lcd panel connect to computer power supply manufacturer

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There aren’t many components as boring as the power supply in your PC, but the new Aorus P1200W 80+ Platinum modular power supply is looking to change that. The unit includes an LCD screen on the side that allows you to quickly monitor system information or just add a little more bling to your build.

The main purpose of the screen is to show system information like your total power consumption, fan speed, and PSU temperature. However, you can customize it with just about anything. The screen supports custom text, image files, GIFs, and even MP4s, so you can loop your favorite clip or perhaps even play a full movie.

Gigabyte hasn’t listed any information about the screen, so the resolution and refresh rate might kill the experience. Under the screen is a thin RGB strip with some Aorus branding, which you can customize and sync through Gigabyte’s RGB Fusion 2.0 software.

Glitz isn’t all that makes the P1200W stand out. As a high-end unit capable of taking on the best power supplies, it comes with 80+ Platinum certification, flat modular cables, Japanese capacitors, and a slew of temperature, current, and voltage protections.

It isn’t short of connections, either. It comes with 24-pin motherboard power, two 8-pin CPU connectors, six 8-pin PCIe cables, 16 SATA connections through four cables, and two Molex connectors. All of the cables are fully modular, too, so you only have to plug in what ones you’ll use.

Keeping everything cool is a single 140mm fan, which stays idle if the load is under 20%. The fan also has a unique feature that lets you reverse its direction to blow dust out that’s accumulated inside the power supply. You can set the fan to do that every time you turn on your computer, or you can do it manually.

Unlike a lot of high-wattage power supplies, the Aorus P1200W isn’t any bigger than a standard ATX unit. It measures only 160mm in length compared to the 200mm seen on most other 1200W PSUs.

Gigabyte hasn’t released any information on pricing or where you’ll be able to find the P1200W. At the time of publication, it’s not available through Gigabyte’s online store, and the only retailer in the “where to buy” section doesn’t have it listed. Once it starts making the rounds, though, it will likely be on the premium end of things.

Cooler Master just announced a slew of products at its CM Showcase 2021. While a lot was talked about, one of the stand-outs is the company’s first in-house power supply. Featuring a built-in LCD display on the side and RGB lighting, this power PSU offers quite a bit over the competition. That’s far from the only release from today, however, so keep reading to find out everything that the Cooler Master Showcase 2021 held.

While power supplies have been around as long as computers themselves, it’s something that many overlook when building a desktop. Up until recently, many PC builders would opt for budget power supplies instead of picking up something of quality. Well, that’s changed for many builders and companies are starting to cater toward higher-end options instead of low-cost solutions.

Cooler Master has taken note of this and has finally designed an entire power supply in-house with their own engineers, which is a first for the company. Featuring high-end performance and efficiency, the Cooler Master XG Plus power supplies offer some unique features. There’s an RGB display panel on the side of the PSU that gives real-time visual monitoring of temperature, fan speed, and power consumption. While this isn’t a necessary feature, it’ll be nice to see how much power your desktop is using in real-time, especially for higher-end builds. And, to top it off, it’s 80+ Platinum certified and the fully modular design includes cables that have in-line capacitors to reduce ripple noise.

Cooler Master is launching a number of new cases this year for both desktop and even the Raspberry Pi. While many cases were announced, we’re going to focus on the MasterBox 540. With a spotlight on both aesthetics and performance, this case features an iridescent front panel that offers a “stunning display of illumination.” It’s also been optimized for airflow, ensuring your components will stay cool for the long-haul.

However, this is far from the only case announced today. There’s more open designs, traditional builds, and others being released throughout the year, so be sure to check the rest out right here.

Cooler Master is going back to the basics with a slew of new coolers, as well. Of course, where the company got its original name, so it’s only fitting that they’d announce several products in this category. From air coolers to multiple all-in-one offerings and RGB fans, Cooler Master’s 2021 lineup doesn’t disappoint.

The PC company is far from over after launching power supplies, cases, and coolers. They’re also set to release a number of new computer monitors, gaming desks, laptop and monitor stands, as well as peripherals. There’s plenty to choose from here, and, of course, just about everything features some flavor of RGB.

FSP Group is one of the global leading power supply manufacturers. Our products include ac dc power supplies, UPS, energy storage systems, battery chargers & more. Learn more about FSP Group.

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Computer power supplies convert the alternate current from the power outlets in your home to the direct current your PC uses. They also provide power to the various components of the computer, such as hard drives, fans and optical drives.

ATX power supplies fit ATX motherboards and computer cases. They can provide 300W of power or more. Unlike older computer power supplies, they have a soft switch instead of a physical switch, allowing turning them on and off via software. Most models have SATA connectors, to power hard drives and optical drives. They use a 20-pin power connector.

ATX12V power supplies look almost identical to the ATX ones, but they have different power connectors. The ATX12V v1.0 models use a 20-pin main connector, a 4-pin 12V connector for the processor and a 6-pin auxiliary connector. ATX12V v2.0 power supplies use a 24-pin main connector and a 4-pin connector for the processor. These power supplies are the most common in modern computers.

Power factor correction (PFC) power supplies reduce the amount of reactive power your computer produces. The components of your PC cannot use reactive power, but energy companies still charge you for it. Active PFC power supplies use electronic circuits, while the passive PFC ones use inductors and capacitors. Both PFC mechanisms also distribute the power more efficiently between the components of your computer.

Non-modular power supplies are generally cheaper and they feature several cables soldered to the same circuit board. This kind of construction may obstruct airflow and cause overheating inside the computer case. Non-modular PSUs may also look unsightly if your PC case has a window. Semi-modular power supplies have less hardwired cables, so they tend to cause less overheating, avoiding damage to the computer"s components. Modular power supplies have no hardwired cables, so you can choose which ones you want to connect. They tend to be more expensive than the other types.

A redundant power supply system lets your PC use two or more power supplies. Each power supply has the capability of powering the entire computer alone. If one of them stops working, the PC will keep running as normal. It minimizes downtime and prevents damage to the internal PC components. Redundant power supplies are suitable for data center facilities and business environments, where uptime is essential.

Many quality computer power supplies use protection mechanisms to prevent damage to the components of your PC. Overvoltage protection shuts down the PCU if it exceeds a specified voltage limit. Overcurrent protection, on the other hand, shuts down the PCU if there is excessive current.

When a PC suddenly goes on the fritz for no apparent reason, checking the PC power supply first may save a lot of time troubleshooting the system. A faulty PC power supply belies many intermittent computer problems. This is why experienced PC technicians often look first at the PSU when diagnosing PC hardware issues.

As with any troubleshooting situation, disconnect all but the necessary peripherals from the PC. Usually this means you’re left only with the mouse, keyboard and monitor connected.

Many power supplies have an external switch located at the rear of the unit. Check that it has not been accidentally been switched off. Plug the PSU power cable into a wall socket or surge protector, and turn on the computer. Most power supply models have a light on back of the unit that glows when it’s powered on. If it doesn’t light, try a different power cable and a different socket to eliminate those items as the source of the problem.

The paper clip test, alternatively called the jumper test, allows you to verify PSU functionality when it is disconnected from the components inside a PC. This test will identify some common issues:

Locate the 20+4P (24-pin) connector. Bend the paperclip and insert one end into the green pin (PS_ON) and the other into any of the black pins (Ground).

The paper clip test is a crude but effective way to confirm if your PSU needs to be replaced. It will not tell you much else. If your power supply passes the paper clip test, you still may need to identify related issues:

To perform more nuanced testing of your power supply, you will need to use or buy a multimeter. A multimeter is an instrument that measures electrical current, principally voltage (volts), current (amps), and resistance (ohms). If you’re an electronics technician, you probably have one already, and are definitely familiar with this tool.

If you’re working as an internal IT, it probably isn’t worth your time to get overly intensive with power supply testing and repair. The cost of a new PSU is relatively low, and does not justify extensive personnel hours dedicated to a complex diagnosis. It is common practice for departments that manage multiple PCs is to keep spare power supply or two on hand for “swap” testing to identify when a PSU is the root cause of recurring computer problems.

If your computers are under warranty and you suspect the power supply may be to blame, that’s when you would take advantage of manufacturer support and warranty for desktop computers that you purchase. If you’re buying your business computers as finished systems, it’s a better use of company resources for the manufacturer to troubleshoot faulty computer power supplies and other components, while your team gets to work on a freshly replaced PC.

A power supply unit (PSU) converts mains AC to low-voltage regulated DC power for the internal components of a computer. Modern personal computers universally use switched-mode power supplies. Some power supplies have a manual switch for selecting input voltage, while others automatically adapt to the mains voltage.

Most modern desktop personal computer power supplies conform to the ATX specification, which includes form factor and voltage tolerances. While an ATX power supply is connected to the mains supply, it always provides a 5-volt standby (5VSB) power so that the standby functions on the computer and certain peripherals are powered. ATX power supplies are turned on and off by a signal from the motherboard. They also provide a signal to the motherboard to indicate when the DC voltages are in spec, so that the computer is able to safely power up and boot. The most recent ATX PSU standard is version 3.0 as of mid-2022.

The desktop computer power supply converts the alternating current (AC) from a wall socket of mains electricity to a low-voltage direct current (DC) to operate the motherboard, processor and peripheral devices. Several direct-current voltages are required, and they must be regulated with some accuracy to provide stable operation of the computer. A power supply rail or voltage rail refers to a single voltage provided by a PSU.

Some PSUs can also supply a standby voltage, so that most of the computer system can be powered off after preparing for hibernation or shutdown, and powered back on by an event. Standby power allows a computer to be started remotely via wake-on-LAN and Wake-on-ring or locally via Keyboard Power ON (KBPO) if the motherboard supports it. This standby voltage may be generated by a small linear power supply inside the unit or a switching power supply, sharing some components with the main unit to save cost and energy.

First-generation microcomputer and home computer power supply units used a heavy step-down transformer and a linear power supply, as used, in for example, the Commodore PET introduced in 1977. The Apple II, also introduced in 1977, was noted for its switched-mode power supply, which was lighter and smaller than an equivalent linear power supply would have been, and which had no cooling fan. The switched-mode supply uses a ferrite-cored high frequency transformer and power transistors that switch thousands of times per second. By adjusting the switching time of the transistor, the output voltage can be closely controlled without dissipating energy as heat in a linear regulator. The development of high-power and high-voltage transistors at economical prices made it practical to introduce switch mode supplies, that had been used in aerospace, mainframes, minicomputers and color television, into desktop personal computers. The Apple II design by Atari engineer Rod Holt was awarded a patent,

Computer power supplies may have short circuit protection, overpower (overload) protection, over-voltage protection, under-voltage protection, over-current protection, and over-temperature protection.

Power supplies designed for worldwide use were once equipped with an input voltage selector switch that allowed the user to configure the unit for use on local power grid. In the lower voltage range, around 115 V, this switch is turned on changing the power grid voltage rectifier into a voltage doubler in delon circuit design. As a result, the large primary filter capacitor behind that rectifier was split up into two capacitors wired in series, balanced with bleeder resistors and varistors that were necessary in the upper input voltage range, around 230 V. Connecting the unit configured for the lower range to a higher-voltage grid usually resulted in an immediate permanent damage. When the power-factor correction (PFC) was required, those filter capacitors were replaced with higher-capacity ones, together with a coil installed in series to delay the inrush current. This is the simple design of a passive PFC.

Active PFC is more complex and can achieve higher PF, up to 99%. The first active PFC circuits just delayed the inrush. Newer ones are working as an input and output condition-controlled step-up converter, supplying a single 400 V filter capacitor from a wide-range input source, usually between 80 and 240 V. Newer PFC circuits also replace the NTC-based inrush current limiter, which is an expensive part previously located next to the fuse.

The first IBM PC power supply unit (PSU) supplied two main voltages: +5 V and +12 V. It supplied two other voltages, −5 V and −12 V, but with limited amounts of power. Most microchips of the time operated on 5 V power. Of the 63.5 W these PSUs could deliver, most of it was on this +5 V rail.

The +12 V supply was used primarily to operate motors such as in disk drives and cooling fans. As more peripherals were added, more power was delivered on the 12 V rail. However, since most of the power is consumed by chips, the 5 V rail still delivered most of the power. The −12 V rail was used primarily to provide the negative supply voltage to the RS-232 serial ports. A −5 V rail was provided for peripherals on the ISA bus (such as soundcards), but was not used by any motherboard other than the original IBM PC motherboard.

An additional wire referred to as "Power Good" is used to prevent digital circuitry operation during the initial milliseconds of power supply turn-on, where output voltages and currents are rising but not yet sufficient or stable for proper device operation. Once the output power is ready to use, the Power Good signal tells the digital circuitry that it can begin to operate.

Original IBM power supplies for the PC (model 5150), XT and AT included a line-voltage power switch that extended through the side of the computer case. In a common variant found in tower cases, the line-voltage switch was connected to the power supply with a short cable, allowing it to be mounted apart from the power supply.

An early microcomputer power supply was either fully on or off, controlled by the mechanical line-voltage switch, and energy saving low-power idle modes were not a design consideration of early computer power supplies. These power supplies were generally not capable of power saving modes such as standby or "soft off", or scheduled turn-on power controls.

Due to the always-on design, in the event of a short circuit, either a fuse would blow, or a switched-mode supply would repeatedly cut the power, wait a brief period of time, and attempt to restart. For some power supplies the repeated restarting is audible as a quiet rapid chirping or ticking emitted from the device.

When Intel developed the ATX standard power supply connector (published in 1995), microchips operating on 3.3 V were becoming more popular, beginning with the Intel 80486DX4 microprocessor in 1994, and the ATX standard supplies three positive rails: +3.3 V, +5 V, and +12 V. Earlier computers requiring 3.3 V typically derived that from a simple but inefficient linear regulator connected to the +5 V rail.

The ATX connector provides multiple wires and power connections for the 3.3 V supply, because it is most sensitive to voltage drop in the supply connections. Another ATX addition was the +5 V SB (standby) rail for providing a small amount of standby power, even when the computer was nominally "off".

There are two basic differences between AT and ATX power supplies: the connectors that provide power to the motherboard, and the soft switch. In ATX-style systems, the front-panel power switch provides only a control signal to the power supply and does not switch the mains AC voltage. This low-voltage control allows other computer hardware or software to turn the system on and off.

Since ATX power supplies share both, the same width and height (150 × 86 mm (5.9 × 3.4 in)), and the same mounting layout (four screws arranged on the back side of the unit), with the preceding format, there"s no major physical difference preventing an AT case to accept an ATX PSU (or vice versa, if the case can host the power switch needed by an AT PSU), provided that the specific PSU is not too long for the specific case.

As transistors become smaller on chips, it becomes preferable to operate them on lower supply voltages, and the lowest supply voltage is often desired by the densest chip, the central processing unit. In order to supply large amounts of low-voltage power to the Pentium and subsequent microprocessors, a special power supply, the voltage regulator module began to be included on motherboards. Newer processors require up to 100 A at 2 V or less, which is impractical to deliver from off-board power supplies.

Initially, this was supplied by the main +5 V supply, but as power demands increased, the high currents required to supply sufficient power became problematic. To reduce the power losses in the 5 V supply, with the introduction of the Pentium 4 microprocessor, Intel changed the processor power supply to operate on +12 V, and added the separate four-pin P4 connector to the new ATX12V 1.0 standard to supply that power.

Modern high-powered graphics processing units do the same thing, resulting in most of the power requirement of a modern personal computer being on the +12 V rail. When high-powered GPUs were first introduced, typical ATX power supplies were "5 V-heavy", and could only supply 50–60% of their output in the form of 12 V power. Thus, GPU manufacturers, to ensure 200–250 W of 12 V power (peak load, CPU+GPU), recommended power supplies of 500–600 W or higher. More modern ATX power supplies can deliver almost all (typically 80–90%) of their total rated capacity in the form of +12 V power.

Because of this change, it is important to consider the +12 V supply capacity, rather than the overall power capacity, when using an older ATX power supply with a more recent computer.

Low-quality power supply manufacturers sometimes take advantage of this overspecification by assigning unrealistically high power supply ratings, knowing that very few customers fully understand power supply ratings.

+3.3 V and +5 V rail voltage supplies are rarely a limiting factor; generally, any supply with a sufficient +12 V rating will have adequate capacity at lower voltages. However, most hard drives or PCI cards will create a greater load on the +5 V rail.

Older CPUs and logic devices on the motherboard were designed for 5 V operating voltage. Power supplies for those computers regulate the 5 V output precisely, and supply the 12 V rail in a specified voltage window depending on the load ratio of both rails. The +12 V supply was used for computer fan motors, disk drive motors and serial interfaces (which also used the −12 V supply). A further use of the 12 V came with the sound cards, using linear chip audio power amplifiers, sometimes filtered by a 9 V linear regulator on the card to cut the noise of the motors.

Since certain 80386 variants, CPUs use lower operating voltages such as 3.3 or 3.45 V. Motherboards had linear voltage regulators, supplied by the 5 V rail. Jumpers or dip switches set the output voltages to the installed CPU"s specification. When newer CPUs required higher currents, switching mode voltage regulators like buck converters replaced linear regulators for efficiency.

Since the first revision of the ATX standard, PSUs were required to have a 3.3 V output voltage rail. Rarely, a linear regulator generated these 3.3 V, supplied from the 5 V and converting the product of voltage drop and current to heat. In the most common design this voltage is generated by shifting and transforming the pulses of the 5 V rail on an additional choke, causing the voltage to rise delayed and rectified separately into a dedicated 3.3 V railTL431,Zener diode. Later regulators managed all the 3.3, 5 and 12 V rails. Cutting the pulse by the voltage regulator the ratio of the 3.3 and 5 V is controlled. Some of these PSUs use two different chokes, feeding to the 3.3 V rail from the transformer to manage changing loads by pulse with ratio between the 3.3 and the 5 V outputs. In designs using identical chokes, the pulse width manages the ratio.

With the Pentium 4 and newer computer generations, the voltage for the CPU cores went below 2 V. Voltage drop on connectors forced the designers to place such buck converters next to the device. Higher maximum power consumption required the buck converters no longer fed from the 5 V and changed to a 12 V input, to decrease the current required from the power supply.

Entry-Level Power Supply Specification (EPS) is a power supply unit meant for high-power-consumption computers and entry-level servers. Developed by the Server System Infrastructure (SSI) forum, a group of companies including Intel, Dell, Hewlett-Packard and others, that works on server standards, the EPS form factor is a derivative of the ATX form factor. The latest specification is v2.93.

The EPS standard provides a more powerful and stable environment for critical server-based systems and applications. EPS power supplies have a 24-pin motherboard power connector and an eight-pin +12 V connector. The standard also specifies two additional four-pin 12 V connectors for more power-hungry boards (one required on 700–800 W PSUs, both required on 850 W+ PSUs). EPS power supplies are in principle compatible with standard ATX or ATX12V motherboards found in homes and offices but there may be mechanical issues where the 12 V connector and in the case of older boards connector overhang the sockets.

The rule was intended to set a safe limit on the current able to pass through any single output wire. A sufficiently large current can cause serious damage in the event of a short circuit, or can melt the wire or its insulation in the case of a fault, or potentially start a fire or damage other components. The rule limits each output to below 20 amps, with typical supplies guaranteeing 18 A availability. Power supplies capable of delivering more than 18 A at 12 V would provide their output in groups of cables (called "rails"). Each rail delivers up to a limited amount of current through one or more cables, and each rail is independently controlled by its own current sensor which shuts down the supply upon excess current. Unlike a fuse or circuit breaker, these limits reset as soon as the overload is removed. Typically, a power supply will guarantee at least 17 A at 12 V by having a current limit of 18.5 A ± 8%. Thus, it is guaranteed to supply at least 17 A, and guaranteed to cut off before 20 A. The current limits for each group of cables is then documented so the user can avoid placing too many high-current loads in the same group.

Originally at the time of ATX 2.0, a power supply featuring "multiple +12 V rails" implied one able to deliver more than 20 A of +12 V power, and was seen as a good thing. However, people found the need to balance loads across many +12 V rails inconvenient, especially as higher-end PSUs began to deliver far greater currents up to around 2000 W, or more than 150 A at 12 V (compared to the 240 or 500 W of earlier times). When the assignment of connectors to rails is done at manufacturing time it is not always possible to move a given load to a different rail or manage the allocation of current across devices.

Rather than add more current limit circuits, many manufacturers chose to ignore the requirement and increase the current limits above 20 A per rail, or provided "single-rail" power supplies that omit the current limit circuitry. (In some cases, in violation of their own advertising claims to include it.

The requirement was withdrawn as a result, however, the issue left its mark on PSU designs, which can be categorized into single rail and multiple rail designs. Both may (and often do) contain current limiting controllers. As of ATX 2.31, a single rail design"s output current can be drawn through any combination of output cables, and the management and safe allocation of that load is left for the user. A multiple rail design does the same, but limits the current supplied to each individual connector (or group of connectors), and the limits it imposes are the manufacturer"s choice rather than set by the ATX standard.

Since 2011, Fujitsu and other tier-1 manufacturersDC-to-DC conversion, providing 5 V and 3.3 V, is done on the motherboard; the proposal is that 5 V and 12 V supply for other devices, such as HDDs, will be picked up at the motherboard rather than from the PSU itself, although this does not appear to be fully implemented as of January 2012

The reasons given for this approach to power supply are that it eliminates cross-load problems, simplifies and reduces internal wiring that can affect airflow and cooling, reduces costs, increases power supply efficiency, and reduces noise by bringing the power supply fan speed under the control of the motherboard.

At least two of Dell"s business PCs introduced in 2013, the OptiPlex 9020 and Precision T1700, ship with 12 V–only power supplies and implement 5 V and 3.3 V conversion exclusively on the motherboard. Afterwards, Lenovo ThinkCentre M93P adopts 12 V–only PSU and performs 5 V and 3.3 V conversion exclusively on the IS8XM motherboard.

In 2019 Intel released a new standard based on an all-12V design: ATX12VO. The power supply only provides 12 V voltage output;USB, hard disk drive and other devices, are transformed on the motherboard; and the ATX motherboard connector is reduced from 24-pin to 10-pin. Called ATX12VO, it"s not expected to replace current standards but to exist alongside it.CES 2020, FSP Group showed the first prototype based on the new ATX12VO standard.

According to the Single Rail Power Supply ATX12VO design guide officially published by Intel in May 2020, the guide listed the details of 12V-only design and the major benefit which included higher efficiency and lower electrical interruption.

The overall power draw on a PSU is limited by the fact that all of the supply rails come through one transformer and any of its primary side circuitry, like switching components. Total power requirements for a personal computer may range from 250 W to more than 1000 W for a high-performance computer with multiple graphics cards. Personal computers without especially high performing CPUs or graphics cards usually require 300 to 500 W.system power consumption. This protects against system performance degradation, and against power supply overloading. Power supplies label their total power output, and label how this is determined by the electric current limits for each of the voltages supplied. Some power supplies have no-overload protection.

The system power consumption is a sum of the power ratings for all of the components of the computer system that draw on the power supply. Some graphics cards (especially multiple cards) and large groups of hard drives can place very heavy demands on the 12 V lines of the PSU, and for these loads, the PSU"s 12 V rating is crucial. The total 12 V rating on the power supply must be higher than the current required by such devices so that the PSU can fully serve the system when its other 12 V system components are taken into account. The manufacturers of these computer system components, especially graphics cards, tend to over-rate their power requirements, to minimize support issues due to too low of a power supply.

Various initiatives exist to improve the efficiency of computer power supplies. Climate Savers Computing Initiative promotes energy saving and reduction of greenhouse gas emissions by encouraging development and use of more efficient power supplies. 80 Plus certifies a variety of efficiency levels for power supplies and encourages their use via financial incentives. Efficient power supplies also save money by wasting less power; as a result, they use less electricity to power the same computer, and they emit less waste heat which results significant energy savings on central air conditioning in the summer. The gains of using an efficient power supply are more substantial in computers that use a lot of power.

Although a power supply with a larger than needed power rating will have an extra margin of safety against overloading, such a unit is often less efficient and wastes more electricity at lower loads than a more appropriately sized unit. For example, a 900-watt power supply with the 80 Plus Silver efficiency rating (which means that such a power supply is designed to be at least 85% efficient for loads above 180 W) may only be 73% efficient when the load is lower than 100 W, which is a typical idle power for a desktop computer. Thus, for a 100 W load, losses for this supply would be 27 W; if the same power supply was put under a 450 W load, for which the supply"s efficiency peaks at 89%, the loss would be only 56 W despite supplying 4.5 times the useful power.80 Plus Bronze efficiency rating (which means that such a power supply is designed to be at least 82% efficient for loads above 100 W) may provide an 84% efficiency for a 100 W load, wasting only 19 W.[1]

A power supply that is self-certified by its manufacturer may claim output ratings double or more than what is actually provided.at well below the total rating of the power supply. Many power supplies create their 3.3 V output by down-regulating their 5 V rail, or create 5 V output by down-regulating their 12 V rails. The two rails involved are labeled on the power supply with a combined current limit. For example, the 5 V and 3.3 V rails are rated with a combined total current limit. For a description of the potential problem, a 3.3 V rail may have a 10 A rating by itself (33 W), and the 5 V rail may have a 20 A rating (100 W) by itself, but the two together may only be able to output 110 W. In this case, loading the 3.3 V rail to maximum (33 W), would leave the 5 V rail only able to output 77 W.

As of 2012 some high-end consumer PSUs can exceed 90% efficiency at optimal load levels, though will fall to 87–89% efficiency during heavy or light loads. Google"s server power supplies are more than 90% efficient.HP"s server power supplies have reached 94% efficiency.

The energy efficiency of a power supply drops significantly at low loads. Therefore, it is important to match the capacity of a power supply to the power needs of the computer. Efficiency generally peaks at about 50–75% load. The curve varies from model to model (examples of how this curve looks can be seen on test reports of energy-efficient models found on the 80 Plus website Archived 2010-08-28 at the Wayback Machine).

Most desktop personal computer power supplies are a square metal box, and have a large bundle of wires emerging from one end. Opposite the wire bundle is the back face of the power supply, with an air vent and an IEC 60320 C14 connector to supply AC power. There may be a power switch and/or a voltage selector switch. Historically they were mounted on the upper part of the computer case, and had two fans: one, inside the case, pulling air towards the power supply, and another, extracting air from the power supply to the outside. Many power supplies have a single large fan inside the case, and are mounted on the bottom part of the case. The fan may be always on, or turn on and vary its speed depending on the load. Some have no fans, and so are cooled completely passively.

A label on one side of the box lists technical information about the power supply, including safety certifications and maximum output power. Common certification marks for safety are the UL mark, GS mark, TÜV, NEMKO, SEMKO, DEMKO, FIMKO, CCC, CSA, VDE, GOST R mark and BSMI. Common certificate marks for EMI/RFI are the CE mark, FCC and C-tick. The CE mark is required for power supplies sold in Europe and India. A RoHS or 80 Plus can also sometimes be seen.

Some power supplies come with sleeved cables, which besides being more aesthetically pleasing, also make wiring easier and have a less detrimental effect on airflow.

ATX motherboard power connector (usually called P1): This is the connector that goes to the motherboard to provide it with power. The connector has 20 or 24 pins. One of the pins belongs to the PS-ON wire (it is usually green). This connector is the largest of all the connectors. In older AT power supplies, this connector was split in two: P8 and P9. A power supply with a 24-pin connector can be used on a motherboard with a 20-pin connector. In cases where the motherboard has a 24-pin connector, some power supplies come with two connectors (one with 20-pin and other with 4-pin, i.e. 20+4-pin form) which can be used together to form the 24-pin connector.

12V only power connector (labelled P1, though it is not compatible with the ATX 20 or 24 pin connector): This is a 10 or 16-pin Molex connector supplying the motherboard with three or six 12 V lines with common returns, a "supply OK" signal, a "PSU ON" signal and a 12 or 11 V auxiliary supply. One pin is left unused.

ATX12V 4-pin power connector (also called the P4 power connector). A second connector that goes to the motherboard (in addition to the 24-pin ATX motherboard connector) to supply dedicated power for the processor. 4+4-pin For the purpose of backwards compatibility, some connectors designed for high-end motherboards and processors, more power is required, therefore EPS12V has an 8-pin connector.

4-pin peripheral power connector 4-pin Peripheral power connectors: These are the other, smaller connectors that go to the various disk drives of the computer. Most of them have four wires: two black, one red, and one yellow. Unlike the US standard mains electrical wire color-coding, each black wire is a ground, the red wire is +5 V, and the yellow wire is +12 V. In some cases these are also used to provide additional power to PCI cards such as FireWire 800 cards.

4-pin Molex (Japan) Ltd power connectors (usually called Mini-connector, mini-Molex, or floppy drive with power. In some cases, it can be used as an auxiliary connector for Accelerated Graphics Port (AGP) video cards. Its cable configuration is similar to the Peripheral connector.

Auxiliary power connectors: There are several types of auxiliary connectors, usually in 6-pin form, designed to provide additional power if it is needed.

6-pin Most modern computer power supplies include six-pin connectors that are generally used for PCI Express graphics cards, but a newly introduced eight-pin connector should be seen on the latest model power supplies. Each PCI Express 6-pin connector can output a maximum of 75 W.

6+2-pin For the purpose of backwards compatibility, some connectors designed for use with high end PCI Express graphics cards feature this kind of pin configuration. It allows either a six-pin card or an eight-pin card to be connected by using two separate connection modules wired into the same sheath: one with six pins and another with two pins. Each PCI Express 8-pin connector can output a maximum of 150 W.

12-pin for PCI Express graphics cards, each PCI Express 12-pin connector can output a maximum of 648 W (12V, 9A), 2 150 W 8-pin can be combined via an adapter cable to form one 648 W 12-pin.

16-pin (12VHPWR) for PCI Express graphics cards, each PCI Express 16-pin connector can output a maximum of 662 W (12V, 9.2A), 12 power pins, 4 contact pins. Introduced on ATX 3.0.

A modular power supply provides a detachable cable system, offering the ability to remove unused connections at the expense of a small amount of extra electrical resistance introduced by the additional connector.EPS, though newer supplies marketed as "fully modular" allow even these to be disconnected. The pin assignment of the detachable cables is only standardized on the output end and not on the end that is to be connected to the power supply. Thus, the cables of a modular power supply must only be used with this particular modular power supply model. Usage with another modular power supply, even if the cable prima facie appear compatible, might result in a wrong pin assignment and thus can lead to damage of connected components by supplying 12V to a 5V or 3.3V pin.

The Small Form Factor with a 12 V connector (SFX12V) configuration has been optimized for small form factor (SFF) system layouts such as microATX. The low profile of the power supply fits easily into these systems.

The Thin Form Factor with a 12 V connector (TFX12V) configuration has been optimized for small and low profile Mini ITX and Mini DTX system layouts. The long narrow profile of the power supply fits easily into low profile systems. The cooling fan placement can be used to efficiently exhaust air from the processor and core area of the motherboard, making possible smaller, more efficient systems using common industry components.

Most portable computers have power supplies that provide 25 to 200 W. In portable computers (such as laptops) there is usually an external power supply (sometimes referred to as a "power brick" due to its similarity, in size, shape and weight, to a real brick) which converts AC power to one DC voltage (most commonly 19 V), and further DC-DC conversion occurs within the laptop to supply the various DC voltages required by the other components of the portable computer.

External power supply could send data about itself (power, current and voltage ratings) to the computer. For example, genuine Dell power source uses 1-Wire protocol to send data by third wire to the laptop. The laptop then refuses a non-matching adapter.

Life span is usually specified in mean time between failures (MTBF), where higher MTBF ratings indicate longer device life and better reliability. Using higher quality electrical components at less than their maximum ratings or providing better cooling can contribute to a higher MTBF rating because lower stress and lower operating temperatures decrease component failure rates.

Power supplies for servers, industrial control equipment, or other places where reliability is important may be hot swappable, and may incorporate N+1 redundancy and uninterruptible power supply; if N power supplies are required to meet the load requirement, one extra is installed to provide redundancy and allow for a faulty power supply to be replaced without downtimes.

24-pin ATX motherboard power plug; pins 11, 12, 23 and 24 form a detachable separate four-pin plug, making it backward compatible with 20-pin ATX receptacles

A "power supply tester" is a tool used to test the functionality of a computer"s power supply. Testers can confirm the presence of the correct voltages at each power supply connector. Testing under load is recommended for the most accurate readings.

The voltage of the PSU can be monitored by the system monitor of most modern motherboards.BIOS, or, once an operating system is running, through a system monitor software like lm_sensors on Linux, envstat on NetBSD, sysctl hw.sensors on OpenBSD and DragonFly BSD, or SpeedFan on Windows.

Most of power supply fans are not connected to the speed sensor on the motherboard and so cannot be monitored, but some high-end PSU can provide digital control and monitoring, and this requires connection to the fan-speed sensor or USB port on the motherboard.

Torres, Gabriel (2008-03-15). "How Much Power Can a Generic 500 W Power Supply Really Deliver?". Hardwaresecrets.com. Archived from the original on 2008-05-11. Retrieved 2009-03-28. Our generic 500 W power supply died when we tried pulling 275 W from it, so the maximum amount of power we could extract was 250 W – half the labeled amount!

Nathan Kirsch (2005-03-30). Skyhawk PSU ATX12V & EPS12V Compliance. Legit Reviews. Retrieved 2009-09-24. On the front of the box it says "Triple Rails for +12V" and then goes on to say "Intel ATX 12V Version 2.0 & EPS 12V Version 2.1". It turns out from our investigation that the above power supplies do not meet the ATX12V or EPS12V standards as the packaging claims.

"What is PSU Efficiency and Why is it Important? | Velocity Micro Blog". Custom Gaming & Enthusiast PC Blog | Velocity Micro. 2019-06-12. Retrieved 2020-11-01.

Oklahoma Wolf (September 14, 2007), The Bargain Basement Power Supply Rounup, jonnyGURU.com, archived from the original on July 23, 2009, retrieved 2008-01-31

Rutter, Daniel (2008-09-27). "Lemon-fresh power supplies". dansdata.com. Retrieved 2008-09-28. The lemon-market in PC power supplies has now officially become bad enough that no-name generic "500W" PSUs may actually barely even be able to deliver 250 watts. A realistic constant rating for these units is more like 200 watts. So the capacity inflation factor"s hit 2.5, and it"s still rising.

Murenin, Constantine A. (2007-04-17). Generalised Interfacing with Microprocessor System Hardware Monitors. Proceedings of 2007 IEEE International Conference on Networking, Sensing and Control, 15–17 April 2007. London, United Kingdom: IEEE. pp. 901–906. doi:10.1109/ICNSC.2007.372901. ISBN 978-1-4244-1076-7. IEEE ICNSC 2007, pp. 901—906.

The ARP690 supports standard ATX form factor motherboard as well as Extended ATX motherboard (EATX on 3.5" drive configuration only). This ensure that the chassis can always meet the need of your add-on cards configuration as well as processors choice. Whether it is ISA, PCI, PCI-X, PCI-E or combination of all of the above; the chassis can be fitted for 7 full length and height card slots. The chassis comes with integrated 21.5" 16:9 widescreen LED backlight LCD panel with 1920x1080 Full HD resolution. The display can accommodate the latest graphic card to provide fast refreshing video playback, editing and vast desktop space with wide angle viewing capability.

Another integral part of the chassis is the first option of having 6x 5.25" drive bay; this allows the chassis to mount large amount of instrumentation connections or convert to large amount of removable storage (with aftermarket kit to provide up to

9x 3.5" Enterprise SATA/SAS drives or up to 30x 2.5" SATA drives). Another option is the 10x 3.5" drive bay configuration which can also host large amount of storage (up to 20x 2.5" SATA drives) and at the same time provide room for Extended ATX form factor dual processors system board. There is also an integrated slim optical drive bay, 2x 120mm cooling fan and a combination keyboard touchpad that folds into the chassis and doubles as an additional protection for the display.

output adjustable via potentiometer; 3 in 1 dimming (0~10Vdc or 10V PWM signal or resistance, dim-to-off); smart timer dimming; DALI; auxiliary DC output (ELG-150 BE-Type)

output adjustable via potentiometer; 3 in 1 dimming (0~10Vdc or 10V PWM signal or resistance, dim-to-off); smart timer dimming; DALI; auxiliary DC output (ELG-150-C BE-Type)

This is a general Wiki to describe the most commonly found boards inside a LCD TV. The boards are common to most TV’s but there are manufacturers and models that may either have a variation of the boards or added additional boards for further function. Those would have to be assessed and evaluated by utilizing the service manual for the specific model.

When the TV is connected to an AC supply and turned on,the TV power supply board will received the AC voltage input. From this the power supply board will generate the Standby Voltage 5V (5VSTB) and send it to the Main board. At this stage there will be no further voltages except the 5VSTB.

When the Main Board receives the 5V standby voltage from teh power supply board, it will be routed through a voltage regulator IC or DC-DC circuit to generate a 3.3V voltage. The 3.3V will be supplied to the MCU (microcontroller unit) IC, CPU and the Front Panel board. Now we can see the standby LED light is lit and the TV is in the Standby Mode now.

After pressing the power on switch button, the Main board will send out the Power On signal (PS_ON, PWR_ON or etc marking code) to power supply board. This PS_ON signal will send to Power Supply board PFC section and then the PWM section to generate other voltage outputs like 24V, 12V, 5V, 3.3V etc.to Main board, T-con board and (if present) to the Inverter board/section. Finally the TV can show the display now.

For this Wiki a Samsung LS32D85K was used for demonstration purposes. More on the repair of this model can be found on here Samsung LS32D85KTSR Power Supply Replacement

Once the back panel is removed from the TV now, each type of flat panel TV will have a distinct set of parts. LCD TV’s typically contain these circuit boards:

define what a power supply is and you will most likely get a response such as ‘that box plugged into the mains that powers my equipment’. That’s the function but what it’s doing is very complex. It’s taking raw AC from the mains, normally compatible with any supply voltage in the world (with its tolerances, dips and spikes) and converting it to a stable lower DC voltage. It will incorporate a feedback loop to keep the output voltage constant with changes in input voltage and output load current. Fast load steps will be reacted to within a designed control loop response time with minimal consequential output voltage transients. It will provide safety isolation to the highest statutory level for the highest standard mains voltage and will remain safe to a minimum level, even with a single component failure. It will have controlled radiated and conducted noise emissions to statutory levels and be immune to noise from other sources. A good design will have various levels of protection against single internal faults that might potentially cause output over- voltage, chains of multiple component failures, excessive temperatures, electric shock or even fire.

The Main board also sometimes called the motherboard (comparison is made with a computer motherboard) is the circuit board with the audio and video inputs and outputs connected to it. This is the brains of a TV and can generally be divided into four main functions:

1. Through the CPU and MCU (microcontroller unit) processors it controls the system via multiple signals. For example it is the main board that tells the power board to turn on the backlight; it tells the panel when to turn on/off etc.

2. Process different types of video signal inputs as is evident by the multitude of video connectors i.e. HDMI, COAX, Component etc. It is the Main board that converts these video signals into an RSDS type video signals which is then send to the T-con board via the flat ribbon LVDS cables.

4. The Main board contains a large DC-DC section. It is here where after receiving the power from the power supply board the appropriate voltage for the rest of the system will be determined. Tuner voltages, CPU and GPU as well as the RAM voltage etc., get controlled from here. If the TV should poses 3D or Wi-Fi capacity the Main board will also be in control of those peripheries.

Stable and reliable power input for your valuable system with Advantech! We offer a comprehansive selection of high efficiency power suppies, from ATX Power Supply, DIN-Rail Power Supply, Redundant Power Supply, Open Frame Power Supply, and Adapters. All of our Power Supplies are designed for industrial applications, which have long product life times, enhanced components, and are able to work under wide temperature ranges. Furthermore, we provide a friendly policy on MOQ and modification.