lcd module 16x2 datasheet for sale
ERMC1602SBS-2 is 16 characters wide,2 rows character lcd module,SPLC780C controller (Industry-standard HD44780 compatible controller),6800 4/8-bit parallel interface,single led backlight with white color included can be dimmed easily with a resistor or PWM,stn- blue lcd negative,white text on the blue color,wide operating temperature range,rohs compliant,built in character set supports English/Japanese text, see the SPLC780C datasheet for the full character set. It"s optional for pin header connection,5V or 3.3V power supply and I2C adapter board for arduino.
Of course, we wouldn"t just leave you with a datasheet and a "good luck!".For 8051 microcontroller user,we prepared the detailed tutorial such as interfacing, demo code and Development Kit at the bottom of this page.
The 16x2 Alphanumeric LCD Display Module is equally popular among hobbyists and professionals for its affordable price and easy to use nature. As the name suggests the 16x2 Alphanumeric LCD can show 16 Columns and 2 Rows therefore a total of (16x2) 32 characters can be displayed. Each character can either be an alphabet or number or even a custom character. This particular LCD gas a green backlight, you can also get a Blue Backlight LCD to make your projects stand our and visually appealing, apart from the backlight color both the LCD have the same specifications hence they can share the same circuit and code. If your projects require more characters to be displayed you can check the 20x4 Graphical LCD which has 20 Columns and 4 Rows and hence can display up to 80 characters.
The 16x2 LCD pinout diagram is shown below. As you can see the module has (from right) two power pins Vss and Vcc to power the LCD. Typically Vss should be connected to ground and Vcc to 5V, but the LCD can also operate from voltage between 4.7V to 5.3V. Next, we have the control pins namely Contrast (VEE), Register Select (RS), Read/Write (R/W) and Enable (E). The Contrast pin is used to set the contrast (visibility) of the characters, normally it is connected to a 10k potentiometer so that the contrast can be adjusted. The Read/Write pin will be grounded in most cases because we will only be writing characters to the LCD and not read anything from it. The Register Select (RS) and Enable pin (E) pin are the control pins of the LCD and will be connected to the digital pins GPIO pins of the microcontroller. These pins are used to instruct the LCD where place a character when to clear it etc.
From DB0 to DB7 we have our eight Data Pins which are used to send information about the characters that have to be displayed on the LCD. The LCD can operate in two different modes, in the 4-bit Modeonly pins DB4 to DB7 will be used and the pins DB0 to DB3 will be left idle. In 8-bit Mode, all the eight-pin DB0 to DB7 will be used. Most commonly the 4-bit mode is preferred since it uses only 4 Data pins and thus reduces complexity and GPIO pin requirement on the microcontroller.Finally, we have the LED+ and LED- pins which are used to power the backlight LED inside our Display module. Normally the LED+ pin is connected to 5V power through a 100 ohm current limiting resistor and the LED- pin is connected to Ground.
This 2×16 character LCD Module with BLUE Backlight uses an I2C interface to communicate with the host microcontroller. This budget-conscious LCD is used on projects requiring the display of text, data, or ASCII characters of all types. Connect to Vcc, Gnd, SDA (serial data line), and SCL (serial clock line). This is a 5VDC device and will be found on the I2C bus at address 0x27 / 0x3F.
RC1602C is a 16x2 character type LCD display with module dimension 85.0 x 36.0 mm. This monochrome display LCD 16x2 has built-in IC ST7066. Default interface of RC1601A module is 6800; if you require interface such as SPI or I2C, they’re available as well, but the IC will be replaced with RW1063.
Raystar provides various LED backlight combinations for RC1602C 16 character x 2 lines LCD display module, such as yellow-green, green and white. You can choose module with LED backlight or without it.
This RC1602C display LCD 16x2 offers a selection of fonts, including English/Japanese, Europe and Cyrillic (Russian), etc. Feel free to contact us if you need full datasheet or more info of this display lcd 16x2.
The Displaytech 162G series is a lineup of 16x2 character LCD modules. These modules have an 80x36 mm outer dimension with 66x16 mm viewing area on the display. The 162G 16x2 LCD displays are available in STN or FSTN LCD modes with or without an LED backlight. The backlight color options include yellow green, white, blue, pure green, or amber color. Get a free quote direct from Displaytech for a 16x2 character LCD display from the 162G series.
The 162D is one of our 16 character x 2 row chip on board (COB) alphanumeric displays. These classic 16x2 LCD modules are available in a multitude of LCD and LED backlight color combinations to achieve the perfect look for your product. Some of our most popular combinations are STN yellow-green LCD with yellow-green LED backlight, STN blue LCD with white LED backlight, and STN grey LCD with either blue, amber or pure green LED backlight.
Abstract: 16x2 lcd HD44780 hitachi 16x2 lcd LCD ASCII CODE 16x2 LCD ASCII table CODE 16x2 HD44780 16x2 16x2 lcd HD44780 16x1 LCD command lcd display 16x2 LCD display module 16x2 HD44780
Text: character LCD display that is fitted with a Hitachi HD44780 controller. This 16x2 character LCD uses the , characters displayed per line characterize LCDs into 16x2 , 40x2, and 40x4 dimensions. An LCD requires a , eZ80Acclaim! MCU is a 16x2 character LCD controlled by the HD44780 controller by Hitachi. It features the , Related DDRAM Address for a 16x2 LCD Character Generator ROM Busy Flag The LCD Module"s HD44780, Arrangement Character LCD eZ80Acclaim! ® E RS RW D4 - D7 GPIO 1 GPIO 2 GPIO 3 4- bit
Text: Optrex Numbering System DOT MATRIX Type LCD Modules DMC 50000 N Y H U S E B 1 Standard Pin Connections Pin No. Symbol Pin No. OPTREX CORPORATION HIGH CONTRAST LCD MODULE FEATURES: · Interface with 8- bit or 4- bit MPU is available. · 192 kinds of characters, numerals, symbols and , 7 1 Symbol 14 DB7 1. Type of Display: 2. Development Number: 3. LCD TYPE: 4 , . W x H (mm) (°C) - - - - - - - - - - - - 16x1 16x1 16x1 16x2 16x2
Text: SDRAM/mSDRAM NAND NOR/ROM NOR /ROM NAND LCD I/F 10- bit ADC x 8 Mono/Color/Gray STN LCD I/F, IIS, 10- bit ADC x 8 TFT/STN(65K) LCD I/F, Touch Screen(ADC), IIS NOR/ROM NAND OneNAND TFT , Interrupt Timer/ (Int/Ext) Counter Serial Interface LCD (Seg/Com) ADC PWM(1) ( Bit x Ch , Interface LCD (Seg/Com) ADC ( Bit x Ch) PWM(1) (BitxCh) Max. OSC. Freq. Vdd (V) OTP or , / I/O Pins (Int/Ext) Counter Serial Interface LCD (Seg/Com) ADC ( Bit x Ch) PWM(1
Text: (LINx3),IICx2,SPIx2 28/8 (32/4) 12x10 - 16x2 OP-ampx3,10- bit DACx1, 40MHz 1.8~5.5 -40 , 28/8 (32/4) 12x10 - 16x2 OP-ampx3,10- bit DACx1, 40MHz 1.8~5.5 -40 ~ 85 LDMAx6,LVR,LVD , ) 12x10 - 16x2 OP-ampx3,10- bit DACx1, 40MHz 1.8~5.5 -40 ~ 85 LDMAx6,LVR,LVD,SWD debug , ,SPIx2 28/8 (32/4) 12x10 - 16x2 OP-ampx3,10- bit DACx1, 40MHz 1.8~5.5 -40 ~ 85 LDMAx6,LVR , Dec. 2009 MCU/EEPROM Selection Guide - Samsung MCU Product Line-up - 4- bit Microcontroller -
Abstract: lcd 16x2 instruction set 24 pin diagram of lcd display 16x2 16X2 LCD TIMING CHARACTERISTICS 16x4 LCD ddram STN negative Blue 16X2 lcd display TC162F 16 pin diagram of lcd display 16x1 16X4 LCD CHARACTER CODE Okaya Electric Industries
Text: MPU -» LCD Module â 1": Read MPU «- LCD Module E I Operation start signal for data read or write , transfer between the MPU and the module These four are not used furing 4- bit operation. DB4 thru DB7 I/O , and the module. DB7 can be used as a BUSY flag. NOTE: In the module, the data can be sent in either 4- bit 2-sequence operation or 8- bit single-operation so that it can interface to both 4 and 8- bit MPU"s NORMAL TEMP (+5VDC) WIDE TEMP (±SVDC) LCD v Module O vDD-VO VR 10KQ - 20KQ VDD LCD v Module SS vO
Abstract: TC202A HEADER RT TC162C 16x1 LC display 16X2 LCD TIMING CHARACTERISTICS 16X2 LCD CHARACTER CODE 24 pin diagram of lcd display 16x2 lcd display 16x2 instruction set Okaya lcd
Text: Name I/O Power Supply Requirements Function V DD-VO LCD v V s s V o c V o RS R/W E DBO thru , MPU LCD Module "1": Read MPU LCD Module Operation start signal for data read or write Data Bus of , module These four are not used furing 4- bit operation. Data bus of higher order 4 lines having , . 1 1 1 I/O I/O WIDE TEMP (±5VDC) In the module, the data can be sent in either 4- bit 2-sequence operation or 8- bit single-operation so that it can interface to both 4 and 8- bit MPU"s Absolute Maximum
Abstract: 16X2 LCD rohs 24 pin diagram of lcd display 16x2 pin diagram of serial lcd display 16x2 lm1117 3.3V pin architecture of lcd display 16x2 display 16x2 i2c 16x2 display 14 pin diagram of lcd display 16x2 usb/doc lcd 16x2 14 pin
Text: INTRODUCTION ADuC-MT7020 is small terminal board with USB link for PC, two buttons, LCD 16x2 with backlight , (bootloader enable) button Two buttons LCD 16x2 display with BACKLIGHT 32 768 Hz , . BOARD FEATURES MCU: ADuC7020 - ARM7TDMI Core, 16/32- bit RISC architecture, 5 Channels 12- bit , 1MSPS ADC, Differential and single-ended modes, 0 to Vref Analog Input Range, 4 Outputs 12- bit Voltage , FEATURES ADuC-MT7020 board use fully integrated, 1 MSPS, 12- bit data acquisition systems incorporating a
Text: Series Available interfaces CU22042-Y1A 22x4 characters in 16x2 LCD footprint. 8 bit parallel , 16x2 32 25 50 20 x 2 LCD footprint Brightness comparison (Cd/m2) CU20027-YX1A, Y SERIES RoHS compliant http://www.noritake-elec.com/y-series.htm 16 x 2 LCD footprint , number comparison CU24043-Y1A 96 20x2 20 x 4 LCD footprint CU24063-Y1A / Y100 40 25 50 , interface Data CU20027-YX1A 20x2 LCD footprint and brightest Vacuum Fluorescent Display (VFD) module
Text: -CEC1MAL PRECISION REV. A PART NUMBER LCM-H01 602DWF/CB2 16x2 CHARACTERS LCD MODULE, FSTN , \ 16x2 . 1/16 DUTY, 1/5 BIAS DB ( db a e -R/W-RS-Vss - VDD -VD- A-K- LCD CONTROLLER LSI & DRIVER , PRKI9I!N MAX, I _ +Q.OD " -CFOMAL PRECISION REV. A PART NUMBER LCM-H01 602DWF/CB2 16x2 CHARACTERS LCD , . SYMBOL LEVEL FUNCTION 1 % - POWER SUPPLY 5V 2 Vss - GND <0V) 3 Vo - FOR LCD DRIVE 4- RS H/L , WRITE (MODULEL ENABLE 7-14 DBU~DB7 H/L DATA BUS-SOFTWARE SELECTABLE 4 OR B BIT
Text: REV. A PART NUMBER LCM-H01 602DWF/C-1 B 16x2 CHARACTERS LCD MODULE, TOP VIEW, FSTN, TRANSFLECTIVE , DIAGRAM\ 16x2 . 1/16 DUTY, 1/5 BIAS DB 7 s DB â¡ E -R/W -RS -Vss-VDD -Vo- c5 A-K- LCD CONTROLLER LS , 602DWF/C-1 B 16x2 CHARACTERS LCD MODULE. TOP VIEW. FSTN, TRAN5FLECTIVE, ONE CHIP BLUE LED BACKLIGHT, 1 , . SYMBOL LEVEL FUNCTION 1 % - POWER SUPPLY 5V 2 Vss - GND (OV) 3 Vo - FOR LCD DRIVE 4 RS H/L , WRITE (MODULEL ENABLE 7~14 DBQ~DB7 H/L DATA BUS-SOFTWARE SELECTABLE 4 OR B BIT
Abstract: LCD display module 16x2 characters HD44780 16x2 lcd HD44780 hitachi 16x2 lcd datasheet hitachi 16x2 lcd lcd 16x2 instruction set HD44780 16x2 LCD ASCII CODE 16x2 16X2 LCD CHARACTER CODE LCD ASCII table CODE 16x2
Text: . . . . . 7 Flowchart-Initializing the HD44780 Controller on the 16x2 LCD Module . . . . . . . . , x 2 character LCD display. This 16 x 2 character LCD uses the industry-standard 4- bit data transfer , . The LCD interface described in this Application Note utilizes a 4- bit data bus to communicate with , ) on the Character LCD Module stores the data to be displayed and is represented by 8- bit ASCII , . Character LCD Z8 Encore!® E RS RW D4D7 GPIO 1 GPIO 2 GPIO 3 4- bit bidirectional Data
Text: 602DWF/C-B 16x2 CHARACTERS LCD MODULE, FSTN, TRANSFLECTIVE, ONE CHIP BLUE LED BACKLIGHT, 1/16 DUTY, 1/5 , precision REV. A PART NUMBER LCM-H01 602DWF/C-B 16x2 CHARACTERS LCD MODULE, FSTN, TRANSFLECTIVE, ONE , 2 Vss - gnd <0v) 3 vo - for lcd drive 4- rs h/l register select signal hr data input l , 7-14 dbu~db7 h/l data bus-software selectable 4 or b bit mode. a anode led backught k - cathode led backught Vdq-VO: LCD DRIVING VOLTAGE VR: I BKfl, â20K O ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS \ VDD
Text: LCM-E01 602DSR 5.56 CHARACTER HEIGHT. 16x2 CHARACTERS. LCD MODULE. 5 x B DOT MATRIX, SERIAL INPUT, STN , . D PART NUMBER LCM-E01 602DSR 5.56 CHARACTER HEIGHT, 16x2 CHARACTERS, LCD MODULE, 5 x B DOT MATRIX , . D PART NUMBER LCM-E01 602DSR 5.56 CHARACTER HEIGHT, 16x2 CHARACTERS, LCD MODULE. 5 x B DOT MATRIX , 3.3V 3 RXD 1 5ERIAL DATA 4-11 PI .0â1.7 I/O 6- BIT BIDIRECTIONAL I/O PORT 12-17 P3.1-3,5,3,7 I/o , SUPPLY VOLTAGE FOR LCD DRIVE Vo Ta=2!fC - O.B - V AT89C2051-12SI CONTROLLER RS R/W DB0~DB7 ICL7660
Abstract: PC1602-v PC1602V VGG804805-6UFLWA 7 inch 800x480 LCD panel PG12864-F NL160120BC27-14 S6B0108B NL10276BC13-01C lcd touchscreen elo inverter board
Text: integral part of our life. Just about every man-machine interface can be achieved with an LCD . Arrow , you with all these technologies and not just from a component level. · · Custom LCD Panels & , · · · · TFT Controller Boards LCD Display Switches · LCD Touch Monitors · LCD Chassis Monitors · · · LCD Open Frame Monitors · · · Touchscreens · , 15 Crystal Clear Technology (CCT) 16 17 Evervision 18 Arrow Support Custom LCD
Text: 30x4 FX-25DU-E yes yes yes yes yes yes 65 151x85x89 LCD Yellow/Red 10x4 MAC50 yes yes yes yes yes yes yes 65 190x175x50 LCD /VF 20x4 MAC40+ yes yes yes 65 150x170x33 LCD 16x2 MAC 12 yes yes yes yes 65 96x72x36 LCD 16x2 MAC10 yes yes yes 65 96x72x36 LCD 16x1 FX-20DU-E yes 54 120x174x44 tLED , allow the operator to obtain exact process information - either in Bit or Data format. Little or no , Colour LCD 40x MAC E710 yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes 65 212x198x87 Colour LCD 40x MAC 90 yes
Abstract: 16X2 LCD DISPLAY IEC1107 IEC-1107 transformer protection based microcontroller Digital Frequency Meter with LCD Display display 16x2 SALEM 16X2 LCD trivector meter
Text: accuracy of the time maintained by the meter. A 16x2 LCD display along with two external buttons enables , computed parameters along with the parameter index are displayed by the micro-controller on a 16x2 LCD , 12bit ADC with delay equalization on sampled data in software · Measurements displayed on a 16x2 LCD display and stored in Flash memory · True RMS measurement of all phase voltages and line , performs data management and peripheral control. · Harmonic Analysis optional LCD DISPLAY LCD
Text: sales@p-tec.net Tel: Fax: (719) 589 3122 (719) 589 3592 PC1602A-L( 16x2 ) Character LCD Display , ( 16x2 ) Character LCD Display Absolute Maximum Ratings at TA = 25 °C Features *16 Character, 2 Line , sales@p-tec.net Tel: Fax: (719) 589 3122 (719) 589 3592 PC1602B-L( 16x2 ) Character LCD Display , PC1602C-L( 16x2 ) Character LCD Display Absolute Maximum Ratings at TA = 25 °C Features *16 Character, 2 , ( 16x2 ) Character LCD Display 80.0± 0.5 2.5 8.0 2.54x15=38.1 1.8 16-Ø1.0 2.0 4-Ø2.5 8.8
Text: . PART NUMBER LCM âS01 602DSRA2229 5.56mm CHARACTER HEIGHT, 5 x 8 DOT MATRIX, 16x2 LCD MODULE, 1/16 , LCM âSOI 602DSRA2229 5.56mm CHARACTER HEIGHT, 5 x 8 DOT MATRIX, 16x2 LCD MODULE, 1/16 DUTY, 1/5 , ) 2 Vdd - 5v 3 Vo - for lcd drive 4 rs h/l register select signal h: data input l: instruction , db0~db7 h/l data bus-software selectable 4 or 8 bit mode. 15 n/c - no connection 16 n/c - no connection VDD-Vo: LCD DRIVING VOLTAGE VR: 10Kn-20Kn /BLOCK DIAGRAM\ 16 x 2, 1/16 DUTY, 1/5 BIAS DB 7 i
Abstract: 16 pin diagram of lcd display 16x2 24 pin diagram of lcd display 16x2 E912112012 16X2 LCD CHARACTER CODE OSD1602M03 PDC1602M 10 pin diagram of lcd display 16x2 osd1602 16x2 lcd 4-bit
Text: ratio and wide viewing angle Compatible with LCD 16x2 type Controller is compatible with HD44780 2 , OSD1602M PLED 16x2 Characters Module OSD1602M03 Specifications Date: 2004/3/1 Revision: 3.31 Document NO:E912112012 Revision: E0 Page 1 of 15 PLED 16x2 Characters Module OSD1602M03, S/C=0: Move cursor R/L =1: Shift right R/L=0:Shift left DL =1: 8- bit DL=0:4- bit N =1:Dual line , Revision: E0 Page 6 of 15 3.7 Initialization via Instruction 8- BIT INTERFACE The procedures of
Text: LCM-S01 602DWF/B-B 16x2 CHARACTERS LCD MODULE, FSTN, TRANSFLECTIVE, ONE CHIP BLUE LED BACKLIGHT, 1/16 , REV. PART NUMBER LCM-S01 602DWF/B-B 16x2 CHARACTERS LCD MODULE, FSTN, TRANSFLECTIVE, ONE CHIP BLUE , . SYMBOL LEVEL FUNCTION 1 Vss - POWER SUPPLY GND (OV) 2 Vdd - 5V 3 Vo - FOR LCD DRIVE 4 RS H/L , WRITE (MODULEL ENABLE 7~14 DB0~DB7 H/L DATA BUS-SOFTWARE SELECTABLE 4 OR 8 BIT MODE. A - ANODE LED BACKLIGHT K - CATHODE LED BACKLIGHT VDD-Vo: LCD DRIVING VOLTAGE VR
Text: min= precisi0n max.= î^q^ precision REV. PART NUMBER LCR-U01 602DSF/D-WH 16x2 CHARACTER LCD , min= precisi0n max.= î^q^ precision REV. PART NUMBER LCR-U01 602DSF/D-WH 16x2 CHARACTER LCD , your soldering process. Creating LED and LCD Solutions Together 290 E. HELEN ROAD PALATINE, IL , LEVEL FUNCTION 1 Vss - POWER SUPPLY GND (OV) 2 Vdd - 5V 3 Vo - FOR LCD DRIVE 4 RS H/L REGISTER , (MODULEL ENABLE 7~14 DB0~DB7 H/L DATA BUS-SOFTWARE SELECTABLE 4 OR 8 BIT MODE. 15
Text: . REFLECTIVE, 16x2 LCD , 5 x 8 DOT MATRIX, l/l 6 DUTY, 1/5 BIAS. CONFIDENTIAL INFORMATION HE INFORMATION , DATA BUS-SOFTWARE SELECTABLE 4 OR B BIT MODE. V|)[|-Vo: LCD DRIVING VOLTAGE VR: 1GKfl -20Kfl /BLOCK DIAGRAM\ 16 » 2, 1/16 DUTY, 1/5 BIAS DB 7 s DB D E -R/W-RS-Vss -VDD -Vo- LCD CONTROLLER LSI & , . REFLECTIVE, 16x2 LCD , 5 x 8 DOT MATRIX, 1/16 DUTY, 1/5 BIAS. CONFIDENTIAL INFORMATION HE INFORMATION , ) 3 Vo - FOR LCD DRIVE 4- RS H/L REGISTER SELECT SIGNAL Hr DATA INPUT Lr INSTRUCTION INPUT 5 R/W H
Text: LCM-S01 602DWF/BUL 16x2 CHARACTERS LCD MODULE, FSTN, TRANSFLECTIVE, ONE CHIP BLUE LED BACKLIGHT, 1/16 , /BUL 16x2 CHARACTERS LCD MODULE, FSTN, TRANSFLECTIVE, ONE CHIP BLUE LED BACKLIGHT, 1/16 DUTY, 1/5 BIAS , GND (OV) 2 Hdd - 5V 3 Vo - FOR LCD DRIVE 4 RS H/L REGISTER SELECT SIGNAL H: DATA INPUT L , 7~14 DB0~DB7 H/L DATA BUS-SOFTWARE SELECTABLE 4 OR S BIT MODE. A ANODE LED BACKLIGHT K - CATHODE LED BACKLIGHT ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS Vdd=4,7V to 5JV, T/\=25"C VfciD-Va: LCD DRIVING
Text: LCM-X01 602DXX/GâY 5.56mm TALL, 5x8 DOT MATRIX, 16x2 CHARACTER LCD MODULE, STN YELLOW, 1/16 DUTY, 1/5 , ") REV. A PART NUMBER LCM-X01 602DXX/GâY 5.56mm TALL, 5x8 DOT MATRIX, 16x2 CHARACTER LCD MODULE , 3 Vo - FOR LCD DRIVE 4- RS H/L REGISTER SELECT SIGNAL H: DATA INPUT L: INSTRUCTION INPUT 5 R/W H , DATA BUS-SOFTWARE SELECTABLE 4 OR Ã BIT MODE. A A ANODE LED BACKLIGHT K K - CATHODE ED BACKLIGHT VDD-Vo: LCD DRIVING VOLTAGE VR: 10Kfl-20Kn, /Block diagram \ 16 x i, 1/16 duty, 1/5 bias db 7 ! db d
Text: -DECIMAL PRECISION REV. A PART NUMBER LCM-H01 602DSN/IWL 16x2 CHARACTERS LCD MODULE, STN, TRANS , 16x2 CHARACTERS LCD MODULE, STN, TRANS MISSIVE, NEGATIVE IMAGE, ONE CHIP WHITE LED BACKLIGHT, WIDE , . SYMBOL LEVEL FUNCTION 1 Vss - POWER SUPPLY GND (UV) 2 VDD - 5V 3 Vo - FOR LCD DRIVE 4 RS H/L , WRITE (MODULECâMPU) B E H,H->L ENABLE 7~14 DB0~DB7 H/L DATA BUS-SOFTWARE SELECTABLE 4 OR 0 BIT , =4.7V to 5.3V, Ta=25"C Vfc)d-Vo: LCD DRIVING VOLTAGE VR: 10Kn-2DKfl /BLOCK DIAGRAM\ 16 x 2, 1/15 DUTY, 1
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