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In this tutorial, I’ll explain how to set up an LCD on an Arduino and show you all the different ways you can program it. I’ll show you how to print text, scroll text, make custom characters, blink text, and position text. They’re great for any project that outputs data, and they can make your project a lot more interesting and interactive.

The display I’m using is a 16×2 LCD display that I bought for about $5. You may be wondering why it’s called a 16×2 LCD. The part 16×2 means that the LCD has 2 lines, and can display 16 characters per line. Therefore, a 16×2 LCD screen can display up to 32 characters at once. It is possible to display more than 32 characters with scrolling though.

The code in this article is written for LCD’s that use the standard Hitachi HD44780 driver. If your LCD has 16 pins, then it probably has the Hitachi HD44780 driver. These displays can be wired in either 4 bit mode or 8 bit mode. Wiring the LCD in 4 bit mode is usually preferred since it uses four less wires than 8 bit mode. In practice, there isn’t a noticeable difference in performance between the two modes. In this tutorial, I’ll connect the LCD in 4 bit mode.

BONUS: I made a quick start guide for this tutorial that you can download and go back to later if you can’t set this up right now. It covers all of the steps, diagrams, and code you need to get started.

Here’s a diagram of the pins on the LCD I’m using. The connections from each pin to the Arduino will be the same, but your pins might be arranged differently on the LCD. Be sure to check the datasheet or look for labels on your particular LCD:

Also, you might need to solder a 16 pin header to your LCD before connecting it to a breadboard. Follow the diagram below to wire the LCD to your Arduino:

The resistor in the diagram above sets the backlight brightness. A typical value is 220 Ohms, but other values will work too. Smaller resistors will make the backlight brighter.

All of the code below uses the LiquidCrystal library that comes pre-installed with the Arduino IDE. A library is a set of functions that can be easily added to a program in an abbreviated format.

In order to use a library, it needs be included in the program. Line 1 in the code below does this with the command #include . When you include a library in a program, all of the code in the library gets uploaded to the Arduino along with the code for your program.

Now we’re ready to get into the programming! I’ll go over more interesting things you can do in a moment, but for now lets just run a simple test program. This program will print “hello, world!” to the screen. Enter this code into the Arduino IDE and upload it to the board:

There are 19 different functions in the LiquidCrystal library available for us to use. These functions do things like change the position of the text, move text across the screen, or make the display turn on or off. What follows is a short description of each function, and how to use it in a program.

TheLiquidCrystal() function sets the pins the Arduino uses to connect to the LCD. You can use any of the Arduino’s digital pins to control the LCD. Just put the Arduino pin numbers inside the parentheses in this order:

This function sets the dimensions of the LCD. It needs to be placed before any other LiquidCrystal function in the void setup() section of the program. The number of rows and columns are specified as lcd.begin(columns, rows). For a 16×2 LCD, you would use lcd.begin(16, 2), and for a 20×4 LCD you would use lcd.begin(20, 4).

This function clears any text or data already displayed on the LCD. If you use lcd.clear() with lcd.print() and the delay() function in the void loop() section, you can make a simple blinking text program:

Similar, but more useful than lcd.home() is lcd.setCursor(). This function places the cursor (and any printed text) at any position on the screen. It can be used in the void setup() or void loop() section of your program.

The cursor position is defined with lcd.setCursor(column, row). The column and row coordinates start from zero (0-15 and 0-1 respectively). For example, using lcd.setCursor(2, 1) in the void setup() section of the “hello, world!” program above prints “hello, world!” to the lower line and shifts it to the right two spaces:

You can use this function to write different types of data to the LCD, for example the reading from a temperature sensor, or the coordinates from a GPS module. You can also use it to print custom characters that you create yourself (more on this below). Use lcd.write() in the void setup() or void loop() section of your program.

The function lcd.noCursor() turns the cursor off. lcd.cursor() and lcd.noCursor() can be used together in the void loop() section to make a blinking cursor similar to what you see in many text input fields:

Cursors can be placed anywhere on the screen with the lcd.setCursor() function. This code places a blinking cursor directly below the exclamation point in “hello, world!”:

This function creates a block style cursor that blinks on and off at approximately 500 milliseconds per cycle. Use it in the void loop() section. The function lcd.noBlink() disables the blinking block cursor.

This function turns on any text or cursors that have been printed to the LCD screen. The function lcd.noDisplay() turns off any text or cursors printed to the LCD, without clearing it from the LCD’s memory.

These two functions can be used together in the void loop() section to create a blinking text effect. This code will make the “hello, world!” text blink on and off:

This function takes anything printed to the LCD and moves it to the left. It should be used in the void loop() section with a delay command following it. The function will move the text 40 spaces to the left before it loops back to the first character. This code moves the “hello, world!” text to the left, at a rate of one second per character:

This function takes a string of text and scrolls it from right to left in increments of the character count of the string. For example, if you have a string of text that is 3 characters long, it will shift the text 3 spaces to the left with each step:

Like the lcd.scrollDisplay() functions, the text can be up to 40 characters in length before repeating. At first glance, this function seems less useful than the lcd.scrollDisplay() functions, but it can be very useful for creating animations with custom characters.

lcd.noAutoscroll() turns the lcd.autoscroll() function off. Use this function before or after lcd.autoscroll() in the void loop() section to create sequences of scrolling text or animations.

This function sets the direction that text is printed to the screen. The default mode is from left to right using the command lcd.leftToRight(), but you may find some cases where it’s useful to output text in the reverse direction:

This code prints the “hello, world!” text as “!dlrow ,olleh”. Unless you specify the placement of the cursor with lcd.setCursor(), the text will print from the (0, 1) position and only the first character of the string will be visible.

This command allows you to create your own custom characters. Each character of a 16×2 LCD has a 5 pixel width and an 8 pixel height. Up to 8 different custom characters can be defined in a single program. To design your own characters, you’ll need to make a binary matrix of your custom character from an LCD character generator or map it yourself. This code creates a degree symbol (°):

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Since the use of an LCD requires many microcontroller pins, we will reduce that number using serial communication, which is basically sending "packages" of data one after another, using only two pins of our microcontroller , pins SDA and SCL which are the analog pins A4 and A5 of the Arduino NANO or pro mini.

First of all we connect i2c pins module as shown in the schematic. Power the LCD module to 5 volts and connect the ground as well. The SDA pin of the i2c module conected to arduinio A5 and the SCL pin to A4. We connect the arduino to USB and we are ready to program. In order to make the LCD work we need to inport the LCD library for arduino.

On previous tutorials on our website, we have covered the use of several displays, LCDs, and TFTs, with diverse Arduino boards. From Nokia 5110 LCD display to different types of OLEDs, the reason for the tutorials has been to ensure that, as a reader, you know how to use many of the most popular displays so this help you make the best choice when trying to select the perfect display for your project. For today’s tutorial, we will continue in that line and examine how to use the 20×4 I2C Character LCD Display with Arduino.

The 20×4 LCD display is essentially a bigger (increased number of rows and columns) version of the 16×2 LCD display with which we have built several projects. The display has room to display 20 columns of characters on 4 rows which makes it perfect for displaying a large amount of text without scrolling. Each of the columns has a resolution of 5×8 pixels which ensures its visibility from a substantial distance. Asides its size, the interesting thing about this version of the display being used for today’s tutorial is the fact that it communicates via I2C, which means we will only require 2 wires asides GND and VCC to connect the display to the Arduino. This is possible via the Parallel to I2C module coupled to the display as shown in picture below. The I2C module can also be bought individually, and coupled to the 16 pins version of the display.

To demonstrate how to use this display, we will build a real-time clock which will display date and time on the LCD. To generate and keep track of date and time, we will use the DS3231 Real time clock. We covered the use of the DS3231 RTC module in the tutorial on DS3231 based Real-time Clock, you can check it out to learn more about its use with the Arduino.

The exact component used for this tutorial can be bought via the links attached and the power bank is only required to run the Arduino when not connected to the computer. You can replace this with a 9V battery and a center-positive power jack.

Since the display and the real-time clock are both I2C devices, they will be connected to the same pins on the Arduino. For the Arduino Uno, the I2C pins are located on Pin A5 (SCL) and A4 (SDA). This may differ on any of the other Arduino boards. Connect the components as shown in the schematics below;

To write the code for this project, we will use three main libraries; the DS1307 Library to easily interface with the DS3231 module, the liquid crystal I2C library to easily interface with the LCD display, and the Wire library for I2C communication. While the Wire library comes built into the Arduino IDE, the other two libraries can be downloaded and installed via the links attached to them.

As mentioned during the introduction, our task for today is to obtain time and date information from the RTC module and display on the LCD. As usual, I will do a breakdown of the code and try to explain some of the concepts within it that may be difficult to understand.

We start the code by including the libraries that will be used. After which we create an object of the Liquid crystal library, with the I2C address of the LCD as an argument. The I2C address can be obtained from the seller or as described in our tutorial on using the 16×2 LCD display to ESP32.

Next, we create a set of variables which comprises of byte arrays that represent custom characters to be created and displayed.  The custom characters are usually 5pixels in width and 8 pixels in height, representing each box in the rows or columns of the LCD. The byte array represents which pixels of the box to be turned on or off.

Next, we write the void setup function and start by initializing the library using the lcd.begin() function, with the first argument representing the number of columns, and the second argument representing the number of rows. After this, the CreateCustomCharacters() function is called to convert the char variables created above into characters that can be displayed on the LCD. One of the characters created is then used to create a UI/frame which is displayed using the printFrame() function.

The idea behind the voidloop function is simple. We create a variable “tm” to hold time elements and then call the RTC.read() function such that its response is stored in tm. This is all done within an if statement which prints the time and date value stored in tm, if a response is received from the rtc. If a response is not received, the else statement is executed.

The first function is the printTime() which breaks down the time data stored in the “tm” variable to extract seconds, minutes and hour values. These values are then displayed on the LCD using the lcd.print() function.

The printDate function is similar to the printTime function. It extracts date information from the variable tm and uses the lcd.print() function to display it.

Other functions include the createCustomCharacters() and the printFrame() functions. The createCustomCharacters() function, as the name implies, is used to create custom characters using byte arrays. The function takes two arguments; the character number, and the variable to in which the byte array for that character is stored. Only 7 characters can be created at once as such the character number is usually between 1 and 7.

The printFrame() function, on the other hand, was used to create a sort of user interface for the project. it makes use of the characters created above. Each of the custom characters created is displayed using the lcd.write(byte(x)) function with x being the character number of the character to be displayed. The characters are positioned on the LCD using the lcd.setCursor() function which takes numbers representing the column and row on which the character is to be displayed, as arguments.

As usual, go over the schematics to be sure everything is connected as it should be, then connect the Arduino board to your PC and upload the code to it. Ensure all the libraries have been installed to avoid errors.

Different projects, come with different screen requirements. If you need to display a large amount of information and the size is not a constraint, the 20×4 I2C display is definitely one of the options you should consider.

Before Executing Install the packages and Enter the Arduino Port NoMake Sure"INTERNET IS TURNED ON"Now run the python fileNow you can see output in the LCD display

In this guide we’re going to show you how you can use the 1.8 TFT display with the Arduino. You’ll learn how to wire the display, write text, draw shapes and display images on the screen.

The 1.8 TFT is a colorful display with 128 x 160 color pixels. The display can load images from an SD card – it has an SD card slot at the back. The following figure shows the screen front and back view.

This module uses SPI communication – see the wiring below . To control the display we’ll use the TFT library, which is already included with Arduino IDE 1.0.5 and later.

The TFT display communicates with the Arduino via SPI communication, so you need to include the SPI library on your code. We also use the TFT library to write and draw on the display.

In which “Hello, World!” is the text you want to display and the (x, y) coordinate is the location where you want to start display text on the screen.

The 1.8 TFT display can load images from the SD card. To read from the SD card you use the SD library, already included in the Arduino IDE software. Follow the next steps to display an image on the display:

Note: some people find issues with this display when trying to read from the SD card. We don’t know why that happens. In fact, we tested a couple of times and it worked well, and then, when we were about to record to show you the final result, the display didn’t recognized the SD card anymore – we’re not sure if it’s a problem with the SD card holder that doesn’t establish a proper connection with the SD card. However, we are sure these instructions work, because we’ve tested them.

In this guide we’ve shown you how to use the 1.8 TFT display with the Arduino: display text, draw shapes and display images. You can easily add a nice visual interface to your projects using this display.

In this Arduino tutorial we will learn how to connect and use an LCD (Liquid Crystal Display)with Arduino. LCD displays like these are very popular and broadly used in many electronics projects because they are great for displaying simple information, like sensors data, while being very affordable.

You can watch the following video or read the written tutorial below. It includes everything you need to know about using an LCD character display with Arduino, such as, LCD pinout, wiring diagram and several example codes.

An LCD character display is a unique type of display that can only output individual ASCII characters with fixed size. Using these individual characters then we can form a text.

If we take a closer look at the display we can notice that there are small rectangular areas composed of 5×8 pixels grid. Each pixel can light up individually, and so we can generate characters within each grid.

The number of the rectangular areas define the size of the LCD. The most popular LCD is the 16×2 LCD, which has two rows with 16 rectangular areas or characters. Of course, there are other sizes like 16×1, 16×4, 20×4 and so on, but they all work on the same principle. Also, these LCDs can have different background and text color.

It has 16 pins and the first one from left to right is the Groundpin. The second pin is the VCCwhich we connect the 5 volts pin on the Arduino Board. Next is the Vo pin on which we can attach a potentiometer for controlling the contrast of the display.

Next, The RSpin or register select pin is used for selecting whether we will send commands or data to the LCD. For example if the RS pin is set on low state or zero volts, then we are sending commands to the LCD like: set the cursor to a specific location, clear the display, turn off the display and so on. And when RS pin is set on High state or 5 volts we are sending data or characters to the LCD.

Next comes the R/W pin which selects the mode whether we will read or write to the LCD. Here the write mode is obvious and it is used for writing or sending commands and data to the LCD. The read mode is used by the LCD itself when executing the program which we don’t have a need to discuss about it in this tutorial.

Next is the E pin which enables the writing to the registers, or the next 8 data pins from D0 to D7. So through this pins we are sending the 8 bits data when we are writing to the registers or for example if we want to see the latter uppercase A on the display we will send 0100 0001 to the registers according to the ASCII table. The last two pins A and K, or anode and cathode are for the LED back light.

After all we don’t have to worry much about how the LCD works, as the Liquid Crystal Library takes care for almost everything. From the Arduino’s official website you can find and see the functions of the library which enable easy use of the LCD. We can use the Library in 4 or 8 bit mode. In this tutorial we will use it in 4 bit mode, or we will just use 4 of the 8 data pins.

We will use just 6 digital input pins from the Arduino Board. The LCD’s registers from D4 to D7 will be connected to Arduino’s digital pins from 4 to 7. The Enable pin will be connected to pin number 2 and the RS pin will be connected to pin number 1. The R/W pin will be connected to Ground and theVo pin will be connected to the potentiometer middle pin.

We can adjust the contrast of the LCD by adjusting the voltage input at the Vo pin. We are using a potentiometer because in that way we can easily fine tune the contrast, by adjusting input voltage from 0 to 5V.

Yes, in case we don’t have a potentiometer, we can still adjust the LCD contrast by using a voltage divider made out of two resistors. Using the voltage divider we need to set the voltage value between 0 and 5V in order to get a good contrast on the display. I found that voltage of around 1V worked worked great for my LCD. I used 1K and 220 ohm resistor to get a good contrast.

There’s also another way of adjusting the LCD contrast, and that’s by supplying a PWM signal from the Arduino to the Vo pin of the LCD. We can connect the Vo pin to any Arduino PWM capable pin, and in the setup section, we can use the following line of code:

It will generate PWM signal at pin D11, with value of 100 out of 255, which translated into voltage from 0 to 5V, it will be around 2V input at the Vo LCD pin.

First thing we need to do is it insert the Liquid Crystal Library. We can do that like this: Sketch > Include Library > Liquid Crystal. Then we have to create an LC object. The parameters of this object should be the numbers of the Digital Input pins of the Arduino Board respectively to the LCD’s pins as follow: (RS, Enable, D4, D5, D6, D7). In the setup we have to initialize the interface to the LCD and specify the dimensions of the display using the begin()function.

The cursor() function is used for displaying underscore cursor and the noCursor() function for turning off. Using the clear() function we can clear the LCD screen.

In case we have a text with length greater than 16 characters, we can scroll the text using the scrollDisplayLeft() orscrollDisplayRight() function from the LiquidCrystal library.

We can choose whether the text will scroll left or right, using the scrollDisplayLeft() orscrollDisplayRight() functions. With the delay() function we can set the scrolling speed.

The first parameter in this function is a number between 0 and 7, or we have to reserve one of the 8 supported custom characters. The second parameter is the name of the array of bytes.

So, we have covered pretty much everything we need to know about using an LCD with Arduino. These LCD Character displays are really handy for displaying information for many electronics project. In the examples above I used 16×2 LCD, but the same working principle applies for any other size of these character displays.

I hope you enjoyed this tutorial and learned something new. Feel free to ask any question in the comments section below and don’t forget to check out my full collection of 30+ Arduino Projects.

In this tutorial, we will display the custom characters on an LCD 16×2. Liquid crystal display (LCDs) offer a convenient and inexpensive way to provide a user interface for a project.

By far the most popular LCD used is the text panel based on the Hitachi HD44780 chip. This displays two or four lines of text, with 16 or 20 characters per line (32 and 40 character versions are also available, but usually at much higher prices).

We want to define and display custom characters or symbols (glyphs) that we have created. The symbols we want to display are not predefined in the LCD character memory.

A library for driving text LCD displays is provided with Arduino, and you can print text on your LCD easily as on the serial monitor because of LCD and serial share the same underlying print function.

To display custom characters on LCD, we must first know about the LCD dot matrix means pixels in LCD. There are 5 pixels in rows and 8 pixels in columns means every character is a combination of 5*8 dots.

The LiquidCrystal library enables you to create up to eight custom characters, which can be printed as character codes 0 through 8. Each character on the screen is drawn on a grid of 5 x 8 pixels.

To define a character, you need to create an array of eight bytes. Each byte defines one of the rows in the character. When written as a binary number, the 1 indicates a pixel is on, 0 is off (any values after the fifth bit are ignored).

Now We want to combine two or more custom characters to print larger fonts / double-height characters than a single character; for example, double-height numbers on the screen.

[5] is the number of glyphs [8] is the number of rows in each glyph. Each element contains 1s and 0s indicate whether a pixel is on or off in that row. If you compare the values in glyph[0] (the first glyph), you can see that the 1s correspond to dark pixels:

Each big number is built from six of these glyphs, three forming the upper half of the big digit and three forming the lower half. BiDigitsTop and bigDigitsBot are arrays defining which custom glyph is used for the top and bottom rows on the LCD screen.

Using a display is a common need to have data visualization for projects including mobile screen. I2C 16X2 Liquid Crystal Character LCD Display is one of most used device and can be interfaced to Arduino Uno by using Arduino IDE

Liquid crystal display is an important part of a system and it helps to display the different constraints of the project. There are many types of LCD displays are available in the market and they can be easily identified by the interface; most of the LCD displays have ten pin interfaces and require appropriate cabling and code. The I2C LCD display has compatible driver circuitry of PCF8574 I2C chip which make simpler the cabling phase.

The most common family of LCD is 16×2 characters LCD which has sixteen columns and two rows of the characters and these can be effectively programmed in an Arduino environment. The pictorial view of the 16×2 LCD is shown in the figure.

In this tutorial, the focus of the work is character LCD. The word characters mean that alphabets (A, B, C… Z, a, b, … z and symbols) and decimals (1,2,3) can be displayed on this LCD. Other graphics like graphs, waveforms are not able to be displayed on it.

As usual, I suggest adding from now to your favourite e-commerce shopping cart all the needed hardware, so that at the end you will be able to evaluate overall costs and decide if continue with the project or remove them from the shopping cart. So, hardware will be only:

I2C LCD contains 4 pins, which are VCC, GND, SCL and SDA. SCL and SDA are dedicated to i2C communication. Every microcontroller has dedicated pins of I2C. For Arduino Uno are A4 (SDA) and A5 (SCL).

Connect your PC to Arduino and open Arduino IDE. For the very first steps, you can refer to Connecting Connecting Windows PC with Arduino tutorial. Download the “arduinoLCD” code and library from this link

Extract the folder from your PC. You will have a folder named “arduinoLCD” containing a file named “arduinoLCD.ino”. Open this file with your Arduino IDE.

This is the section before setup which is used for globe variables defining and libraries additions. Wire.h is the library for I2C two-wire communication, Liquid_crystal_I2C is an LCD library that communicates in the I2C communication protocol. Child of the library is created in the third line, which defines 0x27 as the i2c address, 16 are the columns while 2 are the rows. If you have a 20X4 LCD, just write down 20 by replacing 16 and 4 by changing 2.

This is the setup section in which LCD is initialised by lcd.begin() command, while LCD contains a light that can be turned on and off. When lcd.backlight is initialised, it turns ON the LCD lights. Character LCD comes in blue and yellow backlights.

In the loop section, LCD cursors are defined at which character needs to be written, lcd.setCursor (0,0) means cursor should be at the location of column 0 and row 0. lcd.print(“Seconds”) deals the seconds as a string and directly print it. If what is written is lcd.print(seconds), without double commas, the code will consider it as a variable, which should be defined.

Lcd.print(millis()/1000) where millis() is the time of the program when the Arduino board started, dividing by 1000 means milliseconds converted to seconds.

From your Arduino IDE, compile the code. Once compile operation has finished successfully, load it in your Arduino and the LCD Display will start showing with Arduino as in the following picture:

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