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The short name of TFT:Thin Film Transistor in Chinese. What is the difference between TFT and LCD? Our laptops and desktops now use relatively advanced TFT displays, which consist of LCD pixels and are powered by thin-film transistors integrated behind the pixels. Therefore, the TFT type display screen also belongs to a class of display devices with a source matrix.

TFT type display screen is currently a better LCD color display, TFT type display has many advantages: high responsiveness, high brightness, high contrast, and so on.TFT displays are closest to CRT displays. The TFT screen also often appears on the screen of each big mobile phone, there are 65536 colors, 160,000 colors, 16 million colors three, its display effect is also very good.

TFT means that every LCD pixel on an LCD is driven by a thin-film transistor integrated behind it. Thus can achieve high speed, high brightness, high contrast display screen information, TFT-LCD(thin-film transistor liquid crystal display) is one of the majority of LIQUID crystal displays.

Liquid Crystal Display (LCD). The structure of the LCD is placed in the middle of the two pieces of parallel glass liquid crystal box, the substrate glass set on TFT (thin-film transistor), set the color filter substrate glass on, on the TFT signal, and the voltage change to control the rotation direction of the liquid crystal molecules, so as to achieve control of each pixel display emergent polarized light or not and to achieve. Now THAT LCD has replaced CRT as the mainstream, the price has dropped a lot and become widely available.

The TFT(Thin Film Field-effect Transistor) is a video in which every single pixel in the liquid crystal display is actuated by a Thin Film Transistor embedded in the rear. Thus can achieve high speed, high brightness, high contrast display screen information.

Color screens of mobile phones vary depending on LCD quality and research and development technology. The types of color screens include STN (CSTN), TFT(LTPS), TFD, UFB, and OLED.

Liquid Crystal Display (LCD). Generally divided into monochrome and color LCD two kinds, the current monochrome LCD has almost out of the notebook computer market, and color LCD still continues to develop. The color LCD can be divided into two types: STN and TFT. The TFT(Thin Film Transistorized)LCD, also known as the active transistorized Transistor LIQUID crystal display (LCD), is the true-color LIQUID crystal display that many people describe as the Thin Film Transistor.DSTN (Dual Scan Twisted Nematic)LCD, namely double scan LIQUID crystal display. It is a display mode of STN LCD, which is no longer on the market.

What is the difference between TFT and LCD? Read here I believe you have a general understanding and cognition of TFT and LCD, LCD refers to liquid crystal display, TFT is a kind of LCD. The former is for laptops and the latter is for desktop computers. There are several different technologies for LCD, FED, PDP, OLED, TFT-LCD, they are all LCD. Only the desktop with several fronts more, lower cost, TFT technology cost is higher, generally used for notebook, or MOTO, etc., now most of the display is TFT type display, I believe we will pay more attention to the choice and purchase of digital goods.

In China. The biggest LCD panel manufacturer in the world now.  BOE has G4 (Chengdu), G5 (Beijing), G5.5 (Ordos), G6 (Hefei, Chengdu, Mianyang, Dalian), G8 (Beijing, Hefei, Chongqing), Fuqing, Dalian, Chongqing) and 10.5 (Hefei) production lines.

In Taiwan. One of the daughter company of Foxconn/Hon Hai.  In 2010, it bought the then famous LCD manufacturer, ChiMei, then changed its name to Innolux. It has G7.5 production lines.

In Korea and China. It is used to be the 2nd biggest TFT LCD manufacturers. LG also planned to stop the production but delayed the plan after the price increased. LG has G7.5 and G8.5 (Guangzhou) production lines.

In Korea. It used to be the biggest TFT LCD manufacturers before it was dethroned by BOE in 2019. Because of tough competition, Samsung planned to stop the production in 2021 but delayed because the price increase during the pandemic.  Samsung has G7 and G8.5 production lines.

In Japan and China. The pioneer and queen of LCD industry. Because of high cost and tough competitor, Sharp was acquired by Foxconn/Hon Hai in 2016. Sharp has G8, G8.5(Suzhou), G10, G10.5 (Guangzhou) production lines.

A thin-film-transistor liquid-crystal display (TFT LCD) is a variant of a liquid-crystal display that uses thin-film-transistor technologyactive matrix LCD, in contrast to passive matrix LCDs or simple, direct-driven (i.e. with segments directly connected to electronics outside the LCD) LCDs with a few segments.

In February 1957, John Wallmark of RCA filed a patent for a thin film MOSFET. Paul K. Weimer, also of RCA implemented Wallmark"s ideas and developed the thin-film transistor (TFT) in 1962, a type of MOSFET distinct from the standard bulk MOSFET. It was made with thin films of cadmium selenide and cadmium sulfide. The idea of a TFT-based liquid-crystal display (LCD) was conceived by Bernard Lechner of RCA Laboratories in 1968. In 1971, Lechner, F. J. Marlowe, E. O. Nester and J. Tults demonstrated a 2-by-18 matrix display driven by a hybrid circuit using the dynamic scattering mode of LCDs.T. Peter Brody, J. A. Asars and G. D. Dixon at Westinghouse Research Laboratories developed a CdSe (cadmium selenide) TFT, which they used to demonstrate the first CdSe thin-film-transistor liquid-crystal display (TFT LCD).active-matrix liquid-crystal display (AM LCD) using CdSe TFTs in 1974, and then Brody coined the term "active matrix" in 1975.high-resolution and high-quality electronic visual display devices use TFT-based active matrix displays.

The circuit layout process of a TFT-LCD is very similar to that of semiconductor products. However, rather than fabricating the transistors from silicon, that is formed into a crystalline silicon wafer, they are made from a thin film of amorphous silicon that is deposited on a glass panel. The silicon layer for TFT-LCDs is typically deposited using the PECVD process.

Polycrystalline silicon is sometimes used in displays requiring higher TFT performance. Examples include small high-resolution displays such as those found in projectors or viewfinders. Amorphous silicon-based TFTs are by far the most common, due to their lower production cost, whereas polycrystalline silicon TFTs are more costly and much more difficult to produce.

The twisted nematic display is one of the oldest and frequently cheapest kind of LCD display technologies available. TN displays benefit from fast pixel response times and less smearing than other LCD display technology, but suffer from poor color reproduction and limited viewing angles, especially in the vertical direction. Colors will shift, potentially to the point of completely inverting, when viewed at an angle that is not perpendicular to the display. Modern, high end consumer products have developed methods to overcome the technology"s shortcomings, such as RTC (Response Time Compensation / Overdrive) technologies. Modern TN displays can look significantly better than older TN displays from decades earlier, but overall TN has inferior viewing angles and poor color in comparison to other technology.

The transmittance of a pixel of an LCD panel typically does not change linearly with the applied voltage,sRGB standard for computer monitors requires a specific nonlinear dependence of the amount of emitted light as a function of the RGB value.

Less expensive PVA panels often use dithering and FRC, whereas super-PVA (S-PVA) panels all use at least 8 bits per color component and do not use color simulation methods.BRAVIA LCD TVs offer 10-bit and xvYCC color support, for example, the Bravia X4500 series. S-PVA also offers fast response times using modern RTC technologies.

TFT dual-transistor pixel or cell technology is a reflective-display technology for use in very-low-power-consumption applications such as electronic shelf labels (ESL), digital watches, or metering. DTP involves adding a secondary transistor gate in the single TFT cell to maintain the display of a pixel during a period of 1s without loss of image or without degrading the TFT transistors over time. By slowing the refresh rate of the standard frequency from 60 Hz to 1 Hz, DTP claims to increase the power efficiency by multiple orders of magnitude.

Due to the very high cost of building TFT factories, there are few major OEM panel vendors for large display panels. The glass panel suppliers are as follows:

External consumer display devices like a TFT LCD feature one or more analog VGA, DVI, HDMI, or DisplayPort interface, with many featuring a selection of these interfaces. Inside external display devices there is a controller board that will convert the video signal using color mapping and image scaling usually employing the discrete cosine transform (DCT) in order to convert any video source like CVBS, VGA, DVI, HDMI, etc. into digital RGB at the native resolution of the display panel. In a laptop the graphics chip will directly produce a signal suitable for connection to the built-in TFT display. A control mechanism for the backlight is usually included on the same controller board.

The low level interface of STN, DSTN, or TFT display panels use either single ended TTL 5 V signal for older displays or TTL 3.3 V for slightly newer displays that transmits the pixel clock, horizontal sync, vertical sync, digital red, digital green, digital blue in parallel. Some models (for example the AT070TN92) also feature input/display enable, horizontal scan direction and vertical scan direction signals.

New and large (>15") TFT displays often use LVDS signaling that transmits the same contents as the parallel interface (Hsync, Vsync, RGB) but will put control and RGB bits into a number of serial transmission lines synchronized to a clock whose rate is equal to the pixel rate. LVDS transmits seven bits per clock per data line, with six bits being data and one bit used to signal if the other six bits need to be inverted in order to maintain DC balance. Low-cost TFT displays often have three data lines and therefore only directly support 18 bits per pixel. Upscale displays have four or five data lines to support 24 bits per pixel (truecolor) or 30 bits per pixel respectively. Panel manufacturers are slowly replacing LVDS with Internal DisplayPort and Embedded DisplayPort, which allow sixfold reduction of the number of differential pairs.

Kawamoto, H. (2012). "The Inventors of TFT Active-Matrix LCD Receive the 2011 IEEE Nishizawa Medal". Journal of Display Technology. 8 (1): 3–4. Bibcode:2012JDisT...8....3K. doi:10.1109/JDT.2011.2177740. ISSN 1551-319X.

K. H. Lee; H. Y. Kim; K. H. Park; S. J. Jang; I. C. Park & J. Y. Lee (June 2006). "A Novel Outdoor Readability of Portable TFT-LCD with AFFS Technology". SID Symposium Digest of Technical Papers. AIP. 37 (1): 1079–82. doi:10.1889/1.2433159. S2CID 129569963.

The TFT-LCD industry touched the bottom in 2011, then has warmed up slowly since 2012 and is expected to reach its peak in early 2015, but it will fall into another lengthy decline stage by 2016. After the TFT-LCD industry slumped, TFT-LCD vendors in different countries chose varying countermeasures. South Korean vendors represented by Samsung strived to explore the OLED field. In Japan, Sharp transferred to be a small and medium-sized panel vendor, produced mobile phone panels with 8.5-generation lines and vigorously developed IGZO technology.

South Korean vendors chose the wrong direction, because the current-based OLED can not replace the voltage-based LCD due to following factors. Firstly, OLED requires LTPS technology, which means its cost is much higher than LCD. Secondly, the resolution of current-based components is difficult to raise, but LCD has huge potentials in terms of resolution. Thirdly, OLED’s quality is not steady for its employment of unstable chemical materials, and its luminous efficiency decays as time goes by, which is another fatal flaw. In the small and medium-sized field, Japanese vendors make advantage of LTPS and IGZO to occupy technical high grounds, and Taiwanese vendors lead the global LCD trend with 4K for the first time.

Samsung shows over-reliance on OLED, and its LCD business has gradually crept down. It not only lags behind INNOLUX under Taiwan"s Hon Hai in shipment, but also will drop behind INNOLUX in terms of revenue in 2014. As for profitability, Samsung gets into trouble as well. Being overly optimistic on the Chinese mainland market, Samsung invested heavily in China"s first foreign-funded 8.5-generation line in Suzhou. However, the production line brought the huge loss of KRW86.6 billion in the first half of 2014. Besides China, Samsung also witnessed loss in its overall LCD business in Q2 2014. Samsung has revealed that it will not launch any new OLED TV, even it may quit the OLED TV field in 2015.

Currently, the prices of 32 to 42-inch LCD-TV panels have stabilized and tend to rise marginally before the peak season, while the prices of 42 to 65-inch LCD-TV panels follow the downward trend as LG Display and Samsung put two 8.5-generation lines into operation in the first half of 2014. In 2015, CSOT’s second 8.5-generation line, Chongqing BOE’s second 8.5-generation line and CEC-Panda"s first 8.5-generation line will target at the 46 to 65-inch TV market, but the output will not be high in the initial stage, so they will not influence the market significantly. On the whole, China will have five 8.5-generation lines in 2015.

When compared to the ordinary LCD, TFT LCD gives very sharp and crisp text/graphic with shorter response time. TFT LCD displays are used in more and more applications, giving products better visual presentation.

TFT is an abbreviation for "Thin Film Transistor". The color TFT LCD display has transistors made up of thin films of Amorphous silicon deposited on a glass. It serves as a control valve to provide an appropriate voltage onto liquid crystals for individual sub-pixels. That is why TFT LCD display is also called Active Matrix display.

A TFT LCD has a liquid crystal layer between a glass substrate formed with TFTs and transparent pixel electrodes and another glass substrate with a color filter (RGB) and transparent counter electrodes. Each pixel in an active matrix is paired with a transistor that includes capacitor which gives each sub-pixel the ability to retain its charge, instead of requiring an electrical charge sent each time it needed to be changed. This means that TFT LCD displays are more responsive.

To understand how TFT LCD works, we first need to grasp the concept of field-effect transistor (FET). FET is a type of transistor which uses electric field to control the flow of electrical current. It is a component with three terminals: source, gate, and drain. FETs control the flow of current by the application of a voltage to the gate, which in turn alters the conductivity between the drain and source.

Using FET, we can build a circuit as below. Data Bus sends signal to FET Source, when SEL SIGNAL applies voltage to the Gate, driving voltage is then created on TFT LCD panel. A sub-pixel will be lit up. A TFT LCD display contains thousand or million of such driving circuits.

Topway started TFT LCD manufacturing more than15 years ago. We produce color TFT LCD display from 1.8 to 15+ inches with different resolutions and interfaces. Here is some more readings about how to choose the right TFT LCD.

In recent time, China domestic companies like BOE have overtaken LCD manufacturers from Korea and Japan. For the first three quarters of 2020, China LCD companies shipped 97.01 million square meters TFT LCD. And China"s LCD display manufacturers expect to grab 70% global LCD panel shipments very soon.

BOE started LCD manufacturing in 1994, and has grown into the largest LCD manufacturers in the world. Who has the 1st generation 10.5 TFT LCD production line. BOE"s LCD products are widely used in areas like TV, monitor, mobile phone, laptop computer etc.

TianMa Microelectronics is a professional LCD and LCM manufacturer. The company owns generation 4.5 TFT LCD production lines, mainly focuses on making medium to small size LCD product. TianMa works on consult, design and manufacturing of LCD display. Its LCDs are used in medical, instrument, telecommunication and auto industries.

TCL CSOT (TCL China Star Optoelectronics Technology Co., Ltd), established in November, 2009. TCL has six LCD panel production lines commissioned, providing panels and modules for TV and mobile products. The products range from large, small & medium display panel and touch modules.

Established in 1996, Topway is a high-tech enterprise specializing in the design and manufacturing of industrial LCD module. Topway"s TFT LCD displays are known worldwide for their flexible use, reliable quality and reliable support. More than 20 years expertise coupled with longevity of LCD modules make Topway a trustworthy partner for decades. CMRC (market research institution belonged to Statistics China before) named Topway one of the top 10 LCD manufactures in China.

Founded in 2006, K&D Technology makes TFT-LCM, touch screen, finger print recognition and backlight. Its products are used in smart phone, tablet computer, laptop computer and so on.

The Company engages in the R&D, manufacturing, and sale of LCD panels. It offers LCD panels for notebook computers, desktop computer monitors, LCD TV sets, vehicle-mounted IPC, consumer electronics products, mobile devices, tablet PCs, desktop PCs, and industrial displays.

Dr Pan: Hello, Greg. TFT LCD module is one of the best LCD technology. We can simply consider it as TFT+LCD+LED backlight, and monochrome LCD module consists of LCD+LED backlight. An image on an LCD we can see is composed of pixels. TFT is the abbreviation for thin film transistor and it controls the R, G, B colors of each pixel respectively on the surface of LCD.

TFT LCD is a high standard product and it is not well customized as monochrome LCD. But still, it has a variety of options to meet the customers’ requirements.The sizes range from 1.44 inch to 130.0 inch;

If you’re designing a display application or deciding what type of TV to get, you’ll probably have to choose between an OLED or LCD as your display type.

LCDs utilize liquid crystals that produce an image when light is passed through the display. OLED displays generate images by applying electricity to organic materials inside the display.OLED and LCD Main Difference:

graphics and images visible. This is the reason you’re still able to see light coming through on images that are meant to be dark on an LCD monitor, display, or television.

OLEDs by comparison, deliver a drastically higher contrast by dynamically managing their individual pixels. When an image on an OLED display uses the color black, the pixel shuts off completely and renders a much higher contrast than that of LCDs.OLED vs LCD - Who is better at contrast?

Having a high brightness level is important if your display is going to be used in direct sunlight or somewhere with high ambient brightness. The display"s brightness level isn"t as important if it’s going to be used indoors or in a low light setting.OLED vs LCD - Who is better at Brightness?

This means the display is much thinner than LCD displays and their pixels are much closer to the surface of the display, giving them an inherently wider viewing angle.

You’ll often notice images becoming distorted or losing their colors when tilting an LCD or when you view it from different angles. However, many LCDs now include technology to compensate for this – specifically In-Plane Switching (IPS).

LCDs with IPS are significantly brighter than standard LCDs and offer viewing angles that are on-par with OLEDs.OLED vs LCD - Who is better at Viewing Angles?

LCDs have been on the market much longer than OLEDs, so there is more data to support their longevity. On average LCDs have proven to perform for around 60,000 hours (2,500) days of operation.

With most LCDs you can expect about 7 years of consistent performance. Some dimming of the backlight has been observed but it is not significant to the quality of the display.

So depending on how your OLED is used, this can greatly affect its lifespan. An OLED being used to show static images for long periods of time will not have the same longevity as one displaying dynamic, constantly moving images.OLED vs LCD - Which one last longer?

There is not yet a clear winner when it comes to lifespans between LCD and OLED displays. Each have their advantages depending on their use-cases. It’s a tie!

In this article, you will learn how to use TFT LCDs by Arduino boards. From basic commands to professional designs and technics are all explained here.

There are several components to achieve this. LEDs,  7-segments, Character and Graphic displays, and full-color TFT LCDs. The right component for your projects depends on the amount of data to be displayed, type of user interaction, and processor capacity.

TFT LCD is a variant of a liquid-crystal display (LCD) that uses thin-film-transistor (TFT) technology to improve image qualities such as addressability and contrast. A TFT LCD is an active matrix LCD, in contrast to passive matrix LCDs or simple, direct-driven LCDs with a few segments.

In Arduino-based projects, the processor frequency is low. So it is not possible to display complex, high definition images and high-speed motions. Therefore, full-color TFT LCDs can only be used to display simple data and commands.

There are several components to achieve this. LEDs,  7-segments, Character and Graphic displays, and full-color TFT LCDs. The right component for your projects depends on the amount of data to be displayed, type of user interaction, and processor capacity.

TFT LCD is a variant of a liquid-crystal display (LCD) that uses thin-film-transistor (TFT) technology to improve image qualities such as addressability and contrast. A TFT LCD is an active matrix LCD, in contrast to passive matrix LCDs or simple, direct-driven LCDs with a few segments.

In Arduino-based projects, the processor frequency is low. So it is not possible to display complex, high definition images and high-speed motions. Therefore, full-color TFT LCDs can only be used to display simple data and commands.

In electronics/computer hardware a display driver is usually a semiconductor integrated circuit (but may alternatively comprise a state machine made of discrete logic and other components) which provides an interface function between a microprocessor, microcontroller, ASIC or general-purpose peripheral interface and a particular type of display device, e.g. LCD, LED, OLED, ePaper, CRT, Vacuum fluorescent or Nixie.

The LCDs manufacturers use different drivers in their products. Some of them are more popular and some of them are very unknown. To run your display easily, you should use Arduino LCDs libraries and add them to your code. Otherwise running the display may be very difficult. There are many free libraries you can find on the internet but the important point about the libraries is their compatibility with the LCD’s driver. The driver of your LCD must be known by your library. In this article, we use the Adafruit GFX library and MCUFRIEND KBV library and example codes. You can download them from the following links.

Upload your image and download the converted file that the UTFT libraries can process. Now copy the hex code to Arduino IDE. x and y are locations of the image. sx and sy are size of the image.

while (a < b) { Serial.println(a); j = 80 * (sin(PI * a / 2000)); i = 80 * (cos(PI * a / 2000)); j2 = 50 * (sin(PI * a / 2000)); i2 = 50 * (cos(PI * a / 2000)); tft.drawLine(i2 + 235, j2 + 169, i + 235, j + 169, tft.color565(0, 255, 255)); tft.fillRect(200, 153, 75, 33, 0x0000); tft.setTextSize(3); tft.setTextColor(0xffff); if ((a/20)>99)

while (b < a) { j = 80 * (sin(PI * a / 2000)); i = 80 * (cos(PI * a / 2000)); j2 = 50 * (sin(PI * a / 2000)); i2 = 50 * (cos(PI * a / 2000)); tft.drawLine(i2 + 235, j2 + 169, i + 235, j + 169, tft.color565(0, 0, 0)); tft.fillRect(200, 153, 75, 33, 0x0000); tft.setTextSize(3); tft.setTextColor(0xffff); if ((a/20)>99)

I"m yet another complete newbie to the Arduino and to too many of the things involved here, finding myself lost trying to make the various libraries work with a 2.4" LCD mounted on a shield that names mcufriend.com. My particular shield is for Arduino Uno R3.

When running graphicstest, I get the serial output identifying the chip as 154, along with all the test output, but nothing happens on the lcd. I"m hoping that the code already exists to deal with 154 (as volsoft appears to have identified), but when I try to run the various libraries that everyone posts, I find that they will not compile, and when I run libraries that work with my Arduino 1.6.0 IDE environment, they don"t appear to handle the 154.

TFT is a kind of material of liquid crystal screen, Thin film Transistor, a thin film transistor liquid crystal screen, in addition to TFT, UFB and STN materials, etc., but like mobile phone, notebook computer, PDA, digital cameras and other commonly used is TFT, some older mobile phone screen may be used STN screen.

(Thin Film Transistor) refers to a liquid crystal display on which each liquid crystal pixel is driven by a thin film transistor integrated behind it. Thus, high speed, high brightness and high contrast display screen information can be achieved. The TFT belongs to the active matrix liquid crystal display.

Added: TFT (ThinFilmTransistor) refers to a thin film transistor, which means each liquid crystal pixel is composed of an integrated thin film transistor in the pixel back to drive, which can achieve high speed, high brightness and high contrast display screen information, LCD is the best one of the color display device, the effect is close to the CRT display. Now the mainstream notebook computer and desktop display equipment. Each pixel of TFT is controlled by TFT integrated with itself, which is the active pixel. Therefore, not only the speed can be greatly improved, but also the contrast and brightness have been greatly improved, and the resolution has also reached a high level.

TFT (Thin Film Transistor)screen, it is currently widely used in high-end mobile phone screen, 65536 color and 260 thousand color, 16 million color three, the display is very good.

Unlike the TN technology, the TFT display uses the "back" mode of illumination - the hypothetical light path, not from top to bottom like the TN LCD, but from the bottom up. In this way, a special light tube is arranged on the back of the liquid crystal, and the light source is illuminated upwards through the lower polarizing plate. The electrode under dissection into the FET electrode and the common electrode, the FET electrode is conducted, the performance of the liquid crystal molecules will change, can be light and shading to achieve the purpose of the show, the response time greatly increased to about 80ms. Because of its higher than TN-LCD contrast and more colorful, faster screen refresh rate, the TFT called "true color".

Compared with DSTN, the main feature of TFT-LCD is to configure a semiconductor switching device for each pixel. Because each pixel can be directly controlled by point pulse. As a result, each node is relatively independent and can be continuously controlled. This design method not only improves the reaction speed of the display screen, but also controls the display gray level accurately. This is why the TFT color is more realistic than the DSTN.

At present, the majority of notebook computer manufacturer"s product uses TFT-LCD. Early TFT-LCD was mainly used for the manufacture of notebook computers. Although TFT had a huge advantage over DSTN at that time, for technical reasons, TFT-LCD had a big gap in response time, brightness, and viewing angle compared to traditional CRT displays. Coupled with a very low yield, resulting in its high prices, desktop TFT-LCD become unattainable.

However, with the continuous development of technology, the yield increasing, the emergence of some new technology and makes TFT-LCD have made great progress in the response time, contrast, brightness, viewing angle, and narrow the gap between the traditional CRT display gap. Today, the response time of most mainstream LCD monitors is below 50ms, which paves the way for LCD to mainstream.

LCD application market should be said to have great potential. But in terms of production capacity of LCD panels, the world"s LCD is mainly concentrated in China, Taiwan, Korea and Japan, the three major production bases. Asia is the LCD panel research and development and manufacturing center, and Taiwan, Japan, Korea, the three major sources of development are different.

The development of science and technology change rapidly, display technology has produced a revolution, especially since 90s, with the rapid growth of technology breakthrough and the market demand, so that the liquid crystal display (LCD) panel display (FPD) as the representative of the rapid rise of technology. According to Stanford forecasts, FPD market growing at an annual rate of 16.2%, 2000 FPD and CRT industry has reached 30 billion U.S. dollars, CRT average annual growth rate of less than 6.3%, the average growth rate is much lower than that of FED, and the FPD growth rate continues to improve, continue to decline in CRT, instead of the trend is very clear, can be said that the flat-panel display will become the mainstream display technology in twenty-first Century, the industry and the market in the continuous expansion.

The plasma light emitting display is formed by plasma discharge excited luminescence material cavity of the vacuum discharge chamber of small, low power consumption and high luminous effect is its disadvantages (only 1.2lm/W, while the luminous efficiency is more than 80lm/W, with the lamp of 6 watts per square inch display area), but in the 102 ~ 152cm diagonal large screen display has the strong competitive advantages in the field. Industry expert analysis, CRT, LCD and digital micro mirror (DMD) 3 projection display with PDP competition, from the current large screen TV market, CRT TV prices cheaper than the PDP, PDP is the most powerful competitors, but the brightness and clarity as PDP, LCD and DMD projection of the pixel and the current price also the lack of competitive advantage. Although PDP in color image quality, display area and capacity etc. has been significantly improved, but its luminous efficiency, brightness, contrast is not up to the intuitive color TV, the most important is the price is not accepted by the majority of domestic consumers, which to a certain extent, restricted the color PDP market development. At present, the application of public media has begun to become popular.

Thin film electroluminescent materials provide true paper - like thin displays. Organic thin film electroluminescent true, light and thin, low power, wide viewing angle, high response speed (sub subtle) solid flat panel display. The cost of large-scale industrial production is very low and the service life is only a few thousand hours. OLED will be the primary competitor for TFT-LCD in the foreseeable future, but it is still in the stage of research and manufacture.

The liquid crystal display panel, especially TFT-LCD, is currently the only and display more than CRT fully catch up with the comprehensive performance of brightness, contrast, power, life, size and weight, its excellent performance, large-scale production of good properties, high degree of automation, raw materials, low cost, broad space for development, will become the mainstream the product of the new century, is one of the highlights of the twenty-first Century global economic growth.

In the fierce competition of many flat-panel displays, why TFT-LCD can stand out as a new generation of mainstream display, is by no means accidental, is the inevitable trend of human technology development and thinking mode development. The liquid crystal has avoided the difficult luminescence problem, and has used the liquid crystal as the light valve"s excellent characteristic to decompose the light emitting display device into two parts, namely, the light source and the control of the light source. As a light source, brilliant achievements have been achieved, no matter luminous efficiency, full color, or life span, and are still deepening. Since the invention of LCD, the backlight has been continuously improved from monochrome to color, from thick to thin, from side fluorescent to flat panel fluorescent. The latest results in the light source will provide the LCD with a new backlight. With the development of light source technology, newer and better light sources will appear and be applied to LCD. The rest is to source control, the semiconductor integrated circuits technology and technology transfer over the development of thin film transistor (TFT) process, the successful realization of the matrix addressing liquid crystal light valve control, solve the light valve and controller of the liquid crystal display with LCD display, so that the advantages can be achieved

(1) how the work of TFT TFT is "Thin Film Transistor" referred to in general refers to the film liquid crystal display, which actually refers to the thin film transistor (matrix) - can be "active control" of the individual pixels on the screen, which is also called TFT (active matrix TFT active matrix). So how did the image come about? The basic principle is simple: the display is made up of many pixels that can emit arbitrary colors of light, so long as you control each pixel to display the corresponding color, you can achieve your goal. In the TFT LCD backlight technology commonly used, in order to accurately control every pixel color and brightness will need to install a similar shutter switch after each pixel, when the shutters open time line through, and "blinds" closed after the light was unable to through. Of course, technically, it"s actually not as simple as it was. LCD (Liquid, Crystal, Display) is the use of liquid crystal characteristics (when heated as liquid, cooling crystallization as a solid state), general liquid crystal has three forms:

The most commonly used TFT TFT TFT (Twisted Nematic LCD) is the most common one, and the diagram below illustrates the working principle of this type of display. The existing technology is very different and will be described in detail in the second part of this article.

The upper and lower two layers are provided with grooves, wherein, the grooves on the upper layer are arranged in a longitudinal direction, while the lower layers are arranged transversely. The lower layers are arranged crosswise. When not in a natural state after the voltage of liquid crystal, light emitting from figure 2A twisted nematic TFT display principle schematic layer over the divergent light through dissection occurred in 90 degree twist, which can smoothly through the lower.

Color filters are divided into three colors: red, green and blue. They are arranged on a glass substrate, forming a set (dot, pitch) corresponding to one pixel, and each monochromatic filter is called a sub-pixel. That is, if a TFT display supports a maximum of 1280 * 1024 resolution, then at least 1280 x 3 x 1024 sub pixels and transistors are needed. For a 15 inch TFT display (1024 x 768) then a pixel is about 0.0188 inches (equivalent to 0.30mm), for a 18.1 inch TFT display part (1280 * 1024), is 0.011 inches (equivalent to 0.28mm)

As you know, pixels are decisive to the display, and the smaller each pixel, the greater the resolution that the monitor can reach. However, due to the physical limitations of transistors, the size of each pixel in the TFT is currently 0.0117 inches (0.297mm), so for a 15 inch monitor, the resolution is only 1280 * 1024

(1) TFT technology is developed in 1990s, large-scale use of new materials and new technology of semiconductor integrated circuit manufacturing technology, liquid crystal (LC), inorganic and organic thin film electroluminescent (EL and OEL) based flat panel display. TFT is in a glass or plastic substrate, such as non single chip (also in wafer) by sputtering, creating a chemical deposition process necessary for the production of large-scale film circuit, semiconductor integrated circuit processing through the membrane (LSIC). Using non single crystal substrate can greatly reduce the cost, and is the extension of traditional large-scale integrated circuit to large area, multi-function and low cost. It is more difficult to manufacture TFT on a large area of glass or plastic substrate for controlling the switching performance of IC (LC or OLED) than on silicon wafer. Requirements for the production environment (degree of purification is 100), yes

(1): a large area at the beginning of 90s the first generation of large area glass substrate (300mm * 400mm) TFT-LCD production line, the first half of 2000 glass substrate area has been expanded to 680mm * 880mm), recently 950mm * 1200mm glass substrate will be put into operation. In principle, there is no area limit.

(2) high integration: the 1.3 inch TFT chip for LCD projection has a resolution of XGA and contains millions of pixels. SXGA resolution (1280 x 1024) non crystal silicon 16.1 inch TFT array film thickness is only 50nm, TAB, ON GLASS and SYSTEM ON GLASS technology, the IC integration of equipment and supply technical requirements, technical difficulties are more than the traditional LSI.

(3) powerful: TFT was used as the matrix location circuit as early as possible to improve the light valve characteristics of liquid crystals. For high resolution displays, precise control of the object elements is achieved by voltage regulation in the 0-6V range (typically 0.2 to 4V), making it possible for LCD to achieve high quality, high resolution display. TFT-LCD is the first flat panel display in human history to display quality over CRT. Now, people are starting to integrate drive IC onto the glass substrate, and the whole TFT will be more powerful, which is incomparable to the traditional large-scale semiconductor integrated circuit.

(6) a wide application field, LCD flat panel display based on TFT technology is the pillar industry in the information society, the technology also can be applied to an organic thin film transistor is rapidly growing in the photoluminescence (TFT-OLED) flat panel display is in rapid growth.

With the maturity of TFT technology in the early 90s, the color LCD panel display developed rapidly. In less than 10 years, TFT-LCD has grown rapidly into the mainstream display, which is inseparable from its advantages. The main features are:

1) the use of good characteristics: low voltage, low driving voltage, solid use safety and reliability is improved; flat, and thin, save a lot of raw materials and the use of space; low power consumption, the power consumption is about 1/10 CRT display, reflecting TFT-LCD even only about one percent of CRT, saving a lot of energy; TFT-LCD products and specifications, size series, variety, flexible and easy to use, maintenance, update, easy to upgrade, long service life and many other features. The display range covers the range of applications from 1 inches to 40 inches, and the projection of large planes is a full-size display terminal From the most simple monochromatic character graphics to high resolution, high color fidelity, high brightness, high contrast, high response speed of the video display of various specifications; display has a direct type of projection type, perspective, also reflection type.

(2) environmental protection is good: no radiation, no flicker, no harm to the health of users. Especially the emergence of TFT-LCD electronic books and periodicals will bring human beings into the paperless office and paperless printing era, triggering a revolution in human learning, dissemination and recording of civilized ways.

(3) the range of application is wide, and can be used normally in the temperature range from -20 DEG C to +50 DEG C, and the low temperature working temperature of TFT-LCD can reach 80 degrees below zero after being treated with temperature. The utility model can be used as a mobile terminal display, a desktop terminal display, and a large screen projection television, and is a good performance full size video display terminal.

(4) the automation of manufacturing technology is high, and the characteristics of large-scale industrial production are good. TFT-LCD industry mature technology, mass production rate of more than 90%.

(5) TFT-LCD is easy to integrate and update. It is the perfect combination of large-scale semiconductor integrated circuit technology and light source technology, and continues to have great potential for development. At present, there are amorphous, polycrystalline and monocrystalline silicon TFT-LCD, there will be other materials in the future TFT, both glass substrate and plastic substrate.