how to program lcd display supplier

Before you get involved with LCD display programming, its critical you first choose the correct LCD display for your product. All LCD modules can be classified into one of two categories: those requiring a controller/driver chip and those that don"t.

Displays requiring a controller/driver chip to interface with your product require a programmer to write software code, sometimes referred to as firmware, to connect the LCD to the end product. Those that have a controller/driver are much easier and faster to program. Specifically, this article will address programming the character or alphanumeric displays with a parallel bus (a parallel bus LCD sends and receives 4 bits, 8 bits or 16 bits of data at a time).

The second category, those that don"t require a controller/driver chip, are called static or segment displays. This means that there is one connection on the LCD for each segment. Although this eliminates the controller chip, it requires a great deal of connections between the display and the customers product.

So what exactly is this all important piece of technology—the controller/driver (C/D)—that will make your life easier through quick and simple programming? It is a small microprocessor whose function is to convert the designers’ firmware/software into characters, numbers, and punctuation marks. The C/D makes it easy for the product designer to quickly program the character display. Inside each C/D is a character table, sometimes referred to as a character map or font table, which contains pre-loaded letters, numbers, and punctuation. The table allows the designer to call out the requested character by addressing the number of that character. In other words, the letter ‘T’ may be the number 27 and the n-dash (i.e. “-”) could be number 122. This eliminates the need to create each character from scratch and reduces the amount of time necessary to program the LCD module. In the font table shown below, the letter ‘P’ would be displayed when the designer calls the number sequence below.

D0=0, D1=0, D2=0, D3=0, D4 =0, D5=0, D6=1, D7=1. The letter Do, D1 and so on above means data bit 0, data bit 1 etc. Most character displays use eight data bits.

The character table contains 255 possible characters. This number of characters is sufficient for one language, but would be impossible to display every character in every language when limited to only 255 options. This challenge is solved by making use of a different C/D for each language. You can order a C/D for French, German and many other languages.

There are several manufactures of C/D’s including Seiko, Epson, Toshiba, and Sunplus. There are distinct advantages of having multiple makers in multiple places in the world. Specifically, you won’t have to worry about a delay in the supply chain that is the result from the constraint of the C/D being made by only one or two manufacturers. You don’t want anything to delay the launch of your product.

Character LCD displays contain 14 pins if no backlight is attached and 16 pins when an EL or LED backlight is included with the module. Below is a breakdown of each pin and the function of that pin. The function of these pins directly relates to your success at programming character LCD displays, so pay attention!

The Ground is necessary for the voltage and the contrast adjust to reference. Ground, also referred to as zero volts, is required on all electronic devices. Electrical ground is similar to the ground floor of a tall building. All the floors above the ground floor are positive and all the floors below the ground floor, the basement, are negative. The ground pin on the LCD is connected to the ground on the customer’s product

This is the Logic voltage necessary to drive the LCD. There are two common voltages for a character LCD, 3.3V (this is equal to two "aa" batteries in series) and 5V.

It is possible to order a character LCD with both a positive and negative voltage. This option is not very common and is seen in replacing older discontinued displays.

We do not recommend using the same Ground and VDD connections to supply both your LCD logic and your LED backlight. It is better to use a separate power for your backlight which is what pins 15 and 16 or the A and K tab on the side of the LCD are designed for.

This is the connection for the contrast adjust. This function is to modify the voltage between VDD and Ground and then to adjust the contrast. If you are not able to achieve the desired contrast, it may be necessary to add a resistor to the back of the printed circuit board. The addition of the resistor alleviates the low contrast issue.

Register Select has two positions: 1 (on or high) or 0 (off or low). When RS is low (0), the data is to be treated as an instruction such as ‘move the position of the cursor’ or ‘clear the screen’. When RS is high (1), the data being sent to the display is a letter, number or punctuation mark that is to be displayed on the screen.

The RW line is the "Read/Write" control line. When RW is low (0), the information on the data bus is being written to the LCD. When RW is high (1), the program is effectively querying (or reading) the LCD. Only one instruction ‘check LCD status’ is a read command. All others are write commands--so RW will almost always be set to low.

The data bits on a parallel LCD display can accept up to 8 bits of data at a time. It is possible to use just four of the eight data bits if your microcontroller lacks enough connections to drive all 8 bits; however, this is a slow transfer of information. The data bit lines are numbered DB and begin at number DB0, DB1 etc. up to DB7.

These two lines are called A for Anode and K for Cathode. Yes, it is strange to use the letter K for a word that starts with a C, but that is an entirely different subject!

The anode is the positive voltage for the backlight, while the K is the ground for the backlight. You have options when it comes to ordering your backlights; you can order an LCD display with either a 3.3V LED backlight or a 4.2V LED backlight.

One key component in LCD display programming is to make sure the controller driver you have designed will continue in production. Over time C/D suppliers will discontinue various models. So, the issue you solved with maintaining a steady supply chain does crop up again when models become obsolete. To mitigate the inconvenience, when the IC is discontinued, the LCD supplier will recommend a replacement or compatible controller. This is where the word ‘compatible’ does not mean ‘exact drop in equivalent’; however, we find that a compatible controller is an exact match 95% of the time. If you find yourself in that unlucky 5%, then you will either need to make a last-time buy of the controller that is being discontinued or change the software on your product to match the new controller.

That’s probably why you need to reevaluate today. Asking the right questions during this process clarifies the conditions you need to work successfully with the LCD display supplier.

Most of the review process is about asking the right questions about your needs to the supplier. Knowing exactly what display requirements the new LCD manufacturer should meet will inform you that they should what are the functions?

For example, the aerospace and military industries have specific quality standards and geographic manufacturing restrictions. Similar differences exist in industries such as the automotive and industrial markets, and consumer markets are too price-sensitive to adopt these same stringent standards.

Monochrome TFT displays, and color TFT displays, you may need OLED or other technology, each display manufacturer offers different processing costs and minimum order quantity.

The reasons for this can be as varied as mechanical or motion-based constraints or temperature/environmental problems. There are also optical considerations such as contrast, brightness, response time, and perspective, as well as durability and interface requirements. You may also have custom features, such as a button or custom icon on a glass or touch panel.

There is a significant difference between the demand for 2,000 and 200,000 screens per year, not only in large quantities but also in determining whether LCD vendors can effectively meet the demand for mass-produced displays.

Essentially, electronics are updated fast, right? How much of an impact will it have on your business if the new display vendor can’t keep up? Do you have an effective response?

Depending on the impact of display changes, suppliers will need to have appropriate configuration controls and obsolescence mitigation in place to ensure that your supply chain is uninterrupted throughout the life cycle of the final product.

Where is the product made? Manufacturing can be done almost anywhere in the world, and your logistics needs may be best suited to a particular location:

Whether you need a JIT order, late inventory, or less than the lead time order, you will determine what LCD display manufacturers need to use to ensure seamless integration.

Compare multiple display vendors to see how well each vendor matches your list. It’s not always about cost. If the display vendor can’t compete at your core By working with the wrong vendor, you are likely to find higher ancillary costs and higher overall system-level costs.

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– Arduino is an open-source platform used for building electronics projects. Arduino consists of both a physical programmable microcontroller and a piece of software, or IDE (Integrated Development Environment) that runs on your computer, used to write and upload computer code to the physical board.

– The Arduino platform unlike most previous programmable circuit boards, the Arduino does not need a separate programmer to load new code onto the board — you can simply use a USB cable. Additionally, the Arduino IDE uses a simplified version of C++, making it easier to learn to program.

– The open sources and extensible language: Arduino IDE is based on open source tool. The programming language used can be extended through the C++ library.

– The open source and expandable hardware: Arduino is based on Atmel’s ATMEGA 8-bit microcontrollers and its SAM3X8E and SAMD21 32-bit microcontrollers. Development boards and modules are planned to be released under the premise of following the “Creative Commons License Agreement”, so experienced circuit designers can make their own modules and carry out corresponding expansions and improvements. Even users who are relatively inexperienced can make a trial version of the basic Uno development board, which is easy to understand the principle of its operation and save costs.

– The Arduino hardware and software were designed for artists, designers, hobbyists, hackers, newbies, and anyone interested in creating interactive objects or environments. Arduino can interact with buttons, LEDs, motors, speakers, GPS units, cameras, the internet, and even your smart-phone or your TV.

Arduino Leonardo: Arduino’s first development board to use one microcontroller with built-in USB. It is cheaper and simpler. The code libraries allow the board to emulate a computer keyboard, mouse, and more.

LCD means liquid crystal display. Basically, any displays can be used with Arduino, including alphanumeric character LCD display, monochrome graphic LCD display, color TFT LCD display, IPS LCD display. It can also be used for non LCD displays like: PMOLED display, AMOLED display, E-ink (E-paper) displays.  Orient Display developed easy interface (SPI, I2C) displays which can be easily used with Arduino.

LCD displays were first used for watches and calculators.  Now, LCD display technology dominants the display world, it can be found in wearables, smart homes, mobile phones, TVs, laptops, monitors, kiosks, aircraft cockpit, digital cameras, lab instrument, power grid etc.

LCD itself can emit light itself. It has to utilize outside light sources. LCD display module normally includes LCD glass (or LCD panel), LCD driving circuitry ( can be COG, COB or TAB) and a backlight.

A LCD display 16*2 is actually a basic and simple to use LCD module. It includes LCD glass, COB (Chip on PCB Board) LCD control board, backlight, zebra to connect LCD glass and control board and a bezel to hold everything together.  16×2 LCD display can display 16 characters per line and there are two lines. Each character has 5×7 dot matrix pixels and the cursor underneath. All 16×2 LCD display originally used standard Hitachi HD44780 driver. Of course the legendary HD44780 controller had EOL long time ago. All the 16×2 LCD displays use HD44780 compatible LCD controllers. Some of them are drop replacement, some of them need to modify the initialization code a little.

Pin4 (RS pin or Register Select/Control Pin): This pin toggles among command or data register, used to connect a microcontroller unit pin and obtains either 0 or 1(0 = data mode, and 1 = command mode).

Pin5 (Read/Write/Control Pin): This pin toggles the display among the read or writes operation, and it is connected to a microcontroller unit pin to get either 0 or 1 (0 = Write Operation, and 1 = Read Operation).

Pin 6 (Enable pin/Control Pin): This pin should be held high to execute Read/Write process, and it is connected to the microcontroller unit & constantly held high.

Pins 7-14 (Data Pins): These pins are used to send data to the display. These pins are connected in two-wire modes like 4-bit mode and 8-bit mode. In 4-wire mode, only four pins are connected to the microcontroller unit like 0 to 3, whereas in 8-wire mode, 8-pins are connected to microcontroller unit like 0 to 7.

A 16×2 LCD has two registers like data register and command register. The RS (register select) is mainly used to change from one register to another. When the register set is ‘0’, then it is known as command register. Similarly, when the register set is ‘1’, then it is known as data register.

Command Register: The main function of the command register is to store the instructions of command which are given to the display. So that predefined tasks can be performed such as clearing the display, initializing, set the cursor place, and display control. Here commands processing can occur within the register.

Data Register: The main function of the data register is to store the information which is to be exhibited on the LCD screen. Here, the ASCII value of the character is the information which is to be exhibited on the screen of LCD. Whenever we send the information to LCD, it transmits to the data register, and then the process will be starting there. When register set =1, then the data register will be selected.

The resistor in the diagram above sets the LED backlight brightness. A typical value is 220 Ohms resistor, but other values will work too. Smaller resistors will make the backlight brighter. The potentiometer is used to adjust the screen contrast. I typically use a 10K Ohm potentiometer, but other values will also work.

All of the code below uses the LiquidCrystal library that comes pre-installed with the Arduino IDE. A library is a set of functions that can be easily added to a program in an abbreviated format. In order to use a library, it needs be included in the program. Line 1 in the code below does this with the command #include . When you include a library in a program, all of the code in the library gets uploaded to the Arduino along with the code for your program.

Now we’re ready to get into the programming! I’ll go over more interesting things you can do in a moment, but for now let’s just run a simple test program. This program will print “hello, world!” to the screen. Enter this code into the Arduino IDE and upload it to the board:

There are 19 different functions in the LiquidCrystal library available for us to use. These functions do things like change the position of the text, move text across the screen, or make the display turn on or off. What follows is a short description of each function, and how to use it in a program.

The LiquidCrystal() function sets the pins the Arduino uses to connect to the LCD. You can use any of the Arduino’s digital pins to control the LCD. Just put the Arduino pin numbers inside the parentheses in this order:

This function sets the dimensions of the LCD. It needs to be placed before any other LiquidCrystal function in the void setup() section of the program. The number of rows and number of columns are specified as lcd.begin(columns, rows). For a 16×2 LCD, you would use lcd.begin(16, 2), and for a 20×4 LCD you would use lcd.begin(20, 4).

This function clears any text or data already displayed on the LCD. If you use lcd.clear() with lcd.print() and the delay() function in the void loop() section, you can make a simple blinking text program.

Similar, but more useful than lcd.home() is lcd.setCursor(). This function places the cursor (and any printed text) at any position on the screen. It can be used in the void setup() or void loop() section of your program.

The cursor position is defined with lcd.setCursor(column, row). The column and row coordinates start from zero (0-15 and 0-1 respectively). For example, using lcd.setCursor(2, 1) in the void setup() section of the “hello, world!” program above prints “hello, world!” to the lower line and shifts it to the right two spaces:

This function creates a block style cursor that blinks on and off at approximately 500 milliseconds per cycle. Use it in the void loop() section. The function lcd.noBlink() disables the blinking block cursor.

This function turns on any text or cursors that have been printed to the LCD screen. The function lcd.noDisplay() turns off any text or cursors printed to the LCD, without clearing it from the LCD’s memory.

These two functions can be used together in the void loop() section to create a blinking text effect. This code will make the “hello, world!” text blink on and off.

This function takes anything printed to the LCD and moves it to the left. It should be used in the void loop() section with a delay command following it. The function will move the text 40 spaces to the left before it loops back to the first character. This code moves the “hello, world!” text to the left, at a rate of one second per character.

This function takes a string of text and scrolls it from right to left in increments of the character count of the string. For example, if you have a string of text that is 3 characters long, it will shift the text 3 spaces to the left with each step.

lcd.noAutoscroll() turns the lcd.autoscroll() function off. Use this function before or after lcd.autoscroll() in the void loop() section to create sequences of scrolling text or animations.

This function sets the direction that text is printed to the screen. The default mode is from left to right using the command lcd.leftToRight(), but you may find some cases where it’s useful to output text in the reverse direction.

This command allows you to create your own custom characters. Each character of a 16×2 LCD has a 5 pixel width and an 8 pixel height. Up to 8 different custom characters can be defined in a single program. To design your own characters, you’ll need to make a binary matrix of your custom character from an LCD character generator or map it yourself. This code creates a degree symbol (°).

The detailed LCD tutorial can be found in the article. ARDUINO LCD SET UP AND PROGRAMMING GUIDE or to check https://github.com/arduino-libraries/LiquidCrystal

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