crt tft lcd led oled and amoled in stock

What are the key differences between leading electronic visual displays available in the market? Such are the times that we live in that today most of us cannot possibly imagine a life without an electronic device. In fact, we have managed to surround ourselves and depend on a growing number of electronic appliances. Several of these devices - as it happens - also have an electronic visual display; be it a mobile phone, a tablet, a desktop monitor or the television set. Without a doubt, these electronic screen devices have revolutionised the way we lead our lives now as all of the four devices have become increasingly commonplace to the point of becoming basic necessities. Which brings to our blog topic: what exactly is an electronic screen and which are the leading screen technologies available today? Read on to know more…

An electronic screen or an electronic visual display, informally called a screen, is basically a device used to display / present images, text, or video transmitted electronically, without creating a permanent record. As mentioned earlier, electronic visual displays include television sets, computer monitors, and digital signage in information appliances. As per the definition, an overhead projector (along with screen onto which the text, images, or video is projected) can also be called an electronic visual display.

1. Cathode Ray Tube (CRT) display:A vacuum tube containing one or more electron guns and a phosphorescent screen, the cathode-ray tube (CRT) is used to display images. It modulates, accelerates, and deflects electron beams onto the screen to make the images. The images could be electrical waveforms (oscilloscope), pictures (television, computer monitor) or radar targets. CRTs have also been used as memory devices, wherein the visible light from the fluorescent material (if any) does not really have any significant meaning to a visual observer, but the visible pattern on the tube face could cryptically represent the stored data. In television sets and computer monitors, the front area of the tube is scanned systematically and repetitively in a pattern called a raster. Thanks to the intensity of each of the three electron beams - one for each additive primary color (red, green, and blue) - being controlled with a video signal as a reference, an image is produced. In modern CRT monitors and TVs, magnetic deflection bends the beams; magnetic deflection is essentially a varying magnetic field generated by coils and driven by electronic circuits around the neck of the tube, although electrostatic deflection is often used in oscilloscopes, a type of electronic test instrument. CRT is one of the older screen/ display technologies.

2. Flat-Panel display: Flat-panel displays are electronic viewing technologies that are used to allow people to see content (still images, moving images, text, or other visual material) in a range of entertainment, consumer electronics, personal computer, and mobile devices, and several kinds of medical, transportation and industrial equipment. They are much lighter and thinner than traditional cathode ray tube (CRT) television sets and video displays and are typically less than 10 centimetres (3.9 in) thick. Flat-panel displays can be classified under two display device categories: volatile and static. Volatile displays need pixels to be periodically electronically refreshed to retain their state (say, liquid-crystal displays). A volatile display only shows an image when it has battery or AC mains power. Static flat-panel displays rely on materials whose color states are bistable (say, e-book reader tablets from Sony), and they retain the text or images on the screen even when the power is off. In recent times, flat-panel displays have almost completely replaced old CRT displays. Most flat-panel displays from the 2010s use LCD and/or LED technologies. Majority of the LCD screens are back-lit as color filters are used to display colors. Being thin and lightweight, flat-panel displays offer better linearity and have higher resolution than the average consumer-grade TV from the earlier decades. The highest resolution for consumer-grade CRT TVs was 1080i, whereas many flat-panels can display 1080p or even 4K resolution.

3. Plasma (P) display: A plasma display panel (PDP) is a type of flat panel display that uses small cells containing plasma; ionized gas that responds to electric fields. Earlier, plasma displays were commonly used in larger televisions (30 inches and larger). But since more than a decade now, they have lost almost all market share due to competition from low-cost LCDs and more expensive but high-contrast OLED flat-panel displays. Companies stopped manufacturing plasma displays for the United States retail market in 2014, and for the Chinese market in 2016.

4. Electroluminescent display (ELD):Electroluminescent Displays (ELDs) are screens that make use of electroluminescence. Electroluminescence (EL) is an optical and electrical phenomenon where a material emits light in response to an electric current passed through it, or to a strong electric field.

So ELD then is a kind of flat panel display produced by sandwiching a layer of electroluminescent material between two layers of conductors. When the current flows, the layer of material emits radiation in the form of visible light. Basically, electroluminescence works by exciting atoms by passing an electric current through them, leading them to emit photons. By varying the material being excited, the color of the light being emitted is changed. The actual ELD is built using flat, opaque electrode strips running parallel to each other, covered by a layer of electroluminescent material, followed by another layer of electrodes, running perpendicular to the bottom layer. This top layer has to be transparent so as to allow light to escape. At each intersection, the material lights, creating a pixel.

5. Liquid Crystal Display (LCD): A liquid-crystal display (LCD) is a flat-panel display or other electronically modulated optical device that makes use of the light-modulating properties of liquid crystals. Liquid crystals do not give out light directly; they use a backlight or reflector to create images in color or monochrome. LCDs display arbitrary images like in a general-purpose computer display or fixed images with low information content, that can be displayed or hidden, such as preset words, digits, and seven-segment displays, like in a digital clock. They use the same core technology, apart from the fact that arbitrary images are made up of a large number of small pixels, while other displays have larger elements. LCDs could be on (positive) or off (negative), as per the polarizer arrangement. For instance, a character positive LCD with a backlight has black lettering on a background the same color as the backlight, and a character negative LCD has a black background with the letters matching the backlight color. Blue LCDs typically get their characteristic appearance from optical filters being added to white.

LCD screens are being used in several applications such as LCD televisions, computer monitors, instrument panels, aircraft cockpit displays, and indoor and outdoor signage. Small LCD screens are seen in portable consumer devices such as digital cameras, watches, calculators and mobile telephones, including smartphones. LCDs are also found in consumer electronics products such as DVD players, video game devices and clocks. It is interesting to note that these displays are available in a wide range of screen sizes as compared to CRT and plasma displays. Also, while LCD screens have replaced heavy, bulky cathode ray tube (CRT) displays in almost all applications, they are slowly being replaced by OLEDs, which can be easily made into different shapes, and boast other advantages such as having a lower response time, wider color gamut, virtually infinite color contrast and viewing angles, lower weight for a given display size and a slimmer profile and potentially lower power consumption. OLEDs, however, are more expensive for a given display size and they can suffer from screen burn-in when a static image is displayed on a screen for a long time (for instance, the table frame for an airline flight schedule on an indoor sign), not to mention that there is currently no way to recycle OLED displays. LCD panels, on the other hand, are susceptible to image persistence but they rarely suffer image burn-in as they do not use phosphors, plus they can be recycled, although this technology is not exactly common as yet. Not surprisingly, attempts have been made to increase the lifespan of LCDs in the form of quantum dot displays, which provide performance to that of an OLED display, but the Quantum dot sheet that gives these displays their characteristics can not yet be recycled. LCDs are also more energy-efficient and can be disposed of more safely than a CRT display.

6. Light-Emitting Diode (LED) display:An LED display is a flat panel display that uses an array of light-emitting diodes as pixels for a video display. Their brightness lets them be used outdoors where they are visible in the sun for store signs and billboards. It was in 1962 that LED diodes first came into being; this was when the first practical LED was invented by General Electric’s Nick Holonyak Jr. This was also when they were mainly red in color. While the early models had a monochromatic design, the efficient Blue LED completing the color triad became available in the market only in the late 1980s. Today, large displays use high-brightness diodes to generate a wide spectrum of colors. In fact, recently, LEDs have also become a popular choice among destination signs on public transport vehicles and variable-message signs on highways. LED displays can offer general illumination in addition to visual display, as when used for stage lighting or other decorative (as opposed to informational) purposes. Several big corporations such as Apple, Samsung and LG are currently looking to develop MicroLED displays. These displays are easily scalable, and help with making the production process more streamlined. That said, production costs continue to be quite high and thus remain a limiting factor.

7. Organic Light-Emitting Diode OLED display: An organic light-emitting diode (OLED), also called an organic EL (organic electroluminescent) diode, is a light-emitting diode (LED), where the emissive electroluminescent layer is a film of organic compound that gives out light in response to an electric current. The organic layer is located between two electrodes, at least one of which is transparent. OLEDs are used to build digital displays in devices such as television screens, computer monitors, portable systems such as smartphones, handheld game consoles and digital assistants. Typically, an OLED display works without a backlight because it emits visible light. This means that it can display deep black levels and can be thinner and lighter than a liquid crystal display (LCD). In low ambient light conditions, say in a dark room, an OLED screen can achieve a higher contrast ratio than an LCD, irrespective of whether the LCD uses an LED backlight or cold cathode fluorescent lamps.

Also important to note an OLED display can be driven with a passive-matrix (PMOLED) or active-matrix (AMOLED) control scheme. In the former, each row (and line) in the display is controlled sequentially, one by one, as opposed to in the AMOLED where a thin-film transistor backplane is used to directly control and switch each individual pixel on or off, thus offering higher resolution and larger display sizes.

Lastly, there are two main families of OLED: those based on small molecules and those making use of polymers. A big area of research is the development of white OLED devices for use in solid-state lighting applications.

8. Active-Matrix Organic Light-Emitting Diode (AMOLED) display: AMOLED (Active-Matrix Organic Light-Emitting Diode) is a display device technology being used in smartwatches, mobile devices, laptops, televisions, media players and digital cameras. As mentioned earlier, it is a type of OLED; rather a specific type of thin-film-display technology where organic compounds form the electroluminescent material. What distinguishes it from PMOLED is the active matrix technology behind the addressing of pixels. An AMOLED display basically comprises an active matrix of OLED pixels generating light (luminescence) upon electrical activation that have been positioned or integrated onto a thin-film transistor (TFT) array, which in turn operates as a series of switches to control the current flowing to each individual pixel. AMOLED technology has continued to work towards consuming low power, becoming low-cost and offering scalability (mainly by offering larger sizes.

9. Super AMOLED display: Super AMOLED is essentially an AMOLED display but it is a term coined for marketing purposes by leading device manufacturers. It is used to denote AMOLED displays that come with an integrated digitizer, i.e. the layer that detects touch is integrated into the screen, instead of overlaid on top of it. The display technology however is not an improvement on the AMOLED. For instance, Samsung claims that Super AMOLED displays reflect one-fifth as much sunlight as the first generation AMOLED. In fact, Super AMOLED displays that are part of the Pentile matrix family, are also at times known as SAMOLED. Other variations of this term include Super AMOLED Advanced, Super AMOLED Plus, HD Super AMOLED, HD Super AMOLED Plus and Full HD Super AMOLED.

10. Quantum Dot (QD) display:A quantum dot display is a display device that uses quantum dots (QD), basically semiconductor nanocrystals that can generate pure monochromatic red, green, and blue light. Photo-emissive quantum dot particles are used in a QD layer which converts the backlight to give out pure basic colors that in turn enhance display brightness and color gamut by decreasing light loss and color crosstalk in RGB color filters. This technology is used in LED-backlit LCDs, though it applies to other display technologies as well (such as white or blue/UV OLED).

Among devices employing QD screens, one can find electro-emissive or electroluminescent quantum dot displays, which are currently an experimental type of display based on quantum-dot light-emitting diodes (QD-LED). These displays are similar to active-matrix organic light-emitting diode (AMOLED) and MicroLED displays, as in light is produced directly in each pixel by applying an electric current to inorganic nano-particles. QD-LED displays are supposed to support large, flexible displays and not degrade as readily as OLEDs, making them good bets for flat-panel TV screens, digital cameras, mobile phones and handheld game consoles. As of 2018, all commercial products like LCD TVs that use quantum dots and are called QLED, use photo-emissive particles, whereas electro-emissive QD-LED TVs are only to be found in laboratories today.

Firstly polarization, in this we will get to another terms which are polarized light and unpolarized light. So a polarized light wave is that light wave in which vibration occur in a single plane and an unpolarized light wave is that light wave in which vibration occur in more than one plane. Now let’s finally understand polarization. Polarization is a process of transforming unpolarized light wave into polarized light wave.

This is older technology which is not used today. In CRT monitors there was a cathode ray tube due to which it is called CRT monitors. It consists of the electron gun which emits electron on the phosphorous screen and with the help of it image is formed on the screen. The signals that is send from the video adapter reaches to the electronic gun through cables. There are three electronic guns for each RGB color Red, Green, and Blue. These three color mixes with each other and form other colors. The electrons beams emitted from the electronic gun can be focussed in different direction using magnetic force. So that it can reach on the whole screen and produce display. The electron beams when hit the phosphorus screen it produces Red, Green, and Blue colours. The CRT monitor was heavy, large and bulky in size. It consumes more energy. The disadvantage of this technology is that it emits radiations which are harmful for human eyes and health. Due to this reason the CRT monitor is now replaced with the LCD monitor.

The flat panel display replaced the CRT. The flat panel display takes small space as compare to the CRT. It is small in size and consumes less power. Now days mostly computer and laptops uses flat panel display. Flat panel display does not emit any harmful radiation. Flat panel display uses three types of technology:

Now the first display panel type we have got is liquid crystal display or LCD it is a type of display panel that uses liquid crystals technologyalong with polarizers and a cold cathode fluorescent lamp as backlight to provide lightning. These liquid crystals do not emit light directly instead of it. They use a backlight or reflector to illuminate screen and produce image in colour or monochrome. The LCD works better in sunlight. The electricity passes through the liquid crystal and produce image.The color accuracy of the LCD is not very good. The LCD works on three things:

When light emits from source then the light wave vibrates in different direction in horizontal, vertical and diagonal. Then the polarization filters which are sheet of plastic which consists of vertical lines which are very near to each other. The important thing about filter is that when it is place in front of light then only vertical waves can pass through this filter. The horizontal waves are blocked by the filter. If we rotate this filter by 90 degree then this filter will block the vertical waves and pass the horizontal waves. Then we have liquid crystals which was discovered by an Australian scientist in 1888 which is state between the solid and liquid. The interesting thing about liquid crystal is that when the current is passes through it. The molecules changes its direction.

This type of LCD used active matrix technology which means that at every pixel transistor and capacitor is separately attached. The TFT contrast is better than LCD. But the disadvantage is that it consume more power due to which the battery timing of the mobile or laptop is minimum and also from the side the display view is not good. TFT technology is not available in the latest mobiles.

IPS LCD is the advanced form of the TFT technology the viewing angle and colour contrast is better than TFT. In IPS technology there are two transistors for each pixel and also the back light is maximum. It consumes less power as compare to TFT due to which it’s battery life is better than TFT.

The next display panel is light emitting diode or simply led. A led display panel also uses liquid crystal technology but instead of cold cathode fluorescent lamps as back lightning led display panel use an area of small light emitting diodes or LEDs as backlighting to illuminate the screen.

LED might seem like a new type of screen but in fact the LED is just an LCD screen but instead of using fluorescent light as the backlight it uses LEDs  this gives the LED screen some new advantages for example it’s more energy efficient since LEDs consume less power also LED screens can be made very thinner than LCDs because they don’t have that bulky backlight. LEDs also have slightly more accurate colors than LCDs what’s also nice about LEDs is that black is slightly more black than on an LCD screen.

So the next display panel is organic light emitting diode or simply OLED. OLED display panel is made by putting a series of organic thin films between two conductors and when electric current is applied to this type of structure it emits a bright light unlike LCDS and LEDS.They don’t require backlight so they can be thinner and way lesser.So finally OLED uses an organic substance that glows when electric current is introduced and these displays can be thin and flexible too. Now to show something in OLED display it do not require all the display to turn on and only those pixel work which want to display something and other pixels will remain off. Due to which the black portion of the OLED display looks very good compare to LCD. It also consumes less power due to which the battery life will be good. The contrast ratio of OLED technology is better than LCD because the black pixels remain off. The disadvantage is that in sunlight its light is compromised and we may face problem in watching compare to an LCD display. LCD based phone is relatively cheaper than OLED display phone. The screen of the OLED display is very thinner because it does not need back light. Due to which OLED display phone is very thinner and more flexible than LCD phones. The very important benefit of it is that it is folded display. So we can decrease the phone size by folding the screen.

Now the next display panel is active matrix organic light emitting diode or simply AMOLED in AMOLED display panel. The first two words a and m refers to active and matrix respectively. The active matrix refers to the technology which is used for addressing pixels. AMOLED display panel uses a thin film transistor or TFT which contains a storage capacitor which maintains the line pixel states. So AMOLED display panel is a type of OLED which uses active matrix technology.The AMOLED is called active matrix because it consists of different layers for display formation. The anode layer is integrated with thin film transistor TFT which means it does not depend upon on the external circuit to glow the pixel.

Now the last display type we have got is super active matrix organic light emitting diode or simply assemble it as S-AMOLED is an AMOLED display which has an integrated touch function. So instead of having a layer which recognizes touches on top of screen that layer is embedded directly into screen assembly is a marketing term that is used by Samsung which refers to a display technology. Now you may be thinking what is the difference between S-AMOLED and AMOLED. So the term super make it distinguishable from its older version AMOLED and S-AMOLED are not only similar by name but also similar in function. The difference between them is the integrated touch function technology which S-AMOLED have and AMOLED have not. The super AMOLED is integrated with the touch sensor. As in the AMOLED we were used touch sensor digitizer which was integrated in the S-AMOLED due to which the thickness was decreased and due to removal of the touch sensor digitizer battery consumption is also decreased. In S-AMOLED light reflection is less as compare to the AMOLED. Both shares the same pixel arrangement

We all are familiar with the computer monitors. We spend time sitting in front of them for hours working, gaming or watching movies. A monitor is used to display the output of any computer system. A good display makes all the difference and no doubt enhances the user experience. The innovation in the display technologies has improved the quality of the display devices including monitors. Now the desktop computers are available with a variety of displays ranging from technologically obsolete CRT monitors to latest slim LCD, LED or OLED monitors.

A computer monitor, technically termed as visual display unit is an output device that presents the information from the CPU on the screen working as an interface between CPU and the user. A cable connects the monitor to a video adaptor or video card which is set up on the motherboard of the computer. The CPU (Central Processing Unit) sends instruction to the video adaptor telling what needs to be displayed on the screen. The video adaptor converts the instructions into a set of corresponding signals and sends to the monitor. Monitor contains a circuitry that generates the picture on the screen from the set of signals.

The major parameters that measure the performance of a monitor are luminance, contrast ratio, resolution, dot pitch, response time, refresh rate and power consumption. The common problem that arises in monitors is dead pixels, blurred screen, phosphor-burn, etc.

which were the boxy Video Display Terminals (VDTs). VDTs were monochrome monitors which used CRT (Cathode Ray Tube) technology. They were capable of working with any type of computer by connecting through a serial interface.

IBM’s CRT– IBM launched its first computer also known as a ‘three piece computer’ in 1981. It had three different units – CPU, monitor and keyboard separately. By 1984, IBM introduced the new CRT monitor with enhanced Color Graphics Adaptor (CGA) with 16 colors and a resolution of 640 x 350 pixels. In 1987 IBM started offering the Video Graphics Array as part of its new PCs which allowed 256 different colors and a resolution of 640 x 480 pixels.

XGA and UXGA– A new technology named Enhanced Graphics Array or XGA was introduced in 1990 which allowed 16.8 million colors with a resolution of 800 x 600 pixels. The new monitors were now offering true colors that matched the human eye (human eye can detect 10 million different colors). Later the technology extended as UXGA, Ultra Extended Graphics Array which allowed 1600 x 1200 pixels.

In the 90s the LCD monitors came in the scene and gradually started competing with the CRT monitors. By the end of the 20th century, the CRT era was declining with the increasing popularity of Liquid Crystal Technology (LCD). This technology produces sharper images than the CRT monitors and the LCD monitors are significantly thinner having lower radiation emissions.

Few years’ back, LED displays came in the scene and they are gradually making its space in the market. LED technology has various advantages over LCD technology like better image quality, low power consumption, etc.

Since the beginning of computer era, there have been a number of technologies used for the display of output. The major technologies are CRT, LCD, Plasma, LED and OLED displays.

signals through a cable and the signal is decoded by the display controller which finally appears on a phosphor screen. The detailed working is as following:

As shown in the image CRTs have a conical shape and there is an electron gun or cathode ray gun at the back end of the monitor and a phosphor screen in the front. The electron gun fires a stream of electrons towards the display screen through a vacuum tube. This stream of electrons is also known as cathode rays. At the middle of the monitor, there are magnetic anodes which are magnetized in accordance with the instruction from the display controller. When electrons (cathode rays) pass through the magnetic anodes, they are pushed or pulled in one direction or other depending on the magnetic field on the anodes. This directs the electrons towards the correct part of phosphor coating inside the display glass. When electrons strikes the phosphor coated screen passing through a mesh (shadow mask or aperture grill), the phosphor lights up making a displayable dot on the computer screen. There are three different colored phosphors (Red, Green and Blue) for each pixel and the color of the pixel depends on the phosphor on which the electrons strike.

has three different phosphors for each pixel. A cathode ray strikes to one or more of these phosphors and the corresponding colored pixel appear on the screen. However high quality monitors use individual electron gun for each color which improves the image quality. Distance for two same colored phosphors (for single electron gun monitors) is known as dot pitch. Lesser the dot pitch higher is the quality of monitors.

brightness on the screen. Shadow mask is an obsolete technology in which there is a metal sheet with millions of holes to pass electrons in order to hit the phosphor coating. The shadow mask covers the entire screen thereby protecting the phosphors from stray ions (due to vacuum) and also limits the strength of the rays reducing the brightness on the monitor.

What is the resolution of the screen?–Resolution of a monitor tells how densely pixels are arranged on the screen. A combination of dot pitch and the viewable image area defines the maximum resolution of the screen. For example if a 21 inch monitor screen with a viewable area of 401mm x 298mm has a dot pitch of 0.26 mm, then its resolution is 1843 x 1370 pixels derived from a formula.

currently. LCD monitors are lightweight, compact, occupy less space, consume low power and are available in a reasonable price. Currently there are two types of LCD technology in use – Active matrix LCD technology or TFT and Passive matrix technology. The TFT technology is more reliable with better image quality while the passive matrix technology has a slower response and gradually becoming outdated.

As the name indicates, liquid crystals are the key elements of the display screen. By manipulating the crystal we can change the way they interacts with the light. There is a display controller in the monitor which receives the display signals from the video adaptor in the motherboard. The display controller controls two things – the electric signals to the liquid crystals and the back light. Structure of an LCD is shown in the below images (Also see how LCD works).

The liquid crystals used in the LCD are Twisted Nemantic (TN), a type of liquid crystals that are twisted at 90owith the surface. In this state, crystals allow the light to pass through the polarizer but on applying a voltage, they get untwisted and block the light to passing through the polarizer. The display controller starts the backlight that passes through the first piece of the glass. At the same time the display controller also send the electrical currents to the liquid crystal molecules to align and allowing the varying level of light to pass through the second piece of glass, forming the desired picture on the screen. In color monitors, each pixel is made of three liquid crystal cells fronted with red, green and blue filters. The light passing through the filtered screen forms the color what you see on the monitor. A wide range of colors are formed by varying the intensity of colored pixels.

The backlight is made of cathodes, and depending on the quality of the monitor, there may be a single cathode at the top or one at the top and one at the bottom, or two at the top and two at the bottom to improve the brightness and clarity of the monitor. These cathodes are diffused through a layer of plastic and diffusing materials.

Resolution– Unlike the CRT monitors there is no complex equation for the dot pitch and the resolution. The resolution of a monitor is simply the number of pixels contained in the matrix. Typically a 17 inch monitor has a resolution of 1280 x 1024 pixels.

In the below video Bill Hammack explains how a TFT monitor works, how it uses liquid crystals, thin film transistors and polarizers to display information.

In this field. LED monitors use light emitting diodes that acts as a performance booster in the monitors. Basically LED monitors are the LCD monitors with a LED backlight to power up the LCD panel. It means that LEDs are placed behind or around the LCD panel to enhance the luminosity and video definition of the monitor screen.

As we have seen in the above section of LCD monitors, they use a cold cathode light as backlight. In the LED monitors all the concepts are same except this backlight, which is replaced by LEDs.

There are three different types of LED monitors available based on the manner how the diodes are arranges in the monitor. These are – Direct LEDs, Edge LEDs and RGB LEDs. Both Edge and Direct LED display monitors use white diodes that are used to illuminate the LCD panel to produce the improved picture quality. The arrangement of LEDs in the monitor is shown in the below image:

In the Direct LEDs display, white diodes are placed all over the panel to produce higher quality image while the Edge LEDs display uses LEDs only on the borders of the LCD panel. Direct LEDs are generally used in the production of high definition TV whereas the Edge LEDs is mainly used in the production of computer screens. RGB LEDs display is better among the three types of LED monitors as it uses red, green and blue diodes to produce the lifelike images with amazing contrast ratio.

Both types of monitors work on the same technology. LED monitors are LCD monitors with replaced cold cathode backlight to LED backlight. Here are the differences that make the LED displays better than the LCDs

Contrast and Black level of the LED screen is better than the LCD screens because the liquid crystals cannot stop 100% of the backlight from cold cathode backlight and hence when the black screen is to be shown on the monitor, it is not completely black (as shown in the below image). But Edge LED screens perfectly show the black screen as there is no backlight at all.

illuminate tiny colored fluorescent lights to create image pixels. Each pixel is made of three such fluorescent lights – red, green and blue lights. To create a wide range of colors, intensity of these lights is varied accordingly.

There are millions of tiny cells filled with the gas like xenon and neon. They are positioned between two plates of glass known as front plate glass and rear plate glass. Two transparent electrodes covered by an insulating dielectric material and a magnesium oxide protective layer are also sandwiched between the glass plates on both sides of the cells on the entire screen.

When the CPU sends the signals to the Plasma monitor, the corresponding electrodes are charged which ionizes the gas in the intersecting cells by passing an electric current. Due to the collisions between the gas ions they release energy in the form of the photons of light which illuminate the respective cells. This process occurs thousands of times in a small fraction of second making the display faster. The released ultraviolet photons strike the phosphor material coated on the inner wall of the cell and hence phosphor electrons jump to the higher energy level. When the electron falls back to its normal state, it releases the energy as a visible light photon. Every pixel on the screen is made of three different colored phosphors – red, green and blue.

are some organic material (containing carbon, like wood, plastic or polymers.) that is used to convert the electric current into light. Since the LEDs are capable of producing different colored light, they are directly used to produce the correct color and there is no need of a backlight which saves power and space. With fast response time, wide viewing angles, outstanding contrast levels and perfect brightness, OLED displays are surely better than the existing other display technologies.

The heart of the OLED display is a stack of thin organic layers which is sandwiched between two conductors – a transparent anode and a metallic cathode, which in turn are sandwiched between two glass plates known as seal and substrate. The organic layer consists of a hole-injection layer, a hole-transport layer, an emissive layer and an electron-transport layer. When an appropriate voltage is applied, an electric current flows from cathode to anode through the organic layers. The cathode give electrons to the emissive layer of organic molecules while the anode takes equivalent electrons from the conducting layer of organic molecules. At the boundary of emissive and conductive layers, electrons and the holes are gathered. Here electrons are recombined with the holes by releasing energy in the form of photon of light. Hence the organic layer emits the light to produce the display. The color of the light depends on the type of organic molecules while the brightness depends on the amount of the current applied. By maximizing the recombination process in the emissive layer the output light can be improved in OLED devices. Thus the emissive layer is slightly doped with highly fluorescent molecules to enhance the electro-luminescent efficiency and control of color.

·Comparing it with the LCD devices, OLED displays can be viewed from different angles as they are “emissive” devices i.e. they emit light rather than modulating transmitted or reflected light.

"Between 0.0001 and 0.00001 nits" "Sony claims an OLED contrast range of 1,000,000:1. When I asked how the contrast could be so high I was told that the surface is SO black the contrast is almost infinite. If the number representing the dark end of the contrast scale is nearly zero then dividing that number into the brightest value results in a very, very high contrast ratio."

Does not normally occur at 100% brightness level. At levels below 100% flicker often occurs with frequencies between 60 and 255 Hz, since often pulse-width modulation is used to dim OLED screens.

No native resolution. Currently, the only display technology capable of multi-syncing (displaying different resolutions and refresh rates without the need for scaling).Display lag is extremely low due to its nature, which does not have the ability to store image data before output, unlike LCDs, plasma displays and OLED displays.

TFT LCD is a mature technology. OLED is a relatively new display technology, being used in more and more applications. As for Micro LED, it is a new generation technology with very promising future. Followings are the pros and cons of each display technology.

TFT Liquid Crystal Display is widely used these days. Since LCD itself doesn"t emit light. TFT LCD relies on white LED backlight to show content. This is an explanation of how TFT LCD works.

Relatively lower contrast：Light needs to pass through LCD glasses, liquid crystal layer, polarizers and color filters. Over 90% is lost. Also, LCD can not display pure black.

Organic Light-Emitting Diode is built from an electro-luminescent layer that contains organic compounds, which emit light in response to an electric current. There are two types of OLED, Passive Matrix OLED (PMOLED) and Active Matrix OLED (AMOLED). These driving methods are similar to LCD"s. PMOLED is controlled sequentially using a matrix addressing scheme, m + n control signals are required to address a m x n display. AMOLED uses a TFT backplane that can switch individual pixels on and off.

Low power consumption and flexible: OLED doesn"t rely on backlight and consumes less power. OLED is essentially created on plastic film. It is bendable and easy to process.

High contrast and vivid color: OLED emits light itself, can produce very bright image with beautiful color. And because OLED can be turned off, it can produce true black.

Stroboscopic effect: most OLED screen uses PWM dimming technology. Some people who are easy perceive stroboscopic frequency may have sore eyes and tears.

​Micro LED, sometimes called μLED is made up of tiny LED, measure less than 100μm. Another way of looking at this is that MicroLEDs are simply traditional LEDs shrunk down and placed into an array.

Replacing organic material with inorganic GaN material eliminates the need of polarizing and encapsulation layer, found in OLED. Micro LED is smaller and thinner, consumes less power.

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The role of display in our lives is very important. Display means a well-organized representation of data that is available in the form of text, images, and graphics. Different devices are available that can present the information to the users that can be visualized by human eyes.

Every technology has many features in terms of its time. In this topic, we will discuss different types of display technologies, their features, a comparison between them, and their use in different electronic visual display devices.

It is an electronic visual display that enables users to view text, images, videos, or any other visual objects by changing the frequency, intensity, phase, and amplitude of light along with changing the polarization of radiated oscillations.

We can also say that it works with polarizers by using light modulating properties. LCD is flat and lighter than previously used Cathode Ray Tube (CRT) in televisions for display. It produces colorful images by using a backlight or reflector without emitting light.

The LCD screen is used in various electronic display devices such as calculators, mobiles, laptops, digital cameras, digital watches, and so on. This display technology is classified into further categories which are listed below:

A type of LCD technology in which LEDs are used in backlighting instead of CCFL (Cold Cathode Fluorescent). This technology is slim, lighter, consumes less power, and has a great contrast ratio as compared to common LCD.

In this category, image quality is improved by using thin-film transistor technology. Transistors are used to control every pixel in the display screen, resultantly, response time increases. Twisted nematic, In-Plane Switching (IPS), and Plane Line Switching (PLS) are the most known types of TFT LCD.

The combination of the properties of light and electricity are used in this display that makes use of semiconductors particles which are very small (nanometers) in size, to react. Each pixel on the display emits red, green, or blue light or a combination of these colors.

Keeping in view the many types of display technologies, it becomes very difficult to select the best one. The display screen which has the most features in terms of power, refresh rate and provides the best result to our eyes will be considered the best one (by ignoring the price factor).

This technology displays visual objects by using lights as an emitting source when an electric current is supplied. The Light-emitting diodes allow passing the current in a forwarding direction only. Therefore we can say that the characteristics of LED are very similar to PN Junction that blocks the current when it flows in the reverse direction.

Light-emitting diodes combine the P-type semiconductors (holes) with N-type semiconductors (electrons) and make a PN Junction when a sufficient voltage is applied.

OLED display does not use backlight however it uses visible light. In this display, every pixel comprises a color filter, a liquid crystal, and a tiny light.

Liquid crystal comprises the specifications of solid and liquid. It does not allow to pass light when it is in liquid form and blocks when it is in the solid-state.

Transistors are very helpful in quickly moving the electric current across the entire display. It is most commonly used for large displays where it can transfer the current rapidly to the entire screen and an enhanced refresh rate can be maintained.

It is an advanced version of AMOLED display that is being used in popular smartphones. This is an AMOLED display with an integrated touch screen function.

The touch screen functionality is also available in the AMOLED technology, however, its touch-sensitive layer is located specifically on top of the screen whereas, in Super AMOLED displays, the layer is built into the screen.

The Super AMOLED displays become easier to view in direct sunlight if the extra layer is removed. This is the more desirable feature in today’s mobile phones.

Display sizeSupports high resolution and large displays as compared to OLEDProvides large, thinner, and efficient displays as compared to LCDs, but not suitable for a wide range of displays

The AMOLED and Super AMOLED display technologies are used in very large displays, laptops, mobile phones, tablets, TVs, digital cameras, calculators, industrial digital machines, etc.

Before we compare the difference between AMOLED and OLED display, let us first have a quick glance on the other types of display used in our electronic devices to better understand how the technology of display evolves to what it is today.

It all begins here, remember those PC monitors with big and bulky tube-like thing in its back? Those monitors are using CRT or Cathode Ray Tube displays. Back then, the displays in our electronic devices are not as good as what we have today. As mentioned earlier devices using CRT displays are too bulky, too heavy, ugly and very unhealthy to the eyes due to higher radiation.

Nonetheless, this technology is one of the most advance during its time and was being used for several years before it was being replaced by a much better technology known as LCD.

LCD display solved some of the most known issues surrounding the CRT displays, like the problem in aesthetics and in providing a better and a much safer display. Unlike CRT, LCD uses a much thinner screen that allows manufacturer to use it not only on large electronic devices such TVs and Personal Computers but also to smaller devices like the mobile phones. It is also a low-cost technology making it one of the most preferred type of display to use over other rising types of display during its time (like the Plasma display).

When mobile devices become a new and hottest trend in the modern tech world, LCD played a major part into this trend. Most of the mobile devices in the world is using an LCD display at the onset of its popularity.

As LCD played a major part in the advancement of mobile phone technology, a variant of it called Thin-Film-Transistor (TFT) has been introduced to the mobile world. TFT is just basically an LCD display but unlike a typical LCD, the TFT variant provides a better image quality and contrast. It also uses lesser power than the ordinary LCD and significantly faster in terms of refresh rate. However, TFT display is less adaptive when exposed to direct sunlight making it harder to see when you bring your device outdoor. It also has one big problem in consistently delivering better display when viewed at different angles. In other worhds, TFT display can only be viewed at one specific angle and poorly delivers when viewed from the side or other angle.

To address the limitations of a TFT display, a new and better variant of LCD was introduced and this is the IPS display. Generally, IPS display provides a better viewing quality no matter what angle you are looking at the device.

Typically, TFT display needs to be viewed head-on or in one specific angle only in order for you to see a better viewing display. IPS address this issue as it provides a better viewing quality even if you are looking at the device on its sides or top or whatever angle you prefer. It is also faster in terms of response time and offers much better viewing in outdoor lights. If you want to read more about IPS and TFT, you can go to this sitefor a more detailed article.

We often get confused about what is LED display and how is it different to LCD display? The answer of this as defined by Digital Trends website is that an LED is just another variant of an LCD display. According to this site, the proper term for this type of LCD display is "LED-backlit LCD display". Yes, you heard it right, LED display is just an LCD display that is using LEDs as backlight for the display.

The reason why LED is used is because it provides better brilliance and lighting to the display and it is also more efficient and uses lesser power. Now that we already reach the point of an LED-supported displays, some variants of this technology has been introduced promising a much better, clearer, more power efficient and cutting-edge technology. In other words, we are already in the age that LED displays are starting to dominate our tech world. So far we have variants like OLED, AMOLED, Super AMOLED and QLED.

According to Tom"s Guide website, OLED technology uses organic compounds to create colors. I think this is why it is called Organic Light Emitting Diode. This kind of technology produces more intense color and stark contrast. LG is one of the known users of this type of display in their TVs.

OLED technology is again producing a brighter, more power efficient, thinner and better contrast than LCD displays. One of the highlight of an OLED display is its ability to produce a true black color. Unlike LCD, OLED does not use any backlighting thus it is more thinner to the extent that it can be easily rolled. High end phones nowadays are already using OLED display like the Huawei P30.

Key Point: OLED is not an LCD type display that uses an LED backlighting. OLED is a totally different technology that is viewed as better and more efficient than LCD.

One of the hottest and most sought display today is the AMOLED. You guess it right, an AMOLED display is a type of an OLED display. OLED has one limitation, it has some restrictions on the screen size while AMOLED can be applied to any screen size.

AMOLED displays is using TFT on tap of the OLED, if you recall one of the advantage of TFT display is that it allows faster response time, this ability was inherited by the AMOLED display but unlike the original TFT, AMOLED offers better brilliance and image quality. However, it also inherits one of the problems of TFT screen as it can be hardly visible when exposed to outdoor lights.

Again, OLED offers better contrast, true black and more efficient power consumption while AMOLED offers faster response rate and eliminates restrictions on screen size which is the main problem with OLED. Nonetheless, both displays are already great than the previous types we mentioned above and both offers a much better dislplays.

Super AMOLED is the real deal nowadays because of its integrated touch function. It still offers vibrant display, it is thinner and lighter and more power efficient. More importantly, super AMOLED is already easily visible when exposed to direct sunlight. It has a superb adaptive ability to various lighting environments and has an impressive contrast ratio.

Samsung is one of the main users of Super AMOLED as most of their flagship phones are equipped with this stunning technology. The only disadvantage the nay sayers are seeing for AMOLED, actually for all other OLED types display, is that it burns out over time. But sure there is some ways users can prevent this from happening. I for one, am using a Samsung A50 and I am really impressed with the Super AMOLED display.

I compare it with my older iPhone SE, it has an IPS display, the difference is really evident. I also compared the Super AMOLED with Huawei P30"s OLED display, Super AMOLED is indeed more vibrant and stunning.

In conclusion, Super AMOLED indeed offers better and more efficient display. However, it is expected to wear out over time but there are some ways to avoid this from wearing out and sure it does not wear out that easy. OLED is also a better option however if you love playing games Super AMOLED offers faster refresh rate. IPS display is still not out in the game, iPhone is still using it in most of its phone and it is not a bad option either. But really, the trend is now in OLED and it really did not disappointment.

Earlier this year, Transparency Market Researchreleased a report chronicling the agency’s outlook for the organic light-emitting diode (OLED) display market through 2018. The report bears great news for OLED and liquid crystal display or LCD module manufacturers like Microtips Technology, LLC. Among other things, analysts expect a massive growth in store for the OLED display market to the tune of $25.9 billion by 2018, from a meager $4.9 billion in 2012.

While the OLED market has seen some highs and lows, it’s still managed to perform quite well. With the use of OLED displays in smartphones, government backing in several countries, and a growing number of OLED wearables for the healthcare, transportation, and medical sectors, the market for OLED is on a steady growth path.

Major industry players Samsung and LG are in on the revolution as well, with increased investments and R&D efforts aimed at tapping into the market’s huge growth potential. Furthermore, vendors are on track to developing a set of tech standards for all resulting products using an effective R&D process. The proliferation of so-called advanced OLED displays today can be attributed to increased R&D spending and development throughout the industry.

This growth also strengthens the fact that display technology has evolved considerably over the years. Conventional displays such as CRT to LCD, TFT-LCD, LED-LCD, and LED have undergone rapid transformations, such as the shift to OLED, an extended version of standard LED technology. With its arrival, OLED tech brings a wide variety of perks that older tech can’t offer: lighter construction due to the lack of need for backlighting, a wider 180-degree viewing angle, superior contrast ratio, and overall sharper image quality.

Today, OLED displays are being increasingly mass produced for mobile phones and shall continue to gain better market share in the future. Some experts have it that flagship phones featuring flexible, full OLED displays are due to be released within two years.

Growth prospects for the OLED market have led to renewed optimism among industry players and vendors alike. Customers in need of custom display modules can turn to a globally recognized OLED and LCD module manufacturer like Microtips Technology, LLC that offers outstanding turnkey solutions and engineering support.

When looking at smartphones and tablets, we often obsess over cores and gigs and screen sizes. While all those are important to weigh when evaluating a device, the component we see the most – that we interact with the most – is the screen. When talking about computers in days gone by, the fight was between LCD (liquid crystal display) and CRT (cathode ray tube) – with CRT eventually becoming all but a footnote in the annals of history. Today, the battle is between LCD and LED (light emitting diode) – more specifically between IPS and AMOLED.

IPS (in-plane switching) was developed primarily to help LCD overcome the limitations of “regular” TFT LCD. TFT (thin-film transistor) displays typically had slow response times which initially plagued PC gamers who require screens with fast response times, but this eventually became problematic to mainstream users when touchscreens became commonplace.

Viewing angles on TFT screens were okay when you were sitting directly in front of one, but smartphones and tablets required wider angles than TFT was able to provide. Additionally, color replication and sharpness on IPS LCDs were better than on the TFT predecessors and most competing technologies. If you want clean, bright whites, IPS is the panel for you!

AMOLED (Active Matrix Organic Light Emitting Diode) is an upgrade to OLED (organic light emitting diode). The technology uses organic compounds which produce (or “emit”) light when exposed to an electric current. In most cases, this eliminates the need for backlighting, which reduces power consumption and bulk.

Modern AMOLED displays also provide better viewing angles, surpassing IPS. If you want deep blacks, nothing beats an AMOLED panel! However, since AMOLED is more difficult to produce than IPS, costs are higher and images aren’t quite as sharp.

Since each “dot” is essentially its own colored light in an AMOLED display, colors are better and contrast is great! The brightness of each dot varies by its color, so considerations have to be taken to make each colored dot appear as bright as the other colors next to it. Due to this limitation, AMOLED screens aren’t as visible in daylight as IPS displays. Then, to add insult to injury, AMOLED dots degrade, reducing the color saturation of the panel over time.

Technological improvements never rest. Super AMOLED and Super IPS are already trying to solve the underlying shortcomings of each type of display. Every iteration of each panel will whittle away at the shortcomings and improve upon the strengths.

Which is better, AMOLED vs IPS? Unfortunately, this isn’t one of those “this one is clearly better than that one” comparisons. Each end user is going to bring their own likes and dislikes to the decision. The answer to the question is as unique as the person asking it.

OLED displays have higher contrast ratios (1 million : 1 static compared with 1,000 : 1 for LCD screens), deeper blacks and lower power consumption compared with LCD displays. They also have greater color accuracy. However, they are more expensive, and blue OLEDs have a shorter lifetime.

OLED displays offer a much better viewing angle. In contrast, viewing angle is limited with LCD displays. And even inside the supported viewing angle, the quality of the picture on an LCD screen is not consistent; it varies in brightness, contrast, saturation and hue by variations in posture of the viewer.

There are no geographical constraints with OLED screens. LCD screens, on the other hand, lose contrast in high temperature environments, and lose brightness and speed in low temperature environments.

Blue OLEDs degrade more rapidly than the materials that produce other colors. Because of this, the manufacturers of these displays often compensate by calibrating the colors in a way that oversaturates the them and adds a bluish tint to the screen.

With current technology, OLED displays use more energy than backlit LCDs when displaying light colors. While OLED displays have deeper blacks compared with backlit LCD displays, they have dimmer whites.

LCDs use liquid crystals that twist and untwist in response to an electric charge and are lit by a backlight. When a current runs through them, they untwist to let through a specific amount of light. They are then paired with color filters to create the display.

AMOLED (Active-Matrix Organic Light-Emitting Diode) is a different form of OLED used in some mobile phones, media players and digital cameras. It offers higher refresh rates with OLEDs and consume a lot less power, making them good for portable electronics. However, they are difficult to view in direct sunlight. Products with AMOLED screens include Galaxy Nexus, Galaxy S II, HTC Legend and PlayStation Vita.

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