tft lcd review factory

A thin-film-transistor liquid-crystal display (TFT LCD) is a variant of a liquid-crystal display that uses thin-film-transistor technologyactive matrix LCD, in contrast to passive matrix LCDs or simple, direct-driven (i.e. with segments directly connected to electronics outside the LCD) LCDs with a few segments.

In February 1957, John Wallmark of RCA filed a patent for a thin film MOSFET. Paul K. Weimer, also of RCA implemented Wallmark"s ideas and developed the thin-film transistor (TFT) in 1962, a type of MOSFET distinct from the standard bulk MOSFET. It was made with thin films of cadmium selenide and cadmium sulfide. The idea of a TFT-based liquid-crystal display (LCD) was conceived by Bernard Lechner of RCA Laboratories in 1968. In 1971, Lechner, F. J. Marlowe, E. O. Nester and J. Tults demonstrated a 2-by-18 matrix display driven by a hybrid circuit using the dynamic scattering mode of LCDs.T. Peter Brody, J. A. Asars and G. D. Dixon at Westinghouse Research Laboratories developed a CdSe (cadmium selenide) TFT, which they used to demonstrate the first CdSe thin-film-transistor liquid-crystal display (TFT LCD).active-matrix liquid-crystal display (AM LCD) using CdSe TFTs in 1974, and then Brody coined the term "active matrix" in 1975.high-resolution and high-quality electronic visual display devices use TFT-based active matrix displays.

The circuit layout process of a TFT-LCD is very similar to that of semiconductor products. However, rather than fabricating the transistors from silicon, that is formed into a crystalline silicon wafer, they are made from a thin film of amorphous silicon that is deposited on a glass panel. The silicon layer for TFT-LCDs is typically deposited using the PECVD process.

Polycrystalline silicon is sometimes used in displays requiring higher TFT performance. Examples include small high-resolution displays such as those found in projectors or viewfinders. Amorphous silicon-based TFTs are by far the most common, due to their lower production cost, whereas polycrystalline silicon TFTs are more costly and much more difficult to produce.

The twisted nematic display is one of the oldest and frequently cheapest kind of LCD display technologies available. TN displays benefit from fast pixel response times and less smearing than other LCD display technology, but suffer from poor color reproduction and limited viewing angles, especially in the vertical direction. Colors will shift, potentially to the point of completely inverting, when viewed at an angle that is not perpendicular to the display. Modern, high end consumer products have developed methods to overcome the technology"s shortcomings, such as RTC (Response Time Compensation / Overdrive) technologies. Modern TN displays can look significantly better than older TN displays from decades earlier, but overall TN has inferior viewing angles and poor color in comparison to other technology.

The transmittance of a pixel of an LCD panel typically does not change linearly with the applied voltage,sRGB standard for computer monitors requires a specific nonlinear dependence of the amount of emitted light as a function of the RGB value.

Less expensive PVA panels often use dithering and FRC, whereas super-PVA (S-PVA) panels all use at least 8 bits per color component and do not use color simulation methods.BRAVIA LCD TVs offer 10-bit and xvYCC color support, for example, the Bravia X4500 series. S-PVA also offers fast response times using modern RTC technologies.

TFT dual-transistor pixel or cell technology is a reflective-display technology for use in very-low-power-consumption applications such as electronic shelf labels (ESL), digital watches, or metering. DTP involves adding a secondary transistor gate in the single TFT cell to maintain the display of a pixel during a period of 1s without loss of image or without degrading the TFT transistors over time. By slowing the refresh rate of the standard frequency from 60 Hz to 1 Hz, DTP claims to increase the power efficiency by multiple orders of magnitude.

Due to the very high cost of building TFT factories, there are few major OEM panel vendors for large display panels. The glass panel suppliers are as follows:

External consumer display devices like a TFT LCD feature one or more analog VGA, DVI, HDMI, or DisplayPort interface, with many featuring a selection of these interfaces. Inside external display devices there is a controller board that will convert the video signal using color mapping and image scaling usually employing the discrete cosine transform (DCT) in order to convert any video source like CVBS, VGA, DVI, HDMI, etc. into digital RGB at the native resolution of the display panel. In a laptop the graphics chip will directly produce a signal suitable for connection to the built-in TFT display. A control mechanism for the backlight is usually included on the same controller board.

The low level interface of STN, DSTN, or TFT display panels use either single ended TTL 5 V signal for older displays or TTL 3.3 V for slightly newer displays that transmits the pixel clock, horizontal sync, vertical sync, digital red, digital green, digital blue in parallel. Some models (for example the AT070TN92) also feature input/display enable, horizontal scan direction and vertical scan direction signals.

New and large (>15") TFT displays often use LVDS signaling that transmits the same contents as the parallel interface (Hsync, Vsync, RGB) but will put control and RGB bits into a number of serial transmission lines synchronized to a clock whose rate is equal to the pixel rate. LVDS transmits seven bits per clock per data line, with six bits being data and one bit used to signal if the other six bits need to be inverted in order to maintain DC balance. Low-cost TFT displays often have three data lines and therefore only directly support 18 bits per pixel. Upscale displays have four or five data lines to support 24 bits per pixel (truecolor) or 30 bits per pixel respectively. Panel manufacturers are slowly replacing LVDS with Internal DisplayPort and Embedded DisplayPort, which allow sixfold reduction of the number of differential pairs.

Kawamoto, H. (2012). "The Inventors of TFT Active-Matrix LCD Receive the 2011 IEEE Nishizawa Medal". Journal of Display Technology. 8 (1): 3–4. Bibcode:2012JDisT...8....3K. doi:10.1109/JDT.2011.2177740. ISSN 1551-319X.

K. H. Lee; H. Y. Kim; K. H. Park; S. J. Jang; I. C. Park & J. Y. Lee (June 2006). "A Novel Outdoor Readability of Portable TFT-LCD with AFFS Technology". SID Symposium Digest of Technical Papers. AIP. 37 (1): 1079–82. doi:10.1889/1.2433159. S2CID 129569963.

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Asahi Glass, Co., Ltd. (Headquarters: Tokyo; President: Shinya Ishizu) decided to increase its manufacturing capacity of glass substrates used for TFT-LCD (Thin Film Transistor Liquid Crystal Display). With this increase the company will install new furnace of glass substrate at its Kansai factory and augment its glass panel polishing line in Taiwan. Engineering will commence from August of this year and is expected to be completed in October, 2003. Total funds to be injected into the project are estimated at 17 billion yen. The total production capacity as a result of this increase is estimated to be 10 million square meters annually, using four furnaces of glass substrates.

The demand for TFT-LCD displays is predicted to increase at a rate of 30% annually through the year 2005, since a steady increase is predicted not only for their use in notebook PCs, but even more so for their use in PC monitors. Their use in TVs is also expected to sky rocket. In addition, TFT-LCD substrate panel manufacturers announce they plan to use the large substrates to reduce their cost, and that in the future the "5th Generation Size" of glass substrates with a surface are exceeding one square meter, will be the industry mainstay.

Unlike many competitors, Asahi Glass incorporates floating method in manufacturing process of the glass substrates, which is suited to the mass production of large size. The company decided to increase the manufacturing capacity of its TFT-LCD glass substrates because it felt that the increasing demand for TFT-LCD displays and calls for larger glass substrates for TFT-LCD displays presented a great opportunity to further expand this business area and become the global leader in the impending. Details of the future capacity increase are as follows:

We will install the fourth furnace of TFT-LCD glass substrate at the Kansai Factory (Amagasaki City, Hyogo Prefecture). The new furnace will enable highly efficient multi-line production of ultra-large-sized substrates, primarily ultra-large glass substrates larger than one square meter, making possible the manufacture of glass substrates of approximately four meters in width. The manufacturing capacity of this furnace is four million square meters annually, nearly twice that of our existing furnaces, and requires a capital investment of roughly 12 billion yen.

We will augment the TFT-LCD glass panel polishing line, which is targeted for the fifth generation size glass substrate, at Asahi Glass Fine Techno Taiwan Co., Ltd. (a fully owned subsidiary of Asahi Glass, Co., Ltd., located in Douliu City, Taiwan), which has been operating a polishing line since 2001. Capital investment for the new line is roughly five billion yen. Although Asahi Glass Fine Techno in Japan (a fully owned subsidiary of Asahi Glass, Co., Ltd., located in Yonezawa City, Yamagata Prefecture) also conducts polishing of TFT-LCD glass substrates, the line addition will be made in Taiwan, since future production volumes of TFT-LCD substrates will greatly increase there and since it is expected that Taiwanese TFT-LCD panel manufacturers will employ the 5th generation size of glass substrate before manufacturers in Japan do.

We will fully leverage the features of the float method, which is especially suited for larger glass substrates, to address increasing demand and proceed with the expansion of the TFT-LCD glass substrate business.

We are the only glass manufacturer in the world employing the float method in the manufacturing process of TFT-LCD glass substrates. Produced using this method and brought to market in 1998, our "AN100" product exhibits the following major features:

The "AN100" comes fully equipped with the qualities sought after in the future TFT-LCD industry"s 5th generation line of large glass substrate (one square meter or larger), and is very highly regarded by our customers.

Our "AN100" is an environmental friendly product. In fact, it is the only non-alkaline glass substrate used in TFT-LCD displays that does not use the harmful substances known as Arsenious Acid (As2O3) and Antimony (Sb2O3) in the manufacturing process.

For example, the display is made up of a number of components. At its heart is a thin-film transistor liquid crystal display (TFT-LCD) panel, which is mated with a backlight assembly and bezel. The TFT-LCD panels are made by a handful of Asian manufacturers in large, capital-intensive factories — the most recent of these cost more than $6 billion each to build and equip. These panel makers, in turn, are dependent on others who supply essential raw materials such as optically flat glass sheets, polarizing films, flexible circuit connectors, display driver chips, and a host of other inputs. The display driver chips are made in semiconductor factories (“fabs”) spread around the world.

The desire to avoid capital investments also leads to risk aversion to investing in new manufacturing technologies. I worked with a company that was supplying quantum dot backlighting technology for LCD flat-panel displays. Manufacturers were insistent that any new technologies had to fit into their existing capital-intensive workflows. I also heard a leader of a U.S. Department of Energy R&D group worry about how the extensive battery-manufacturing infrastructure in China had moved so effectively down the cost curve that it made it difficult for a potentially superior new technology from several MIT spinoffs to compete let alone raise the capital for a new production facility. The problem for the United States is exacerbated by countries like China that subsidize the construction and equipping of new production facilities.

This IPS TFT display has a high resolution 1024x600 screen. The IPS technology delivers exceptional image quality with superior color reproduction and contrast ratio at any angle. This 24-bit true color Liquid Crystal Display includes better FPC design with EMI shielding on the cable, is RoHS compliant, and does not include a touchscreen.