ltps ips tft display manufacturer

Flat-panel displays are thin panels of glass or plastic used for electronically displaying text, images, or video. Liquid crystal displays (LCD), OLED (organic light emitting diode) and microLED displays are not quite the same; since LCD uses a liquid crystal that reacts to an electric current blocking light or allowing it to pass through the panel, whereas OLED/microLED displays consist of electroluminescent organic/inorganic materials that generate light when a current is passed through the material. LCD, OLED and microLED displays are driven using LTPS, IGZO, LTPO, and A-Si TFT transistor technologies as their backplane using ITO to supply current to the transistors and in turn to the liquid crystal or electroluminescent material. Segment and passive OLED and LCD displays do not use a backplane but use indium tin oxide (ITO), a transparent conductive material, to pass current to the electroluminescent material or liquid crystal. In LCDs, there is an even layer of liquid crystal throughout the panel whereas an OLED display has the electroluminescent material only where it is meant to light up. OLEDs, LCDs and microLEDs can be made flexible and transparent, but LCDs require a backlight because they cannot emit light on their own like OLEDs and microLEDs.

Liquid-crystal display (or LCD) is a thin, flat panel used for electronically displaying information such as text, images, and moving pictures. They are usually made of glass but they can also be made out of plastic. Some manufacturers make transparent LCD panels and special sequential color segment LCDs that have higher than usual refresh rates and an RGB backlight. The backlight is synchronized with the display so that the colors will show up as needed. The list of LCD manufacturers:

Organic light emitting diode (or OLED displays) is a thin, flat panel made of glass or plastic used for electronically displaying information such as text, images, and moving pictures. OLED panels can also take the shape of a light panel, where red, green and blue light emitting materials are stacked to create a white light panel. OLED displays can also be made transparent and/or flexible and these transparent panels are available on the market and are widely used in smartphones with under-display optical fingerprint sensors. LCD and OLED displays are available in different shapes, the most prominent of which is a circular display, which is used in smartwatches. The list of OLED display manufacturers:

MicroLED displays is an emerging flat-panel display technology consisting of arrays of microscopic LEDs forming the individual pixel elements. Like OLED, microLED offers infinite contrast ratio, but unlike OLED, microLED is immune to screen burn-in, and consumes less power while having higher light output, as it uses LEDs instead of organic electroluminescent materials, The list of MicroLED display manufacturers:

Sony produces and sells commercial MicroLED displays called CLEDIS (Crystal-LED Integrated Displays, also called Canvas-LED) in small quantities.video walls.

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The world of smartphones has been busy for the past few months. There have been numerous revolutionary launches with groundbreaking innovations that have the capacity to change the course of the smartphone industry. But the most important attribute of a smartphone is the display, which has been the focus for all prominent players in the mobile phone industry this year.

Samsung came up with its unique 18:5:9 AMOLED display for the Galaxy S8. LG picked up its old trusted IPS LCD unit for the G6’s display. These display units have been familiar to the usual Indian smartphone buyer. Honor, on the other hand, has just unveiled the new Honor 8 Pro for the Indian market that ships with an LTPS LCD display. This has led to wonder how exactly is this technology different from the existing ones and what benefits does it give Honor to craft its flagship smartphone with. Well, let’s find out.

The LCD technology brought in the era of thin displays to screens, making the smartphone possible in the current world. LCD displays are power efficient and work on the principle of blocking light. The liquid crystal in the display unit uses some kind of a backlight, generally a LED backlight or a reflector, to make the picture visible to the viewer. There are two kinds of LCD units – passive matrix LCD that requires more power and the superior active matrix LCD unit, known to people as Thin Film Transistor (TFT) that draws less power.

The early LCD technology couldn’t maintain the colour for wide angle viewing, which led to the development of the In-Plane Switching (IPS) LCD panel. IPS panel arranges and switches the orientation of the liquid crystal molecules of standard LCD display between the glass substrates. This helps it to enhance viewing angles and improve colour reproduction as well. IPS LCD technology is responsible for accelerating the growth of the smartphone market and is the go-to display technology for prominent manufacturers.

The standard LCD display uses amorphous Silicon as the liquid for the display unit as it can be assembled into complex high-current driver circuits. This though restricts the display resolution and adds to overall device temperatures. Therefore, development of the technology led to replacing the amorphous Silicon with Polycrystalline Silicon, which boosted the screen resolution and maintains low temperatures. The larger and more uniform grains of polysilicon allow faster electron movement, resulting in higher resolution and higher refresh rates. It also was found to be cheaper to manufacture due to lower cost of certain key substrates. Therefore, the Low-Temperature PolySilicon (LTPS) LCD screen helps provide larger pixel densities, lower power consumption that standard LCD and controlled temperature ranges.

The AMOLED display technology is in a completely different league. It doesn’t bother with any liquid mechanism or complex grid structures. The panel uses an array of tiny LEDs placed on TFT modules. These LEDs have an organic construction that directly emits light and minimises its loss by eradicating certain filters. Since LEDs are physically different units, they can be asked to switch on and off as per the requirement of the display to form a picture. This is known as the Active Matrix system. Hence, an Active Matrix Organic Light Emitting Diode (AMOLED) display can produce deeper blacks by switching off individual LED pixels, resulting in high contrast pictures.

The honest answer is that it depends on the requirement of the user. If you want accurate colours from your display while wanting it to retain its vibrancy for a longer period of time, then any of the two LCD screens are the ideal choice. LTPS LCD display can provide higher picture resolution but deteriorates faster than standard IPS LCD display over time.

An AMOLED display will provide high contrast pictures any time but it too has the tendency to deteriorate faster than LCD panels. Therefore, if you are after greater picture quality, choose LTPS LCD or else settle for AMOLED for a vivid contrast picture experience.

Japan Display Inc. (JDI) today announced the development of a 21.3-inch high resolution (5 mega-pixel) monochrome TFT display made by low temperature polysilicon (LTPS) technology.

In order to assure high accuracy in medical diagnoses, diagnostic-use displays have recently tended to require higher resolution, higher contrast, excellent grayscale, and brighter and longer lifetime backlights. After many years of supplying medical-use displays using amorphous silicon (a-Si) TFT technologies, JDI has developed a brand new 21.3-inch high resolution (5 mega-pixel) monochrome TFT display incorporating JDI’s most advanced IPS and LTPS technologies to meet the needs for higher performance displays coming about from the medical market.

When a-Si technology is used in high-end medical monitors featuring high brightness (e.g., 2000cd/m2), there are certain side effects that arise from using a more powerful backlight, such as higher cost, bulky heat-sink design, potential noise from fans, higher power consumption, etc. These medical monitors need a better display solution to overcome these problems. By using LTPS technologies, the new display has higher tranmissivity, which contributes to a one-third (1/3rd) power consumption savings compared to the conventional a-Si product. Furthermore, LTPS technologies enable the new display to have fewer driver-ICs and a finer driving circuit layout. Thus, the display’s border can be narrowed by nearly 45%, which helps doctors to more smoothly read and interpret multi-frame radiology and mammography images.

Samples of this new product will be available in the fourth quarter of 2017, and mass production is planned in the second quarter of 2018. JDI plans to further expand its medical-use display lineup by adopting cutting-edge LTPS technologies.

Japan Display Inc. (JDI) is the leading global manufacturer of advanced small- and medium-sized LTPS LCD panels. By leveraging its advanced technologies and the world"s largest LTPS production capacity, JDI provides high resolution, low power consumption and thin displays for smartphones, tablets, automotive electronics, digital cameras, medical equipment and other electronic devices. JDI, which commenced operations in April 2012, was formed through the consolidation of the display panel businesses of Sony, Hitachi and Toshiba. The company"s common stock is traded on the Tokyo Stock Exchange with the securities code number 6740. For more information

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Gain control of all types of electronic and power management functions with the advanced ltps lcd display at Alibaba.com. These ltps lcd display are extremely powerful in managing power supplies and current flows along with a host of other electronic functions. Whether you are looking for these ltps lcd display to use at your residences or perform other commercial activities, they are unmatched. Buy these items from leading electronic suppliers and wholesalers.The robust and efficient ltps lcd display on the site are equipped with miniature active devices such as transistors, diodes as well as passive devices such as capacitors and resistors. These ltps lcd display are miniature powerhouses with remarkable efficacy. You can select from a wide array of ltps lcd display models depending on the specific requirements you have. With several distinct output and input capacities, these products can.

According to LCD (Liquid Crystal Display) technology and LCD materials, mobile phone LCD assemblies can be classified into 2 types: TFT (Thin Flim Transistor) and OLED（Organic Light-Emitting Diode). TFT display needs with backlight, but OLED is light-emitting, each pixel is creating its own light.

For Original iPhone LCD, 5-8 plus and Xr, 11 is TFT, X-13 Pro Max is OLED (except XR and 11). But in mobile phone aftermarket, there are too many different types and different qualities, which makes customers confused.

What is in-cell? What is OGS or " with TP"? What is COF? What is COG? What is OEM? What is FOG? What is Original Change Glass? What is IPS? What is LTPS? What is a-Si?

HTPS with small size, high precision, and high contrast. Most used in magnified display products. Such as projectors, projection TVs, etc. And cannot be used as a mobile phone display, so we don"t talk about it here.

Because the electrons deflect the liquid crystal molecules through the transistor. Electron mobility fundamentally determines the refresh rates of the TFT device. The smaller mobility, the slower transmission of holes and electrons, and the slower response rate. Can"t physically support high refresh rates.

In order to improve the response performance, can increase transistor size to enhance the migration, but this will lead to the extra TFT device that will occupy the display area pixel area. Therefore, the larger unit transistor area, the single-pixel occupy area is smaller(Pixel Aperture Ratio ), resulting in lower brightness.

As we can see electron mobility of a-Si is very low (0.5-1cm2/Vs). But LTPS can deliver a hundred times the mobility than a-Si, and a much higher aperture ratio and PPI is much higher than a-Si resolution.

Compared with LTPS，a-si TFT have those "weakness":a-Si with so much low resolution and low definition. a-Si is 720*1280 with a very blurred display effect.

a-Si with so much bad display performance, but why are there still so many manufacturers producing phone LCDs with a-Si, or why do the customers willing to use a-Si LCD for their phone?

LCDs business has too much competition and wholesalers want to make more profit, they keep pushing suppliers to make LCDs at lower prices. So some of the suppliers start to produce aftermarket phone displays with a-Si to match customers" lower price requirements.

Now in the market a-Si LCDs for iPhone is TFT with TP but not in-cell. Our ZY a-Si will be in-cell not just TFT with TP. ZY a-Si incell for Xr and 11 ready now, please to get more details.

For more details or questions about in-cell and TFT with TP or about phone LCD display. Please click here to get more information, or Long press and scran the QR code to add me.

LTPS is an abbreviation for Low-Temperature Polycrystalline silicon. When compared to conventional methods LCD, this form of monitor is speedier and much more incorporated.

Furthermore, rather than enclosing the best positioned, individual row/column controller semiconductors are incorporated onto the glass surface, decreasing the TFT portion as well as the wire between the pixels.

As a result, LTPS LCD units may be brought adjacent together again and attain densities of 200 dpi or higher. It has higher graphic intensities and uses less electricity because it does not light up each pixels separately. Customers might anticipate greater resolution of the image on tablet devices.

This LTPS panel offers a higher graphical fidelity to the viewer, and some people believe it will be more believable. It has higher picture densities and uses less electricity because it does not light up each pixel separately.

The much more essential feature of a smartphones, however, is its display, which has been the focus of all major participants in the mobile phone market early 2019.

Currently, a-Si panels account for a sizable portion of the cell phone screen industry. LTPS is now the gold standard in power supply manufacture and can be discovered while behind majority of high-end LCD and AMOLED displays used in today’s handsets.

It really is based on the common technique to a-Si, but LTPS is manufactured at a greater processing temperature, culminating in a semiconductor with enhanced electrical characteristics. Due to the larger amount of current necessary by this process, LTPS is currently the only technique that truly works with AMOLED.

LTPS also has better electronic conductivity, which indicates whether quickly/easily the electrons can pass across the transistor, with up to 100 percent more maneuverability than a-Si. In instance, this enables significantly quicker swapping between display screens.

The increasing demand for Low Temperature Polysilicon (LTPS) Display is leading firms in the worldwide Low Temperature Polysilicon (LTPS) Market globally to investigate new rivals, innovations, as well as expenditures.

In particular, any use of crystal of silicon in thin-film semiconductors (LTPS-TFT) offers a tremendous potential for huge manufacture of electronic equipment such as flat screen LCD displays or photodetector.

The Low Temperature Polysilicon (LTPS) Display market research also includes detailed information on industry advancement trends, present market characteristics, sourcing raw – materials assessment, and customer requirements.

Samsung Electronics has been one of the growing industries in the global market focusing on better daily technologies to be integrated for major sectors of operations. The Samsung Displays had been exploring producing thin-film transistors (TFT) for use in Samsung Electronics’ Micro LED TVs.

This TFT serves as a switch which toggles its screen’s pixels on and off. For prior Micro LED TVs larger than 100 inches in length, Samsung employed circuit boards (PCB). Nevertheless, the tech behemoth intends to use LTPS TFT for the smaller Micro LED TV versions.

This is attributed to the reason that thinner TV versions will employ even tiny LEDs that would be more densely populated altogether. Any use of LTPS TFT allows for the creation of a microcircuit that really can regulate these tiny LEDs separately. This is tough to achieve using circuits on a standard PCB. This touchscreen will indeed be manufactured by Samsung Displays.

Sony Corporation is growing its development technologies focusing on the LTPS Market of global operability with much higher display systems in operations. Sony has created low-power, comparatively tiny LTPS (Low Temperature Poly Silicon) TFT-LCD screens for mobile devices.

Sony is able to make LTPS TFT-LCDs that utilise approximately 25% lower electricity compared present versions by strengthening drive circuits. Sony also managed to minimise the volume used by control loops by 14%, freeing up more room here on monitor for such monitor screen.

It also intends to manufacture a 1080p Full Active LTPS LCD panel with a 2:1 viewing angle. It has a 6-inch diagonally touchscreen with tiny bezels and Pixel Eyes technology, which allows for far lower black depths than what has been generally connected with LCD displays.

If you want to buy a new monitor, you might wonder what kind of display technologies I should choose. In today’s market, there are two main types of computer monitors: TFT LCD monitors & IPS monitors.

The word TFT means Thin Film Transistor. It is the technology that is used in LCD displays.  We have additional resources if you would like to learn more about what is a TFT Display. This type of LCDs is also categorically referred to as an active-matrix LCD.

These LCDs can hold back some pixels while using other pixels so the LCD screen will be using a very minimum amount of energy to function (to modify the liquid crystal molecules between two electrodes). TFT LCDs have capacitors and transistors. These two elements play a key part in ensuring that the TFT display monitor functions by using a very small amount of energy while still generating vibrant, consistent images.

Industry nomenclature: TFT LCD panels or TFT screens can also be referred to as TN (Twisted Nematic) Type TFT displays or TN panels, or TN screen technology.

IPS (in-plane-switching) technology is like an improvement on the traditional TFT LCD display module in the sense that it has the same basic structure, but has more enhanced features and more widespread usability.

Both TFT display and IPS display are active-matrix displays, neither can’t emit light on their own like OLED displays and have to be used with a back-light of white bright light to generate the picture. Newer panels utilize LED backlight (light-emitting diodes) to generate their light hence utilizing less power and requiring less depth by design. Neither TFT display nor IPS display can produce color, there is a layer of RGB (red, green, blue) color filter in each LCD pixels to produce the color consumers see. If you use a magnifier to inspect your monitor, you will see RGB color in each pixel. With an on/off switch and different level of brightness RGB, we can get many colors.

Winner. IPS TFT screens have around 0.3 milliseconds response time while TN TFT screens responds around 10 milliseconds which makes the latter unsuitable for gaming

Winner. the images that IPS displays create are much more pristine and original than that of the TFT screen. IPS displays do this by making the pixels function in a parallel way. Because of such placing, the pixels can reflect light in a better way, and because of that, you get a better image within the display.

As the display screen made with IPS technology is mostly wide-set, it ensures that the aspect ratio of the screen would be wider. This ensures better visibility and a more realistic viewing experience with a stable effect.

Winner. While the TFT LCD has around 15% more power consumption vs IPS LCD, IPS has a lower transmittance which forces IPS displays to consume more power via backlights. TFT LCD helps battery life.

Normally, high-end products, such as Apple Mac computer monitors and Samsung mobile phones, generally use IPS panels. Some high-end TV and mobile phones even use AMOLED (Active Matrix Organic Light Emitting Diodes) displays. This cutting edge technology provides even better color reproduction, clear image quality, better color gamut, less power consumption when compared to LCD technology.

This kind of touch technology was first introduced by Steve Jobs in the first-generation iPhone. Of course, a TFT LCD display can always meet the basic needs at the most efficient price. An IPS display can make your monitor standing out.

With The Advent Of New Display Technologies And The Availability Of Examples Such As IPS LCD, LTPS LCD, And AMOLED‌ In Mobile Phones, The Choice Has Become Difficult For Users.

The world of smartphones has undergone various changes and developments in recent years. We have witnessed the unveiling of innovations in this field, each of which can be considered a revolution. Undoubtedly, one of these innovations is introducing different generations of display panels, which has led to the display of high-quality images and smartphones these days.

Displays act as an interface between the device and users and are now recognized as one of the most vital components of smart devices such as tablets, smartphones, and home computers; Because the result of the operation of the whole device is displayed on this component of the hardware and the transfer of commands is also transferred to the device through this part.

While Samsung, the largest manufacturer of smartphones globally, AMOLED displays are used in its flagship products, LG continues to equip its new products with IPS LCD monitors. Many other companies have another type of display panel called LTPS LCD Are employed. But what is remarkable is the advantages and disadvantages of each of these screens over the other.

Do not use AMOLED displays high-end and expensive Galaxy S and Galaxy Note phones. Does it have an advantage over the screens in LG and Huawei phones? We intend to answer these questions below by examining the types of technologies that can use on screens.

Liquid Crystal display LCDIt is a technology that brings slim and thin screens to the world of smartphones. In a better description, this technology made it possible to produce today’s thin smartphones. LCD monitors have optimal energy consumption and work based on the “light barrier” phenomenon. The liquid crystal in these displays is a kind of backlight that an LED can control or has a reflector provided and uses to expose the image to users.

Screen LCD is divided into two main types; Passive Matrix pages) And Thin Film Transistor pages, which are called TFTAre also known to users. LCD monitors with a passive matrix relative to TFT plates Consume more energy.

Although the use of backlighting in these displays makes them and the smartphones produced by the thicker, this makes the colors and images displayed more natural and clear.

For this reason, it is said that the best viewing angle for viewing images on these screens is the front angle. TFT monitors are now obsolete and have fewer smartphones.

Technologies used in LCD monitors could not maintain the quality of colors and images at wide viewing angles. That’s why another category of LCD monitors under In-Plane SwitchingOr IPSIt was introduced to the market, which solved this problem to a great extent. IPS screens have the ability to change the direction of liquid crystal molecules between glass substrates and arrange them. This significantly improves the viewing angle and the ability to produce color on these displays.

Compared to TFT monitors, IPS LCD monitors consume less energy, and you can also see better images in the sun. The colors produced by these panels are also very natural, but the cost of producing them is far from the cost of producing LCD screens. More than. IPS LCD screens have helped to grow the smartphone market in recent years, and many manufacturers are now using these screens in their products.

LCD screens use uniform (amorphous) silicon material as a color rendering agent; Because this material can be used along with complex electronic boards with high electrical current. This will cause the screen resolution to be slightly limited and the temperature to rise slightly. Later, the replacement of amorphous silicon by polysilicon removed these barriers, and it was possible to increase the resolution and reduce the operating temperature of these displays.

Display manufacturers could also use larger volumes of uniform polysilicon to help electrons move faster, resulting in better resolution and faster refresh rates. With the use of this new material because of the possibility of using cheaper and more expensive substrates, the total cost of production of this type of LCD monitorsDecreased.

These monitors are now titled LCD Low-Temperature PolySilicon Or LTPS LCDAre, compared to LCD monitors’ first generation. They have higher pixel density, better resolution, lower power consumption, and lower operating temperatures.

These panels are therefore called RetinaThey became known that the human eye could not see their pixels. Although Apple measures the pixel density of its displays differently from other companies, Retina displays are Designed to provide users with a density of more than 300 pixels per inch.

screenAMOLEDCompared to LCD monitors, they use completely different technologies, and there is no mention of liquid crystals or other complex structures in them. These displays have an array of small LEDs mounted on Thin Film Transistor modules. Or TFTThey is riding. Organically structured and made using organic materials, these LEDs emit the light needed to display images and colors.

Manufacturers use a combination of filters to minimize the amount of light dissipated by these sources to have outstanding efficiency in these displays. The amount of brightness and color produced by these OLED sources also varies according to the electric pulse.

Given that each LED, Is a separate source from other LEDs, can be cut off by energy, the light emission by each of them can be stopped and thus display a specific image for users.

This structure has the ability to control any OLEDAnd provides the system with pixels; The so-called Active MatrixAnd is currently used in Active Matrix Organic Light Emitting Diode displays AMOLED Is used.

Produce more vivid and natural colors, wider viewing angle, less thickness and weight, and faster response time, including OLED displays’ benefits compared to LCD monitors.

Compared to other technologies used in displays, AMOLED displays can display black colors more accurately and clearly; Because this color is easily accessible by turning off part of the LEDs. More accurate display of black colors makes AMOLED displays, Images with much better contrast or contrast.

Given that OLED displays do not have a backlight, and when producing black color, some of these LEDs are turned off, the energy consumption of these panels is compared to LCDs.It is much more efficient.

But on the other hand, studies show that the lifespan of AMOLED screens is less than LCD panels. Other disadvantages of these displays include losing a significant portion of the image quality when working in bright environments such as sunlight.

Super AMOLED screens are also an upgraded version of OLED screens, and AMOLED is currently manufactured exclusively by Samsung. Unlike AMOLED panels, These displays are designed to integrate touch sensors with OLED cells to fit in.

This way, you will not need to use a separate touch module when using these panels. This causes Super AMOLED displays to have better brightness and image quality and also be able to provide users with better images in bright environments.

In choosing an ideal display panel for smartphones, we must pay more attention to the user’s needs and, by examining them, choose one of the above. If you need a good display with an accurate color display, LCDscreensIt will be the best option for you.

These monitors also have the best lifespan among different types of display panels. LTPS LCD monitors can provide higher image resolution than IPS LCD monitors, and they Spoil sooner.

AMOLED displays also have the best contrast when displaying images among these panels; But compared to LCD monitors over time, they break down faster. That way, if you care more about image quality and resolution, LTPS LCD monitors select AMOLED displays. If you are more interested in contrast, they will be the best choice for you.

In addition, if you spend most of your time outdoors and in the sun, it is better to have a smartphone with an IPS LCD.  Choose; Because these monitors perform better in bright environments. But if you are indoors most of the time, choose a smartphone with an AMOLED display. Or Super AMOLED, Seems wiser.

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What They Say Optics.org reported on some intriguing technology research by several Fraunhofer establishments in Germany that allows the creation, effectively, of LTPS silicon layers on top of CMOS silicon wafers and circuits. The …

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The oxide semiconductor has always to my mind been the interesting middle ground in the display industry. But to date, it has been mastered by relatively few players Sharp and LGD come to mind) …

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I think it’s one of those synchronicity moments. A few days ago, I put a note in my reminder box to follow up on a company that is working on joining LTPS substrates together …

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LCD or AMOLED, 1080p vs 2K? There are plenty of contentious topics when it comes to smartphone displays, which all have an impact on the day to day usage of our smartphones. However, one important topic which is often overlooked during analysis and discussion is the type of backplane technology used in the display.

Display makers often throw around terms like A-Si, IGZO, or LTPS. But what do these acronyms actually mean and what’s the impact of backplane technology on user experience? What about future developments?

For clarification, backplane technology describes the materials and assembly designs used for the thin film transistors which drive the main display. In other words, it is the backplane that contains an array of transistors which are responsible for turning the individual pixels on and off, acting therefore as a determining factor when it comes to display resolution, refresh rate, and power consumption.

Examples of backplane technology include amorphous silicon (aSi), low-temperature polycrystalline silicon (LTPS) and indium gallium zinc oxide (IGZO), whilst LCD and OLED are examples of light emitting material types. Some of the different backplane technologies can be used with different display types, so IGZO can be used with either LCD or OLED displays, albeit that some backplanes are more suitable than others.

Amorphous silicon has been the go-to material for backplane technology for many years, and comes in a variety of different manufacturing methods, to improve its energy efficiency, refresh speeds, and the display’s viewing angle. Today, a-Si displays make up somewhere between 20 and 25 percent of the smartphone display market.

For mobile phone displays with a pixel density lower than 300 pixels per inch, this technology remains the preferable backplane of choice, mainly due to its low costs and relatively simple manufacturing process. However, when it comes to higher resolution displays and new technologies such as AMOLED, a-Si is beginning to struggle.

AMOLED puts more electrical stress on the transistors compared with LCD, and therefore favours technologies that can offer more current to each pixel. Also, AMOLED pixel transistors take up more space compared with LCDs, blocking more light emissions for AMOLED displays, making a-Si rather unsuitable. As a result, new technologies and manufacturing processes have been developed to meet the increasing demands made of display panels over recent years.

LTPS currently sits as the high-bar of backplane manufacturing, and can be spotted behind most of the high end LCD and AMOLED displays found in today’s smartphones.  It is based on a similar technology to a-Si, but a higher process temperature is used to manufacture LTPS, resulting in a material with improved electrical properties.

LTPS is in fact the only technology that really works for AMOLED right now, due to the higher amount of current required by this type of display technology. LTPS also has higher electron mobility, which, as the name suggests, is an indication of how quickly/easily an electron can move through the transistor, with up to 100 times greater mobility than a-Si.

For starters, this allows for much faster switching display panels. The other big benefit of this high mobility is that the transistor size can be shrunk down, whilst still providing the necessary power for most displays. This reduced size can either be put towards energy efficiencies and reduced power consumption, or can be used to squeeze more transistors in side by side, allow for much greater resolution displays. Both of these aspects are becoming increasingly important as smartphones begin to move beyond 1080p, meaning that LTPS is likely to remain a key technology for the foreseeable future.

The drawback of LTPS TFT comes from its increasingly complicated manufacturing process and material costs, which makes the technology more expensive to produce, especially as resolutions continue to increase. As an example, a 1080p LCD based on this technology panel costs roughly 14 percent more than a-Si TFT LCD. However, LTPS’s enhanced qualities still mean that it remains the preferred technology for higher resolution displays.

Currently, a-Si and LTPS LCD displays make up the largest combined percentage of the smartphone display market. However, IGZO is anticipated as the next technology of choice for mobile displays. Sharp originally began production of its IGZO-TFT LCD panels back in 2012, and has been employing its design in smartphones, tablets and TVs since then. The company has also recent shown off examples of non-rectangular shaped displays based on IGZO. Sharp isn’t the only player in this field — LG and Samsung are both interested in the technology as well.

The area where IGZO, and other technologies, have often struggled is when it comes to implementations with OLED. ASi has proven rather unsuitable to drive OLED displays, with LTPS providing good performance, but at increasing expense as display size and pixel densities increase. The OLED industry is on the hunt for a technology which combines the low cost and scalability of a-Si with the high performance and stability of LTPS, which is where IGZO comes in.

Why should the industry make the switch over to IGZO? Well, the technology has quite a lot of potential, especially for mobile devices. IGZO’s build materials allow for a decent level of electron mobility, offering 20 to 50 times the electron mobility of amorphous silicon (a-Si), although this isn’t quite as high as LTPS, which leaves you with quite a few design possibilities. IGZO displays can therefore by shrunk down to smaller transistor sizes, resulting in lower power consumption, which provides the added benefit of making the IGZO layer less visible than other types. That means you can run the display at a lower brightness to achieve the same output, reducing power consumption in the process.

One of IGZO’s other benefits is that it is highly scalable, allowing for much higher resolution displays with greatly increased pixel densities. Sharp has already announced plans for panels with 600 pixels per inch. This can be accomplished more easily than with a-Si TFT types due to the smaller transistor size.

Smaller IGZO transistors are also touting superior noise isolation compared to a-Si, which should result in a smoother and more sensitive user experience when used with touchscreens. When it comes to IGZO OLED, the technology is well on the way, as Sharp has just unveiled its new 13.3-inch 8K OLED display at SID-2014.

Essentially, IGZO strives to reach the performance benefits of LTPS, whilst keeping fabrications costs as low as possible. LG and Sharp are both working on improving their manufacturing yields this year, with LG aiming for 70% with its new Gen 8 M2 fab. Combined with energy efficient display technologies like OLED, IGZO should be able to offer an excellent balance of cost, energy efficiency, and display quality for mobile devices.

Innovations in display backplanes aren’t stopping with IGZO, as companies are already investing in the next wave, aiming to further improve energy efficiency and display performance. Two examples worth keeping an eye are on are Amorphyx’ amorphous metal nonlinear resistor (AMNR) and CBRITE.

This developing technology can be manufacturing on a process that leverages a-Si TFT production equipment, which should keep costs down when it comes to switching production, whilst also offering a 40 percent lower cost of production compared with a-Si. AMNR is also touting better optical performance than a-Si and a complete lack of sensitivity to light, unlike IGZO. AMNR could end up offering a new cost effective option for mobile displays, while making improvements in power consumption too.

CBRITE, on the other hand, is working on its own metal oxide TFT, which has a material and process that delivers greater carrier mobility than IGZO. Electron mobility can happily reach 30cm²/V·sec, around the speed of IGZO, and has been demonstrated reaching 80cm²/V·sec, which is almost as high as LTPS. CBRITE also appears to lend itself nicely to the higher resolution and lower power consumption requirements of future mobile display technologies.

Smartphones are already benefiting from improvements in screen technology, and some would argue that things are already as good as they need to be, but the display industry still has plenty to show us over the next few years.