Roofing screws are available in carbon steel and hardened steel. And, as they are most commonly used for outdoor applications, they have a coating that protects them from the elements and stops rusting. They’re available in gauge sizes ranging from 4 to 6.3mm and lengths ranging from 16 to 120mm.

In this section, we list the popular types that can be used for various jobs and materials for professionals and DIYers.

Hinge screws are available in carbon steel or steel. Gauge sizes range from 3.5 to 5.5mm, and lengths range from 10.5 to 50mm.

Do you need to remove existing screws first? If you’re removing existing screws before fitting new, check the screw head type to ensure you have compatible tools. If they’re rusty and difficult to remove, try striking them on the head with a hammer to loosen the rust, then apply a lubricant such as WD-40. Leave that to work for a while, then try to remove it again. If the screw is at risk of stripping, re-cut notches into the head to give the screwdriver a better grip. And if that also fails, heat the screw with a blowtorch or something similar (as long as the surrounding material is non-flammable) and cool it quickly with water. This will cause the rust to crack away.

The screws you choose will depend on the task. Things to consider are the thickness, density, and strength of the substrate material, the size and weight of the load they need to hold, and the risk of the material tearing or splitting.

Drywall screws are used to attach plasterboard to light steel, wooden studs, or metal partitions. They’re typically lighter and have deeper threads than other types, enabling them to grip plasterboard securely and a sharp point so pre-drilling isn’t required. Types of screw heads for drywall screws include bugle, wafer, and countersunk. A bugle head sits flush with the plasterboard’s surface, a wafer head sits above the surface, and a countersunk head sits below the surface.

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Masonry screws (also called concrete screws) are self-tapping screws that are perfect for fixing materials directly into stone, masonry, and concrete without needing wall plugs. They have deep, wide threads, ensuring a secure fit once installed. Often used to fix timber, uPVC frames, pipes, and cable housing into masonry. The type of screw heads available for masonry screws include countersunk, double self-countersunk, flange, flat, pan, raised, and wafer.

A huge selection is available for a wide range of applications. They can be classified by the type of material they’re made from, such as brass, stainless steel, carbon steel, etc., their size (diameter and length) and the different screw head types, drive types and thread types.

M3 m4 screw

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The first number on a screw refers to its diameter, and the second number refers to its length. So, for example, a 4 x 40mm screw is 4mm in diameter and 40mm in length.

Woodscrews are designed to join two pieces of wood, such as hardwood, softwood, MDF, and chipboard. They feature a large sharp point to enable them to dig into wood easily and a tapered shank. They're available in different lengths and gauge sizes to suit different thicknesses and densities of wood. PZ and Torx drive heads are the most popular types, but they come in various other drive types too. Woodscrew head types include countersunk, double self-countersunk, flat and rounded.

Screws are mainly used to hold two or more pieces of material or objects together. For example, to join pieces of wood, fix plasterboard to wooden battens, secure a picture or curtain pole to a wall or attach hinges to doors. And they can be used for DIY projects and professional use.

What quantity is needed? Screws are often sold singularly or in packs of varying quantities. Check how many you’ll need before you buy, as you can often save money by buying larger packs. And if you are a tradesperson who uses them frequently, buying trade packs of screws will save you money and time on repeat visits to the store.

Screw head drive types refer to the shape of the slots in the screw’s head. There are many screw drive types available. Here are some of the most common:

Screws

It’s essential that the screws you use are compatible with the type of material you are screwing into, as using the wrong type can cause them to bend, break or work themselves loose. Using the right screws for the material will ensure they have a firm grip. Also, consider the thickness of the material as this dictates the gauge and length of screw required.

Self-tapping and drilling screws are available in steel, carbon steel, and stainless steel. Gauge sizes range from 3.5 to 6.3mm, and lengths range from 12 to 120mm. Top things to consider:

The most common size for woodscrews is the 8 gauge screw, which is 4mm in diameter. But the size of the screw you choose will always depend on the task and materials you are working on.

Using hand and power tools to insert and remove screws comes with some risks, so it’s essential to consider how to protect yourself. For example, inserting screws into wood or masonry using a power drill may produce shooting debris and dust. So, consider wearing PPE such as goggles, gloves, and dust masks where necessary.

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Each type of screw head must be turned using a compatible screwdriver or drill bit. Slotted drives are the most common, but they don’t provide much torque compared to the other types. Generally, the best screw head types have multiple contact points with the screwdriver/drill bit, as they provide more torque.

Woodscrews are available in a range of materials such as carbon steel, hardened steel, zinc, stainless steel and solid brass. Brass is usually chosen for its appearance when combined with brass ironmongery such as hinges and door handles. Stainless steel is ideal for areas exposed to moisture, and carbon and hardened steel can be fitted without needing pre-drilled holes. In addition, all wood screw materials have high levels of corrosion resistance. They are available in gauge sizes ranging from 3 to 8mm and lengths from 12 to 300mm.

Timber screws are specially designed for use on timber. They have an aggressive, coarse thread that grips wood securely into place. They come in various gauges, head and drive types, and sizes, meaning there is a choice of screw for any task.

This screws buying guide explains what screws are used for, how they work, and how to choose the right type. It then looks at the different types in detail and the safety equipment you need when using them. Finally, it highlights some key things to consider before buying and answers some frequently asked questions.

Roofing screws are designed for attaching sheet metal to steel or wood as well as for other general exterior construction tasks. But they can also be used on internal jobs. The flanged (or washered) type of heads have a built-in washer that’s designed to reduce vibrations and stop the screws from loosening. And there are self-drilling and timber varieties available.

For example, the length should be long enough to securely hold the materials together but not so long that it passes through the other side. They should be thick enough not to be bent out of shape by hard materials but not so thick that they will split delicate materials.

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Threadsize

To remove a rusted screw, strike it on the head with a hammer to loosen the rust, then apply a lubricant such as WD-40. Leave it to work for a while, then try to remove the screw again. If that hasn't worked and the screw is at risk of stripping, re-cut notches into the screw's head to give the screwdriver a better grip. And if that also fails, heat the screw with a blowtorch or something similar (as long as the surrounding material is non-flammable) and cool it quickly with water. This will cause the rust to crack away.

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Hinge screws are specifically designed to fit hinges. They have shanks that ensure a balanced and straight insertion which helps prevent them from snapping or working loose. They are available in various colours to match different shades of hinges. Types of screw heads for hinge screws include countersunk and pan.

American screwsize

Those listed above are the most popular types, but there are other more specialist and less popular screw types available, such as:

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Masonry screws are available in zinc, carbon steel, hardened steel, and high tensile steel. They have an anti-corrosive coating and are tarnish-resistant, making them suitable for outdoor use. They’re available in gauge sizes ranging from 3 to 10mm and lengths ranging from 16 to 200mm.

Screw gauge refers to the diameter of the shank on a screw. It's measured using an imperial system that ranks the size with a number from 1 to 20. The higher the gauge, the bigger the screw.

Security screws (also called tamper-proof screws) have special types of screw heads, which make them impossible to remove without specialist tools. They are a low-cost way of deterring thieves and vandals. Different head types include button heads and countersunk.

These are available in carbon steel, hardened steel, zinc, and stainless steel. And, as they are most commonly used for outdoor applications, they often have a coating that protects them from the elements and stops rusting. They're available in gauge sizes ranging from 3 to 10mm and lengths ranging from 16 to 300mm. Timber screw head types include countersunk, double self-countersunk, flange, cylindrical, flat, socket, and wafer.

Screws work by holding materials together. To do this, the screw’s head, which acts as a lever, is turned using a screwdriver or drill compatible with the type of screw head. This rotational motion or force is converted into a strong forward or linear force that, with the help of a spiral thread, drives the point of the screw into the material.

Electrical screws are designed for attaching electrical sockets, switches, and cable trunking to walls and metal. Their thread provides an ultra-strong fix because they are inserted right up to the head and will not work loose. Screw head types include raised and flat pan heads.

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10g vs 12gscrews

The table below shows how imperial gauge sizes relate to metric screw sizes and gives the clearance and pilot hole sizes needed for each gauge size:

Made from steel or carbon steel, and either bright zinc-plated or with a black-phosphate coating. They're available in gauge sizes ranging from 3.5 to 4.8mm and lengths ranging from 13 to 100mm.

UNF thread

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Different types of screw heads are available because, over time, manufacturers have developed new heads to improve upon previous designs. The improvements were made to increase a screwdriver or drill bits grip, provide more torque, so screws are easier to insert, and prevent the head from camming out (i.e., getting damaged and making it impossible for a screwdriver to grip it).

Available in steel, carbon steel, hardened steel, and stainless steel. Gauge sizes range from 3.5 to 4.5mm, and lengths range from 25 to 75mm.

Yes, longer screws are stronger compared to using short screws. When choosing screw length, the general rule is to ensure the screw enters at least half the thickness of the bottom piece of material.

Decking screws are available in carbon steel, hardened steel, zinc, and stainless steel. These are all resistant to moisture and corrosion. And they're available in gauge sizes ranging from 3 to 6.7mm and lengths ranging from 16 to 200mm.

Screw diameter

Suitable for fixing a wide range of flooring, including softwood, hardwood, and fibreboard. They are specially designed to prevent floorboards from splitting. All flooring screws have countersunk heads.

Decking screws are specifically designed to join deck boards to decking joists. They have a braking fin on the thread, just under the screw head, that locks the screw in place, making the joint more secure than standard woodscrews. Decking screws come in various colours to match different deck board shades. Deck screw head types include countersunk, double self-countersunk, flange, pan, wafer, cylindrical, flat, and mushroom.

Self-tapping screws are screws that create their own thread as they are driven into a material, ensuring a strong, tight fit. They are best used in soft materials such as softwoods and plastic. A pilot hole that’s slightly smaller in diameter needs to be pre-drilled before fitting.

What project are they needed for? Before buying screws, consider the type of project you need them for. Although some are designed for multipurpose use, others are more specialised and are designed for specific applications. Using the right type for the job will ensure they can take the load and stay securely in place.

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Screwsizechart

Self-drilling screws, on the other hand, don’t require a pilot hole, as they pre-drill and fasten in one motion, making it easier and quicker to complete projects. They are suitable for attaching sheet metal to steel.

Commonly made from nickel-plated brass and stainless steel. Gauge sizes range from 3.5 to 5.5mm, and lengths range from 16 to 75mm.