lcd panel rubbing cloth price

Friction process is meant, the friction cloth that will have pile yarns that fluffed is pasted on the outer peripheral face of metal system roller with double-sided adhesive tape, and by make this roller (hereinafter referred to as " friction roller ") at a high speed rotation to utilize the operation on pile yarns rubbed substrate surface.Here, on substrate surface, be coated with the alignment films that the polyimide resin by special use forms.What rub the cloth direct friction is the surface of this alignment films.Friction process is given the even chance of orientation of layer of liquid crystal molecule, promptly, the friction by friction cloth and alignment films so that the polyimide molecule of alignment layer surface extend axially with same, thereby utilize its state of orientation on layer of liquid crystal molecule, to form even the orientation.

In recent years, along with the more and more large-scale change of the display frame of liquid crystal board, exist the size of the glass substrate in the operation also to have the tendency of further expansion.Therefore, require the maximization of friction roller friction roller.The present invention by research be used to rub cloth velveting the base fabric tissue (cloth

), actively and equably tilting to the weft direction of weaving cotton cloth by making pile yarns, the length direction that just can get friction cloth is that the warp thread direction of velveting cuts off cloth.Therefore, can provide a kind of maximization of abundant reply friction roller, and can make show uneven less and the friction cloth of the high liquid crystal board of contrast.

For example, in the 6th generation of current main-stream (G6) production line, use the glass substrate of 1500mm * 1850mm size.Under the situation of the above-mentioned glass substrate of vertical or horizontal friction, as long as the width of friction cloth is 2000mm.Yet, also utilizing above-mentioned glass substrate to make under the situation of TN (twistednematic) plate, because frictional direction rotation 45 degree are handled, so the length maximum of the length direction of friction cloth reaches 2600mm.Thus, in the later large-scale production line of G6 production line, adopt the cloth (below be referred to as " vertically processing cloth ") of vertical processing of the long side direction of cloth being cut off by the direction of weaving cotton cloth (warp thread direction).Though vertically process the current main-stream of cloth is artificial silk cloth, has following problem as described later in vertical processing cloth of artificial silk, and promptly hair color and unstable tends to take place fricting strip, and causes being orientated the quality instability.

In the liquid crystal board that has utilized friction, fine hair is the rubbed substrate surface on frictional direction, therefore, can have the brightness disproportionation (fricting strip) of taeniae shape fully.This is based on the principle on the fibre frictoin surface that utilizes countless piloerections.Problem is the degree of above-mentioned fricting strip, that is to say the problem that whether can visually arrive.Adopt liquid crystal board among the TV, its requirement to display quality is more and more higher, therefore, must thoroughly reduce the brightness disproportionation as fricting strip.When the hair color change of pile of friction cloth, deviation takes place to the contact pressure of alignment films in pile on microcosmic and macroscopic view, and above-mentioned deviation can be reacted in the state of orientation of liquid crystal molecule, therefore, often can find fricting strip in the show state of liquid crystal board.This is the original shape of fricting strip.Like this, cause display quality not good, thereby the qualification rate of product is reduced.So, proposed to reduce the method for fricting strip.

For example, known have if process (Fig. 5) then method (Japanese kokai publication hei 7-168186 communique, Japanese kokai publication hei 11-183908 communique, No. 3209328 communique of Japan Patent) of fricting strip reduction according to the mode of the pile inclination that makes friction cloth with required angle.As the concrete grammar that the pile to friction cloth is implemented, proposed to utilize cellulose reactive resin finishing material to tilt and the method (No. 3032820 communique of Japan registration utility model) of maintenance by the clipping that the viscose rayon fibril forms.In said method, must be with the fixing artificial silk pile of rigidity deficiency of horripilation.So, the velvet after being made into is immersed in the cellulose reactive resin emulsion, then, on one side the dry enforcement on one side of its warm braw fluffing is handled.Fluffing is handled and to be to use the surface to be implanted with rotation round brush, the rotating band brush of stainless steel pin, and friction fine hair is so that its operation that rises and falls on the direction of expectation, and hair color is limited thus.In the above-mentioned operation, because of humidity, the Temperature Influence in season makes the aridity change, so horripilation in face, batch between be easy to take place deviation.Afterwards, under about 150 ℃, make hardening of resin by heating process with anchoring villus.The result that above-mentioned fluffing operation, heating process are made, batch between (lot-to-lot) be easy to change, therefore have the inclination problem of unstable, also be difficult to give pile enough uniform angle of inclination in addition.

Give stable pile inclination for eliminating the problems referred to above, propose on the base fabric warp thread direction, to apply the method (TOHKEMY 2004-341209 communique) of inclination by the base fabric tissue of research velvet.Can provide a kind of rubbing cloth material by said method, the above-mentioned rubbing cloth material bar that is used to create friction sharply reduces and the high liquid crystal board of contrast.Like this, not only can satisfy the raising display quality but also liquid crystal board can be maximized, in the technology of TOHKEMY 2004-341209 communique, also can solve problem in theory by the cloth of making wider width in order to realize simultaneously.Yet, cutting along the transverse width direction of weaving cotton cloth in the method for in the past weaving cotton cloth of length direction of friction cloth, is the wide cutization that realizes friction cloth, at first needs the loom of wide cut, the processing machine of subsequent handling, process equipment also all need to maximize in addition, therefore cause huge cost to increase.G7 (1870mm * 2200mm), G8 (2160mm * 2400mm), G9, G10 also will be further carried out in the expansion that is envisioned that motherboard from now on ...In addition, increase the manufacturing line that wide cloth is set newly in order to guarantee at any time to rub the cloth width, this is also unreasonable economically.

As the method for reply friction roller along with the wide cutization of the maximization of mother glass, following method has been proposed, as mentioned above, make the pile yarns of artificial silk flannelette along the weft direction of base fabric tissue (velvet cloth laterally), only with the corresponding length of width of the mother glass substrate that carries out friction treatment, the method for on warp thread direction, cutting off (No. 3400424 communique of Japan Patent).Yet, said method also is and in the past the identical gimmick of method basically, give the clipping inclination of artificial silk as mentioned above by napping (brushing), utilize the thermmohardening of cellulose reactive resin finishing material to fix its inclination again, thereby only change the napping direction along weft direction, therefore, still residual because of processing batch different inclination problem of unstable.

By figure aforesaid way is described.Figure 10 has the figure of one of the tissue of weaving cotton cloth of velveting that pile yarns are woven to the base fabric tissue of W font, is mainly used in situation about being made into the long fiber yarn, is used for the artificial silk rubbing cloth material.In Figure 10, warp thread 11 is under the weft yarn 1,3,5 and on the weft yarn 2,4,6.Warp thread 12 is on the weft yarn 1,3,5 and under the weft yarn 2,4,6.Their relation is so-called plain weave tissue.Pile yarns A, B, C, D are in illustrated position respectively, if observe weft yarn 3 from the direction of weft yarn 2, then as shown in figure 10, pile yarns C, D are to direction (right side among the figure) slight inclination of warp thread 12, but the tilt quantity deficiency is not designed to the structure of constant tilt in addition yet.

Figure 11 is mainly used in situation about being made into textile yarn, and has the figure of one of the tissue of weaving cotton cloth of velveting that pile yarns is woven to the base fabric tissue of V font, and it comes into the market as the batch rubbing cloth material.

Among Figure 11, weft yarn 1,2 is under the warp thread 11 and on the warp thread 12.Weft yarn 2 is on the warp thread 12, and therefore, shown in Figure 11 (イ), pile A is to warp thread 11 1 side slight inclination, and pile B is to warp thread 12 1 side slight inclination.In the above-mentioned tissue of weaving cotton cloth, the tilt quantity of weft direction is not enough and do not make its key element to the positive inclination of weft direction.So, when by the above-mentioned structure of weaving cotton cloth when giving the inclination of weft direction, napping degree methods on weft direction only, the inclination that only depends on napping is very unsettled, and does not have practicality.

Make another not normal main cause of the incline direction of friction cloth pile relevant with the back side coating operation of cloth.When producing rubbing cloth material, the dorsal part (not having the fine hair side) that is included in base fabric applies the operation of latex resin processing agent (acrylate, vinyl acetate class copolymerization etc.).It is referred to as " coating operation ".Suppose if implementing the back side applies, then cut off meeting such as wire gauze, pile yarns of end of the cloth of rubbing cloth material and reel off raw silk from cocoons, come off, thereby damage alignment films.Therefore, must carry out the back side to rubbing cloth material applies.When carrying out back side coating, be provided with a plurality of guide reels along the length direction (warp thread direction of base fabric) mobile (for example Figure 12) of cloth for making cloth.Therefore, the operation of the pile surface of guide reel rubbing cloth material will inevitably take place.When the pile surface that makes pile yarns to the rubbing cloth material of weft yarn direction inclination was directed the roller friction, cloth was along with the tilting action (with reference to Figure 12 (イ)) of pile yarns tends to the one-sided of close roller.So, special guide reel must be set or give tension force to cloth and limit laterally moving of cloth forcibly for preventing above-mentioned situation.In addition, be directed because of tension force under the situation of roller strong friction at rubbing cloth material, pile yarns also tilt to the body warp direction of cloth.The uniformity that above-mentioned key element tilts pile worsens.In fact, can measure the problems referred to above by following method.

As the method for the directionality of the hair of measuring pile yarns, generally be the vibration rubbing cloth material and measure monobasic coin on the hair that is placed on pile yarns or the method (No. 3636601 communiques of Japanese documentation) of the motion track of spherical ball.When being placed on, the monobasic coin utilize brush to make pile yarns on the friction cloth that weft direction tilts and when giving vibration, the monobasic coin roughly moves 90 degree directions (promptly with respect to the direction of body warp, weft direction) (Figure 13), when on the rubbing cloth material that once more the monobasic coin is placed on after base fabric applied and when giving vibration, the monobasic coin moves (Figure 14) with respect to the weft yarn adipping.The angle that above-mentioned monobasic coin moves reflects the power different situation on each position that is applied to pile yarns by the power that laterally moves that limits cloth forcibly.For example, along with the position difference of the weft direction of cloth also different (the angle difference of a1, a2, a3), and along with the position difference of the body warp direction of cloth is also different.

As implied above, after the back side of finishing base fabric applies, be difficult to by the napping cloth that the pile well azimuth is not normal once more proofread and correct so that pile be tilted to the weft yarn direction.Its reason is, in finishing the cloth that the back side applies, resin rises from the degree that the root of pile yarns is impregnated into the pile yarns fiber, thereby fiber is fixed.Therefore, in cloth integral body, difficult to realize the even inclination of weft direction.

Therefore used the rubbing cloth material of artificial silk pile, soaked the thermosetting resin of damp cellulose reactive and, can keep to a certain degree heeling condition in the weft yarn direction, thereby but also tilted because of the friction of above-mentioned guide reel to length direction with its sclerosis.On the other hand, the very thin degree of filament carefully, do not soak in the cotton yarn rubbing cloth material of damp thermosetting resin, the inclination of warp thread direction is in the domination position, therefore when the processing cloth, if the tension force that is applied to cloth is then different with the frictional resistance of guide reel because of processing batch difference, therefore, the inclination of pile yarns is not only along with processing batch difference, and also different according to each position of cloth.Moreover, under the situation of in the past cotton gauze, owing to do not soak damp resin finishing, be uniquely to give the method that pile tilts so have only unsettled napping, and do not have the method for constant tilt reliably.

As we view the television today, the warbled picture on a 1950s TV set seems almost a distant dream. The impressive Liquid Crystal displays (LCD) technology has been a ubiquitous part of our everyday lives for decades. Liquid Crystal Displays (LCDs) are used in all electronic devices such as in televisions, laptops, computers, cell phones and so on.

Rubbing is one of the most crucial processes required for LCD fabrication. The proper anchoring of liquid crystal, a component required for visual image production, is achieved via rubbing. Internationally, the display manufacturing industries have large rubbing machines for in-house consumption and R&D purposes. But even in the present day of globalization, researchers in India rely on manual rubbing process with not-so-well-reproducible results.

In view of its importance, a group of researchers from the University of Hyderabad have developed and designed a low-cost, indigenous rubbing machine—employed for the manufacturing of LCDs. Having the potential of creating new market forces across the globe, the machine is first of its kind in India and the cheapest in the world.

Liquid crystal display (LCD) screens are manufactured by assembling two transparent electrically conducting glass substrates in which the liquid crystal is confined. Aligning the sandwiched liquid crystal in a twisted fashion is very crucial for LCDs fabrication. The steps involved in creating the alignment layer include deposition of a thin layer of polymer, thermal treatment and a controlled uni-directional mechanical rubbing using soft velvet. Rubbing process creates microgrooves, where the liquid crystals get in, and so, a required alignment of liquid crystals is achieved over the entire LCD. Thus a uniform rubbing of substrate is very crucial for LCDs.

Dr Surajit Dhara, Professor, University of Hyderabad has been working actively in the field of liquid crystals for several years. The rubbing machine designed by Dr Dhara is simple to operate, portable, and inexpensive. A rotating spindle, stringed by a special velvet rubbing cloth is positioned above a vertically movable stage. The stage is put on a track so that it can move forward and backwards in the horizontal direction with specified speed. The glass plate is held by a vacuum chuck for which a vacuum pump has been included and integrated with the system. The glass plate along with vacuum chuck is held on a rotation stage so that it can be rotated and positioned at any required angle. Well defined microgrooves are created on the polymer coated glass plate as it moves along the stage on the track. The rubbing pressure is adjusted by changing the gap between the spindle and the glass plates at different vertical planes.

For various rubbing orientations, the entire process is repeated two or three times under similar conditions. While assembling the LCD panel, two plates are arranged in such a way that the microgrooves are orientated perpendicular to each other giving a twisted structure to the inserted liquid crystal.

Though LCDs are not manufactured in India yet the advent of this technology in advance is a step ahead in future. Transferred to Holmarc Opto-Mechatronics Pvt. Ltd. India, the machine is commercially sold in India and abroad. Currently, the technology is being used for R&D purposes—for making prototypes and in studying fundamental aspects of liquid crystals & LC based vehicles. It is expected that the machine will not only encourage LCDs fabrication in India but will also significantly lower the production cost.

One of the most common questions I am asked, now that LCDs are in wide use, is how to clean one.  Every manufacturer has their recommended method.  What Envision recommends will ruin an NEC LCD and void your warranty.  As you will be able to tell, every LCD needs to be cleaned in a different way.

Another thing I learned from finding all this information is that every manufacturer has the same warning: Never touch or press on the LCD screen with your fingers – NEVER!!!  Doing so can cause the pixels to short out and die.  Then you will have blank spots on your LCD.

I called CTX tech support and was told the way to clean their LCDs was in the Technical Glossary and General FAQ.  I asked the guy to check that out and he said he couldn’t find it either.  He said to use very mild soap, tepid or lukewarm water, and a just slightly moist lint-free cloth.  This is supposed to be added to their General FAQ.

Discussion: A common cause for marks on the LCD is oil and dirt deposited on the keys of the keyboard that can get pressed against the LCD when carried in a carrying case or when pressure is applied to the lid.

There are many cleaners sold specifically as LCD cleaners. These are perfectly acceptable for cleaning LCDs on Dell notebooks.  If you do not wish to purchase one of these products designated specifically as an LCD cleanser, the following is a list of what is and is not acceptable for cleaning your LCD.

These cleaners might cause permanent damage to the LCD due to a chemical reaction. Some commercial window cleaners contain ammonia and are generally unacceptable.

Clean the computer’s built-in LCD display with a soft, clean cloth and one of the cleaners listed above or a commercial window cleaner that does not contain ammonia, wax, or abrasives. Apply the cleaner to the cloth, and then stroke the cloth across the display in one direction, moving from the top of the display to the bottom. If the display contains grease or some other contaminant, use a cloth with an acceptable cleaner listed above instead of a commercial window cleaner.

A. You can use Windex® to clean the screen and 409® clean the outer casing of the monitor. Please use a “soft” non-fibrous cloth to clean the screen. Do not use any paper products to clean the screen.

Shut down and unplug the computer and clean the LCD screen with a soft cloth moistened only with water. Wet the cloth, wipe the display, and then dry the screen with another soft cloth.

Gently dust the screen with a dry, soft, lint-free cloth. If the screen is still dirty, you can dampen the cloth with several drops of distilled water.  Make sure the LCD panel is completely dry before you turn the display back on.[/box]

Soak a soft gauze cloth with isopropyl alcohol or ethyl alcohol diluted with water (1:1) and gently wipe the surface of the monitor. Do not dust it or wipe it with a cloth dampened with pure water.

CAUTION: Never use pure water to clean the LCD screen. Do not use cleaning solutions containing fluoride, acids, or alkalis. Do not use ketone substances such as acetone or solvents such as xylene or toluene to clean the monitor. Do not use benzene, thinner, ammonia, or any volatile substance to clean the monitor’s screen or cabinet. These chemicals may damage the monitor.

This is the strangest one ever.  On March 21, 2003, I e-mailed every e-mail address I could find on Hyundai’s web sites.  I guess I threw them for a loop because I received a phone call from a Peter at AVC Tech USA.  That must be Hyundai’s USA distributor.  Peter told me that Hyundai has NO written instructions for cleaning their LCDs.  Quoting Peter this is what he told me to do: “use alcohol and soft cotton cloth and don’t run too hard”.

The display area is highly prone to scratching.  Do not use ketone-type cleaners (i.e. acetone), ethyl alcohol, toluene, ethyl acid or methyl chloride to clean the panel.  Doing so may result in permanent damage.

You can use regular Windex, just do not spray directly to monitor screen, spray to a soft rag or cloth and then wipe out gently, any other question please let us know and thank you for your time.

CAUTION: Do not use benzene or thinner or rubbing alcohol.  Doing so may adversely affect the surface, e.g. discoloration.  In addition, do not use commercially-available cleaners and cosmetics as they may contain components harmful to the surface.

Unplug the monitor, if you need to clean it with a slightly damp cloth. Wiping the screen with a dry cloth is possible when the power is off. However, never use alcohol, solvents, or ammonia-based liquids.

If still not clean, apply a small amount of non-ammonia, non-alcohol based glass cleaner onto a clean, soft, lint-free cloth, and wipe the screen with only slight pressure. Too much pressure may damage the screen.

If still not clean, apply a small amount of a non-ammonia, non-alcohol based, mild non-abrasive detergent onto a clean, soft, lint-free cloth, then wipe the surface.

A: We recommend that you use a cleaner specifically designed for electronic equipment to clean the case and, if necessary, a separate cleaner specifically designed for cleaning LCD Panels. This should be used in conjunction with a soft, lint-free cloth.

A: Any cleaning solution should be applied to the cloth. Under no circumstances should you spray the cleaner directly onto the machine. The excess cleaner may find its way into sensitive areas of the machine and can cause severe damage.

A: In general, the answer to this question is yes. Most cleaners that are satisfactory for cleaning the case of your WinBook are not satisfactory for cleaning the LCD panel. You should look for a cleaner that is specifically designed and labeled for cleaning LCD screens.

The present invention relates to a rubbing method and a method of fabricating a liquid crystal display (LCD) device using the same, and particularly, to a rubbing method through bidirectional rubbing and a method of fabricating an LCD device using the same.

As concerns about an information displays and demands for portable information media are increased, research and commercialization of flat panel displays (FPD) replacing the conventional display apparatus, Cathode Ray Tubes (CRT) are actively ongoing. One of these flat panel displays, a Liquid Crystal Display (LCD) device serves to display an image by using optical anisotropy of liquid crystal (LC). Owing to an excellent resolution, color reproduction characteristic, and picture quality, the LCD device is being actively applied to a notebook, a desk top monitor, etc.

Generally, the LCD device indicates a display device capable of displaying a desired image by controlling each optical transmittance of LC cells arranged in a matrix form, by individually supplying data signals according to image information to the LC cells.

FIG. 1 is a disassembled perspective view schematically illustrating a structure of a liquid crystal display (LCD) device in accordance with the related art. As shown in FIG. 1, the LCD device largely comprises a color filter substrate 5, an array substrate 10, and an LC layer 40 interposed between the color filter substrate 5 and the array substrate 10.

As shown in FIG. 2, an alignment layer (not shown) formed on the substrate 10 undergoes a rubbing process such that grooves are formed on the surface of the alignment layer. This rubbing process indicates rubbing the surface of the alignment layer in a constant direction with using a rubbing roll 30 having a rubbing cloth 35 rolled thereon.

Due to a pattern of a high stair-step such as a column spacer (CS) formed between the pixel regions (P), a rubbing process may not be normally performed at the end of the pattern. This may cause disclination, rubbing scratches, rubbing tails, etc. In this case, black brightness may be increased regardless of whether the alignment layer is determined to be inferior or not.

This problem may result from the rubbing process, and may occur as the rubbing cloth 35 does not normally pass through the end of the pattern. The higher the height of the pattern is, the inferior the rubbing process becomes. Furthermore, the rubbing process may not be normally performed at the end of the pattern as the rubbing cloth 35 is inclined to one side according to a shape of the pattern. This may be influenced by a pattern shape or a direction of the rubbing cloth 35.

Therefore, an aspect of the detailed description is to provide a rubbing method capable of decreasing disclination and rubbing tails through bidirectional rubbing, and a method of fabricating a liquid crystal display (LCD) device using the same.

To achieve these and other advantages and in accordance with the purpose of this specification, as embodied and broadly described herein, there is provided a rubbing method, comprising: loading, on a stage, a substrate having an alignment layer formed thereon; performing a primary rubbing process on the alignment layer, by rotating a first rubbing roll on which a first rubbing cloth is rolled, in an opposite direction to a forming direction of a desired pretilt angle; and performing a secondary rubbing process on the primarily-rubbed alignment layer, by rotating a second rubbing roll on which a second rubbing cloth is rolled, in the forming direction of the desired pretilt angle.

To achieve these and other advantages and in accordance with the purpose of this specification, as embodied and broadly described herein, there is also provided a method of fabricating a liquid crystal display (LCD) device, the method comprising: providing a mother substrate having thereon a plurality of array substrates and a mother substrate having thereon a plurality of color filter substrates; performing an array process with respect to the array substrates, and performing a color filter process with respect to the color filter substrates; forming an alignment layer on each surface of the mother substrates having undergone the array process and the color filter process; performing a primary rubbing process on the alignment layer, by rotating a first rubbing roll on which a first rubbing cloth is rolled, in an opposite direction to a forming direction of a desired pretilt angle; performing a secondary rubbing process on the primarily-rubbed alignment layer, by rotating a second rubbing roll on which a second rubbing cloth is rolled, in the forming direction of the desired pretilt angle; attaching the pair of mother substrates having undergone the rubbing process to each other; and cutting the attached mother substrates into a plurality of unit LCD panels.

The primary rubbing process may be performed with moving at least one of the stage having the mother substrate loaded thereon, and the first rubbing roll.

The secondary rubbing process may be performed with moving at least one of the stage having the mother substrate loaded thereon, and the second rubbing roll.

Hairs of the first and second rubbing clothes may be configured to be inclined toward one of the left side, the right side and the middle side with respect to a vertical direction of rotation axes of the first and second rubbing rolls. Here, the hairs may have an inclination angle of 5°˜37° in the right and left directions.

Liquid crystal may be dropped onto one of the mother substrates having undergone the rubbing process and having thereon the array substrates and the color filter substrates, and a sealant may be coated onto another mother substrate.

A spacer may be formed on one of the mother substrates having undergone the rubbing process and having thereon the array substrates and the color filter substrates, and a sealant may be coated onto another mother substrate.

The mother substrate having the spacer formed thereon may be attached to the mother substrate having the sealant coated thereon. Then, the attached mother substrates may be cut into a plurality of LCD panels, and liquid crystal may be injected into the LCD panels.

Firstly, a primary rubbing process may be performed in an opposite direction to a forming direction of a desired pretilt angle, and then a secondary rubbing process may be performed in the forming direction of the desired pretilt angle. This may decrease the occurrence of declination and rubbing tails due to a pattern of a high stair-step such as a column spacer. As a result, black brightness of an image may be decreased, and a contrast ratio may be increased.

FIG. 1 is a disassembled perspective view schematically illustrating a structure of a liquid crystal display (LCD) device in accordance with the related art;

FIG. 4 is a flowchart illustrating a method of fabricating a liquid crystal display (LCD) device according to one embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 5 is a flowchart illustrating a method of fabricating a liquid crystal display (LCD) device according to another embodiment of the present invention; and

FIG. 6 is a flowchart illustrating a rubbing method in the method of fabricating an LCD device shown in FIGS. 4 and 5. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

Hereinafter, a rubbing method and a method of fabricating a liquid crystal display (LCD) device using the same according to the present invention will be explained in more details with reference to the attached drawings.

As shown, a rubbing apparatus according to the present invention comprises a first rubbing roll 130aand a second rubbing roll 130brotated in different directions for bidirectional rubbing, a stage 120 disposed below the first rubbing roll 130aand the second rubbing roll 130band having a substrate 110 mounted thereon for rubbing, and a transferring means (not shown) disposed above the first rubbing roll 130aand the second rubbing roll 130band configured to transfer the first rubbing roll 130aand the second rubbing roll 130b.

The stage 120 is formed in a rectangular shape having long and short sides. Here, the first rubbing roll 130aand the second rubbing roll 130bmay be arranged in a direction of the long sides of the stage 120.

Each of the first rubbing roll 130aand the second rubbing roll 130bis formed in a cylindrical shape having a rotation axis and an outer circumferential surface. A first rubbing cloth 135aand a second rubbing cloth 135bare rolled on outer circumferential surfaces of the first rubbing roll 130aand the second rubbing roll 130b,respectively.

The first rubbing cloth 135aand the second rubbing cloth 135bare fabrics such as velvet or cotton flannel, which are formed by weaving soft textiles such as rayon, nylon and cotton on a material textured with using warp and weft. The first rubbing cloth 135aand the second rubbing cloth 135bserve to form a predetermined pretilt angle by rubbing an alignment layer of an LCD device.

Although not shown, a driving means (not shown) such as a motor is connected to the first rubbing roll 130aand the second rubbing roll 130b,thereby allowing each of the first rubbing roll 130aand the second rubbing roll 130bto rotate centering around a rotation axis.

In order perform a rubbing process by the rubbing apparatus, the substrate 110 having an alignment layer (not shown) thereon is loaded on the stage 120.

The alignment layer formed on the substrate 110 undergoes a rubbing process so as to form grooves on the surface thereof. One of the most important things to be considered when setting rubbing conditions is to determine a proper rubbing strength, and to uniformly apply the rubbing strength on a large area of the substrate 110.

In the present invention, a primary rubbing process is performed with respect to the alignment layer. Firstly, the first rubbing roll 130ahaving the first rubbing cloth 135arolled thereon is backward rotated. Then, at least one of the stage 120 having the substrate 110 loaded thereon and the first rubbing roll 130ais moved. More concretely, while moving the stage 120 from one side of the substrate 110 to another side of the substrate 110 along a direction of the arrow, the first rubbing roll 130ais rotated in a direction opposite to a forming direction of a desired pretilt angle, (i.e., clockwise direction). Through this, a primary rubbing process is performed.

Here, hairs of the first rubbing cloth 135amay be inclined toward one of the left side, the right side and the middle side with respect to a vertical direction of a rotation axis of the first rubbing roll 130a.

A rubbing cloth may be categorized into the following three types. When hairs of cloth have a vector component inclined to an opposite direction to a rubbing direction and have a vector component inclined to the left side with respect to a vertical direction of a rotation axis of a rubbing roll, this is referred to as L-type rubbing cloth. When hairs of cloth have a vector component inclined to an opposite direction to a rubbing direction and have a vector component inclined to the right side with respect to a vertical direction of a rotation axis of a rubbing roll, this is referred to as R-type rubbing cloth. When hairs of cloth are parallel to a vertical direction of a rotation axis of a rubbing roll, this is referred to as V-type rubbing cloth.

Then, a secondary rubbing process is performed with respect to the alignment layer. Firstly, the second rubbing roll 130bhaving the second rubbing cloth 135brolled thereon is forward rotated. Then, at least one of the stage 120 having the substrate 110 loaded thereon and the second rubbing roll 130bis moved. More concretely, the second rubbing roll 130bis rotated in a forming direction of a desired pretilt angle (i.e., counterclockwise direction).

Here, hairs of the second rubbing cloth 135bmay be inclined toward one of the left side, the right side and the middle side with respect to a vertical direction of a rotation axis of the second rubbing roll 130b.

The first rubbing cloth 135aand the second rubbing cloth 135bmay be configured to have various inclined directions such as R-type, L-type and V-type, and various pretilt angles in back and forth directions. An optimum cloth may be selected according to each model with consideration of other conditions such as a mark width, a rotation speed, etc. when performing a rubbing process.

The bidirectional rubbing of the present invention is implemented by primarily rotating the rubbing roll 130ain an opposite direction (backward direction) to a forming direction of a pretilt angle, and by secondarily rotating the rubbing roll 130bin a forward direction. That is, in the conventional art, due to a pattern of a high stair-step such as a column spacer (CS) formed between pixel regions (P), a rubbing process may not be normally performed at the end of the pattern. This may cause disclination, rubbing scratches, rubbing tails, etc. However, in the present invention, a primary rubbing process is performed in an opposite direction to a forming direction of a pretilt angle, and then a secondary rubbing process is performed in a forward direction. This bidirectional rubbing may reduce disinclination and rubbing tails occurring when performing a unidirectional rubbing process.

Hereinafter, a method of fabricating an LCD device with using the rubbing process will be explained in more details with reference to the attached drawings.

FIG. 4 is a flowchart illustrating a method of fabricating a liquid crystal display (LCD) device according to one embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 5 is a flowchart illustrating a method of fabricating a liquid crystal display (LCD) device according to another embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 4 illustrates a method of fabricating an LCD device in case of forming an LC layer through LC injection, and FIG. 5 illustrates a method of fabricating an LCD device in case of forming an LC layer through LC dropping.

A process of fabricating an LCD device may be largely categorized into a driving device array process for forming a driving device at a lower array substrate, a color filter process for forming a color filter at an upper color filter, and a cell process.

At a color filter substrate, a color filter layer and a common electrode are formed through a color filter process (S103). The color filter layer consists of sub color filters of RGB. In case of fabricating an IPS (In Plane Switching) LCD device, the common electrode is formed at the lower substrate where the pixel electrode has been formed through the array process.

Then, an alignment layer is printed on each of the color filter substrate and the array substrate, and then undergoes a rubbing process in order to provide anchoring force or surface anchoring (pretilt angle and orientation direction) to LC molecules of an LC layer formed between the color filter substrate and the array substrate (S102, S104).

In this embodiment, a primary rubbing is performed in an opposite direction to a forming direction of a pretilt angle, and a secondary rubbing is performed in the forming direction of the pretilt angle. This may decrease the occurrence of declination and rubbing tails due to a pattern of a high stair-step such as a column spacer. This will be explained in more details with reference to FIG. 6.

Then, the alignment layer undergoes a rubbing process in order to provide anchoring force or surface anchoring to LC molecules of an LC layer formed between the color filter substrate and the array substrate.

Here, the rubbing process is performed as follows. Firstly, a rubbing cloth such as velvet is cut to have a proper size. Then, the rubbing cloth is rolled on an outer circumferential surface of a rubbing roll, and then the color filter substrate or the array substrate having the alignment layer thereon is rubbed by the rubbing roll. Once the surface of the alignment layer is rubbed, minute grooves are formed on the surface of the alignment layer.

In this embodiment, a primary rubbing process (S203) is performed with respect to the alignment layer. Firstly, a first rubbing roll having a first rubbing cloth rolled thereon is backward rotated. Then, at least one of a stage having the color filter substrate or the array substrate loaded thereon and the first rubbing roll is moved. More concretely, while moving the stage from one side to another side of the color filter substrate or the array substrate, the first rubbing roll is rotated in a direction opposite to a forming direction of a desired pretilt angle.

Then, a secondary rubbing process (S204) is performed with respect to the alignment layer. Firstly, a second rubbing roll having a second rubbing cloth rolled thereon is forward rotated. Then, at least one of a stage having the color filter substrate or the array substrate loaded thereon and the second rubbing roll is moved. More concretely, the second rubbing roll is rotated in a forming direction of a desired pretilt angle, thereby performing a secondary rubbing process with respect to the alignment layer of the color filter substrate or the array substrate, the alignment layer having undergone the primary rubbing process.

Here, hairs of the first rubbing cloth and the second rubbing cloth may be inclined toward one of the left side, the right side and the middle side with respect to a vertical direction of rotation axes of the first rubbing roll and the second rubbing roll.

The first rubbing cloth and the second rubbing cloth may be configured to have various inclined directions such as R-type, L-type and V-type, and various pretilt angles in back and forth directions. An optimum cloth may be selected according to each model with consideration of other conditions such as a mark width, a rotation speed, etc. when performing a rubbing process.

As shown in FIGS. 4 and 5, the color filter substrate and the array substrate having completely undergone the rubbing process undergo an alignment layer test by an alignment layer tester (S105).

If rubbing is not uniform, an alignment degree of LC molecules is not constant. This may cause partial inferiority resulting in other optical characteristics.

A test for rubbing inferiority includes a primary test for testing whether there exist stains, stripes or pin holes on the surface of a coated alignment layer, and a secondary test for testing a uniform degree of the surface of a rubbed alignment layer, and testing whether the rubbed alignment layer has scratches, etc. on the surface thereof.

Through the alignment layer test, minute defects of the alignment layer or contaminations due to impurities may be tested. In this embodiment, the alignment layer test was performed after a rubbing process. However, the alignment layer test may be performed before a rubbing process.

The color filter substrate and the array substrate are formed on mother substrates of a large area, respectively. That is, a plurality of panel regions are allocated to mother substrates of a large area, and a thin film transistor (TFT) and a color filter layer are formed at each of the panel regions. Therefore, the mother substrate has to be cut to be processed in order to fabricate an individual LCD panel (S109). Then, liquid crystal is injected to each of the processed LCD panels through an LC injection opening, and the LC injection opening is sealed, thereby forming an LC layer. Then, each LCD panel is tested to fabricate an LCD panel (S110, S111).

Here, the liquid crystal is injected by a vacuum injection method using a pressure difference. According to the vacuum injection method, liquid crystal is injected into an LCD panel by a pressure difference between inside and outside of the LCD panel, by immersing an LC injection opening of the LCD panel separated from a mother substrate of a large area, into a container disposed in a vacuum chamber and containing liquid crystal, and then by changing a vacuum degree of the chamber. Once the liquid crystal is filled in the LCD panel, the LC injection opening is sealed to form an LC layer of the LCD panel. In case of forming an LC layer at an LCD panel by a vacuum injection method, a seal pattern is partially open to serve as an LC injection opening.

Firstly, it takes a long time to fill liquid crystal in the LCD panel. Generally, LCD panels attached to each other have a gap of several μm on an area of several hundreds of cm2. Accordingly, even if a vacuum injection method using a pressure difference is applied, the amount of liquid crystal to be injected per unitary time is very less. For instance, in case of fabricating an LCD panel of about 15 inches, it takes about 8 hours to fill liquid crystal in the LCD panel. This long time may lower the productivity. Furthermore, as the LCD panel becomes larger, it takes a longer time to fill liquid crystal in the LCD panel, and inferiority may occur at the time of the filling.

Secondly, the amount of liquid crystal to be consumed is large. Generally, the amount of liquid crystal to be injected into LCD panels is very smaller than the amount of liquid crystal contained in a container. Besides, once liquid crystal is exposed to the air or a specific gas, the liquid crystal is degraded by reacting with the specific gas. This may cause a large amount of the liquid crystal remaining after the filling to be discarded, even if liquid crystal contained in a container is used to fill a plurality of LCD panels. As the expensive liquid crystal is discarded, the LCD panels may have high costs. This may lower the price competitiveness.

In case of forming an LC layer on the LCD panel through the dropping method, a seal pattern has to be implemented as a closed pattern to encompass the outer periphery of a pixel region in order to prevent the liquid crystal from leaking to outside of the image display region.

According to the dropping method, it takes a shorter time to drop liquid crystal than in the vacuum injection method. Furthermore, even if the LCD panel becomes larger, an LC layer may be formed very rapidly.

Besides, only a required amount of liquid crystal is dropped onto a substrate. This may prevent high costs of the LCD panels resulting from that expensive liquid crystal is discarded in the vacuum injection method. This may enhance the price competitiveness.

Then, the first and second mother substrates having liquid crystal dropped thereon and a sealant coated thereon are aligned with each other, and then are attached to each other by the sealant with a pressure. And, the dropped liquid crystal is uniformly dispensed onto the entire part of the LCD panel (S108′). Through these processes, a plurality of LCD panels are formed on the attached first and second mother substrates having an LC layer interposed therebetween. These glass substrates are cut into a plurality of LCD panels, and each separated LCD panel is inspected, thereby fabricating an LCD device (S109′, S110′).

The short version? Don"t use liquids, don"t press too hard, don"t use any traditional cleaners. Microfiber cloths are good, but be gentle. Modern TVs are predominantly plastic and therefore far easier to scratch than windows or your phone.

Want the longer version? Here"s what the top TV manufacturers say about cleaning their screens:Cleaning your 4K, OLED, or LED TV screen with a soft, dry cloth is recommended. The goal here is to avoid scratching the screen. Gentle, circular motions tend to give better results, since the circular motion hits each area from several angles in a single swipe.

To clean the frame and screen, gently wipe it with a microfiber cleaning cloth. Make sure to wipe the TV frame and screen as gently as possible. TV screens are fragile and can be damaged when pressed too hard.

Important: Never use any type of window cleaner, soap, scouring powder, wax, or any cleanser with solvents such as alcohol, benzene, ammonia, or acetone. Never use abrasive pads or paper towels. If you do, you can scratch the screen or strip the anti-glare coating off the screen and cause permanent damage. Never spray water directly onto the TV. Make sure to wipe the TV as gently as possible. TV screens are fragile and can be damaged when pressed too hard.Gently wipe the screen or the exterior with a dry, soft cloth, such as an eyeglass cleaner.

For inks from oil markers on the screen, soak a cloth in a non-soap synthetic cleanser diluted (by less than 1% ) with water. Squeeze the cloth tightly to eliminate excess liquid, then wipe gently to remove the ink. Use non-soap cleansers cautiously because it may cause environmental problems when disposed improperly.

At last count, I found a billion companies making TV screen cleaners. Almost all of these are something like 99 percent water, 1 percent other stuff. Years ago I tested a handful and found them, on average, to work well enough. If you don"t have luck with a simple cloth and possibly distilled water, a screen cleaner is worth a try, and as a bonus you can also use it for your laptop, tablet and cell phone screens. Plus, they come with a microfiber cloth. If they don"t clearly state they don"t contain alcohol and ammonia, however, I would skip them.

My advice? Get a nice microfiber cloth (if your TV didn"t come with one), and use that. If that doesn"t fix your smudges, try a cloth moist with water. Don"t press too hard. There"s less than a millimeter between your finger and a broken TV.

Ideally, you should clean your phone at least once a day by following your phone"s manual for cleaning instructions. Cleaning your device the wrong way (like using rubbing alcohol and paper towels) can strip away coatings that protect your screen. There are safer items that will do the trick.

If you touch your phone after touching a public door handle or grocery cart, your first thought might be to clean it with rubbing alcohol. Don"t. Straight alcohol can strip the oleophobic and hydrophobic coatings that keep oil and water from damaging your phone"s display and other ports.

AT&T"s cleaning guidelines suggest that you "spray a nonabrasive or alcohol-based (70% isopropyl) disinfectant directly on a soft lint-free cloth and wipe down your device while it is powered down and unplugged." Samsung has also said you can create an alcohol-based solution of 70% ethanol or isopropyl alcohol, applied with a microfiber cloth.

You can also use a damp microfiber cloth to clean the phone -- and then throw that cloth in the wash. Make sure to use a spray bottle to spritz the cloth, rather than running it under water. The less water, the better.

Since many newer phones have a protective coating, rubbing alcohol can wear it away more quickly over time, causing your phone to be more prone to scratches. Make sure to check for alcohol in the product ingredients on any "safe to use" phone screen cleaners. Apple says to avoid alcohol when cleaning its devices.

Some makeup removers may have chemicals that can be harsh on an electronic screen. LeBeau suggests avoiding makeup remover and instead, using a soft cloth with a little bit of water.

may be gentle, the only way to use them is to combine them with water. Most phone companies suggest keeping water away from your phone, so again, stick to a damp cloth.

Now, I want you to know that this is my first real notebook, so I had no idea (I mean, my old desktops had those durable and heavy glass screens). But I took some Windex and sprayed it on a paper towel (the kind that comes from a dispenser at school) and use that to try to get the spots off. It did the job, although some spots I had to gently rub with my fingernail to get the sticky off while putting as little contact as possible on the screen. Now I just have bits of dust on my screen, mainly from the paper towel. (You know, the ones that are at all colleges and feel like sandpaper somewhat?) Mind you, there was no scrubbing or anything, just gentle, almost "not-touching" of the screen.

When it comes to cleaning, flat-screen TVs and LCD screens require special care and a gentle touch. With the wrong technique, you can easily scratch the screen or damage the surface"s antiglare coating. Even rubbing too hard can cause pixels (the tiny dots that compose images on computer monitors and TV screens) to burn out and stop working permanently. Most household cleaning products are too harsh to use on electronic devices with LCD or OLED screens, so choose your TV cleaning strategy carefully. These tips on how to clean a TV screen will help protect your device while ridding it of dust, smudges, fingerprints, and streaks.

To avoid damage to your TV while cleaning, only use gentle products. Never wipe the screen with paper towels, abrasive sponges, or coarsely woven rags, which can cause scratches. Instead, use high-quality, finely woven microfiber cloths to clean TV screens, recommends cleaning expert Leslie Reichert.

You should also avoid cleaning products that contain alcohol or ammonia. These types of cleaners can remove antiglare coatings and cause images to become cloudy or distorted. A simple swipe with a microfiber cloth ($9 for 5, Amazon) is typically all that"s needed to remove dust and other debris from the screen"s surface. When more than a light dusting is required, however, use the guidelines below for the best way to clean a TV.

Practice preventative measures so you won"t have to clean TV screens often. Keep food, drinks, and kids away from TV and computer screens to eradicate risks of messy splatters and fingerprint smudges. During your weekly house cleaning, lightly dust the screens with a microfiber cloth to prevent dust buildup.

Clean your iPhone immediately if it comes into contact with contaminants that might cause stains, such as ink, dyes, makeup, dirt, food, oils, and lotions. To clean your iPhone, unplug all cables and turn it off. Use a soft, slightly damp, lint-free cloth. Avoid getting moisture in openings. Don"t use window cleaners, household cleaners, compressed air, aerosol sprays, solvents, ammonia, or abrasives to clean your iPhone. The front glass surfaces have an oleophobic coating. To remove fingerprints, wipe these surfaces with a soft, lint-free cloth. The ability of this coating to repel oil will diminish over time with normal use, and rubbing the screen with an abrasive material will further diminish its effect and might scratch the glass.

Clean your iPhone immediately if it comes into contact with contaminants that might cause stains, such as ink, dyes, makeup, dirt, food, oils, and lotions. To clean your iPhone, unplug all cables and turn it off. Use a soft, slightly damp, lint-free cloth. Avoid getting moisture in openings. Don"t use window cleaners, household cleaners, compressed air, aerosol sprays, solvents, ammonia, abrasives, or cleaners containing hydrogen peroxide to clean your iPhone. The front glass surfaces have an oleophobic coating. To remove fingerprints, wipe these surfaces with a soft, lint-free cloth. The ability of this coating to repel oil will diminish over time with normal use, and rubbing the screen with an abrasive material will further diminish its effect and might scratch the glass.

To clean the dirt that might accumulate around the SIM tray opening, use a soft lint-free cloth and place a very small amount of rubbing alcohol on it. Very gently wipe the dirt away from the port opening and avoid getting any of the moisture in the opening.

Clean your iPhone immediately if it comes into contact with contaminants that might cause stains, such as ink, dyes, makeup, dirt, food, oils, and lotions. To clean your iPhone, unplug all cables and turn it off. Use a soft, slightly damp, lint-free cloth. Avoid getting moisture in openings. Don"t use window cleaners, household cleaners, compressed air, aerosol sprays, solvents, ammonia, abrasives, or cleaners containing hydrogen peroxide to clean your iPhone. The front glass surfaces have an oleophobic coating. To remove fingerprints, wipe these surfaces with a soft, lint-free cloth. The ability of this coating to repel oil will diminish over time with normal use, and rubbing the screen with an abrasive material will further diminish its effect and might scratch the glass.

Clean your iPhone immediately if it comes into contact with contaminants that might cause stains, such as ink, dyes, makeup, dirt, food, oils, and lotions. To clean your iPhone, unplug all cables and turn off your iPhone (press and hold the Sleep/Wake button, and then drag the onscreen slider). Use a soft, slightly damp, lint-free cloth. Avoid getting moisture in openings. Don"t use window cleaners, household cleaners, compressed air, aerosol sprays, solvents, ammonia, abrasives, or cleaners containing hydrogen peroxide to clean your iPhone. The front and back glass surfaces have an oleophobic coating. To remove fingerprints, wipe these surfaces with a soft, lint-free cloth. The ability of this coating to repel oil will diminish over time with normal use, and rubbing the screen with an abrasive material will further diminish its effect and might scratch the glass.

Clean your iPhone immediately if it comes into contact with contaminants that might cause stains, such as ink, dyes, makeup, dirt, food, oils, and lotions. To clean your iPhone, unplug all cables and turn off your iPhone (press and hold the Sleep/Wake button, and then drag the onscreen slider). Use a soft, slightly damp, lint-free cloth. Avoid getting moisture in openings. Don"t use window cleaners, household cleaners, compressed air, aerosol sprays, solvents, ammonia, abrasives, or cleaners containing hydrogen peroxide to clean your iPhone. The front glass surface has an oleophobic coating. To remove fingerprints, wipe these surfaces with a soft, lint-free cloth. The ability of this coating to repel oil will diminish over time with normal use, and rubbing the screen with an abrasive material will further diminish its effect and might scratch the glass.

To clean your iPhone, unplug all cables and turn off your iPhone (press and hold the Sleep/Wake button, and then drag the onscreen slider). Then use a soft, slightly damp, lint-free cloth. Avoid getting moisture in openings. Don"t use window cleaners, household cleaners, compressed air, aerosol sprays, solvents, ammonia, abrasives, or cleaners containing hydrogen peroxide to clean your iPhone.