pls tft lcd vs ips lcd pricelist

When it comes to choosing the right panel type of your LCD monitor, the options are seemingly endless. We’ve discussed the differences between AMOLED and LCD displays as well as the different types of touchscreen monitors that are commonly used for various devices and their benefits. Now it’s time to learn about the different features and specifications of PLS and IPS panels so you can decide which one is the most suitable choice for your specific personal or professional applications.

PLS stands for plane to line switching. Also referred to as Super PLS Panel, this technology boasts superior technological advancements such as a multitude of brightness setting options, crystal-clear image quality, and adjustable viewing angles without breaking the bank.

IPS stands for in-plane switching. It’s one of the most commonly used monitors for LCD displays and it consists of two glass panels that hold a layer of liquid crystals in between them. The liquid crystals become animated and perform predetermined actions such as moving in a specific direction or displaying certain colours when they’re charged with an electric current. These actions result in the high-quality images that appear on your television, laptop, or smartphone screen.

Both LCD monitor panel types have their advantages and disadvantages for various types of applications. Finding out how they work will help you determine which one is the best choice for your needs.

As mentioned, IPS LCD monitors contain hundreds of liquid crystals that are situated between two glass sheets in a parallel formation. As electric currents run through the liquid crystals when the screen is turned on, they become animated and move in different directions and backlighting passes through them. This is what produces the crystal-clear and instantaneous images you see on the screen. The excellent viewing angles are the result of the horizontal movements of the liquid crystals inside the panel.

PLS panels for LCD monitors have been on the market for over a decade and have proven to be a worthy adversary for their IPS predecessors. Although the technology is the same for the most part, IPS does offer some minor improvements. The main difference is that IPS panels offer more optimized liquid molecular alignment, which makes for a slightly better viewing experience. Hence, PLS screens offer 15% more brightness than IPS panel types.

From an aesthetic and logistical standpoint, PLS panel types are also thinner than IPS due to the fact that the glass sheets that hold the liquid crystals in place are positioned much lower in the screen configuration.

When it comes to comparing and contrasting the differences between IPS and PLS LCD monitor panel types, the competition is pretty stiff. Both monitors are fairly similar with the exception that PLS is meant to be an improvement on the previous technology. Here are the key factors that should be considered when deciding which one is the best monitor panel for LCD industrial displays.

PLS monitors offer superior viewing angles when compared to IPS displays. Unlike IPS displays, PLS monitors don’t have any noticeable colour distortions and they have significantly lower production costs.

Colour contrast and brightness is a central concern when purchasing a new commercial or industrial display. Whether you’re a gamer or graphic designer, your best option in this regard is to stick to IPS displays. They offer far more consistent image quality, colour contrast, and brightness that’s perfect for applications that rely heavily on high-quality image production.

Unfortunately, PLS and IPS monitors both have a fairly slow response time (the amount of time it takes for liquid crystals to shift from one colour or shade to another). For this reason, neither one is the ideal choice for gaming purposes, but they’re both suitable for graphic design projects that focus more on colour distribution and accuracy than response time.

PLS panel types have been proven to have superior colour distribution and accuracy compared to IPS panel types. PLS displays have a far more expansive colour gamut that’s ideal for users who require the most natural-looking images and colour options.

Backlight bleed occurs when the lights from the back of the screen leak through the edges, which results in uneven lighting or glow. This is a fairly common shortcoming of IPS screens when the brightness is adjusted to a particularly high level and can make for a poor viewing experience. PLS panel types don’t have this problem and offer even lighting regardless of the brightness settings.

The answer is inconclusive. Both IPS and PLS monitor types certainly have their advantages. Although PLS is slightly better in terms of backlighting and faster response times, the margins for improvement are fairly tight. It really just depends on what your preferences are as well as the applications that the monitors are being used for.

Nauticomp Inc.is one of the leading manufacturers and distributors of sophisticated state-of-the-art LCD displays and monitors in North America. Contact us to learn about our various products or to place an order.

If you want to buy a new monitor, you might wonder what kind of display technologies I should choose. In today’s market, there are two main types of computer monitors: TFT LCD monitors & IPS monitors.

The word TFT means Thin Film Transistor. It is the technology that is used in LCD displays.  We have additional resources if you would like to learn more about what is a TFT Display. This type of LCDs is also categorically referred to as an active-matrix LCD.

These LCDs can hold back some pixels while using other pixels so the LCD screen will be using a very minimum amount of energy to function (to modify the liquid crystal molecules between two electrodes). TFT LCDs have capacitors and transistors. These two elements play a key part in ensuring that the TFT display monitor functions by using a very small amount of energy while still generating vibrant, consistent images.

Industry nomenclature: TFT LCD panels or TFT screens can also be referred to as TN (Twisted Nematic) Type TFT displays or TN panels, or TN screen technology.

IPS (in-plane-switching) technology is like an improvement on the traditional TFT LCD display module in the sense that it has the same basic structure, but has more enhanced features and more widespread usability.

These LCD screens offer vibrant color, high contrast, and clear images at wide viewing angles. At a premium price. This technology is often used in high definition screens such as in gaming or entertainment.

Both TFT display and IPS display are active-matrix displays, neither can’t emit light on their own like OLED displays and have to be used with a back-light of white bright light to generate the picture. Newer panels utilize LED backlight (light-emitting diodes) to generate their light hence utilizing less power and requiring less depth by design. Neither TFT display nor IPS display can produce color, there is a layer of RGB (red, green, blue) color filter in each LCD pixels to produce the color consumers see. If you use a magnifier to inspect your monitor, you will see RGB color in each pixel. With an on/off switch and different level of brightness RGB, we can get many colors.

Winner. IPS TFT screens have around 0.3 milliseconds response time while TN TFT screens responds around 10 milliseconds which makes the latter unsuitable for gaming

Winner. the images that IPS displays create are much more pristine and original than that of the TFT screen. IPS displays do this by making the pixels function in a parallel way. Because of such placing, the pixels can reflect light in a better way, and because of that, you get a better image within the display.

As the display screen made with IPS technology is mostly wide-set, it ensures that the aspect ratio of the screen would be wider. This ensures better visibility and a more realistic viewing experience with a stable effect.

Winner. While the TFT LCD has around 15% more power consumption vs IPS LCD, IPS has a lower transmittance which forces IPS displays to consume more power via backlights. TFT LCD helps battery life.

Normally, high-end products, such as Apple Mac computer monitors and Samsung mobile phones, generally use IPS panels. Some high-end TV and mobile phones even use AMOLED (Active Matrix Organic Light Emitting Diodes) displays. This cutting edge technology provides even better color reproduction, clear image quality, better color gamut, less power consumption when compared to LCD technology.

This kind of touch technology was first introduced by Steve Jobs in the first-generation iPhone. Of course, a TFT LCD display can always meet the basic needs at the most efficient price. An IPS display can make your monitor standing out.

Samsung came up with its unique 18:5:9 AMOLED display for the Galaxy S8. LG picked up its old trusted IPS LCD unit for the G6’s display. These display units have been familiar to the usual Indian smartphone buyer. Honor, on the other hand, has just unveiled the new Honor 8 Pro for the Indian market that ships with an LTPS LCD display. This has led to wonder how exactly is this technology different from the existing ones and what benefits does it give Honor to craft its flagship smartphone with. Well, let’s find out.

The LCD technology brought in the era of thin displays to screens, making the smartphone possible in the current world. LCD displays are power efficient and work on the principle of blocking light. The liquid crystal in the display unit uses some kind of a backlight, generally a LED backlight or a reflector, to make the picture visible to the viewer. There are two kinds of LCD units – passive matrix LCD that requires more power and the superior active matrix LCD unit, known to people as Thin Film Transistor (TFT) that draws less power.

The early LCD technology couldn’t maintain the colour for wide angle viewing, which led to the development of the In-Plane Switching (IPS) LCD panel. IPS panel arranges and switches the orientation of the liquid crystal molecules of standard LCD display between the glass substrates. This helps it to enhance viewing angles and improve colour reproduction as well. IPS LCD technology is responsible for accelerating the growth of the smartphone market and is the go-to display technology for prominent manufacturers.

The standard LCD display uses amorphous Silicon as the liquid for the display unit as it can be assembled into complex high-current driver circuits. This though restricts the display resolution and adds to overall device temperatures. Therefore, development of the technology led to replacing the amorphous Silicon with Polycrystalline Silicon, which boosted the screen resolution and maintains low temperatures. The larger and more uniform grains of polysilicon allow faster electron movement, resulting in higher resolution and higher refresh rates. It also was found to be cheaper to manufacture due to lower cost of certain key substrates. Therefore, the Low-Temperature PolySilicon (LTPS) LCD screen helps provide larger pixel densities, lower power consumption that standard LCD and controlled temperature ranges.

The AMOLED display technology is in a completely different league. It doesn’t bother with any liquid mechanism or complex grid structures. The panel uses an array of tiny LEDs placed on TFT modules. These LEDs have an organic construction that directly emits light and minimises its loss by eradicating certain filters. Since LEDs are physically different units, they can be asked to switch on and off as per the requirement of the display to form a picture. This is known as the Active Matrix system. Hence, an Active Matrix Organic Light Emitting Diode (AMOLED) display can produce deeper blacks by switching off individual LED pixels, resulting in high contrast pictures.

The honest answer is that it depends on the requirement of the user. If you want accurate colours from your display while wanting it to retain its vibrancy for a longer period of time, then any of the two LCD screens are the ideal choice. LTPS LCD display can provide higher picture resolution but deteriorates faster than standard IPS LCD display over time.

An AMOLED display will provide high contrast pictures any time but it too has the tendency to deteriorate faster than LCD panels. Therefore, if you are after greater picture quality, choose LTPS LCD or else settle for AMOLED for a vivid contrast picture experience.

The tried and trusted TFT is the display of choice for most industrial designs, but it does have its limitations in viewability and colour vibrancy. But what about the relatively new technology, IPS (in plane switching) which has turned the TFT into a super-TFT? What are the benefits and drawbacks of each?

IPS derives its name from the fact that the liquid-crystal molecules are aligned in parallel with the glass plates, whereas the TN principle adopted in conventional TFT displays is based on perpendicular alignment of the molecules. In an IPS display, the crystals remain oriented in parallel whether the pixel is turned on or off.

A TFT display is a form of Liquid Crystal Displaywith thin film transistors for controlling the image formation. The TFT technology works by controlling brightness in red, green and blue sub-pixels through transistors for each pixel on the screen. The pixels themselves do not produce light; instead, the screen uses a backlight for illumination. Discover our TFT Products

Because the pixels block light when in the off state (the opposite situation to conventional TFT), IPS TFT exhibits high contrast and the background is true black when the display is powered down.

Display choice really does depend on your application, end user and environment. It may be a higher-grade IPS is needed to satisfy outdoor requirements, or a lower cost standard TFT display is sufficient. Before you make your choice, why speak with us and we will be happy to talk you through your options.

Display technologies are advancing every day. All the major tech giants like Apple, Samsung, One Plus use one among these technologies for building the displays of their Apple phones or Galaxy Notes. Each has its advantages and disadvantages. So which one is better? Is it the AMOLED favored mostly by Samsung? Or is it the IPS LCD favored by Apple for their iPhones? Let us take a detailed look at the features of AMOLED vs IPS display technologies.

The Active Matrix technology came about as an improvement on the existing passive matrix technology that used passive components like wires which were arranged vertically and horizontally to control each pixel. The color and brightness of the pixels and thereby the picture can be altered by varying the electrical charge at the given joint of vertical and horizontal wires. The newer Active Matrix uses active electrical components like transistors and capacitors to carry out the same purpose. Instead of varying current at the intersection of wires to control the pixels, this latest technology uses a grid or matrix of thin-film transistors commonly referred to as TFTs and capacitors.

Compared to the LCD and LED displays, the diodes in the OLED display produce light individually meaning they do not need a backlight like their predecessors. OLEDs use lesser electricity and are thinner compared to LEDs. They are also bendable and may even be curved. However, they are much more expensive than LED displays. Hence in the earlier days, it was majorly used for displays for

Now the technologies mentioned above combine to give the AMOLED displays. Here an OLED display is driven with an active matrix control scheme. The TFTs (thin-film transistors) turn on/off each pixel one at a time. The other scheme where the OLEDs are controlled by a passive matrix requires each grid ( rows and lines) to be controlled together. The advanced AMOLED displays allow for higher resolution display with a much bigger physical size.

AMOLEDs have deep black lights. The blacks are darker than LEDs and LCDs because parts of the screen can be switched off altogether. AMOLEDs are also thinner and lighter than LCDs. This feature especially stands out in a dark theater room where OLED displays give a higher contrast ratio compared to LCDs making for an excellent visual experience. This feature of OLED which can work with no backlight makes it better than LCDs whether or not they have an LED backlight.

One of the disadvantages the AMOLED had over LCD was the blurriness caused in sunlight which is a result of its lowered peak-brightness values. This issue was corrected in the advanced Super AMOLEDs. In the Super AMOLEDs, the size of gaps between the various layers of the screen namely the cathode layer, anode layer, organic active layer, TFT layer is made narrower than before.

Most flagship models of major companies like Samsung, Apple, and One Plus use either super AMOLED or IPS panel premium LCDs. So what exactly is an IPS display? and how does it feature against like the likes of super AMOLEDs?

First, let us understand the basics of a standard LCD. Simply put, when you apply current to some crystals, they may or may not let through the light which comes from a backlight that covers the whole display. In addition to this, there are polarization and color filters present in LCDs which finally give the primary colors Red, Blue, and Green.

Before we get into detailed explanations, you have to keep in mind that for the final end-product that ends up on the market, the quality of the display does not solely depend on whether it is IPS or AMOLED. The companies usually put their tweaks on top of the existing technology before making them available in the market. AMOLEDs are a newer technology than IPS LCD and improve on it in some areas while still lagging in others.

The IPS LCD stands for In-Plane Switching Liquid Crystal Displays. It emerged onto the scene as an improvement on the existing and vulnerable Thin Film Transistor LCD technology commonly referred to as the TFT. Samsung was the leading manufacturer to employ Super AMOLEDs. The IPS display is mainly being used in Apple iPhones. Apple beginning with the iPhone X is switching to AMOLED displays with contrast ratios of 1000000 to 1

As said before, an IPS display is an improved version of the regular TFT LCDs. Here, the difference comes in the way the anode and the cathode are arranged. They are planted as strip electrodes on one of the two glass substrates.

The IPS display scores big time when it comes to offering better viewing angles compared to the other LCD technologies like Twisted Nematic LCD (TN) and Vertical Alignment LCD (VA). The IPS display can be viewed without any color degradation or blurriness at flimsy shallow angles compared to TN and VA displays.

The consistency of colors and clarity of pictures at wider viewing angles is the major advantage of an LCD. IPS displays have higher resolution. They also can display a wide range of colors. These features also make the IPS displays costlier than TN and VA LCDs. Normally IPS monitors allow up to 178 degrees of viewing angles. These displays almost guarantee absolute color accuracy.

For other LCD models, the color and the brightness of an image vary when viewed from different angles. Compared with them, IPS displays are more suited for someone working as a visual/graphic artist. As a regular television, all LCD models are mostly considered equally good. This is because the viewers would mostly be sitting right in front of the screen where these differences between the models do not matter.

IPS displays are capable of displaying a wider spectrum of colors. Considering no monitors can display the entire color spectrum visible to the human eye, IPS LCD panels are the closest things to a perfect display monitor far better than TN and VA LCDs

Image retention is a problem often associated with LCDs. This happens because of the crystal which gets into a particular position for the light to go through stays in that same spot without falling back into its original position. This leads to some parts of the image being left on the screen. This is, however, a temporary problem. The crystal will eventually twist back into the position when the current is applied to it again. When it comes to color accuracy, the previous generation of LCDs was no match for the AMOLED. They had the highest color accuracy among mobile phones. But recent versions of the LCDs have fared much better versus their counterparts.

Large-sized IPS monitors are not affordable for the average customer. They should be avoided since they offer nothing impressive over other LCDs considering the price range. However, if you are a visual artist or a photographer, IPS displays provide the best color accuracy in the market. It would be more beneficial to you compared to an ordinary TN display unit.

AMOLEDs and IPS LCDs are two sides of the same coin in a sense. They both got their advantages and disadvantages. Their disadvantages are mostly overshadowed by the many tweaks installed by the parent companies to ensure customer satisfaction. From high power consumption to ugly blacks, the flaws are minimized in every newer version.

Back in the day, there was only one display technology – the Cathode Ray Tube (CRT). CRT TVs are bulky and draw a lot of current. But the introduction of Liquid Crystal Display (LCD) TV sets changed all that. TVs became more compact and the impact on the electricity bill was less.

The viewer sees a picture when an LCD screen is backlit by Cold Cathode Fluorescent Lamps (CCFLs), which are placed on the edges or behind the LCD panel. CCFL-backlit TVs have now been replaced with LED-backlit TVs. The advantage with LED-backlit TVs is lower power consumption, longevity of the backlight and a generally brighter picture.

When LCD TVs began to gain popularity from about 2000 onwards, it had only one main competitor – the Plasma Display Panel (PDP). However, PDP TVs faded away as LCD TVs were much cheaper.

A Thin Film Transistor (TFT) display is a type of LCD but the former had better contrast. Apart from TV sets, TFT LCD screens are used in smartphones, handheld devices, calculators, car instrument displays among others.

In-Plane Switching (IPS) technology is another type of LCD TV technology. These panels are more accurate in their picture reproduction and show more accurate colour from narrow viewing angles. In simple terms, IPS was better than LCD.

TV sets with Organic Light Emitting Diode (OLED) displays are better than traditional LCD TVs that are backlit by CCFLs or LEDs. This is because OLED TVs do not need any backlighting. Therefore, these panels produce very deep blacks and this gives very good contrast. This, in turn, means better picture quality. This is good when it comes to future technologies like 4K picture resolution. They are power efficient too.

Quantum LED (QLED) is another technology that Samsung is pursuing actively. OLED TVs are known to be better in terms of sharpness and back levels than QLED TVs but the gap is narrowing.

Normal LED-backlit, OLED and IPS panel TVs are all generally safe bets. Getting too deep into these technologies before buying a TV will lead to confusion. Any company will obviously say that their product is the best with a lot of jargon thrown in.

Let’s first start with the basics. An LCD or Liquid Crystal Display is a type of panel that uses liquid crystals which are back-lit. It’s one of the most common and widely-used technology since they are easily manufactured and doesn’t cost a lot to produce.

Short for Thin Film Transistor, TFT  LCD is basically an improved version of LCD wherein an extra transistor and capacitor are both attached to each pixel. This is the same active matrix (AM) technology used in AMOLED displays which we’ll discuss later on.

Because of this, TFT LCDs are able to produce images with better contrast than the usual LCDs. They are also still cheap to produce. Although, viewing angles generally aren’t that impressive while color reproduction is a bit altered. They are now commonly used in low-end devices.

If TFT has one sheet of transistor supporting each pixel, LG Display’s IPS or In-Plane Switching LCDs make use of two transistors for each pixel which is then illuminated with a stronger backlight. This results to way better viewing angles than TFT and a more faithful color reproduction. Any image viewed within 178 degree from all four sides will retain clear details.

One downside, though, is that since it uses a more powerful backlight, it requires slightly more power from the battery as compared to handsets that use non-LCD panels. These are used in majority of handsets today.

A Super-Twisted Nematic display is a type of monochrome passive-matrix LCD that has an even lower cost of production than TFT LCDs. It also consumes less power than both the TFT and IPS displays which is a good thing, but the issue here is that it shows lower image quality and slower response time than TFT panels.

Additionally, STN LCDs can also be reflective which makes it visible even under direct sunlight. Because of this, it is being used for inexpensive phones and informational screens of digital devices.

TFD stands for Thin Film Diode which was made as a sort of getting the best of two things. It has the low power consumption of STN LCDs but since it doesn’t yield very impressive picture quality, it made use of the imaging performance of a TFT LCD.

A product of Japan Display Inc. (JDI), IPS Neo addresses the issues involved in manufacturing liquid crystal panels such as affecting the production yield due to unwanted foreign particles included in the process.

There’s a detailed scientific process that involves using highly transmissive liquid crystals but basically, because of this unique method from the company, IPS Neo displays give off a higher contrast with flexible viewing angles. This implementation also makes it possible to mass produce these panels which was previously thought to be difficult.

This specific type of screen is from Samsung Mobile Display and was introduced back in 2010. Super PLS (Plane to Line Switching) were made for LCDs and is an improvement to LG Display’s IPS panels. The company claims that Super PLS is ‘about 100%’ better when talking about viewing angles — putting it in the league of AMOLED displays. It is also 10% brighter which would greatly benefit users when used outdoors.

The Active-Matrix Organic Light-Emitting Diode, or simply AMOLED, was started to be used in mobile phones in 2008. As we’ve mentioned earlier, it uses active matrix but this time for OLED pixels which is simply another term for thin-film display technology . It basically generates light upon electrical activation after combining with a TFT array and has all the characteristics of an OLED display like lively color reproduction, high brightness and sharpness, and is lightweight.

One of the noticeable differences of using AMOLED screens is its deep blacks. This is possible since OLED displays are always off by default unlike LCD panels that are always back-lit. Apart from showing true blacks (since the cell is basically turned off), it also consumes less power.

These are some of the reasons why it quickly gained popularity on high-end devices and because of this, more manufacturers have made the switch from TFT LCDs. Of course, it also has some cons to it. AMOLED displays don’t perform as well as back-lit LCDs under direct sunlight and diode degradation happens over time since they are organic.

Two of the main contenders for display technologies that are widely available are AMOLED and LCD. Here in this article, we will be comprising AMOLED vs LCD and find out which one is better for you.

The AMOLED display is similar to the OLED in various factors like high brightness and sharpness, better battery life, colour reproduction, etc. AMOLED display also has a thin film transistor, “TFT” that is attached to each LED with a capacitor.

TFT helps to operate all the pixels in an AMOLED display. This display might have a lot of positives but there are a few negatives too let’s point both of them out.

The LCD stands for “Liquid Crystal Display”, and this display produces colours a lot differently than AMOLED. LCD display uses a dedicated backlight for the light source rather than using individual LED components.

The LCD displays function pretty simply, a series of thin films, transparent mirrors, and some white LED lights that distributes lights across the back of the display.

As we have mentioned, an LCD display always requires a backlight and also a colour filter. The backlight must have to pass through a thin film transistor matrix and a polarizer. So, when you see it, the whole screen will be lit and only a fraction of light gets through. This is the key difference comparing AMOLED vs LCD and this is what differentiates these two display technologies.

The LCD displays are cheaper compared to the AMOLED as there is only one source of light which makes it easier to produce. Most budget smartphones also use LCD displays.

LCD displays have bright whites, the backlight emits lots of light through pixels which makes it easy to read in outdoors. It also shows the “Accurate True to Life” colours, which means it has the colours that reflect the objects of the real world more accurately than others.

LCDs also offer the best viewing angle. Although it may depend on the smartphone you have. But most high-quality LCD displays support great viewing angles without any colour distortion or colour shifting.

The LCD displays can never show the deep blacks like AMOLED. Due to the single backlight, it always has to illuminate the screen making it impossible to show the deep blacks.

The LCDs are also thicker than other displays because of the backlight as it needs more volume. So, LCD smartphones are mostly thicker than AMOLED ones.

Let’s start with the pricing. Most AMOLED display smartphones always cost more than an LCD smartphone. Although the trend is changing a bit. But still, if you want to get a good quality AMOLED display you have to go for the flagship devices.

The colors are also very sharp and vibrant with the AMOLED displays. And they look much better than any LCD display. The brightness is something where LCDs stood ahead of the AMOLED display. So using an LCD display outdoors gives much better results.

Looking at all these factors and comparing AMOLED vs LCD displays, the AMOLED displays are certainly better than the LCDs. Also, the big display OEMs, like Samsung and LG are focusing more the OLED technologies for their future projects. So, it makes sense to look out for AMOLED displays. That being said, if we see further enhancements in the LCD technology in terms of battery efficiency and more, there is no point to cancel them at this moment.

Monitors with this matrix - the most common. First invented LCD  monitors were based on technology TN. Of 100  monitors in the world about 90  have TN  the matrix. Are the cheapest  and simple to manufacture and therefore the most massive.

Able to convey color in 18or 24-x bit range ( 6or 8  bit per channel Rgb), which, although a good indicator in comparison with the first LCD  monitors on TNIn our time, this is not enough for high-quality color reproduction.

Based on TN  monitors can be considered more eco-friendly  in comparison with monitors on other LCD matrixes. They consume the least electricity, due to the use of low-power backlights.

The main goal was to get rid of shortcomings. TN  matrices. Later, this technology was replaced by S —IPS(Super —IPS). Monitors with this technology produce Dell, LG, Philips, Nec, ViewSonic, ASUS  and Samsung(Pls). The main purpose of these monitors is to work with graphics, photo processing and other tasks that require accurate color reproduction, contrast and standards compliance. sRGB  and Adobe RGB. They are mainly used in professional work with 2D / 3D graphics, photo editors, and pre-print masters, but are also popular with those who simply want to please their eyes with a high-quality picture.

Matrix data (most), can reproduce chromaticity in 24 bita (by 8 bit  for each Rgb  channel) without ASCR. Of course not 32 bits  like u CRT  monitors, but pretty close to the ideal. In addition, many IPS  matrices ( P-IPSsome S-ips), already able to transmit color 30 bitsHowever, they are much more expensive and are not intended for computer games.

- even more significantly improved the contrast and removed the violet light when looking at the monitor from the side. With her release in 2006  year, now almost replaced monitors with S —IPS  by the matrix. May have like 6  bit so 8  and 10  bits per channel. From 16.7  million to 1 billion flowers.

- variety H-IPSbut cheaper in the production matrix, which provides a standard for IPS  color gamut in 24 bits  (by 8  on the RGB channel). The matrix is ​​specially highlighted, which makes it possible to use LED  backlights and less powerful CCFL. Aims at the middle and budget sector of the market. Suitable for almost any purpose.

- the most advanced IPS  matrix to 2011  years, continued development H-IPS  (but in essence, a marketing name from ASUS). It has a color gamut 30 bits(10  bit per channel Rgb  and is most likely achieved through 8 bits + FRC), better response speed compared to S-ips, an enhanced level of contrast and the best viewing angles in its class. Not recommended for use in low frame rate games. Slowdowns become more pronounced by superimposing on the speed of response, which causes blinking and blurring.

- variation IPS  from Samsung. Unlike IPSIt is possible to place the pixels more densely, but the contrast suffers (not very successful design of pixels). Contrast no higher 600:1  - the lowest among LCD  matrices. Even u TN  matrices this figure is higher. Matrices Pls  can use any kind of backlight. According to characteristics, more preferable than MVAPVA  matrices.

(since 2011) — most preferred IPS technology. The maximum color coverage of AH-IPS for 2014 does not exceed 8 bit + FRCThat in total gives 1.07 billion colors in the most advanced matrices. Apply technology that allows the production of matrices with high resolutions. The best color reproduction in the class (strongly depends on the manufacturer and purpose of the matrix). A small breakthrough was also achieved in the viewing angles, due to which, the AH-IPS matrices were almost on a par with the plasma panels. Improved light-transmittance IPS matrix, and hence the maximum brightness, coupled with the reduced need for powerful backlighting, which has a beneficial effect on the power consumption of the screen as a whole. Contrast is improved compared to S-IPS. For gamers, and in the general piggy bank, you can add a significantly improved response time, which is now almost comparable to.

Or you can look away e-IPS  matrix, which is very similar in characteristics to MVA/PVA. Although e-IPS  still preferable because it has the best time  response and has no problems with loss of contrast with a direct look.

This is convenient, because movies can be viewed almost full screen. The strips still remain, as modern films have a standard 21.5/9. Also, on such a monitor it is very convenient to work with documents in several windows or programs with complex interfaces.

LCD Monitor Screens  (Liquid Crystal Display, liquid crystal monitors) are made of a substance (cyanophenyl), which is in a liquid state, but at the same time has some properties inherent in crystalline bodies. In fact, these are liquids that have anisotropic properties (in particular, optical) that are associated with orderliness in the orientation of molecules.

The first working LCD display was created by Fergason in 1970. Prior to this, liquid crystal devices consumed too much energy, their lifespan was limited, and the image contrast was depressing. The new LCD was presented to the public in 1971, and then it received hot approval. Liquid crystals (Liquid Crystal) are organic substances that are capable of changing the amount of transmitted light under voltage. The liquid crystal monitor consists of two glass or plastic plates, between which there is a suspension. The crystals in this suspension are arranged in parallel with respect to each other, thereby allowing light to penetrate through the panel. When an electric current is applied, the arrangement of the crystals changes, and they begin to prevent the passage of light. LCD technology is widely used in computers and projection equipment. The first liquid crystals were notable for their instability and were hardly suitable for mass production. The real development of LCD technology began with the invention of British scientists a stable liquid crystal - biphenyl (Biphenyl). The first-generation liquid crystal displays can be observed in calculators, electronic games and watches. Modern LCD monitors are also called flat panels, active dual-scan arrays, thin-film transistors. The idea of ​​LCD monitors has been in the air for more than 30 years, but the studies that were carried out did not lead to an acceptable result, so LCD monitors have not won the reputation of devices that provide good image quality. Now they are becoming popular - everyone likes their elegant look, thin camp, compactness, economy (15-30 watts), moreover, it is believed that only wealthy and serious people can afford such luxury

There are two types of LCD monitors: DSTN (dual-scan twisted nematic - dual-scan crystal screens) and TFT (thin film transistor - on thin-film transistors), also called passive and active matrices, respectively. Such monitors consist of the following layers: a polarizing filter, a glass layer, an electrode, a control layer, liquid crystals, another control layer, an electrode, a glass layer and a polarizing filter. The first computers used eight-inch (diagonal) passive black and white matrix. With the transition to active matrix technology, the screen size has grown. Almost all modern LCD monitors use panels on thin-film transistors, providing a bright, clear image of a much larger size.

The size of the monitor depends on the working space occupied by it, and, importantly, its price. Despite the well-established classification of LCD monitors depending on the screen size diagonally (15, 17, 19-inch), the classification according to the working resolution is more correct. The fact is that, unlike CRT-based monitors, whose resolution can be changed quite flexibly, LCD displays have a fixed set of physical pixels. That is why they are designed to work with only one resolution, called a worker. Indirectly, this resolution determines the size of the matrix diagonal, however, monitors with the same working resolution may have a different matrix size. For example, monitors with a diagonal of 15 to 16 inches basically have a working resolution of 1024Ѕ768, which means that this monitor actually has a physical 1024 pixels horizontally and 768 pixels vertically. The working resolution of the monitor determines the size of the icons and fonts that will be displayed on the screen. For example, a 15-inch monitor can have a working resolution of 1024Ѕ768 and 1400Ѕ1050 pixels. In the latter case, the physical dimensions of the pixels themselves will be smaller, and since the same number of pixels are used in both cases when forming the standard icon, then at a resolution of 1400Ѕ1050 pixels the icon will be smaller in physical dimensions. For some users, too small icons at high resolution of the monitor may be unacceptable, so when you buy a monitor, you should immediately pay attention to the working resolution. Of course, the monitor is able to display the image in another, different from the working resolution. This mode of operation of the monitor is called interpolation. In the case of interpolation, the image quality is poor. Interpolation mode significantly affects the display quality of screen fonts.

LCD monitors are inherently digital devices, so the native interface for them is considered a digital DVI interface, which can have two types of convectors: DVI-I, combining digital and analog signals, and DVI-D, transmitting only a digital signal. It is considered that DVI is more preferable for connecting an LCD monitor to a computer, although it is also possible to connect via a standard D-Sub connector. DVI-interface is also supported by the fact that in the case of an analog interface double conversion of the video signal takes place: first the digital signal is converted to analog in a video card (D / A conversion), which is then transformed into a digital electronic unit of the LCD monitor itself (ADC conversion), as a result, the risk of various signal distortion increases. Many modern LCD monitors have both D-Sub and DVI connectors, which allows you to simultaneously connect two system units to the monitor. You can also find models with two digital connectors. In low-cost office models, only the standard D-Sub connector is generally present.

The basic component of the LCD matrix are liquid crystals. There are three main types of liquid crystals: smectic, nematic and cholesteric. According to their electrical properties, all liquid crystals are divided into two main groups: the first one includes liquid crystals with positive dielectric anisotropy, and the second with negative dielectric anisotropy. The difference lies in how these molecules react to an external electric field. Molecules with positive dielectric anisotropy are oriented along the field lines of force, while molecules with negative dielectric anisotropy are perpendicular to the lines of force. Nematic liquid crystals have a positive dielectric anisotropy, and smectic, on the contrary, negative. Another remarkable property of LC molecules is their optical anisotropy. In particular, if the orientation of the molecules coincides with the direction of propagation of plane-polarized light, then the molecules have no effect on the plane of polarization of light. If the orientation of the molecules is perpendicular to the direction of light propagation, then the plane of polarization is rotated so as to be parallel to the direction of orientation of the molecules. The dielectric and optical anisotropy of the LC molecules makes it possible to use them as a kind of light modulators that allow the desired image to be formed on the screen. The principle of operation of such a modulator is quite simple and is based on changing the plane of polarization of the light passing through the LCD cell. The LCD cell is located between two polarizers, the polarization axes of which are mutually perpendicular. The first polarizer cuts plane-polarized radiation from the light transmitted from the illumination lamp. If there were no LCD cell, then such plane-polarized light would be completely absorbed by the second polarizer. An LCD cell placed in the path of the transmitted plane-polarized light can rotate the plane of polarization of the transmitted light. In this case, part of the light passes through the second polarizer, that is, the cell becomes transparent (fully or partially). Depending on how you control the rotation of the polarization plane in the LCD cell, there are several types of LCD matrices. So, the LCD cell, placed between two crossed polarizers, allows you to modulate the transmitted radiation, creating a gradation of black and white. To obtain a color image, it is necessary to use three color filters: red (R), green (G) and blue (B), which, being installed on the white propagation path, will allow you to get three basic colors in the right proportions. So, each pixel of an LCD monitor consists of three separate subpixels: red, green, and blue, which are controlled LCD cells and differ only in the filters used, installed between the top glass plate and the output polarizing filter.

The main technologies in the manufacture of LCD displays: TN + film, IPS (SFT) and MVA. These technologies differ in the geometry of surfaces, polymer, control plate and front electrode. Of great importance are the purity and type of polymer with the properties of liquid crystals, applied in specific developments.

The TN-type liquid crystal matrix (Twisted Nematic) is a multi-layer structure consisting of two polarizing filters, two transparent electrodes and two glass plates, between which the nematic-type liquid-crystal substance with positive dielectric anisotropy is located. Special grooves are applied to the surface of the glass plates, which allows creating initially the same orientation of all liquid crystal molecules along the plate. The grooves on both plates are mutually perpendicular, so the layer of liquid crystal molecules between the plates changes its orientation by 90 °. It turns out that LC molecules form a structure twisted in a spiral (Fig. 3), which is why such matrices are called Twisted Nematic. Glass plates with grooves are located between two polarization filters, and the axis of polarization in each filter coincides with the direction of the grooves on the plate. In the normal state, the LCD cell is open because the liquid crystals rotate the plane of polarization of the light passing through them. Therefore, plane-polarized radiation, formed after the passage of the first polarizer, will pass through the second polarizer, since its axis of polarization will be parallel to the direction of polarization of the incident radiation. Under the influence of the electric field created by transparent electrodes, the molecules of the liquid crystal layer change their spatial orientation, lining up along the direction of the field lines of force. In this case, the liquid crystal layer loses the ability to rotate the plane of polarization of the incident light, and the system becomes optically opaque, since all light is absorbed by the output polarizing filter. Depending on the applied voltage between the control electrodes, it is possible to change the orientation of the molecules along the field not completely, but only partially, that is, to adjust the degree of twist of the LC molecules. This, in turn, allows you to change the intensity of the light passing through the LCD cell. Thus, installing a backlight lamp behind the LCD matrix and changing the voltage between the electrodes, you can vary the degree of transparency of one LCD cell. TN matrices are the most common and cheap. They have certain disadvantages: not very large viewing angles, low contrast and the inability to get the perfect black color. The fact is that even with the application of maximum voltage to the cell, it is impossible to unwind the LC molecules and orient them along the field lines of force. Therefore, such matrices, even when the pixel is completely turned off, remain slightly transparent. The second drawback is associated with small viewing angles. To partially eliminate it, a special diffusing film is applied to the monitor surface, which allows to increase the viewing angle. This technology is called TN + Film, which indicates the presence of this film. Finding exactly which type of matrix is ​​used in the monitor is not so easy. However, if the monitor has a “broken” pixel caused by the failure of the transistor controlling the LCD cell, it will always glow brightly (in red, green or blue) in the TN-matrices, since the open pixel in the TN-matrix corresponds to the absence of voltage on the cell. You can recognize a TN matrix by looking at black at maximum brightness — if it’s rather gray than black, then this is probably the TN matrix.

IPS-matrix monitors are also called Super TFT-monitors. A distinctive feature of IPS-matrices is that the control electrodes are located in them in the same plane on the lower side of the LCD cell. In the absence of voltage between the electrodes, the LC molecules are parallel to each other, the electrodes and the polarization direction of the lower polarizing filter. In this state, they do not affect the polarization angle of the transmitted light, and the light is completely absorbed by the output polarizing filter, since the polarization directions of the filters are perpendicular to each other. When voltage is applied to the control electrodes, the generated electric field rotates the LC molecules by 90 ° so that they are oriented along the field lines. If a light is passed through such a cell, then due to the rotation of the polarization plane, the upper polarizing filter will let the light through without interference, that is, the cell will be in the open state (Fig. 4). By varying the voltage between the electrodes, it is possible to force the LC molecules to rotate at any angle, thereby changing the transparency of the cell. In all other respects, IPS cells are similar to TN matrices: a color image is also formed by using three color filters. IPS-matrices have both advantages and disadvantages compared with TN-matrices. The advantage is the fact that in this case it turns out perfectly black, and not gray, as in TN-matrices. Another indisputable advantage of this technology is large viewing angles. The disadvantages of IPS-matrices should be attributed to a pixel response time longer than for TN-matrices. However, we will return to the question of the pixel response time. In conclusion, we note that there are various modifications of IPS-matrices (Super IPS, Dual Domain IPS), allowing to improve their characteristics.

MVA is a development of VA technology, that is, technology with vertical alignment of molecules. In contrast to the TN and IPS matrices, in this case, liquid crystals with negative dielectric anisotropy are used, which are oriented perpendicular to the direction of the electric field lines. In the absence of voltage between the plates of the LCD cell, all liquid crystal molecules are oriented vertically and have no effect on the polarization plane of the transmitted light. Since the light passes through two crossed polarizers, it is completely absorbed by the second polarizer and the cell is in the closed state, while, in contrast to the TN matrix, it is possible to obtain an ideally black color. If a voltage is applied to the electrodes located above and below, the molecules rotate 90 °, orienting themselves perpendicularly to the lines of the electric field. With the passage of plane-polarized light through such a structure, the polarization plane rotates by 90 ° and the light freely moves through the output polarizer, that is, the LCD cell is in the open state. The advantages of the systems with the vertical ordering of molecules are the possibility of obtaining ideally black color (which, in turn, affects the possibility of obtaining high-contrast images) and the short response time of the pixel. In order to increase the viewing angles in systems with vertical molecular ordering, a multi-domain structure is used, which leads to the creation of matrices of the MVA type. The meaning of this technology is that each subpixel is divided into several zones (domains) using special protrusions, which somewhat change the orientation of the molecules, causing them to align with the surface of the protrusion. This leads to the fact that each such domain shines in its direction (within a certain solid angle), and the combination of all directions expands the viewing angle of the monitor. The advantages of MVA-matrices include high contrast (due to the possibility of obtaining perfectly black color) and large viewing angles (up to 170 °). Currently, there are several varieties of MVA technology, such as Samsung"s PVA (Patterned Vertical Alignment), MVA-Premium, and others, which further enhance the performance of MVA matrices.

Today, in LCD monitors, the maximum brightness declared in the technical documentation ranges from 250 to 500 cd / m2. And if the brightness of the monitor is high enough, then this is necessarily indicated in the advertising booklets and presented as one of the main advantages of the monitor. However, just this is one of the pitfalls. The paradox is that you cannot rely on the figures indicated in the technical documentation. This applies not only to brightness, but also to contrast, viewing angles and pixel response time. Not only can they not at all correspond to the values ​​actually observed, sometimes it is generally difficult to understand what these numbers mean. First of all, there are different measurement techniques described in various standards; Accordingly, measurements carried out according to different methods give different results, and you can hardly find out by which method and how the measurements were taken. Here is one simple example. The measured brightness depends on the color temperature, but when they say that the monitor brightness is 300 cd / m2, the question arises: at what color temperature is this maximum brightness reached? Moreover, manufacturers indicate the brightness not for the monitor, but for the LCD matrix, which is not at all the same. To measure the brightness, special reference signals of generators with precisely specified color temperature are used, therefore the characteristics of the monitor itself as the final product may differ significantly from those stated in the technical documentation. But for the user, the characteristics of the monitor itself, and not of the matrix, are of paramount importance. Brightness is a really important feature for an LCD monitor. For example, with insufficient brightness, you can hardly play various games or watch DVD movies. In addition, it will be uncomfortable working behind the monitor in daylight conditions (external illumination). However, on this basis, to conclude that a monitor with a declared brightness of 450 cd / m2 is something better monitor with a brightness of 350 cd / m2, it would be premature. Firstly, as already noted, the declared and real brightness is not the same thing, and secondly, it is quite enough that the LCD monitor has a brightness of 200-250 cd / m2 (but not asserted, but actually observed). In addition, the fact how the brightness of the monitor is regulated is also important. From the point of view of physics, the brightness can be adjusted by changing the brightness of the backlight lamps. This is achieved either by adjusting the discharge current in the lamp (in the monitors, cold cathode fluorescent lamp, CCFL cold cathode fluorescent lamps are used as backlight), or through the so-called pulse-width modulation of the lamp power. With pulse-width modulation, the voltage on the backlight lamp is supplied by pulses of a certain duration. As a result, the illumination lamp does not glow continuously, but only at periodically repeated time intervals, but due to the inertia of vision, it seems that the lamp is constantly lit (the pulse repetition rate is more than 200 Hz). Obviously, by varying the width of the applied voltage pulses, you can adjust the average brightness of the backlight lamp. In addition to adjusting the brightness of the monitor due to the backlight, sometimes this adjustment is carried out by the matrix itself. In fact, a constant component is added to the control voltage on the electrodes of the LCD cell. This allows you to fully open the LCD cell, but does not allow it to completely close. In this case, with an increase in brightness, black ceases to be black (the matrix becomes partially transparent even when the LCD cell is closed).

No less important characteristic of the LCD monitor is its contrast, which is defined as the ratio of brightness white background to the brightness of the black background. Theoretically, the contrast of the monitor should not depend on the brightness level set on the monitor, that is, at any brightness level, the measured contrast should have the same value. Indeed, the brightness of the white background is proportional to the brightness of the backlight lamp. In the ideal case, the ratio of the transmittance of light by the LCD cell in the open and closed state is a characteristic of the LCD cell itself, but in practice this ratio may depend on both the set color temperature and the set brightness level of the monitor. Recently, the contrast of the image on digital monitors has increased markedly, and now this figure often reaches the value of 500: 1. But here everything is not so simple. The fact is that the contrast can be indicated not for the monitor, but for the matrix. However, as experience shows, if a contrast of more than 350: 1 is indicated in a passport, then this is quite enough for normal work.

Reaction time, or pixel response time, as a rule, is indicated in the technical documentation for the monitor and is considered one of the most important characteristics of the monitor (which is not quite right). In LCD monitors, the pixel response time, which depends on the type of matrix, is measured in tens of milliseconds (in the new TN + Film-matrices, the pixel response time is 12 ms), and this leads to blurring the changing picture and can be noticeable by sight. Distinguish between on time and off time of a pixel. By the time the pixel is turned on is the time required for opening the LCD cell, and by the time it is off it is the time needed to close it. When they talk about the response time of a pixel, they understand the total time on and off of a pixel. The on time of the pixel and the time it turns off can vary significantly. When they talk about the response time of a pixel, indicated in the technical documentation on the monitor, they mean the reaction time of the matrix, and not the monitor. In addition, the pixel response time, indicated in the technical documentation, is interpreted differently by different matrix manufacturers. For example, one of the options for interpreting the on (off) time of a pixel is that it is the time of changing the brightness of a pixel from 10 to 90% (from 90 to 10%). So far, speaking of measuring the response time of a pixel, it is implied that we are talking about switching between black and white colors. If there are no questions with black color (the pixel is just closed), then the choice of white color is not obvious. How will the pixel reaction time change if measured when switching between different semitones? This question is of great practical importance. The fact is that switching from black to white or, conversely, in real applications is relatively rare. In most applications, transitions between semitones are implemented, as a rule. And if the switching time between black and white turns out to be less than the switching time between grayscale, then the pixel response time will not have any practical value and it is impossible to focus on this characteristic of the monitor. What conclusion can be drawn from the above? It"s very simple: the pixel response time claimed by the manufacturer does not allow us to unambiguously judge the dynamic response of the monitor. In this sense, it is more correct to speak not about the switching time of a pixel between white and black colors, but about the average switching time of a pixel between semitones.

All monitors are by nature RGB-devices, that is, the color in them is obtained by mixing in different proportions of the three basic colors: red, green and blue. Thus, each LCD pixel consists of three color subpixels. In addition to the fully closed or fully open state of the LCD cell, intermediate states are also possible when the LCD cell is partially open. This allows you to shape the color tone and mix the color shades of the base colors in the right proportions. At the same time, the number of colors reproduced by the monitor theoretically depends on how many color shades can be formed in each color channel. Partial opening of the LCD cell is achieved by applying the required voltage level to the control electrodes. Therefore, the number of reproducible color shades in each color channel depends on how many different voltage levels can be applied to the LCD cell. For the formation of an arbitrary voltage level, you will need to use high-resolution DAC circuits, which is extremely expensive. Therefore, in modern LCD monitors are most often used 18-bit DACs and less often - 24-bit. When using an 18-bit DAC, there are 6 bits for each color channel. This allows you to form 64 (26 = 64) different voltage levels and, accordingly, to obtain 64 color shades in one color channel. All in all, by mixing the color shades of different channels, it is possible to create 262,144 color shades. When using a 24-bit matrix (24-bit DAC scheme), each channel has 8 bits, which makes it possible to form 256 (28 = 256) color shades in each channel, and the whole matrix reproduces 16 777 216 color shades. At the same time, for many 18-bit matrices in the passport it is indicated that they reproduce 16.2 million color shades. What is the matter here and is it possible? It turns out that in 18-bit matrices, due to all sorts of tricks, it is possible to bring the number of color shades closer to what is reproduced by true 24-bit matrices. To extrapolate color shades in 18-bit matrices, two technologies (and their combinations) are used: dithering and frame rate control (FRC). The essence of dithering technology lies in the fact that the missing color shades are obtained by mixing the nearest color shades of neighboring pixels. Consider a simple example. Suppose that a pixel can only exist in two states: open and closed, with the closed state of the pixel forming black, and the open state forming red. If instead of one pixel we consider a group of two pixels, then, in addition to black and red, we can also get an intermediate color, thereby extrapolating from the two-color to the three-color mode. As a result, if initially such a monitor could generate six colors (two for each channel), then after such a dithering, it will reproduce already 27 colors. The dithering scheme has one major drawback: the increase in color shades is achieved by reducing the resolution. In fact, this increases the pixel size, which can adversely affect when drawing the details of the image. The essence of the FRC technology is to manipulate the brightness of individual subpixels with the help of their additional on / off. As in the previous example, it is considered that a pixel can be either black (turned off) or red (turned on). Each subpixel receives a command to turn on with a frame rate, that is, at a frame rate of 60 Hz, each subpixel receives a command to turn on 60 times per second. This allows you to generate red. If, forcibly, to force a pixel to be turned on not 60 times per second, but only 50 (at every 12th cycle, not turning on, but turning off the pixel), then the pixel brightness will be 83% of the maximum, which will allow to form an intermediate color shade of red. Both of the considered methods of extrapolating colors have their drawbacks. In the first case, this is a possible flickering of the screen and a slight increase in the reaction time, and in the second, the probability of losing image details. To distinguish by eye the 18-bit matrix with extrapolation of color from the true 24-bit is quite difficult.