If the IC 74180 is operated as an odd parity checker and an error occurs in the data stream. The output "odd sum" will be low and the output "even sum" will be high.

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An even parity generator is a type of parity generator in which the parity bit, either a 0 or a 1 is added to the original data so that the final digital code contains an even number of 1s, including the parity bit.

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Similarly, consider another 4-bit data code 01100 (LSB 0 is the parity bit). This code contains the even number of 1s i.e., only two 1s are there. In this case, the odd parity checker will show that the code has an error.

The Boolean expression of the 4-bit even parity generator can be obtained by simplifying its truth table, which is given below.

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An odd parity checker is a combinational logic circuit that checks and verifies whether the received data is correct as per the odd parity system.

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In digital signal processing, an additional bit either 0 or 1 is added to the original binary or digital code to detect and correct any kind of errors in the data that can occur during transmission. This additional bit is called a parity bit.

Similarly, consider another digital code 0111. In this case, the total number of 1s in the code is three (odd). If we input this code to an even parity generator, the generator’s output will be 01111, containing even number of 1s. Where, the LSB 1 is the parity bit.

From this truth table, we can observe that if CP = 1, the code contains an even number of 1s and hence, there is an error occurred in the code during transmission.

This is all about the even parity generator and odd parity generator. Both of these types of parity generators are used in digital systems to implement different types of parity systems depending on the needs of the applications.

A parity generator/checker IC is a small device which is used to detect errors in data streams transmitted over a communication channel. There are several different parity generator/checker IC available in the market, but one most commonly used is 74180 IC.

Therefore, we can state that total number of 1s in the output of an even parity generator including the parity bit is even.

Parity checkers are used at the receiver end of the communication channel. It receives the transmitted data from the communication channel. This data includes the original message code and the parity bit.

The following examples illustrate the applications of parity generators and checkers in various digital electronic applications −

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In this circuit, three XOR gates are connected together to add the four bits of the input data and the sum bit is then complemented to obtain the odd parity bit.

A combinational logic circuit that can generate the parity bit according to the original digital code is known as a parity bit generator or parity generator.

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The major limitation of parity bit error detection technique is that it can check only a single-bit error, but cannot check a multi bit error.

The parity checker is an essential component in the digital communication systems to ensure the correctness and integrity of data. It also provides a simple and effective method for error detection.

In this truth table, if CP = 1, there will be an error in the received code. If CP = 0, there is no error in the received code.

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When a digital signal is received at the receiver end, a parity checker circuit generates an error signal if the total number of 1s is an odd number in an even parity scheme or an even number in an odd parity scheme.

In digital systems, like digital communication and storage systems, the parity generator and checker are essential components that provide a robust method for error detection and correction in transmitted and retrieved data streams. Thus, parity generator/checker helps to ensure data integrity, reliability, and security of digital data.

On the other hand, if we add a parity bit i.e., 0 or 1 to the original binary code and this makes the total number of 1s in the code an odd number, then it is called an odd parity.

After that, the parity checker counts the number of 1s in the data code and compares this number with the expected code to determine whether there is any error or not. If there is any error in the received data, the parity checker takes an appropriate action like request to retransmit the data.

In the case of even parity, we add a parity bit 0 to the original code to make the number of 1s an even number in the code.

The even parity checker counts and verifies that the received data contains an even number of 1s, including the parity bit.

First, a parity generator reads the input data and calculates the parity bit accordingly. Once the parity bit is generated, it is added to the original data code. This gives an output code which is the original code with a newly generated parity bit.

In the field of digital electronics, it is very important to ensure the data integrity. For this purpose, we have two digital circuits namely, parity generator and parity checker. Both these circuits help us to detect and correct any kind of error in transmitted data.

It consists of eight input lines labeled from A to H, two cascading input lines labeled as "even" and "odd", and two output lines designated as "even sum" and "odd sum".

For example, consider a 4-bit data code 01101 (LSB 1 is the parity bit). In this code, the number of 1s are odd (three). Thus, the odd parity checker will show that the code is error free.

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A type of parity generator that adds a parity bit to a binary code so that the total number of 1s in the output code is an odd number, it is called an odd parity generator.

A combinational circuit that checks and verifies the correctness of the transmitted data by analyzing the parity bit is called a parity checker. The main function of a parity checker is to detect errors that can occur during data transmission.

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Consider a 4-bit digital code that is 0110. This code has even number of 1s (two). Therefore, if we input this code to an odd parity generator, the generator will add a 1 and produces a code 01101 as output. This resulting code has odd number of 1s, including the parity bit, and ensuring the odd parity system.

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For example, consider a digital code 0110. This code already contains the even number of 1s. Hence, if it is input to an even parity generator, the output of the parity generator will be 01100. Where, the LSB 0 is a parity bit added by the even parity generator.

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The 74180 Parity Generator/Checker IC is a 9-bit parity generator or checker device that is used in high-speed data transmission systems to detect errors.

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If the IC 74180 is operated as an even parity checker and there is a parity error in the received data. In this case, the output "even sum" will be low and the output "odd sum" will be high.

Consider a 4-bit digital code 00110 (having 0 as parity bit at LSB position), this code is received by the even parity checker. The parity checker will count the number of 1s in the code which is even (two). Thus, the parity checker shows that it is an error free code, where LSB 0 is the parity bit.

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In case, when we need to perform odd parity, then we add a 1 to end of the original code, we get 01011. Now, the total number of 1s in the code, including parity bit, is odd i.e., three 1s. This ensures that it is odd parity scheme.

Parity generators are extensively used in digital communication and storage systems to check errors that can occur during transmission of data.

Similarly, consider another 4-bit code that is 0111. This code already contains odd number of 1s i.e., three 1s. Therefore, the odd parity generator will add a 0 as parity bit to it and gives an output code as 01110 to ensure the odd parity system.

This is all about parity generator or checker IC 74180. Let us now discuss the applications of parity generators/checkers.

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In this circuit, three XOR gates are connected together to add four data bits of the input code. The sum bit produced at the output will be the parity bit.

Parity generators are used in the transmitter circuit and parity checkers are used in the receiver circuit. Both these circuits are collectively used to ensure the reliability, integrity, and accuracy of data in various digital systems.

The parity generator is used at the transmitter end and generate and add a parity bit the original code before transmission.

If we add a 0 or a 1 to the original binary code and this makes the total number of 1s in the code an even number, then it is called an even parity.

The type of parity checker that verifies whether the received data is correct as per the even parity system is called an even parity checker.

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The addition of a parity bit to the original digital code makes the total number of 1s in the code either even or odd. Thus, on the basis of number 1s in the data, the parity can be classified into two types namely, even parity and odd parity.

Similarly, consider another 4-bit message code 01011 with a parity bit at the LSB place. This code contains odd number of 1s (three 1s). Hence, the even parity checker will show that the code has some error.

Suppose we have a decimal number say 5 and its BCD code is 0101. This code has total number of 1s are even, as it has two 1s.

A parity generator is a combinational logic circuit used to generate and add a parity to the input or transmitted data, while a parity checker is also a combinational circuit used to verify the correctness of received data.