flat panel lcd monitors factory

Flat-panel displays are thin panels of glass or plastic used for electronically displaying text, images, or video. Liquid crystal displays (LCD), OLED (organic light emitting diode) and microLED displays are not quite the same; since LCD uses a liquid crystal that reacts to an electric current blocking light or allowing it to pass through the panel, whereas OLED/microLED displays consist of electroluminescent organic/inorganic materials that generate light when a current is passed through the material. LCD, OLED and microLED displays are driven using LTPS, IGZO, LTPO, and A-Si TFT transistor technologies as their backplane using ITO to supply current to the transistors and in turn to the liquid crystal or electroluminescent material. Segment and passive OLED and LCD displays do not use a backplane but use indium tin oxide (ITO), a transparent conductive material, to pass current to the electroluminescent material or liquid crystal. In LCDs, there is an even layer of liquid crystal throughout the panel whereas an OLED display has the electroluminescent material only where it is meant to light up. OLEDs, LCDs and microLEDs can be made flexible and transparent, but LCDs require a backlight because they cannot emit light on their own like OLEDs and microLEDs.

Liquid-crystal display (or LCD) is a thin, flat panel used for electronically displaying information such as text, images, and moving pictures. They are usually made of glass but they can also be made out of plastic. Some manufacturers make transparent LCD panels and special sequential color segment LCDs that have higher than usual refresh rates and an RGB backlight. The backlight is synchronized with the display so that the colors will show up as needed. The list of LCD manufacturers:

Organic light emitting diode (or OLED displays) is a thin, flat panel made of glass or plastic used for electronically displaying information such as text, images, and moving pictures. OLED panels can also take the shape of a light panel, where red, green and blue light emitting materials are stacked to create a white light panel. OLED displays can also be made transparent and/or flexible and these transparent panels are available on the market and are widely used in smartphones with under-display optical fingerprint sensors. LCD and OLED displays are available in different shapes, the most prominent of which is a circular display, which is used in smartwatches. The list of OLED display manufacturers:

MicroLED displays is an emerging flat-panel display technology consisting of arrays of microscopic LEDs forming the individual pixel elements. Like OLED, microLED offers infinite contrast ratio, but unlike OLED, microLED is immune to screen burn-in, and consumes less power while having higher light output, as it uses LEDs instead of organic electroluminescent materials, The list of MicroLED display manufacturers:

LCDs are made in a glass substrate. For OLED, the substrate can also be plastic. The size of the substrates are specified in generations, with each generation using a larger substrate. For example, a 4th generation substrate is larger in size than a 3rd generation substrate. A larger substrate allows for more panels to be cut from a single substrate, or for larger panels to be made, akin to increasing wafer sizes in the semiconductor industry.

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LCDs find application in a wide range of devices such as smartphones, notebooks, televisions, curved TVs, tablets, digital signage and offer various other benefits with regard to performance and lightweight properties. These displays have higher resolution and more portable than traditional televisions and monitors ; they can produce high-quality digital images.

Prior to the Covid-19 pandemic outbreak in early 2020, the flat-panel display (FPD) market was gloomy. Oversupply, falling prices and losses were the common themes in the market.

It’s been a different story during the outbreak. In 2020, the FPD market rebounded. In the stay-at-home economy, consumers went on a buying spree for monitors, PCs, tablets and TVs. As a result, demand for displays exploded. And shortages soon surfaced for display driver ICs and other components.

2021 is expected to be another boom year, but the party may be over in 2022. The global flat panel display market is expected to jump 28% in 2021 to reach a record high of $ 151 billion. A performance drawn more by old LCD screens (liquid crystal display) than Oled screens.

In 2019 State-backed Chinese manufacturer BOE Technology Group has outstripped South Korea’s LG Display as the top maker of flat-panel displays this year, marking China’s growing dominance in the field. In 2021, another Chinese, CSOT, will climb to second place according to DSCC, and in 2024, a third Chinese, HKC, will climb to the third step of the podium.

Increasing use of flat panel display in healthcare industry is creating opportunities for manufacturers as the demand for high-pixel density display for diagnostic in healthcare is increasing. The demand is increasing for new surgical platforms that consists of ultra-high level of brightness to avoid glare and reflection in high light environment so there are opportunities for manufacturers to develop these platforms.

– Screen coating to protect the screen against scratches, touch, reflection, … this coating is applied to the substrate in liquid form and then cured in large oven. One problem with preferred coating compositions is that the temperature can not be tolerated by the glass substrate of the screen panel. For example one protective coating composition cures at about 800°C and the maximum temperature the glass substrate can withstand is about 550°C before it brings thermal damage. To compensate, the protective coating is “cured” in an oven set at a temperature lower than specified but for an extremely long period of time.

Manufacturer of standard & custom operator interface terminals, industrial computers, panel personal computers, software, LCD displays, VFD displays & accessories. Types of operator interface terminals include touch screen operator interface terminals, graphic operator interface terminals, PLC & motion controller interfaces, ASCII & motion controller interfaces, high speed operator interface terminals & widescreen operator interface terminals. Accessories such as controller cables, power cables, power supplies, memory cards, adapters & power isolators are also available. Types of software include industrial process control software, process monitoring software, utility software & operator interface software. Products are used in retail, kiosk, packaging, transportation, plastic manufacturing, medical, pharmaceutical, printing, security, water treatment, petrochemical, bottling & power generation applications. Products are UL® listed, CE certified & RoHS compliant.

Vacuum processing is employed in the manufacture of all flat panel displays ranging from Liquid Crystal Displays and Plasma Display Panels to Organic Light Emitting Diode displays. The most common flat panel technology used today employs processes similar to those used to fabricate microchip semiconductors. Flat Panel Displays can be found in computer monitors, TV’s, cell phones, PDA’s, digital cameras and other electronic devices. Vacuum processing is used to manufacture all flat panel displays just like it was for CRT TV’s. This includes Plasma Display Panels (PDP) used for large screen TV’s, Liquid Crystal Displays (LCD) which have replaced CRT displays in most applications and Organic Light Emitting Diode displays (OLED) which are used in a variety of applications such as cell phone displays and digital cameras.

Active Matrix Thin Film Transistor LCD (AM-TFT-LCD) – similar to manufacturing transistor switches and capacitors except it uses a glass substrate instead of silicon wafers.

Industrial Panels rugged Industrial Color and Grayscale LCD TFT Displays are designed to comply with a wide variety of standard and non-standard video display formats such as RS170, RS343, composite sync or sync-on-green (SOG), as well as TTL-style CGA, EGA and MDA interfaces. This extreme versatility is accomplished by virtue of our proprietary A/D LCD controller that accepts signal formats falling within the 15.75 to 68 kHz range.

In addition, our displays are designed to withstand the most extreme operational conditions and are perfect solutions for all industrial applications factory control and process control markets. The rugged QES1500 series of LCD flat panel displays can be packaged in Rack Mount, NEMA-rated Panel Mount, Wall Mount, Table Top, Open Frame or an OEM-specified console chassis. These panels are offered with a multitude of options such as Touch Screens, Sun Light Readable, BNC"s input connectors, Special Signal Interface and many more.

In today"s fast-changing environment, many companies are finding it difficult to support their legacy monitor product lines. Industrial Panels can help. Over the past 20 years, we have developed several stable product lines ideally suited to meet your legacy monitor needs.

For over two decades, Exyte has been the EPC/EPCM partner of choice to large flat panel display manufacturers worldwide. Our FPD facility solutions are advanced in terms of technology, designed for large capacity production, value-engineered and cost-optimized to help our clients meet productivity and yield targets while excelling in the FPD market. Benefit from our longstanding expertise in the planning, design and implementation of contamination-controlled FPD production areas – regardless of the project size, Exyte offers guaranteed time-to-market project execution.

Exyte offers advanced FPD manufacturing capabilities built for the future of the flat panel display market. We offer a unique combination of in-house expertise covering FPD processing technology, cleanroom contamination control and factory integration of the processing tools alongside equally large automation systems required to ensure high-productivity manufacturing. The process technologies utilized by our clients include thin film transistor (TFT) LCDs, organic light-emitting diodes (OLED), active-matrix organic light-emitting diode displays (AMOLED), as well as state-of-the-art touch screen panels.

Receive a free consultation to learn more about our indoor and outdoor industrial LCD monitor computer productsand touch screensand other accessories.

Choose a product category from our diverse selection of industrial LCD products. To help you decide which category best suits your LCD monitor needs, mouse over the images for a popup description of each product family.

At present, the mainstream display on the market is TFT-LCD, that is, thin film transistor liquid crystal display (Thin Film Transistor-Liquid Crystal Display).

As we mentioned above, people may not think that filtration is so closely connected to the production of TFT-LCD. Below we will explain the importance of filtration in production for flat panel displays.

TFT-LCD combines microelectronics technology with liquid crystal display technology, and its structure is like a “sandwich”. The TFT array is processed on the glass, and the substrate with color filtering film is used to form a liquid crystal box using LCD technology, and then the polarizer is laminated to form a liquid crystal display.

The TFT-LCD array process is similar to that of semiconductors, except that semiconductors use silicon wafers, while thin-film transistors process glass substrates.

In the manufacture of flat panel displays, the glass substrate is first cleaned, and after the film is formed on the surface, the photoresist is evenly coated on the substrate, and after the processes of exposure, development, etching, and stripping, the graphics on the mask plate are transferred to the substrate to form the exact corresponding graphics.

In the TFT-LCD array process, pollutants mainly come from the manufacturing process and the handling, packaging, transportation, and storage of glass substrates, the main pollutants are dust particles, fiber paper dust, mineral oil and grease, and other greases, inorganic particles such as silicon oxide, and residues of the preparation process, water stains, fingerprints, etc.

In flat panel display manufacturing, the residual photoresist needs to be peeled off after the film formation-lithography-etching process, thus bringing the process of this layer of film to an end.

With years of filtration experience and advanced manufacturing technology, Brother Filtration is able to provide helpful membrane-pleated filter cartridges and gas filter housing in every TFT-LCD production process.

With the development of digital products, people are longing for more and more high-quality products with better panel displays. Filtration is a crucial part of the production of flat panel displays and helps manufacturers to produce high-quality and more competitive products.

Brother Filtration not only manufactures all kinds of filter products that can be applied in TFT-LCD production but also offers better filtration solutions for panel display manufacturers. If you need more filtration solutions or a better filter cartridge to help your manufacturing, please feel free to contact us directly.

This book provides a broad overview of the manufacturing of flat panel displays, with a particular emphasis on the display systems at the forefront of the current mobile device revolution. It is structured to cover a broad spectrum of topics within the unifying theme of display systems manufacturing. An important theme of this book is treating displays as systems, which expands the scope beyond the technologies and manufacturing of traditional display panels (LCD and OLED) to also include key components for mobile device applications, such as flexible OLED, thin LCD backlights, as well as the manufacturing of display module assemblies.

Flat Panel Display Manufacturing fills an important gap in the current book literature describing the state of the art in display manufacturing for today"s displays, and looks to create a reference the development of next generation displays. The editorial team brings a broad and deep perspective on flat panel display manufacturing, with a global view spanning decades of experience at leading institutions in Japan, Korea, Taiwan, and the USA, and including direct pioneering contributions to the development of displays. The book includes a total of 24 chapters contributed by experts at leading manufacturing institutions from the global FPD industry in Korea, Japan, Taiwan, Germany, Israel, and USA. Provides an overview of the evolution of display technologies and manufacturing

Treats display products as systems with manifold applications, expanding the scope beyond traditional display panel manufacturing to key components for mobile devices and TV applications

Provides a detailed overview of the key unit processes and corresponding manufacturing equipment, including manufacturing test & repair of TFT array panels as well as display module inspection & repair

Flat Panel Display Manufacturing will appeal to professionals and engineers in R&D departments for display-related technology development, as well as to graduates and Ph.D. students specializing in LCD/OLED/other flat panel displays.

The flat-panel display market is starting to recover after a period of oversupply and lackluster growth, fueled by new technologies as well as more people working from home.

The flat-panel display market is complex. Several different technologies are at play, such as liquid-crystal displays (LCDs) for TV screens and other products, as well as organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) for smartphones. Cars, industrial equipment, PCs and tablets all incorporate flat-panel displays in one form or another. And for many products, the display is a big selling point for consumers.

For the flat panel market as a whole, 2019 was a tough year. Oversupply caused prices to drop, which in turn sparked some major changes in the landscape. Two South Korean suppliers — LG Display and Samsung — are retreating from the low-margin LCD business to focus on higher-end display technologies. Meanwhile, China-based suppliers have been building up a massive amount of fab capacity, with plans to dominate several sub-segments in the arena.

“In 2020, who would have thought that the three fastest growing segments on an area basis would be tablets, notebooks and monitors? Those three segments had been in decline,” said Ross Young, CEO at Display Supply Chain Consultants (DSCC), during a presentation at the recent Display Week 2020 conference. “We are now talking about double-digit growth in display revenues in 2021 with a brighter outlook post-COVID than pre-COVID.”

Not all products categories are robust. Smartphone demand is a mixed bag, while TVs are plodding along. So in total, worldwide display demand is projected to grow by 1% in 2020 over 2019, according to Omdia. Display capacity also will grow by 1%, meaning supply and demand are in balance in 2020, they said. “In the meantime, we are expecting the industry will experience a ‘V’ shape recovery for 2021. Flat-panel display area demand growth will increase by 9.5% in 2021,” said David Hsieh, an analyst at Omdia.

Capital spending for displays also appears to be a bright spot, which is welcome news for flat-panel display equipment suppliers. “(There is a) continuing investment in large panels for TVs and a recovery in investment for OLED for mobile applications,” said Toshiki Kawai, president and CEO of TEL, in a recent presentation. In terms of capital spending, the industry “is expecting approximately 15% year-over-year growth in CY2000,” Kawai said.

Apple and other smartphone OEMs continue to migrate from LCDs toward brighter OLED displays. Samsung is the leader in OLED fab production, but China is making a major push here.

The smartphone display market is dynamic. Smartphone displays based on OLED technology continues to take share away from LCDs, and the new 5G smartphones will accelerate that trend. Plus, foldable phones and tablets using OLED displays are finally shipping after several false starts.

An LCD is a mature and inexpensive technology with several parts. A backlight module is on the bottom of an LCD screen, followed by a thin-film transistor (TFT) array, liquid crystals, a color filter (red/green/blue), and a polarizer.

LCDs consist of a multitude of pixels. A pixel consists of three sub-pixels—red/green/blue (RGB). “A change in voltage applied to the liquid crystals changes the transmittance of the panel, including the two polarizing plates, and thus changes the quantity of light that passes from the backlight to the front surface of the display. This principle allows the TFT LCD to produce full-color images,” according to Japan Display.

Meanwhile, active-matrix OLEDs (AMOLEDs) use a series of thin, light-emitting films, which enable brighter displays than LCDs. OLEDs are also flexible, but they are more expensive than LCDs.

LCDs and OLEDs are manufactured in fabs using an assortment of equipment. Korea is still the OLED leader in terms of fab capacity with a 67% share, according to Omdia. But China is making a big push here, as the nation’s share of OLED fab capacity has jumped from 1% in 2014 to 31% in 2020, according to the firm.

By 2022, China is projected to have 21 small- to mid-sized display fabs, including LCD and OLED. Some 14 fabs are in production in China with 7 in the works, according to the firm. China also is building new fabs for large-screen LCDs for TVs.

On the product front, meanwhile, 70% of all smartphones use traditional LCD screens today, while 30% incorporate OLEDs, according to Omdia. By 2024, OLEDs will represent about 43% of the smartphone display market, they added.

5G, a next-generation wireless standard that is faster than today’s 4G, also will propel OLEDs. “AMOLED displays will grow, along with the 5G mobile phone market, due to their superior power consumption characteristics, which is lower than that of LCD displays,” said T.T. Yang, deputy division director of corporate marketing at UMC. “In addition, TDDI is the display driver IC with the touch controller function integrated on the same silicon chip, which has become very popular within the smartphone market over the past two years. It has started to expand into other applications for growth as TDDI has recently faced strong competition from AMOLED displays for smartphones. The new applications for TDDI include tablets, automotive display and others.”

Meanwhile, Samsung, the leading supplier of OLEDs, continues to improve the technology. Samsung developed a new OLED adaptive frequency technology, which reduces the power consumption of a display. “High-definition video streaming and gaming are expanding their capabilities in line with 5G commercialization, creating a widespread need for display panel technologies that can enable greater power savings,” said Ho-Jung Lee, vice president of mobile display products at Samsung Display.

Meanwhile, Apple’s iPhone 11 line consists of three models, including two OLED-based systems and one LCD product. For the upcoming iPhone 12, Apple will incorporate OLEDs in all models. The iPhone 12 also represents Apple’s entry into 5G.

Here’s what to expect for two iPhone 12 models: “The iPhone 12 Max is expected to be 5G using sub-6GHz technology and will feature a 6.1-inch flexible OLED sourced from BOE and LG Display with an add-on touch sensor and a rumored resolution of 2540 x 1174 or 460 PPI,” according to DSCC. “(The OLED for the) iPhone 12 Pro Max is expected to be exclusively supplied by Samsung Display and will have a 6.67-inch 2785 x 1293 flexible OLED panel.”

In terms of total area, LCDs for TVs represents the biggest market in the flat-panel display business. LCD TVs are commonplace today, but so-called advanced TVs are making inroads.

LCD TVs still dominate the consumer market, simply because they provide enough features at low price points. But LCD TV prices continue to tumble, forcing LCD vendors to develop and sell products at razor thin margins.

LCD TV technology is identical to LCDs for smartphones, but it’s on a much bigger scale. All LCDs are built in giant fabs using various equipment. The LCD manufacturing process takes place on an entire sheet of glass or substrate. Some glass sizes are the size of a garage door.

Today’s mainstream LCD TV fabs are based on Gen 8.5 and 10.5 technology. The term “Gen,” or generation, denotes the glass size. Gen 8.5 fabs produce panels at sizes of 2,200 x 2,500mm, while Gen 10.5 are 2,940 x 3,370mm.

The idea behind LCD manufacturing is to reduce the cost of the panel. To drive down the cost, a giant panel is fabricated in the fab and then cut into smaller displays. For example, Gen 10.5 fabs, the world’s largest plants, are ideal for making 43-, 65- and 75-inch LCD TV panels.

Nonetheless, in 2017, China took the lead over South Korea in terms of overall LCD fab capacity. In 2020, China will have 57% of the world’s TFT LCD fab capacity, according to Omdia. Taiwan is in second place (25%), followed by Korea (13%) and Japan (6%), according to the firm.

China continues to build LCD fabs. By 2022, China is projected to have 22 large-screen LCD display fabs. Some 15 fabs are in production with 6 in the works. That also includes China-based LCD fabs from both LG and Samsung, which are on the block.

OLED TVs continue to improve. At Display Week, LG Display presented a paper that outlined a new OLED display with a motion blur reduction technology. A key to the technology is a new gate driver IC. “The MPRT (moving picture response time) value of the 65‐inch ultrahigh‐definition OLED panels decreased by 3.4ms by using an integrated gate driver circuit,” said Hong Jae Shin, a researcher at LG.

Instead of the traditional methods, a company called JOLED is developing OLEDs using an inkjet printer. Using this technology, JOLED has developed 4K OLED monitors. “We have developed our own printing technology as a manufacturing method that can be developed in various sizes while maintaining high definition of over 200 ppi,” said Kazuhiro Noda, an executive officer at JOLED, in a paper at Display Week.

In another advanced TV category, Samsung and TCL are pushing quantum dot TVs. Quantum dots are inorganic semiconductor nanocrystals. When inserted into an LCD TV, quantum dots can boost the color gamut in the display.

8K TVs are also in the mix. Based on LCD technology, an 8K TV consists of a 7,680 x 4,320 screen, which equates to 33 million pixels, according to Samsung.

Traditional LEDs, which convert electrical energy into light, are used for backlights in LCD displays, billboards, consumer electronic items and lighting. LEDs come in different configurations, such as monochrome and multi-color. An RGB LED, one popular type, consists of the primary colors in the gambit. These can create a number of different colors.

“MiniLEDs, which are larger than microLEDs, are now being incorporated in consumer devices such as TVs,” said Subodh Kulkarni, president and CEO of CyberOptics. “But microLED is an even more exciting area of innovation that is poised for growth. The disruptive technology enables products that are brighter, thinner, lighter and more dynamic than those currently on the market, with lower power consumption than LCDs or OLEDs. Tiny microLEDs can also be placed on flexible substrates. These advantages will continue to propel this technology forward.”

There are other approaches as well. Unlike microLEDs, which are still in R&D, miniLEDs are getting traction in tablets and monitors. “MiniLED backlights with the LCD is definitely the hottest topic in the IT area,” Omdia’s Hsieh said.

Clearly, the flat-panel display market is dynamic. Smartphones are moving towards brighter displays. TVs are also moving towards bigger screens with better quality. And the advanced TVs offer dazzling screen quality.