very old pixelly display screens made in china

One of today’s modern technological wonders is the flat-panel liquid crystal display (LCD) screen, which is the key component we find inside televisions, computer monitors, smartphones, and an ever-proliferating range of gadgets that display information electronically.What most people don’t realize is how complex and sophisticated the manufacturing process is. The entire world’s supply is made within two time zones in East Asia. Unless, of course, the factory proposed by Foxconn for Wisconsin actually gets built.

Liquid crystal display (LCD) screens are manufactured by assembling a sandwich of two thin sheets of glass.On one of the sheets are transistor “cells” formed by first depositing a layer of indium tin oxide (ITO), an unusual metal alloy that you can actually see through.That’s how you can get electrical signals to the middle of a screen.Then you deposit a layer of silicon, followed by a process that builds millions of precisely shaped transistor parts.This patterning step is repeated to build up tiny little cells, one for each dot (known as a pixel) on the screen.Each step has to be precisely aligned to the previous one within a few microns.Remember, the average human hair is 40 microns in diameter.

The fab is enormous, 1.3 km from one end to the other, divided into three large buildings connected by bridges.LCD fabs are multi-story affairs.The main equipment floor is sandwiched between a ground floor that is filled with chemical pipelines, power distribution, and air handling equipment, and a third floor that also has a lot of air handling and other mechanical equipment.The main equipment floor has to provide a very stable environment with no vibrations, so an LCD fab typically uses far more structural steel in its construction than a typical skyscraper.I visited a Gen 5 fab in Taiwan in 2003, and the plant manager there told me they used three times as much structural steel as Taipei 101, which was the world’s tallest building from 2004- 2010.Since the equipment floor is usually one or two stories up, there are large loading docks on the outside of the building.When they bring the manufacturing equipment in, they load it onto a platform and hoist it with a crane on the outside of the building.That’s one way to recognize an LCD fab from the outside – loading docks on high floors that just open to the outdoors.

LCD fabs have to maintain strict standards of cleanliness inside.Any dust particles in the air could cause defects in the finished displays – tiny dark spots or uneven intensities on your screen.That means the air is passed through elaborate filtration systems and pushed downwards from the ceiling constantly.Workers have to wear special clean room protective clothing and scrub before entering to minimize dust particles or other contamination.People are the largest source of particles, from shedding dead skin cells, dust from cosmetic powders, or smoke particles exhaled from the lungs of workers who smoke.Clean rooms are rated by the number of particles per cubic meter of air.A class 100 cleanroom has less than 100 particles less than 0.3 microns in diameter per cubic meter of air, Class 10 has less than 10 particles, and so on. Fab 9 has hundeds of thousands of square meters of Class 100 cleanroom, and many critical areas like photolithography are Class 10.In comparison, the air in Harvard Square in Cambridge, MA is roughly Class 8,000,000, and probably gets substantially worse when an MBTA bus passes through.

Since most display manufacturing has to be done in a cleanroom and handling the glass requires such precision, the factory is heavily automated.As you watch the glass come in, it is placed into giant cassettes by robot handlers, and the cassettes are moved around throughout the factory.At each step, robots lift a piece of glass out of the cassette, and position it for the processing machines.Some of the machines, like the ones that deposit silicon or ITO, orient the glass vertically, and put them inside an enormous vacuum chamber where all the air is first pumped out before they can go to work.And then they somehow manage to deposit micrometer thin layers that are extremely uniform.It is a miracle that any of this stuff actually works.

Flat-panel displays are thin panels of glass or plastic used for electronically displaying text, images, or video. Liquid crystal displays (LCD), OLED (organic light emitting diode) and microLED displays are not quite the same; since LCD uses a liquid crystal that reacts to an electric current blocking light or allowing it to pass through the panel, whereas OLED/microLED displays consist of electroluminescent organic/inorganic materials that generate light when a current is passed through the material. LCD, OLED and microLED displays are driven using LTPS, IGZO, LTPO, and A-Si TFT transistor technologies as their backplane using ITO to supply current to the transistors and in turn to the liquid crystal or electroluminescent material. Segment and passive OLED and LCD displays do not use a backplane but use indium tin oxide (ITO), a transparent conductive material, to pass current to the electroluminescent material or liquid crystal. In LCDs, there is an even layer of liquid crystal throughout the panel whereas an OLED display has the electroluminescent material only where it is meant to light up. OLEDs, LCDs and microLEDs can be made flexible and transparent, but LCDs require a backlight because they cannot emit light on their own like OLEDs and microLEDs.

Liquid-crystal display (or LCD) is a thin, flat panel used for electronically displaying information such as text, images, and moving pictures. They are usually made of glass but they can also be made out of plastic. Some manufacturers make transparent LCD panels and special sequential color segment LCDs that have higher than usual refresh rates and an RGB backlight. The backlight is synchronized with the display so that the colors will show up as needed. The list of LCD manufacturers:

Organic light emitting diode (or OLED displays) is a thin, flat panel made of glass or plastic used for electronically displaying information such as text, images, and moving pictures. OLED panels can also take the shape of a light panel, where red, green and blue light emitting materials are stacked to create a white light panel. OLED displays can also be made transparent and/or flexible and these transparent panels are available on the market and are widely used in smartphones with under-display optical fingerprint sensors. LCD and OLED displays are available in different shapes, the most prominent of which is a circular display, which is used in smartwatches. The list of OLED display manufacturers:

MicroLED displays is an emerging flat-panel display technology consisting of arrays of microscopic LEDs forming the individual pixel elements. Like OLED, microLED offers infinite contrast ratio, but unlike OLED, microLED is immune to screen burn-in, and consumes less power while having higher light output, as it uses LEDs instead of organic electroluminescent materials, The list of MicroLED display manufacturers:

Sony produces and sells commercial MicroLED displays called CLEDIS (Crystal-LED Integrated Displays, also called Canvas-LED) in small quantities.video walls.

2015, sold to giantplus and tce photomasks, gen 3 still operated by giantplus, gen 4 line sold to giantplus, equipment sold and line demolished, remainder operated by tce

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"Samsung Display Considering Halting Some LCD Production Lines". 비즈니스코리아 - BusinessKorea. August 16, 2019. Archived from the original on April 5, 2020. Retrieved December 19, 2019.

Herald, The Korea (July 6, 2016). "Samsung Display accelerates transition from LCD to OLED". www.koreaherald.com. Archived from the original on April 1, 2018. Retrieved April 1, 2018.

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When the Tidbyt, which its creators describe as a “personal pixel display,” arrived at my house, I liked it before I even knew what to do with it. With its walnut paneling and its ultra-pixelated display, it kind of looks like what would happen if you asked someone in 1956 to design an Echo Show for Amazon. It’s 8.2 inches long, 4.4 inches tall, and two inches deep, which is a little big to put on your bedside table but nestles nicely into a bookshelf or on a larger desk. It’s an impressively well-made thing for a company’s first product.

But the thing about the $179 Tidbyt is that it never really becomes obvious what this device is for. It’s a clock but not an alarm clock. It’s a hilariously bad digital photo frame. It doesn’t do anything your phone can’t, and your phone definitely does all those things better. It’s an excellent delivery system for quick bits of ambient information, but if that doesn’t immediately mean anything to you, you don’t need a Tidbyt. Its charm is real and still hasn’t worn off on me, but it still feels a bit unfinished.

The team behind Tidbyt started working on this a couple of years ago and launched the product on Kickstarter in March 2021. A year and a half later, all the backers have received their Tidbyts, and the device is generally available. Sort of: co-founder Rohan Singh tells me the current supply is sold out, but “we have more units on the way in a couple of weeks.” Manufacturing is hard, but Singh is confident Tidbyt can stay on top of things.

The screen is the whole point of Tidbyt, though, and it’s a very unusual one. It’s not a screen so much as a collection of individual LEDs — 64 across by 32 down, 2,048 of them in all — that can be lit up and controlled individually. You can control the display’s brightness, and it can get seriously bright; I kept the brightness level at about 15 out of 100, and at full strength, those 2,048 LEDs were bright enough that the Tidbyt lit my home office practically by itself.

It’s incredibly low-res by design because it’s not meant to do very much. The Tidbyt’s makers aren’t trying to build a super immersive gadget but, rather, something that can keep you from needing to look at your phone every time you need a tiny bit of information. Singh says that he built the original prototype as a way to quickly find out when the subway was coming. “If I got on my phone to check,” he says, “then I would also check Twitter. And I would check Instagram and stuff, and then just be doing that for, like, half an hour.” Instead, he hacked together a thing that plugged into the New York City’s subway API and told him when the next G train was arriving. It looks like a subway status board because that’s exactly what it is.

There’s a whole genre of gadgets out there that all pitch themselves this way, of course. “This is the gadget that will free you from your phone” applies to everything from the Apple Watch and Alexa to the minimalist smartphones from Palm and others. Tidbyt just takes the idea to its extreme by not letting you interact with the device at all.

To set up the Tidbyt, you just plug it in. It turns on automatically and jumps into pairing mode. All the actual work happens in the Tidbyt app, which is available on Android and iOS: you connect to the Tidbyt via Bluetooth then log it into your Wi-Fi network and it’s up and running. The app is where you decide what the Tidbyt will do, how bright it gets, and everything else. It does defeat the whole “don’t use your phone” idea a bit, but once the Tidbyt is set up the way you like it, you don’t really need the app anymore.

It’s easy enough to add apps to your Tidbyt, but I wish I could do more to manage them. By default, the Tidbyt rotates through all the apps you’ve installed, displaying each one for 15 seconds at a time. You can drag the apps around to determine the order in which they show up, and you can shorten the switching time down to as little as five seconds, but you can’t make it any longer — and I want it to be longer. More than that, what I want is a way to freeze it on a single app, kind of like hitting “hold” on a thermostat to keep it at one temperature rather than running the normal schedule. You can technically schedule when apps do and don’t run, so you can kind ofreverse engineer this setup, but it’s a lot more work than it should be.

Here’s where I landed: a button. I wish the Tidbyt had one, single, customizable, smackable button on the top. That button could be totally programmable — both the hardware and the software are easy to pull apart and tinker with, which Singh told me is a key part of its purpose — but I’d use it just as a way to stop and start the Tidbyt’s app rotation: one smack to freeze it on whatever app is currently showing so I can just have the clock and forecast showing most of the time, another smack to start it cycling between everything I have installed.

I don’t think I’m getting my button anytime soon, but the Tidbyt team is working on some more controls for the software. “Right now, it’s definitely limited,” Singh says, “but it’s simple. It’s very predictable. There’s a lot of things we can do, like add scheduling, or allow you to hold an app or change the amount of time one app is displayed — the question is how to do that and give you a user experience that makes sense.” The whole point of the Tidbyt, he says, is that you don’t have to useit for it to be useful, and he doesn’t want to lose that.

After a few days of playing around with all the Tidbyt apps, I ended up keeping just three: one shows the forecast; one shows the next event on my calendar; and one is a delightfully pixelated picture of my two dogs. The Tidbyt flips between them every 15 seconds.

As a result, my Tidbyt is basically a super-powered desk clock. $179 is an awful lot to pay for a super-powered desk clock, of course, and it doesn’t offer anything you can’t get with a quick glance at your phone. It also offers a lot lessthan you’d get from a smart display from Google or Amazon, many of which you can find much cheaper. But I like the idea of these light, ambient gadgets, which have information I need but don’t thrust it in my face with push notifications or try to lure me into doomscrolling every time I look. I like what the Tidbyt represents even more than I like the device itself. I don’t even want it to do more stuff! I just want to control it better.

Every smart device now requires you to agree to a series of terms and conditions before you can use it — contracts that no one actually reads. It’s impossible for us to read and analyze every single one of these agreements. But we started counting exactly how many times you have to hit “agree” to use devices when we review them since these are agreements most people don’t read and definitely can’t negotiate.

Whether you are interested in purchasing one or would like to learn more about these attention-grabbing displays, here is everything you need to know.

Conventional, static advertising doesn’t the same effect on people as it used to have. World can be overwhelming, offering a huge load of information every second. This has desensitize people, who aren’t paying attention and just forget what have seen or read.

Latest market studies have found that broadcasting Extremely creative and eye-catching ads on outdoor screens is much more effective than traditional advertising printed media (newspapers, static boards, etc). This is the reason behind the growing of the number of digital screens on the streets. LED screens are cost-effective, reliable an offer a high return of your investment.Outdoor led displays are large billboards made to display advertising, any kind of video, and more. They can be placed in any open-air area thanks to their modular assembling system.

1. First, a LED display must withstand any environmental condition (rain, heat, snow, wind, etc.)2. And it must be bright enough to be seen perfectly, even in broad daylight.

Our outdoor LED screen has a much higher brightness than its indoor counterpart, in order to deliver bright and vibrant images even in direct sunlight, ideal for outdoor stadiums and events. Each of our outdoor LED screens is shipped in module format allowing you the flexibility to create screens of any size. Options are available for front or rear service access depending on your installation.

More than rainproof, our products are designed to be weather-resistant. Our LED screens are perfectly sealed, so water can’t reach the inner circuits. However, this doesn’t mean heat will affect their performance because they’re made to dissipate it quickly.

OneDisplay designs outdoor led displays using high-efficiency electronics and uses Metal aluminum backplane instead of traditional plastic, more environmentally friendly, and guarantee excellent heat dissipation, even during the hottest days of summer. Our outdoor screens are made to operate 24 hours a day without interruption.

LED displays are mainly used to generate profits when broadcasting advertising. If power consumption is too high, it will lose profitability, as the operating cost would be too expensive.

The smaller the pixel pitch (distance between each pixel) the higher the resolution and closer the viewer can view the screen. Smaller pixel pitches are generally advised for up close applications whereas bigger pixel pitches are recommended for displays with long viewing distances. Our outdoor advertising LED displays cater for a selection of viewing distances with solutions to suit a range of budget requirements.

Our wide range of pixel pitches of LED screens for outdoor advertising, helps to catch audiences and passers-by you may not have reached with standard LCD displays. With their high brightness specification, these screens deliver a fantastic image, even in direct sunlight, serving as a great form of representation for your brand, product or service.

Our Outdoor LED Screens use SMD technology which stands for surface mounted diode. These screens display an image by varying the color and brightness of the individual closely spaced LEDs across the screen.

In SMD technology the red, green and blue diodes are encapsulated together rather than separately, allowing for much higher resolutions than other LED screens. SMD LED Displays also offer low energy consumption and generally boast a longer lifespan than other types of Led displays.

Our Outdoor LED Displays are made up of individual modules, offering the potential to create huge screens that can be easily changed and reformatted into alternative configurations. This also means additional LED modules can be added over time to create larger displays.

Anyone can install our LED screens. However, you’ll be dealing with bulky items, so you must use proper equipment and will need a helper to make the installation process even easier.

Outdoor led displays are usually installed in very popular and busy areas like Piccadilly Circus in London. Since most LED displays are located outdoors in high places or locations that are difficult to reach, it’s necessary to control them from afar. This is done through a wireless connection.

We pride ourselves on our products being simple for anyone to use so all of our Outdoor LED Displays come with a control system and basic operating software so you can start using your screen straight away, with no additional software needed.

From stadium scoreboards and concert venue backdrops to storefront advertising and transportation signage, there are more opportunities than ever to deliver impactful visual experiences when people are outside. OneDisplay outdoor LED display solutions are designed to be just what you need, where you need it.

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A very small portion of Apple’s latest iPhones will be made in India, and part of Google’s newest Pixel phone production will be done in Vietnam, people familiar with their plans said.

“Everyone is thinking about moving, even if they’re not acting yet,” said Anna-Katrina Shedletsky, founder of Instrumental, a Bay Area company that remotely monitors assembly lines for electronics companies.

But Google’s planning for next year’s phones demonstrates how hard it will be for companies to move from China completely. Google is exploring a foldable phone for 2023, but making a device like that, using newer screen and hinge technology, would probably require production to be close to key suppliers in China, these people said.

Five years ago, said Trang Bui, Cushman’s general manager for Vietnam, she showed industrial land to clients once every other month. Now, she travels daily with clients from the United States, Taiwan, South Korea, Japan, Europe and China to see real estate for factories.

155 square meters of Unilumin"s flexible LED solution creates an amazing atmosphere for both the entrances of the main dining room deck 4 and deck 5 on Royal Caribbean "Spectrum of the Seas" as well as inside the venue. All require both convex and concave installations, creating a unique design achieved by applying soft modules with a pixel pitch of 1.9mm, specially coated for protection in high footfall areas as well as washable for accidental liquid spillage. Highly reliable for 24/7 operation in a challenging environment with very low heat emission.

The iPhone 11 display has rounded corners that follow a beautiful curved design, and these corners are within a standard rectangle. When measured as a standard rectangular shape, the screen is 6.06 inches diagonally (actual viewable area is less).

To send and receive money with Apple Pay, you must be at least 18 years old and a resident of the United States. If you’re under 18 years old in the United States, your family organizer can set up Apple Cash for you as part of Apple Cash Family. Then you can send and receive money with Apple Pay. Sending and receiving money with Apple Pay and the Apple Cash card are services provided by Green Dot Bank, Member FDIC. Learn more about the Terms and Conditions.

Apple defines its restrictions on harmful substances, including definitions for what Apple considers to be “free of,” in the Apple Regulated Substances Specification. Every Apple product is free of PVC and phthalates with the exception of AC power cords in India, Thailand (for two-prong AC power cords), and South Korea, where we continue to seek government approval for our PVC and phthalates replacement.

AMOLED burn-in on screens and displays is permanent. Fortunately, you can slow it down and reduce its visibility by using a few simple tricks, which can also increase battery life.

So the more you use the device, the more visible its burn-in. And the longer you display the same image, the more that image"s outline will persist on the display.

It doesn"t help that many user-interface buttons are white. For an AMOLED panel to produce white light, the display switches on three different sub-pixels in proximity to one another. Each sub-pixel produces a different color: red, blue, and green. Together they appear white to the human eye. However, each of the three colors wears out at different rates, depending on the manufacturer.

Everyone with an OLED display has some burn-in. But often, it"s not fully visible unless you display a solid color at maximum brightness. The Android operating system has access to many apps that detect burn-in damage. The best of these is Screen Test.

For my AMOLED phone, I"ve taken every precaution against screen burn-in. Even so, the display is still a little blotchy after over a year of use. Fortunately, there are no indications of burn-in where the navigation buttons are.

Some might notice that the stock wallpapers in Android aren"t usually suited for OLED screens. OLED screens consume very little energy when displaying the color black, and they do not burn-in when displaying black. Unfortunately, older Android versions don"t include a solid black wallpaper option.

If you don"t have Android 10 or newer, the default Android Launcher isn"t OLED friendly. In Android 5.0, it forces the App Drawer wallpaper to white (the worst color for OLED screens). One of the best launchers for darker colors is Nova Launcher. Not only is it more responsive, it offers better customization options.

I do not recommend using this option unless your screen is already trashed. It will cause additional damage but may reduce the appearance of already existing on-screen burn. Inverting colors simply reverses the colors displayed on your screen. Whites become blacks and vice-versa.

None of these methods will stop the inevitable and slow destruction of your device"s screen. However, using all the recommended options in this article will dramatically decrease the rate at which it decays. That said, some of the oldest AMOLED phones have very little burn-in. The decay of organic LEDs is almost entirely aesthetic, particularly on newer phones.

If you’re always surrounded by displays—PCs, smartphones and tablets—are you placing too much strain on your eyes, neck and shoulders? If this sounds like you, read this article and take steps to address it right away before your symptoms worsen.

In recent years, many people would probably say the time they spend looking at displays has increased. In addition to televisions and PCs, smartphones and tablets have quickly become popular, and displays have penetrated every aspect of our lives.

Information technology has made our lives more convenient, but at the same time, eye fatigue caused by continuous viewing of displays has increasingly become a social problem. If you feel fatigue in your eyes, neck or shoulders, it"s important to properly address it rather than letting it go. If you let it go and your symptoms worsen, you could damage your mental and physical health, so be careful.

Some of the names for the various problems associated with displays and eyes are "computer vision syndrome," "VDT (visual display terminal) syndrome" and "technostress ophthalmopathy." They"re unavoidable problems when it comes to PC work in particular. There are various ways to address the problems, and the effects vary from person to person, but if you try one at a time, you"ll undoubtedly be able to experience a more pleasant digital life. It will also contribute to improved productivity in the office.

What can further worsen your eye fatigue in a situation like this is the light reflected from your display. Shiny glare panels are made to provide accurate blacks and colorful display, so they are good for watching videos, but they also tend to reflect outside light. In an office or similar setting, lights and other displays can be reflected on your screen, throwing off your focus and causing eye fatigue.

No matter what the situation, if you are viewing a screen at a distance of less than 30 centimeters for long periods of time, your eyes are obviously going to become fatigued. If you have an A4-sized sheet of paper, hold it up longways between you and the screen on which this article is displayed and see if there is enough room for it to fit. An A4-sized sheet of paper is about 30 centimeters (297 millimeters) long, so if you"re viewing the screen from a shorter distance than this, you"re too close. If you"re viewing it at a distance of about 1.5 times that length, you"re safe for now.

Once you"re at the proper distance from the display, try to have it so that your line of sight is directly ahead or slightly downward when viewing the screen. You should avoid looking up at the screen, because that can cause dry eye.

Displays that do not allow sufficient adjustment of the angle and height of the screen can lead users to adjust their posture to the screen position, which prevents them from working in the correct posture. Choose a display that has rich features including a tilt function allowing the screen to be tilted up and down and a height adjustment function.

Even if the installation location of the display and your posture during use is proper, working in the same posture for extended periods of time is not good for your eyes. The reason is that constantly looking at something at a fixed distance causes a gradual decline in your eyes" ability to focus.

A common mistake people make is looking at smartphone and tablet displays during their break. This does not allow your eyes to rest. Stretch to relieve tension, stand up and walk around, and look near and far either indoors or outdoors to adjust the focus of your eyes.

If you find yourself forgetting to take breaks, a smart trick is to use a PC software timer or your smartphone"s timer to remind yourself. There are also some displays that come with a function that prompts you to take breaks.

The brightness of your display should not be left at the default setting but adjusted according to the brightness of the room where it"s installed. This can greatly reduce the strain on your eyes. For example, in an office with normal brightness of 300-500 lux, the display brightness should be adjusted to around 100-150 cd/m2.

But when you give specific numbers like this, most people have no idea what they mean. So what you want to remember is that the trick to adjusting the brightness is using white paper like copy paper. Compare the paper under the lighting in the room to the screen, and adjust the brightness of the display so that the brightness matches as closely as possible. This will put the brightness at about the right level.

Particularly, when using the display for work, you"ll often be comparing paper documents with documents on the screen, so by adjusting the brightness of the screen to the brightness of the paper under the lighting, you"ll reduce the strain on your eyes, making this an effective measure against eye fatigue.

Put white paper next to the screen as shown, and adjust the display brightness while comparing it to the paper. Screen too bright compared to the paper (left), and display brightness adjusted to appropriate level so that the brightness of the paper and the screen are roughly the same (right).

What you need to remember is that if the brightness of the room where the display is installed changes dramatically in the morning, afternoon and evening, the brightness of the screen needs to be changed accordingly, or there"s no point. If you have to adjust it frequently like that, doing it manually is bothersome, and keeping it up becomes difficult. Consider purchasing a display that comes with a function to automatically adjust screen brightness to the optimal setting according to external light.

The majority of LCDs today have LED backlights. In some cases, the brightness adjustment mechanism (dimming system) causes eye fatigue. Specifically, caution is required with the system called PWM (Pulse Modulation), which is employed by most displays. In this system, the LED element blinking time is adjusted to control the display brightness — extending the time that it"s on makes it brighter, and extending the time that it"s off makes it darker.

For some people, this blinking of the screen is experienced as flickering, leading to eye fatigue. There is a difference among individuals in how this flickering is experienced. Many people using the same display will not notice anything at all, so even in an office where the same model is purchased in bulk, it"s difficult to figure out that the display is the cause.

The only way to prevent this is to address it with the display itself. Some displays prevent flickering by employing special dimming systems such as DC (Direct Current), a system that, in principle, does not produce flickering, and EyeCare Dimming, a hybrid system used in some EIZO products. By purchasing a product like this, you may eliminate eye fatigue for which the cause was unknown.

If you feel like your eye fatigue has worsened since starting to use your current display, this could be the cause. If you"re in an office, switching out displays with another member of the staff is another effective way to identify the cause.

The reason it has recently been the subject of attention is that there are many LCD products with LED backlights that have a high color temperature display (white appears bluish), and there are more cases where the user is subjected to stronger blue light than with conventional displays, so this type of problem has come under closer scrutiny.

Some methods to address the problem are to wear blue light blocking glasses or to apply blue light reducing film to the LCD screen. Also remember that on products that allow the display picture quality to be adjusted, you can lower the color temperature on the display.

For example, results of an experiment (results of EIZO study) show that if you change the 6,500-7,000K color temperature used in common displays to 5,000K, the 400-500nm wavelengths corresponding to blue light can be cut by about 20%. Furthermore, by adjusting the screen brightness to a proper level that does not cause eye fatigue, you can reduce blue light by a total of 60-70%. Many of the aforementioned blue light blocking glasses only cut up to 50% of blue light, so this is more effective.

However, lowering the color temperature causes the screen display to change to reddish or yellowish in color, and color reproducibility is lowered. For that reason, it"s best if you can lower the color temperature for working with office documents and put it back to normal when doing creative work dealing with photographs and images.

Some display products come with a blue light suppression mode. Not only do they allow you to easily switch between modes, but in some cases there is software for automatically changing the display mode according to the application, practically eliminating the need to switch modes manually.

Same data displayed at color temperatures of 7500K, 6500K and 5000K (left to right). When the color temperature is lowered, the appearance changes from a bluish to a reddish display and you can see at a glance that the blue light is reduced.

Cutting down on PC and smartphone use before bedtime is also a surprisingly important point. The light put off by PC and smartphone screens, including the aforementioned blue light, is said to be effective in waking you up. Looking at these screens before bedtime tends to make it harder to fall asleep. Considering this, it"s actually not a good idea to read e-books on smartphones or tablets before bedtime.

As you can see from the points we"ve already gone over, if you really want to address eye fatigue, you obviously have to put in effort yourself, but your choice of display is another important point. No matter how much you as the user address eye fatigue, if your display does not meet certain quality standards, the effectiveness of your efforts will be limited.

If you"ve checked off items 1-9 but your eye fatigue has remained unchanged for a long period of time, you may want to turn your attention to the display itself.

In Paper mode, the color and contrast display is similar to paper. With this excellent feature, the color temperature is lowered instantly with the touch of a button, and blue light is substantially reduced (left). If you use the Auto EcoView function, the built-in illuminance sensor detects ambient brightness and automatically takes the display brightness down to the optimal level in real time (right). The aforementioned EyeCare Dimming system suppresses flickering of the screen display at the same time.

Auto EcoView automatic brightness adjustment function detecting ambient brightness with built-in illuminance sensor and setting display brightness to optimal level

Paper mode display features color and contrast similar to paper. EyeCare Filter software applies filter pattern that controls brightness and contrast.

We"ve looked at various measures to address eye fatigue, but in cases where the user is required to remember to do them daily as they work, particularly when busy, people tend to neglect them. Moreover, when people make the effort to do these individual things to address eye fatigue but then don"t get much of a benefit due to the quality of the display, it"s really a waste if you think about it. Purchasing a replacement display requires an adequate expenditure, so people tend to hesitate, but if you"re purchasing a product that has excellent basic performance, eliminates the need for cumbersome manual settings and automatically lessens eye fatigue, isn"t it worth it?

The value of considering replacing the display itself is significant as a trump card for addressing eye fatigue. At home, it will help protect your eyes and the eyes of your loved ones, and at the office where you sit in front of the screen for long hours, it"s sure to contribute to greater efficiency and an improved working environment.

Turn on the store-bought tablet PC that Jepsen’s prototype screen sits in—she removed the old screen with a screwdriver and swapped hers in—and it looks and acts like any LCD screen, because it is an LCD, only better. LCDs display color and video, but they kill battery life. Electronic ink is more energy-efficient and paper-like, but it’s black and white and is frustratingly slow to load a new page. Jepsen’s screen combines the best of both technologies. Flick a switch, and the bulb that makes the screen glow will dim. But instead of going dark, only the colors will fade. That’s because in Jepsen’s screen, ambient light can substitute for backlight, bouncing off the mirror-like material that Jepsen has added to each pixel to reflect shades of black and white. With the lamp completely off, the screen, called 3Qi (pronounced “three chee,” as in qi, the Chinese word for “spirit,” and a geeky pun on the 3G wireless network), displays letters as crisp and readable as those on Amazon’s Kindle. In this mode, 3Qi uses about one fifth the power of a normal computer screen, Jepsen says. And unlike the E Ink–based Kindle or any other widely available e-reader, it still does everything a regular LCD does, including play videos.

As Jepsen will say in her talk tomorrow, “The future of reading is screens.” She puts it to me more bluntly: “Books are toast.” She’s not talking about reading, just dead-tree delivery, and there’s evidence to back her up. Between January and September of last year, $112.5 million worth of digital, downloadable books were sold, up from $7.2 million during the same period five years earlier. Since the introduction of the Sony Reader Digital Book in 2006 and the Kindle in 2007, the number of e-readers sold in the U.S. has more than doubled every year—an estimated one million in 2008, three million in 2009, and a projected six million this year. According to one forecast, that number could rise to 77 million worldwide by 2018.

That may be hard to believe given the single-task capability of current e-readers. But once a screen arrives that combines the best of laptops and e-readers into a single, affordable package—once a flip of a switch can transform your high-definition-movie-playing color laptop screen into an e-book with enough battery life to last a trans-Pacific flight—then things get more interesting. Laptops could become simple flat touchscreens, and e-readers as we know them could eventually become obsolete. If the future of gadgets is in the screens, Jepsen is trying to write that future.

So are plenty of others, of course. And this could be the year the leaders in the display race pull away from the pack. The cellphone-chip giant Qualcomm; the current e-reader display leader, E Ink; and at least one other major player are set to release next-generation e-reader screens by 2011. But Jepsen’s hybrid screen is likely to be the first and the least expensive of the bunch. Her company, Pixel Qi, which is based in both Silicon Valley and Taipei, will, by the time you read this, have started a run of millions of screens. Although Jepsen won’t name brands, she says these will soon appear in netbooks, tablet computers and dedicated e-readers.

3Qi combines two kinds of displays—an ordinary color LCD and a low-power, high-resolution black-and-white version—into one package. Here’s how it pulls it off:

Turn the energy-sucking backlight down, and the pixel reflects light instead of producing it. Ambient light [D], whether from a lamp or the sun, enters the display and hits a large part of the pixel that’s covered in a mirror [E]. The beams bounce back out through the liquid crystals, which change the brightness of the light that escapes, just like in the color mode. But instead of shuttling through color filters, which absorb and dim rays, that light exits through an empty space—so you see it as white, black or one of 254 shades of gray in between.

Removing part of her pituitary gave Jepsen back her health. It also gave her a strict lifelong course of pills, needed to replace the lost gland’s hormones, and a strong sense of urgency. “If I don’t take my pills every 12 hours, I can die,” she says. “So how do I want to use my time?”

In 2005, after nine years at display companies, Jepsen applied for a professorship at MIT. As part of her interview, she spoke with professor Nicholas Negroponte, who had just returned from proposing his “$100 laptop” idea—building low-cost laptops for kids in developing countries—at the World Economic Forum. Jepsen and Negroponte hit it off immediately. Within hours, the two had hatched the One Laptop Per Child (OLPC) initiative, and Negroponte immediately dispatched her to Europe to talk with technology leaders. Working as OLPC’s screen guru, she made the project happen, says Media Lab researcher V. Michael Bove, a technical adviser to OLPC who has known Jepsen since her grad-student days. “She was the one who had the big fights with Taiwanese LCD makers and engineers who didn’t think it”—making an inexpensive laptop—”could be done.”

The true humanitarian worth of spreading cheap laptops across the developing world is up for debate, but OLPC had one undeniable effect: It led directly to the advent of the small, stripped-down, inexpensive “netbook,” a sector that now makes up about 20 percent of all laptop sales. Once the nonprofit showed that it could build a compact, functional laptop for less than $200, nearly every other computer maker followed suit, and the gadget-buying public snatched them up. Since its debut in 2007, OLPC has delivered more than a million computers; Acer, Asus, HP and other consumer-electronics companies now ship approximately 40 million netbooks a year.

Jepsen left OLPC at the beginning of 2008 to take her display technology further. She started Pixel Qi with her own money and the half a million frequent-flier miles she had racked up traveling to Africa. For the OLPC computer, she had designed a new low-power display that could have maximum battery life in villages where the electricity was spotty at best. Instead of always using the power-hungry LCD backlamp, the screen could be illuminated by reflecting sunlight (a variation on the outdoor-readable screens found in some cellphones and rugged laptops). 3Qi is designed to bring the battery-saving benefits of reflective pixels to the rest of us.

She hashed out ideas over the dinner table with her husband, John Ryan, a telecom consultant, and when he became more interested in her project than his own job, she hired him as chief operating officer. After securing venture-capital funding, she rented offices across the street from YouTube in San Bruno, California, set up a lab for playing with liquid crystals in the office kitchen, and began experimenting with ways to get more light through the screen. By the time she and her growing team finished, they had changed nearly every layer inside the LCD, so that all that remains from the original OLPC screen, Jepsen says, is the basic idea of the black-and-white mode. “It doesn’t sound as cool as giving poor kids laptops, but it’s one and the same,” she says. As Pixel Qi scales up, the cost of the screens (which are going into the next OLPC computer) should come down, making Jepsen’s technology ever more accessible.

Jepsen is still involved in Pixel Qi’s technical work, but most of the rest of the time she’s in the air, on her way to supervise manufacturing in Taipei or to meet with a company about using her screen. She logs nearly 300,000 air miles a year in service of these missions. And despite the seemingly obvious benefits of her screen designs, it’s never an easy sell. “To a certain degree, she’s selling ice to Eskimos,” says John Jacobs, a laptop analyst at DisplaySearch who used to evaluate new screens for Apple. “No matter how great the ice is, they’ve already got some.”

Yet Jepsen has an “ace in the hole,” Jacobs says: “She’s a phenomenal evangelist for the technology.” Since she started Pixel Qi, she has effectively completed a world tour every month, trying to convince computer manufacturers from China to Texas to use her screens. When a CEO dismisses Pixel Qi as just another here-today, gone-tomorrow screen technology, she pulls out her OLPC credentials: “Which one has shipped a million products within a year of starting mass production? Which one? There are none,” she tells them. “There are none at all. Which one has even shipped 1,000 products within a year of mass production? OK, 100? We’ve got a million. That’s why you should believe me.”

When she’s at the LCD factory in Taipei that’s gearing up to produce her new screen, Jepsen is on constant call, sometimes napping on the floor after pulling an all-nighter. It takes more than 100 different machines to assemble the layers of an LCD screen, and as Pixel Qi moves into mass production, problems can occur at every step: a few specks of dust in the workroom taint the materials, a batch of the liquid crystals doesn’t precisely match the batch that came before. This is when Jepsen is most content. “Time disappears, coffee appears, and it’s just work at high pressure to debug the problem. Those days are actually some of my happiest. The speed is fast, and the insights gained are tremendous.”

The frantic pace is necessary because, as young as the e-reader industry may be, trying to break into it is like trying to launch a new operating system after Microsoft. She’s up against a company that pretty much started the business: E Ink, which today controls some 90 percent of the market. Spun out of MIT’s Media Lab in 1997, E Ink makes the screens for most of today’s e-readers, including the Kindle. The E Ink screen mimics the look of ink on paper because it’s filled with floating particles of actual ink pigment. A zap of current sends oppositely charged black or white particles to the surface, forming images that stay put until zapped again. That means the screen draws power only when changing pages—ideal for a book, with which you can stare at a sheet for minutes. But again: no color, and no video.

Soon Jepsen and her competitors will take E Ink (and one another) on. At least one other manufacturer says that it will ship an e-reader screen this year with color and video and that, unlike 3Qi, the screen will remain full-color in low-power mode. Made by Qualcomm, the Mirasol display creates pixels with tiny moving metal pieces, just a few micro-meters across, that move up and down to reflect light of different wavelengths and colors. Like E Ink’s screen, it doesn’t need a backlight and uses energy only when changing images.

There are more contenders in the pipeline, too, all boasting some variation of color, video or both. A Philips spin-off called Liquavista plans to produce low-power, video-playing black-and-white screens at the end of this year, and full-color versions by the end of next. They rely on a technique called electrowetting, which replaces the liquid crystals inside an LCD with drops of oil in water that require less electricity to move. The old guard E Ink plans to release a color version late this year, and the company has displays running videos in its labs that it hopes to produce in a few years.

But, as Jepsen reminds me (with uncharacteristic brusqueness) when I mention that there are other fast, colorful reflective displays around: “not that are ready to ship.” Hers is also likely to be cheaper. The 3Qi screen, as a tweak on existing LCDs, is manufactured on the same machinery and from most of the same materials as the 1.5 billion displays shipped every year. As a result, a netbook with a 10-inch Pixel Qi screen should cost little more than one with

Whether 3Qi succeeds will ultimately depend on the subjective experience of millions of sets of eyes. The circumstances in which people feel comfortable reading turn out to be somewhat unpredictable. For instance, it’s as much a myth that LCDs cause eyestrain because their backlights shine into your eyes like a flashlight as it is that reflective screens like E Ink’s are easier on the eyes just because they reflect light. “Light is light,” says VCD Sciences display consultant Lou Silverstein, a fellow of the Society for Information Display. “Your eyeball can’t tell whether it’s reflected or transmitted.” LCDs and E Ink look different because of the way E Ink reflects light. Its pigments sit at the surface and scatter light in many directions, just as paper does. LCDs and even other reflective screens direct light only at certain angles, so the look isn’t quite as uniform as paper. Jepsen says her team has employed a number of tricks to improve the angle of reflection on the 3Qi, but because it’s still an LCD, it will never look quite as much like print as E Ink.

So the Kindle-style e-reader may be a transitory gadget, a step toward super-thin tablets that support modern computing just as well as old-fashioned reading. Pixel Qi may help catalyze that change, although it too may find itself a bridge technology, superseded once people cross to the all-color, all-the-time side. By that time, though, Jepsen may have moved on. She has near-term plans to improve Pixel Qi’s current display, making it more efficient and offering it in different sizes. And then it may be back to the developing world, this time to spread the influence of television. “People, primarily in India, are coming to me saying, you know, make us a 10-watt TV,” she says. A battery-powered HDTV may sound frivolous but, Jepsen explains, India’s musical movies are a cultural institution that many people get left out of because of a lack of electricity. “We want to see our Bollywood,” they tell her.

Looking back to 2020, led display industry has emerged a large number of classic engineering project cases, these cases represent the current industry development level. Therefore, LEDSINO selected 10 representative and excellent cases in 2020, aiming to cover various led video display product types that are currently popular and trying to reflect the current industry development hotspots and trends.

The spherical led display project in Moon Mountain Scenic Area in Panzhou City, Guizhou Province, is called “artificial moon” because of its stunning spherical shape and unique humanistic meaning.

The led sphere display composed of 5435 960 arc-shaped waterproof cabinets, with an area of 5024 square meters and a cost of 80 million RMB, which is an unparalleled work in the photoelectric display industry and steel sheet metal industry, and a rare super project in the sphere led screen application industry recent years.

The lighting of the “artificial moon” coincided with the time of the new crown epidemic, when the industry was at a freezing point. Such a huge project is a major industry sensation at any time. The team in charge of the project, after many aspects of coordination and communication, break through the layers of difficulties, and finally make the “artificial moon” project completely lit. As a rare curved led screen super project in the industry in recent years, it has greatly boosted the morale of the industry and accumulated new experience for giant led screens applications.

The project designs led display screens with different areas, shapes and functions according to different scenes. It constructs an immersive hub commercial body with both visual effect and commercial value. The 700 sqm giant led screens in the West Hall even covers the entire wall, giving people the immersive experience of being in the sea.

Together with 8 large pillars that completely wrap the led video display on all sides, the effect of the water tank is more breakthrough 3D experience. A total area of 1275 sqm of led matrix display groups, attracting many people to stop and watch, and take out cell phones to shoot, the first time to leave the magic city style.

Recent years, thanks to the development of technology, people’s requirements for the led advertising screen is no longer limited to the traditional flat display, but a three-dimensional, high-definition, interactive visual sensory experience.

In this trend, led digital display also began to develop towards “immersive” experience. The Future City project is the first immersive hub commercial complex located in technology and art in China. The smart led display for Future City, whether it’s the pounding waves or the diffuse bubbling gilt, gives people a real experience of being there.

In response to the client’s demand for high-definition display and high permeability, Continuum Creative created a highly practical and creative transparent video wall for the marketing center. The 707㎡ glass window display project in Tianjin Love Colorful Lane has been completely lit up.

The project uses the phantom series “GWS-16” side light-emitting display material for integrated installation on the wall, which not only does not damage the glass structure, but also can be integrated with the glass curtain wall, perfectly interpreting the “transparency” of transparent screen. “It not only lights up the whole marketing center, but also adds vitality to the city development.

In recent years, the application of led transparent display in the city is increasing. It has been widely used in various fields such as large shopping malls, glass windows, chain stores, architectural media and stage choreography.

The 707㎡ transparent led wall created by Love-Belleville is a model of the application in landscape lighting this year. Transparent glass led screen as an important branch of led display, with the expansion of the application surface, its performance form is more and more attention from various places. Transparent display will be more and more important in the future display map.

The “naked eye 3D” spaceship giant screen in Taikoo Li Yingjia Building, Chengdu was lit up shockingly, and the cool black technology display instantly triggered the national and overseas media to forward comments, and the top 5 real-time hot searches on Weibo, with a total of 320 million hits.

A large number of fans rushed to the scene to feel the ultimate visual experience brought by large led screen wall, the scene can be described as crowded, and many overseas netizens crazy praise for China’s black technology, refreshing the world’s new cognition of China’s display technology, reproducing China’s “intelligent” new style of manufacturing.

In addition, the project especially presents diversified details for different scenes of day and night, with the smooth and appropriate 90° seamless corner module technology, outdoor high-brightness wide-angle display panel technology, high-contrast light-absorbing mask and other advanced technologies, instantly breaking the border of art.

“Naked eye 3D” is one of the hottest concerns of the industry this year. Thanks to this year’s Korean wave water tank “wave” explosion, there are many creative led display products based on domestic.

Among them, “naked eye 3D” display is a very representative work of these products. The “naked eye 3D” spaceship in Taikoo Li, Chengdu adopts the “8K ultra-high definition + 3D naked eye + curved right angle display” creative led wall display solutions, once launched, instantly acclaimed as a stream, becoming a must-see place for the netroots, and empowering the entire city culture.

After the upgrade, the Beijing pedestrian street was integrated with a large 8K “naked eye 3D” curved big led display. The p6 led display shows many images such as “Dragon in the Sky”, “Five Sheep in the Sky” and “Memory Retrieval”.

It is understood that the project is the largest “naked eye 3D” curved screen in China so far, and to achieve “8K display + naked eye 3D interaction” on the basis of the curved surface, it will be more challenging than the traditional flat screen, is to solve “no electronic drawings accounting” “building balance measurement” “load bearing” “fire distribution” and many other technical difficulties in order to complete the delivery on schedule.

This year’s outdoor advertising screen new installation project has opened the “red” mode, the project in 8K display and 3D video technology, but also a variety of technologies, can be said to be a collection of innovative technology.

As a landscape lighting project, the project has become the new city of Guangzhou “business card”. This also provides a new example for the operation of outdoor led sign boards, a wave of 8K + 3D rendering effect of large led display project is emerging, boosting outdoor digital led wall re-occupy the city landmarks.

In addition, the project uses bright sky led light screen products, breaking through the limitations of the traditional rectangular display, and introduces an adaptive display structure, realizing the standardized design to non-standard, customized adaptation needs.

And in order to highlight the immersive experience of this feature, the project with extremely shocking 3D interactive equipment and special effects video, with the world’s leading holographic projection light field display technology and cloud platform, with the naked eye, high visual simulation, break through the limitations of space-time, geography, presented to the user extremely shocking hologram experience.

This year’s super-giant led screens project continues to refresh people’s perception, with the completion of one after another outdoor video screens project, commercial led signs and find the long-lost spring.

This year’s outdoor display projects are not only “big” but also impressive in terms of new, strange and special. The project as a super large led canopy, the introduction of naked eye 3D, holographic display and other technologies, in highlighting the immersive experience has made great efforts.

in the scale area, creative solutions, design and construction, control performance, large screen interaction and other aspects are designed and implemented in accordance with the current international top requirements, for the world’s largest multi-curved led canopy, its birth will be creative led display field of application technology.

The 8K display used in the field test took on the heavy responsibility of displaying in the transmission test, not only showing the 8K images of the main venue and branch venues of the 2020 Spring Festival Gala transmitted by the 5G network, but also playing a video clip of the “5G+4K” technology application of the 2020 Spring Festival Gala.

After the trial broadcast, the display was shown in the 2020 Spring Festival Gala. Spring Festival Gala to create stage video wall, is specially developed and designed, both in form and function, are specially customized.

Since the issuance of the Action Plan for the Development of Ultra HD Video Industry (2019-2022) in 2019, Ultra HD display has become a new pursuit within the display industry.

A giant led digital display with a length of 350 meters, a width of 20 meters and an area of nearly 7,000 sqm will be built above the street, equivalent to 19 standard IMAX led movie screens, which is a masterpiece of “black technology” reality!

On the occasion of 55th anniversary of development and construct