display screens for memory impared brands

I can’t thank you enough for working me to get the phone up & running for my mom. She’s starting to adjust to using it. This phone will help her as she gets flustered with all the options even on a basic cell phone.

I am so grateful for this phone & the wonderful support staff that helped me with my questions & missteps. Tried out the phone with family members & are anxious to give it to her on Monday, her 92nd birthday. This will be a godsend for her to be able to communicate with her family during these difficult times. Usually there are only 5 stars but would give 10! Thank you for making this a very bright moment. Thank you again.

I have been looking for a phone that would not confuse my Mother with her dementia. I have not found a phone that would work for her until I found this one. Having the ability to set up and control the phone from the caregiver portal has greatly reduced the time I have to spend dealing with phone issues. My Mother lets me know if she needs to add a number to her list and I can do the from anywhere without having to physically change it on her phone. I also like being able to check the battery level from the portal adn let her know if she needs to charger her phone if she forgets. No more assuming the phone is just dead. The GPS feature also gives me peace of mind to know were she is or if her phone was left somewhere. This is a great solution if you are looking for a phone for your family member with dementia.

I am so very thankful for this phone. It has given my father a sense of freedom again. His confidence in using the phone is phenomenal and we haven’t been able to say that in a while. I am wondering if there is a case that can be recommended that has a cover for the front that will stop accidental calls. PLEASE LOOK AT THIS PHONE FOR YOUR LOVED ONE, YOU WON’T REGRET IT.

I purchased this phone for my mom who has dementia and was having great difficulty using even her simple flip phone. It is very easy to use and wonderful that I can manage the phone from the portal. I would rate “5” except 1) I assume there is no way to disable the 911 function due to legal issues, but it would be nice if I could since she is in a nursing home and help is always nearby; 2) would be nice to get rid of the message that says “individual’s voicemail has not been set up” since there is no voicemail option (I get calls from my mother’s family asking why she has no voicemail); 3) would be nice to be able to increase the number of rings. It only rings four times and it usually takes her longer than that to get across her room to answer since she doesn’t carry the phone around with her. All in all, though, very happy with this purchase.

As for 2) the voicemail message and 2) the number of rings – these are control day the wireless provider. The number of rings / ring duration can bu adjusted by some of the carriers. Please contact the carrier and request it to be changed.

This phone is very nice to look at and easy to use. I love that we can limit the calls that my mom receives. She was always so confused by the spam calls about the extended warranty for her car. It’s great that she doesn’t get those anymore. It’s also really nice that she can see photos of my sisters and me to decide who she wants to call.

However, there are a couple of things I do not like. One, the volume is fixed, and it is too loud for certain situations. Secondly, there is no way to track missed calls, or voice mail.

This phone solved our conundrum with needing a simple phone for our older guy who now feels reconnected without the barrage of incomprehensible scammers. The tech support and customer service is responsive, efficient and superb.

I just wanted to say thank you for this product. My mom, who has dementia, broke her hip, got COVID while in the hospital and ended up recovering from both in isolation in a nursing facility. She has been struggling to understand what is happening to her and not being able to be there with her has been a challenge for all of us. This phone has helped her tremendously. She had forgotten how to use a cell phone a long time ago but she can use this phone and it has lifted her spirits to stay in touch and she likes looking at our pictures. It’s such a well designed product and the customer support you offer is very appreciated as well. The staff at the Verizon store wrote down the information because they said they get requests for senior-friendly phones all the time and they don’t sell anything like this phone. The therapy staff at the nursing home commented that they love the phone as well and will be recommending it to other families in the facility.

This phone has been a godsend to me as the caretaker of my mother from three states away. I love how I can manage the phone via the portal. There are so many things I love about this phone and its ease of use for my mother. Other reviews talked about the default ringtone volume being very loud and unable to change. The ringtone volume was super loud! I called RazMobility Support and they walked me through how to lower the ring volume (but you can only do it when having the phone physically with you and they walk you through all of the steps). I’m sure there are other changes RazMobility support can help you with. Just call them and ask, “Can _____ be adjusted on the phone?” They have been super helpful. I love how simple the portal is to manage and how I can see the battery life, and GPS location of my mother’s phone. The MintMobile cell service did not do too well in my mother’s nursing home, but it was easy to switch out the SIM cards to another carrier. But make sure you purchase the more expensive Raz phone so you can easily switch carriers if you need to. I would have stayed with MintMobile if the reception was better as their website is super easy to navigate. So this review doesn’t go on forever, I’ll focus on some features I would like to see in the future: recent call list, ability to adjust the ringtone volume, voice volume from portal. One glitch I’ve found is that when my mother presses the “Hang Up” button too long, she accidentally calls the contacts listed in the #5 & 6 spots. To avoid her accidentally calling someone a lot, I added my contact info into slots 5 & 6. So if it happens, she is just calling me. We also bought the wireless charger (which comes with the protective phone case). That way my mom does not have to struggle to plug in the regular phone charger. The wireless charger charges super slow to avoid wearing out the battery. This phone is awesome. Raz, if you created an affiliate program, I think you could get the word out even more about this phone. I would be a huge cheerleader of the phone!

I purchased this phone for my Dad who we just moved into a nursing home due to dementia. He became unable to remember how to work his old cell phone or the regular telephone. The RAZ has been a Godsend. It’s so easy for him to use and he is absolutely thrilled to be re-connected with his family. I had a little trouble activating it, ( a senior citizen setting up a phone for a senior citizen…what could go wrong???). But I called customer service and the rep that helped me was amazing. Patient and knowledgable and even emailed me pictures of what things should look like along the way. She made sure I knew how to add names and pictures to the phone and even offered to do it for me if I emailed her the pictures. I’ve called a few times with questions and I reach a human being quickly and they always know the answer to my questions. Customer service of the highest caliber. So far the only downside is that when the phone is in the case the volume of the ringtone is very low and my Dad doesn’t always hear it. I’ve called customer service and they told me that I have to be near the phone to adjust the volume, so the next time I am there I will give them a call. The RAZ is the absolute perfect cell phone for any senior but especially one who has impaired mental capabilities.

My 92 year old father loves this phone. I love not worrying that someone is scamming him over the phone. He loves showing it off to his friends at the retirement community. I love not spending hours trying to talk him through getting him back on his phone. He loves not calling the wrong person because he touched the wrong line in his contacts. I love updating new phone numbers for his contacts without having to have his phone in hand. For us it’s a win/win/win

My Dad doesn’t have dementia but is 87. We got the Raz phone and it’s like a long, cool drink of water. We tried Jitterbug and Jethro “senior friendly” phones and they were a JOKE. Raz is the first truly SIMPLE phone – no menus, God bless them, and remotely configurable. The only thing I would criticize, and I hope Raz is listening… About once or twice a day, the Raz phone makes an outgoing call while in my Dad’s pants pocket. I have witnessed this first-hand. He’s puttering around the kitchen, not bending over, not with his hands in his pocket, and his phone calls me. If he were allowed to “turn off” the screen before he puts the phone in his pocket, I believe the problem would be fixed. We did try a belt holster, but with his posture, his belt is too close to his armpits and it takes so long to get the phone out of the holster that the phone stops ringing before he can answer.

I purchased this phone for my brother who has rapid arm and hand tremors due to Parkinson’s Disease. He also has early Dementia. He is not tech savvy at all. The Raz phone is truly a blessing to him and my family not only because it’s simple and easy to use, but it eliminates the clutter he would have to navigate through using the traditional smart phone. He is proud that he has a device that is fully simplistic and streamlined to his need, but also instills his dignity just by the phone’s impressive appearance. Raz mobility technical support is Fantastic! I have dismissed products from other companies just on the premise of customer support alone, regardless of the quality of product. I was helped by Alex at Raz Tech support. He was extremely knowledgeable, methodical, courteous, and above all, patient. I enjoyed one of the best customer experiences I have had in many months. Kudos to Alex.

I found the RAZ Phone easy to get set up and it works as advertised. This will be a big help as my wife has memory problems. Now I feel comfortable being away from her for a while. Thanks.

Great phone for those with dementia. Easy to set up from the caregiver portal. Customer Service is great. An improvement would have the phone shut off automatically if not being used since the battery goes down and the phone has to be charged daily.

I recently returned my mother’s Memory Cell Phone because someone at her care facility had inadvertently exited the app and did a factory reset. Within a week, I had the phone back with the app reinstalled. Not only that, you installed the new version which has great new options AND sent a complimentary wireless charging platform because she had damaged the charger port trying to put the charger in the wrong way. That is customer service above and beyond.

This is close to being the perfect phone for those with dementia and those of us who care for them. It is so very well thought-out, anticipating all the problems. For the first time in months, my husband can call me when he’s feeling anxious or worried from his memory care facility. It has been such a relief for both of us.

The Memory Phone has been a wonderful solution to our parent’s dementia challenges. What a relief to have the confidence that they can call when they want and not be discouraged by the complexity of a smart phone.

The RAZ is a great phone. Customer service is outstanding. I bought this for my Mom who has Alzheimer’s. Unfortunately we waited a little to long to make the change. She was not able to make the adjustment to the phone and I had to return it. With that being said, this is a wonderful cell phone, I am super impressed with how it works and the options for the caregiver from the portal. I will be telling anyone I know who needs this service. We did the T-Mobile version and had zero problems. Just put the SIM card in and it worked perfectly. Thanks for a great product!

RAZ MEMORY phone is exceptional for my father in law age 94. He has some age related dementia combined with macular degeneration. Especially helpful are the auto answer to speaker phone options. He is able to call us usig the limited photo buttons. And, NO MORE JUNK CALLS. Wish we were aware of this earlier. We are showing it off at his new Assisted Living Community. We also love the optional charging cradle which is home for the phone most of the time.

This phone is fabulous for my mom who has dementia. We tried several ‘easy’ and ‘senior’ phones before finding this one. This is the only one she’s been able to use reliably. Being able to control the phone settings from my phone is great; no more deleted contacts or turning her phone off then wondering why it wasn’t working. The phone works well on the T-Mobile network. I had to contact customer service and was shocked to be connected to a person right away. He immediately identified the issue and walked me though how to fix it. The call lasted maybe 5 minutes and there have been zero issues since. I wish we’d found this phone a couple years ago. It would have saved both mom and family members a lot of frustration.

Easy for my non-tech husband to use. We set it to auto answer and speaker phone, so he doesn’t even need to pick it up. Makes us feel more secure for those times when I need to leave him alone for short periods.

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Screen readers use human-like voices to read elements on a smartphone touchscreen display. Tactile manipulation of the screen will prompt the reader to audibly relay information that otherwise might have been read visually. Functions that rely on initial tactile manipulation may also be activated. So, for example, touching an object on your home screen will prompt the screen reader to “speak” the name of the app to you; double tapping the object again will then open the application.

While both screen readers are similar in function, the operating system they work with is entirely different. Users should consider which operating system they feel most comfortable with when deciding on a screen reader.

Also called voice recognition software, voice-activated functions rely on the human voice to trigger commands on an electronic device. Modern smartphones support this type of software for easier operation, especially for people with low vision. Common voice recognition programs include:

Each voice recognition software solution has similarities and differences to each other — the user should consider which operating system they are most comfortable with to determine which one to use.

For both iOS and Android, Be My Eyes is a free app that connects blind and low-vision people with sighted volunteers and company representatives for visual assistance through a live video call.

For IOS, there is Seeing AI which is a helpful all around app. Seeing AI is an intelligent camera app that reads text on the go and tells you who and what is around you. It allows users to read barcodes, signs, documents, and products on the go.  And get more detail about the people and scenes the user may not be seeing clearly.

For Android, there is Android Accessibility Suite which is a collection of accessibility apps that help you use your Android device eyes-free or with a switch device as well as Lookout, an app that offers modes for Quick Read, Document Scan, Explore and reads Food Labels. Like Seeing Ai, this app also reads barcodes in its Shopping Mode.

Barcode readers can help people with low vision determine the contents of an item by scanning the barcode. The barcode reader app can then relay the item description to the user by using a human-like voice. Typically, the app will activate a camera mode to scan the barcode. Then, the software will run through a range of barcode symbology to interpret the barcode into a readable result — in this case, the name of the item will be read out loud for the user. Common barcode reader apps for people with low vision include:

Color detector apps contain a database of colors that can help people with low vision easily identify a variety of colors. By taking a picture through the app, the app can help identify colors when you choose an item in the photo. Most color detector apps use artificial intelligence to understand what the phone is seeing. Additionally, the more these apps are used, the more they will “learn” by adding and expanding their library of known colors. Common color detector apps for people with low vision and blindness include:

Voice dictation software has been around for many years and is available as both a mobile and desktop app. This assistive technology can help with writing issues — a common problem people with low vision encounter. Dictation software allows a user to write words by speaking them aloud instead of typing. Some devices have built-in dictation tools, including smartphones and tablets that use Android or iOS. Typically, these built-in apps work adequately and don’t need an additional learning setup. However, there are powerful and reliable third-party dictation apps available for download, including:

Light detectors typically use pixels from the user"s camera to observe the light in an area. These apps can help a user determine where a light source is located. This can be extremely helpful to remind people with low vision if a light is on in a room. Some apps can also sense daylight or whether lights to indicate power on an electronic device or appliance is on or not. Common apps for light detection include:

Both iOS and Android have low-vision camera features. Low-vision cameras can help enlarge the text on a screen to make reading easier. Electronic magnifiers can outperform traditional magnifiers; many e-magnifiers offer a wider range of magnification and can be used on websites as well as physical items, like a menu or a book. E-magnifiers also come with LED lights that can enhance the reading experience. Other amenities include auto-focusing, screen freezing, and screenshots. Common low-vision camera apps include:

Many money reader apps use augmented reality (AR) to help users count bills. The app uses the phone’s camera to detect the artwork on the bill and automatically counts it for the user. As the phone counts the bill that is placed in front of it, the app will use talk-to-speech technology to announce the amount of the bill. Many of these apps work offline and can identify a number of different currencies around the world. Common money reader apps include:

Reminder apps can be beneficial for all smartphone users. Reminder apps that have alarms or reminders that are spoken aloud can help people with low vision and blindness keep track of their day. They can use these apps to remind them about appointments, create routines, keep track of the time, and stay organized. Reminders that use audio recordings can also make it easier to make and store reminders. Common reminder apps with alarms and voice reminders include:

A screen reader uses text-to-speech technology to translate on-screen text into audible speech. This software application can be used on mobile devices as well as desktop computers. They relay information like text, icons, menus, dialog boxes, files, and folders. A screen reader can relay information by either speech or Braille, depending on the user’s preference. Additionally, screen readers can keep up with changing content on the computer or mobile screen, giving the user real-time information. While Apple and Android have built-in screen readers, there are also reliable third-party apps including:

There are also smart devices and accessories specifically designed for people with low vision and blindness. Accessible phones must be made to support a range of vision impairments and can include amenities like big buttons, different colored buttons, high contrast screens, and voice recognition technology. These companies have created and optimized phones and accessories so that people with low vision can use smartphones to their full advantage.

Blind people may find it hard to type on smartphones. Luckily, Braille keyboards are available to make it easy to type out text messages and use other apps. Google has integrated a Braille keyboard directly into Android, making the software more accessible without the user needing to download additional software or requiring additional hardware. The keyboard uses a six-key layout, representing one of six Braille dots which can form letters and symbols when tapped in certain combinations. It can also work across all Android apps. Other actions available in the Braille keyboard include:

Additionally, the iPhone also has a built-in Braille keyboard. Like the Android version, users can tap dots to create text. They can also perform other actions, like:

Assistech is a company based in Farmingdale, New York that provides assistive technologies for people who are deaf, hard of hearing, blind, partly sighted, speech impaired, physically challenged, as well as those with mobility/dexterity issues, memory loss, and cognitive disorders.

Among the phones offered arebig button braille phones with Braille keypad make it easier for blind and low vision callers to handle their phone calls and voice-activated phones.

Kapsys is a French company that produces phones for people with low vision and blindness in more than 20 countries, including the U.S. Their phones use the Android software and are 4G compatible. According to the site, it’s the only smartphone that offers a triple interface: a touch screen, a physical keyboard and an advanced vocalization system, to accommodate people who live with a range of low vision and blindness.

The SmartVision 3 model uses the native Android Talkback application, comes with a large display, voice command and recognition software, a fingerprint sensor, touchscreen, an ergonomic keyboard, and a inductive charger. The Mini-vision 2+ and the Mini-vision Lite models are smaller with only essential applications for more intuitive use. It comes with voice recognition and commands, a keyboard with spaced and ergonomic buttons, vision aids, and practical tools. Unlike the Smart Vision model, the Mini Visions offer two different interfaces: a keyboard and voice commands.

BlindShell is a company that creates accessible smartphones for people who are blind. It offers two types of phones that come with voice control, object tagging, and an SOS button for emergencies. Each phone is tested by blind people, ensuring that the phone is productive and helpful for that community.

A digital assistant is a predictive chatbot that simulates a conversation with people who use it. These assistants perform daily tasks when asked, including:

This voice-activated software can understand and carry out electronic tasks. The user can speak a command and the digital assistant will perform it. Examples of digital assistants include:

Home automation tools can help people with disabilities perform tasks like vacuuming, changing the temperature, or tracking lost items. Although they are similar to digital assistants in that they can help with tasks, home automation tools typically perform one task and are programmed by a timer or triggered by a button. Examples of home automation tools include:

My Computer My Way is a step-by-step guide for technology users with disabilities. This resource allows people to make singular adjustments to their electronics based on the type of disability. For instance, people can learn how to:

The Global Accessibility Reporting Initiative (GARI) helps consumers with disabilities find devices that work best for them. GARI helps users learn more about accessibility features on mobile devices and help identify features that would best suit them. People can search by device or disability. They can compare buying options, manufacturers, accessibility features, and accessible apps that are supported by a certain device. GARI also lists and explains the types of features that would be of interest for each impairment. For instance, those with low vision might be interested in the following features:

The National Federation of the Blind (NFB) is the largest organization of blind people. Throughout the states, the NFB coordinates programs, services, and resources to provide information and support children and adults who are blind. In their resource section, users can find tech reviews, podcasts, research papers, and statistics related to vision impairment. Additionally, they provide overviews of popular tools that people with vision impairment can use. Their Independence Market offers an array of products and literature for the blind community. The NFB also provides programs and services including:

The National Library Service (NLS) for the Blind and Print Disabled offers a free national library program that includes Braille and recorded materials to people with blindness. The NLS is funded by Congress and books can be mailed free to consumers as “free matter for the blind or handicapped.” To be eligible for this program, consumers must be residents of the United States or prove American citizenship if they are living abroad. Additionally, they must be unable to read regular print material. The NLS offers books, magazines, Braille and audio reading downloads (BARD), and BARD mobile apps.

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This tablet doesn’t require Wi-Fi; it can send and receive data through a 4G LTE connection. In fact, its large 1920×1200 full HD display is perfect for seniors who prefer a larger screen and text. It comes complete with colorful icons and large text to make it easier for seniors experiencing memory or vision loss. If you’re an older adult with dementia, you can use the simplified video chat feature to stay connected with loved ones. With loud speakers and dual speakers, you can easily browse the internet, listen to music, or play popular games like sudoku or other brain games to improve memory.

The GrandPad is user-friendly and great for users who have minimal experience using tablets or cell phones. When I turned on the device, I was able to watch the welcome video, which reviewed all of the important features of the tablet, ranging from photos to contacts. I liked that this tablet lets you create a private circle where a family administrator can be in charge of managing the GrandPad and creating a close circle of family contacts. With the GrandPad, there’s no dialing or typing required; all you have to do is simply touch the screen and click on large fonts and buttons to navigate and connect with loved ones. For instance, when I wanted to make a call, all I had to do was click on the photo of a loved one, and it automatically placed a call.

A first reaction might be, if users can’t see the screen, how can they know where to touch? It might seem impossible to design touch-driven interfaces for vision-impaired users. And if it’s impossible, then you don’t need to try. Wrong: it is not impossible, and it definitely is worth the effort to make touchscreen designs accessible, particularly since touch is the interaction modality for all modern mobile devices.

Not many designers, developers, and UX professionals have had the occasion to dive in and learn about how people who are blind or have low vision use touchscreens. To be honest, I hadn’t until I attended a conference on accessible technologies.

That first day, in a hotel conference room, I was struck by the number of people attentively tapping, typing, and swiping on their touchscreen phones and tablets, with the screens turned off. They wore headphones as they listened to screen readers speak the text on their screens. Before the conference, I had tried out my phone’s built-in screen reader a few times, mostly as a way to have long articles read aloud to me. But I’d never taken the plunge to use the web or applications with the screen off.

As a sighted person unaccustomed to using a screen reader, relying only on spoken words to interact with my phone quickly became exhausting. I was impatient that I couldn’t quickly glance down to see what else was on the screen. I had to wait for the reader to announce something interesting, or slide my finger across the screen and hope to hear the keywords that I wanted. At one point, I accidentally activated my browser’s settings menu and couldn’t, for the life of me, figure out what had happened. Having the screen off also tested my recall ability, especially when typing. Normally, I type fast and can even type without constantly looking at the keys. But, because there is no haptic feedback on on-screen keyboards, when you can’t see the keys at all it’s much more difficult. For example, imagine you can’t see the screen and you want to search for an extension cord online. You’re in the search box and you’re aiming for the letter X, but the screen reader tells you that your finger has landed on C. Do you move your finger left or right? Trick question — the correct answer is that you give up and use the dictation tool, because it will take you forever to type the phrase “extension cord”.

People who are blind or have low vision rely on touchscreen mobile devices for the same reasons sighted people do: portability and on-the-go convenience. Texting, sending quick emails, making phone calls, looking up tomorrow’s weather, catching up on the latest news headlines, setting reminders and alerts for ourselves — we all appreciate the quick access to these when we’re on the go. People with low vision are no exception. Moreover, some applications designed specifically for people who have visual impairments help them identify colors, currency, labels, and even objects.

TapTapSee is an application that helps recognize objects in the real world. Users take a picture of an object with their device’s camera, and the app identifies what the object is, speaking the description aloud. In the screenshots above, it correctly identified a US $5 bill (left), and even specifically identified my “MacBook Pro and gray wireless Apple keyboard on brown wood table” (right). Pretty impressive.

For people who have low vision, using a touchscreen typically consists of listening to text read aloud by a screen reader and interacting with the elements on screen via a lexicon of multi-finger gestures.

Screen readers are software programs that identify the elements displayed on a screen and repeat that information back to the user, via text–to–speech or braille output devices. While sighted people visually scan a page, people who have visual impairments use screen readers to identify text, links, images, headings, navigation elements, page regions, and so on.

Listening to a screen reader requires a significant amount of focus and significantly increases the user’s cognitive load. You have to pay attention as the text is spoken, so that you can figure out what’s on the page, what is interesting to you, and whether or not an element is actionable. Unlike visual web pages, screen readers also present information in strict sequential order: users must patiently listen to the description of the page until they come across something that is interesting to them; they cannot directly select the most promising element without first attending to the elements that precede it. However, some amount of direct access is available. If users expect news headlines to be in the middle of the page, they can place a finger in that general area of the screen to have the voice reader skip the page elements preceding that position, thus saving the time of listening to the entire page. If users expect the shopping cart to be in the upper right corner, they can touch that part of the screen directly.

If you miss something, you can’t glance back. Instead, you flick one finger across the screen until you hear what you missed. Listening to a page being read aloud requires that users hold a lot of information in their short-term memory. Consider the task of listening to a waiter reciting a long list of specials: you have to pay attention and remember all of them as you’re deciding your choice of entrée for the evening, The same happens when you’re listening to a screen reader, only on a larger scale.

(You can try it yourself. Turn on your device’s screen reader in the Accessibility section. For iPhones, go to Settings > General > Accessibility > VoiceOver. For Android, go to Settings > Accessibility. Give it a try for a few hours. Good luck. It takes a while to get the hang of it, but it will come.)

Browsing on touchscreen devices involves a range of gestures, many of which offer far more functionality than the tap and swipe gestures of the sighted world. To give you a better idea, here is a sample of some of the most common gestures for VoiceOver:

As you can see, the vocabulary of gestures that users with low vision have to learn is quite wide. We know that gestures have low discoverability and learnability, yet for power users they do represent the only way to navigate efficiently through a system largely based on sequential access.

A lack of visual information is taxing on the user experience, because people cannot quickly glance around a page, scan a list of menu choices, or aim with certainty at a target. They cannot use visual cues to detect page hierarchy, or groupings, or relationships between content, or the even the tone of an image. They must discern this information based on the text that is spoken by the screen reader. Add to that all the gestures they have to learn in order to interact with a website or application. It’s a lot of information to keep track of, and we haven’t even mentioned the demands of understanding the content itself.

Designers and developers need to keep users with low vision in mind when creating interfaces and applications. (Of course, they should strive for inclusive design, which considers people with all types of impairments in mind, such as cognitive and motor impairments. But for this article, we’re focusing on vision impairments.) Below are a few suggestions.

If the user experience for sighted users is remotely challenging, the experience is going to be much more challenging for people who are blind. Very often, improving the interface for sighted people goes a long way toward improving site for people with visual impairments.

Focus on cutting out extraneous copy and functionality that add little benefit to users. Less text on a page means there are fewer words for sighted users to scan, and less text for screen-reader users to listen to.

Make pages easy to navigate with the keyboard only, and you’ll address some of the most common usability issues for people using screen readers on mobile devices.

Designers, developers, and usability professionals need to understand what the experience of using touchscreen devices is like for people who are blind or have low vision. Beyond that, we need remember that compliance with accessibility guidelines is not the end goal: usability is.

Memory loss can disrupt your daily life and may be a symptom of Alzheimer’s disease or other dementia. Are you or a loved one feeling concerned about memory loss?

Grayline Research Center is proud to offer free confidential memory screens for individuals who have concerns about their memory or want to check their memory now for future comparison.

All memory screens are performed by staff who are trained in identifying problems with memory or thinking. The screening is non-invasive, consists of a series of questions and tasks, and takes around 30 minutes to administer.

Memory screenings are used as an indicator of whether a person might benefit from an extensive medical exam, but they are not used to diagnose any illness and in no way replace an exam by a qualified healthcare professional. We encourage medical follow up.

Encourage those with memory problems to follow up with an exam by a physician or other qualified healthcare professional for an accurate diagnosis, treatment, social services, and community resources

*Because we are screening for memory concerns, we recommend you attend the Free Memory Screen with a trusted individual. If you are scheduling a memory screen appointment for someone other than yourself, please indicate this when you call to schedule an appointment.

You can’t find your keys, or perhaps you forgot an appointment. For many people in middle age or older, simple acts of forgetfulness like these are scary because they raise the specter of Alzheimer’s disease.

But Alzheimer’s is not the only health problem that can lead to forgetfulness, says the National Institute on Aging. Memory lapses can happen at any age and for a number of reasons. And when the underlying cause is treated, the memory problems often improve as well.

“Patients might experience memory loss and describe their symptoms similarly, but a doctor can tease apart what parts of the brain are affected,” says Seth Gale, MD, a neurologist at Brigham and Women’s Hospital and assistant professor of neurology at Harvard Medical School in Boston.

“When you drill down and find out what’s actually happening with someone’s mental functions, you can reassure them. For example, it’s common for people to still have the capacity to learn and store information, but because of their overloaded mental resources at this time of their life, they have trouble doing it well,” Dr. Gale says.

Talk with your doctor about concerns you may have about your memory, so that the condition responsible for your symptoms can be addressed. Discussing your symptoms and taking various tests, including possibly an MRI, may help your doctor determine what is affecting your memory, Gale says.

Significant stress or anxiety can lead to problems with attention and memory, says Constantine Lyketsos, MD, director of the Memory and Alzheimer"s Treatment Center at Johns Hopkins Medicine and professor and chair of psychiatry at Johns Hopkins Bayview.

This is particularly common among people who may be juggling home and work responsibilities and are not sleeping well. Usually, easing stress can improve memory, he says.

Untreated chronic stress can lead to depression, which could also affect brain function, including some measures of memory, according to a study published in May 2022 in Frontiers in Psychiatry. However, a mood disorder such as depression may improve with medication and counseling, notes the National Institute on Aging.

Sleep problems, including insomnia, or the chronic inability to fall or stay asleep, as well as sleep apnea, a disorder that causes breathing to stop briefly and frequently throughout the night, have been linked with memory loss and dementia, according to Harvard Medical School. Lack of sleep causes fatigue, which, in turn, can lead to brain fog and memory problems, it says.

In a study published in May 2022 in the Journal of Sleep Research, people with insomnia and sleep apnea were less likely to perform well on assessments designed to measure memory, compared with people without those conditions.

When not treated, sleep apnea affects spatial navigational memory, found a study published in the Journal of Clinical Sleep Medicine in 2021. This type of memory includes being able to remember directions and where you put things, like your keys, Dr. Lyketsos says.

One explanation is that for people with sleep apnea, oxygen delivery to the brain is interrupted several hundred times during the night, explains Lyketsos. “The brain is stressed by the oxygen disruption, so people wake up,” he says. The injury that sleep apnea causes can show up as a variety of memory loss symptoms, he adds.

Memory loss or forgetfulness could be a sign that your medication needs to be adjusted. Several types of drugs can affect memory, according to the American Association of Retired Persons, including:Anti-seizure medications

The U.S. Food and Drug Administration also cautions that the cholesterol-lowering drugs known as statins could slightly increase the risk of reversible cognitive side effects, including memory loss and confusion.

A lack of sufficient levels of B12, one of the B vitamins essential for normal nerve function, can lead to confusion and even dementia, according to the Cleveland Clinic.

Each day, adults should get about 2.4 micrograms of B12 in their diet from foods such as dairy products, meat, and fish, or from foods fortified with vitamin B12, such as fortified cereals, according to the National Institutes of Health.

Taking certain medications, include metformin, proton pump inhibitors or H2 blockers (both are drugs that decrease stomach acid), and birth control pills

Mild memory problems can also develop gradually after “silent strokes” — or those that occur without any noticeable symptoms — which affect smaller blood vessels, the American Heart Association says. These changes in brain function, which can range from mild to severe, are called vascular cognitive impairment.

The brain is especially vulnerable to blocked or reduced blood flow depriving it of oxygen and essential nutrients. People with memory loss are at a greater risk of stroke. And forgetfulness may be an early warning sign of cardiovascular diseases, including stroke, a study published in BMC Public Healthin 2021 found.

Other conditions that can lead to problems with memory include:InfectionMemory loss may be attributed to severe infection around the brain, particularly if it’s left untreated, Gale says. For example, some people with long COVID-19 have reported memory loss following infection, according to Lyketsos.

Head InjurySymptoms of a mild brain injury may include confusion and trouble with memory and concentration, according to the U.S. National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke.

Tumors Memory and the ability to process information may be affected by brain tumors, says the National Brain Tumor Society. In addition, the treatments for a brain tumor, such as brain surgery, chemotherapy, or radiation therapy, can all affect your memory.

Alcoholism, Substance AbuseBoth alcoholism and drug abuse can affect memory, says Lyketsos. A study published in April 2022 in the Journal of Translational Medicine found that heavy alcohol consumption among adults age 70 and older increased their risk of cognitive impairment, compared with light drinkers and nondrinkers in the same age group.

Dementia is a syndrome of gradual onset and continuing decline of higher cognitive functioning. It is a common disorder in older persons and becomes more prevalent in each decade of life. Approximately 10 percent of adults 65 years and older, and 50 percent of adults older than 90 years, have dementia. It is common for older patients to present to family physicians with concerns of memory loss. With an accurate and timely diagnosis of dementia, appropriate therapies can be initiated to reduce further cognitive decline. Therefore, family physicians play a key role in evaluating patients with suspected dementia. Given conflicting recommendations about the initial evaluation of patients with dementia, the availability of genetic markers for Alzheimer’s disease, and new neuroimaging methods such as positron emission tomography, confusion may arise concerning how best to evaluate these patients.

Initial laboratory evaluation, including tests for complete blood count, thyroid- stimulating hormone, serum electrolytes, serum calcium, and serum glucose, should be performed.C

A thorough history should include discussion with other family members and evaluation of the patient for depression. The Geriatric Depression Scale is an example of an instrument that can be used.C

Patients often present with concerns of recent memory loss. However, it is not uncommon for a family member to bring these concerns to the physician because some patients deny their impairment or excuse the memory loss as a normal part of aging. The diagnosis of dementia can be suggested when there is an impairment in memory and an impairment of at least one other area of higher cognitive functioning (e.g., judgment, abstract thinking, complex task performance, agnosia, apraxia, visuospatial awareness, personality change in the context of deficits) that interferes with normal social and executive functioning in an otherwise alert person.

Early symptoms that may suggest a dementing illness include difficulty in learning and retaining new information, handling complex tasks, reasoning (for otherwise simple problem-solving), and problems with spatial awareness (finding one’s way around familiar places), language (specifically difficulty expressing oneself or getting “lost” in conversations), and behavior (usually passive, suspicious, or more irritable or aggressive than usual).

Alzheimer’s disease accounts for 50 to 60 percent of all dementing illnesses. Vascular dementias (e.g., major cerebrovascular insults, microvascular pathology) are common in 15 to 20 percent of patients, and often occur with Alzheimer’s disease. The combination of Alzheimer’s disease and vascular dementia or other dementing disorders is termed “mixed dementias.” Conditions that may cause dementia are listed by frequency in 12 deficiency, and hypothyroidism often are comorbid conditions, it is not uncommon to treat an apparently reversible dementia only to find that symptoms were really caused by Alzheimer’s disease or vascular dementia.

Mental status examinations are used to measure the degree of cognitive impairment. A number of instruments have been developed for this purpose. Five commonly used instruments and their characteristics are shown in

The most frequently used mental state examination in North America is the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE). The MMSE measures many areas of cognitive functioning including memory, orientation to place and time, naming, reading, copying (visuospatial orientation), writing, and the ability to follow a three-stage command. It can be administered in five to 10 minutes and is scored from zero to 30 points. A score of fewer than 24 points signifies cognitive impairment, although the test can be adjusted for educational level.http://www.minimental.com andhttps://www.aafp.org/afp/20010215/703.html.

The Blessed Information Memory Concentration (BIMC) instrument primarily assesses orientation, memory, and concentration (counting forward and backward, and naming the months of the year in reverse order).

The Blessed Orientation Memory Concentration instrument is a shortened version of the BIMC with six questions assessing orientation to time, recall of a short phrase, counting backward, and reciting the months in reverse order.

The purpose of laboratory testing is to exclude potentially reversible causes of dementia. The American Academy of Neurology recommends two laboratory tests for the initial evaluation of the patient with suspected dementia—thyroid function and vitamin B12 level.

A lumbar puncture is not recommended for routine evaluation, but should be considered for patients with suspected neurosyphilis, cerebral vasculitis, HIV infection, slow-virus diseases, or cerebral Lyme disease. Routine testing for genetic markers such as apolipoprotein E is not recommended.

Neuropsychologic testing can comprehensively assess multiple domains of higher cognitive functioning including intelligence and behavioral functioning. A trained psychologist or psychometrician performs neuropsychologic testing. Higher cognitive functioning (logical reasoning, abstract and conceptual reasoning, visuospatial orientation, constructional ability, abstract thinking, memory, verbal reasoning, verbal fluency, etc.) is evaluated. Neuropsychologic testing has the potential to identify cognitive impairment objectively in patients with higher baseline cognitive abilities. It also may reveal subtle cognitive impairment in persons with suspected cognitive impairment or dementia and in persons at increased risk of cognitive impairment,

Neuropsychologic testing may be considered as an adjunctive option for patients and families who are anxious to define and measure (in a standardized fashion) cognitive functioning and then monitor for changes over time. Other candidates for possible formal testing include persons who are not well educated, those who do not have English as their native language, and persons who are functioning “normally” or who are minimally impaired on screening. Although it can be useful in evaluating the impact of depression, anxiety, and other psychologic symptoms on cognitive functioning,

Mutation analysis was carried out using Sanger sequencingPSEN1 or APP were assessed for the presence of additional mutations in other dementia-related genes using the Medical Research Council Dementia Gene Panel

All methods were performed in accordance with the relevant guidelines and regulations. The study was approved by The National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery and Institute of Neurology Joint Research Ethics Committee (subsequently, National Research Ethics Service Committee, London Queen Square, REC ref 11/LO/0753). Written informed consent was obtained from all participants.

The study protocol included the “Object-localisation” VSTM taskhttp://sprott.physics.wisc.edu/fractals.htm). Following Liang and colleagues’ finding that testing confined to only 50 trials was sufficient to distinguish FAD cases from controls2). Periods between saccades were defined as fixations. A 9-point calibration and validation were performed prior to the experiment. All the data were obtained from recordings with an average Cartesian prediction error of < 1° during the validation. A drift correction procedure was used before each individual trial.

In addition to identification accuracy and localisation error, two additional outcome metrics of task performance have been used in previous publicationsS1).

All eye-tracking recordings were visually inspected using Data Viewer to check for any signal loss that would interfere with data analysis and interpretation of results. Blinks were identified and removed using Eyelink’s automated blink detection. Vision was binocular but only eye movements from the right eye were recorded.

In order to test the hypothesis that encoding—indexed indirectly by the overall time spent fixating a stimulus—might be particularly affected in presymptomatic FAD individuals, we examined four metrics related to perception of the stimuli. An assumption that we wanted to check was whether one reason for variable or poor performance was not having spent an equal amount of time processing the details of each fractal. This metric will be referred here as “equality” (see below).

The eye-tracking measures capturing exploration strategies (for each trial) during the 3-s viewing period were:Total dwell time on fractals: sum of the total fixation time on all fractals.

In order to account for any low-level oculomotor differences, we also evaluated basic oculomotor metrics (defined for each trial) between groups using Eyelink’s automated detection algorithm:Saccade amplitude (deg): average amplitude of each saccade.

Baseline demographics and neuropsychology scores were compared between controls and each of SMCs, late PMCs and early PMCs using ANOVA (age; NART; verbal and performance IQ; arithmetic; digit span backwards; verbal and category fluency; GNT; spatial digit span forwards or backwards) or Kruskal–Wallis test where the distribution of the variable was skewed (MMSE; education level-in years; CDR score; anxiety; depression; self-reports of subjective decline, measured via the MyCog and AD8 scales; RMT for faces and words; digit span forwards; BPVS; VOSP OD; Stroop; Camden PAL; digit symbol; Trails). Normality was tested using the Shapiro–Wilk normality test. After this, either parametric or non-parametric (Dunn’s test) post-hoc pairwise comparisons were used to investigated where differences were observed. Fishers’ exact test was used to compare the sex distribution between the groups instead of Chi-squared test as this is more appropriate for smaller sample sizes.

Behavioural performance on the VSTM task was compared between controls and patient groups. Due to a skewed distribution the absolute localisation error for each trial was log-transformed and analysed using a linear regression model. Analysis of object identity used a logistic regression model. Models used robust standard errors to account for clustering by participant. Regression analysis was used in order to allow analysis of the full trial-by-trial data which was available.

Visual exploration metrics and basic oculomotor characteristics, on each trial, were compared between controls and patient groups using multivariable linear regression models. Examination of residuals was performed to check model fits. For outcomes with skewed distributions (saccade amplitude, saccade duration, average saccade velocity, peak velocity, DT and Eq) bootstrapping, clustered on individual to account for repeated measures, was used to produce bias-corrected and accelerated (BCA) 95% confidence intervals (CIs) from 2000 replications.

To investigate the relationship between VSTM function and viewing behaviour we used multivariable linear or logistic regression models, where the outcome was the VSTM metric on each trial (identification accuracy or log of localisation error) and the predictors were group, sex, age at assessment, NART scores and the visual exploration strategy metrics (DT, Pr, Eq and S). Interactions were examined between visual exploration strategy metrics and group and between visual exploration strategy metrics, group and delay in relation to VSTM performance where relevant.

All models were adjusted for sex, age, NART and delay (1- vs 4-s). As saccade amplitude, velocity and duration are closely linked to one another, they were each included as covariates in corresponding models.

For each variable, participants were excluded if their overall performance deviated by 2.5 standard deviations (SD) from either side of the mean of each group (a total of n = 3 were excluded: n = 1 due to loss of eye-tracking signal throughout the experiment; n = 1 due to the DT score and n = 1 due to the Eq score). Statistical significance threshold was set to p < 0.05 and all analysis performed on Stata v.14.

The central changes in cognitive ability due to sports concussion are memory, cognitive processing speed, and reaction time — all measured at millisecond accuracy by the CANS-MCI. Our automated administration also eliminates the potential for either the deliberate or unintended bias of in-person testers. Comparison to baseline can be performed before risking a second concussion.

Brain fog associated with COVID is a disorder of executive function that makes even basic cognitive tasks complicated; memory can also be affected. The CANS-MCI measures the relevant cognitive dimensions and the influence of depression, making it exceptionally accurate for longitudinal tracking.

Biomarker research finds CANS-MCI performance predicts both elevated Aβ and tau. The CANS-MCI captures item-level response times at millisecond accuracy and can detect patterns of delay associated with the preclinical stage of AD. To read more about this research, click here.

For portability and ease-of-use we recommend a “convertible”, “hybrid”, or “2-in-1” notebook / laptop. Surface Pro tablets (native 2:3 ratio) and point of sale monitors (native 4:3 ratio) are also fine.

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