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The E-Motive PRP with nav box is the only option for easily upgrading to a fantastic LCD solution. Fit the PRP display without having to worry about replacing the entire COP, wiring up to the controller, having the correct lift protocol or having the wrong configuration on the display.
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In this blog post of our Retrofit launch sequence we"ll show you one of the most requested topics: how to download files. We"ll give you all the insight and snippets you need to use Retrofit to download everything, from tiny .png"s to large .zip files.
If you"re reading this and you haven"t written code for any Retrofit requests yet, please check our previous blog posts to get started. For all you Retrofit experts: the request declaration for downloading files looks almost like any other request:
If the file you want to download is a static resource (always at the same spot on the server) and on the server your base URL refers to, you can use option 1. As you can see, it looks like a regular Retrofit 2 request declaration. Please note, that we"re specifying ResponseBody as return type. You should not use anything else here, otherwise Retrofit will try to parse and convert it, which doesn"t make sense when you"re downloading a file.
The second option is new to Retrofit 2. You can now easily pass a dynamic value as full URL to the request call. This can be especially helpful when downloading files, which are dependent of a parameter, user or time. You can build the URL during runtime and request the exact file without any hacks. If you haven"t worked with dynamic URLs yet, feel free to head over to our blog post for that topic: dynamic urls in Retrofit 2
If you"re confused by the ServiceGenerator.create(), head over to our first blog post to get started. Once we"ve created the service, we"ll make the request just like any other Retrofit call!
Most of it is just regular Java I/O boilerplate. You might need to adjust the first line on where and with what name your file is being saved. When you have done that, you"re ready to download files with Retrofit!
But we"re not completely ready for all files yet. There is one major issue: by default, Retrofit puts the entire server response into memory before processing the result. This works fine for some JSON or XML responses, but large files can easily cause Out-of-Memory-Errors.
If you’re downloading a large file, Retrofit would try to move the entire file into memory. In order to avoid that, we"ve to add a special annotation to the request declaration:
You can still use the same writeResponseBodyToDisk() method. If you remember the @Streaming declaration and this snippet, you can download even large files with Retrofit efficiently.
All modern Android apps need to do network requests. Retrofit offers you an extremely convenient way of creating and managing network requests. From asynchronous execution on a background thread, to automatic conversion of server responses to Java objects, Retrofit does almost everything for you. Once you"ve a deep understanding of Retrofit, writing complex requests (e.g., OAuth authentication) will be done in a few minutes.
Invest time to fully understand Retrofit"s principles. It"ll pay off multiple times in the future! Our book offers you a fast and easy way to get a full overview over Retrofit. You"ll learn how to create effective REST clients on Android in every detail.
Even network engineers who toil away in hot server rooms (which aren’t actually all that hot because they’re well climate controlled) deserve nice things. That’s why Cobalt came out with these gorgeous front bezels for their rack mounted equipment… around twenty years ago. [Geekmansworld] is reviving the look, but he’s not hiding it away in a server rack. He scrapped the guts and used the front bezel and controls as part of his media server.
Of course a dead front bezel is no fun so he cut off the portion of the original circuit board which hosts the buttons seen on the right. These buttons now connect to a U-HID board which turns the button presses into mouse or keyboard inputs using a USB connection. The original display was swapped out for a backlit character LCD. The LEDs to the left are a refit which turns the status indicators into a VU-Meter. See the entire thing at work after the break.
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Retrofit is a REST Client for Java and Android. This library, in my opinion, is the most important one to learn, as it will do the main job. It makes it relatively easy to retrieve and upload JSON (or other structured data) via a REST based webservice.
In Retrofit you configure which converter is used for the data serialization. Typically to serialize and deserialize objects to and from JSON you use an open-source Java library — Gson. Also if you need, you can add custom converters to Retrofit to process XML or other protocols.
For making HTTP requests Retrofit uses the OkHttp library. OkHttp is a pure HTTP/SPDY client responsible for any low-level network operations, caching, requests and responses manipulation. In contrast, Retrofit is a high-level REST abstraction build on top of OkHttp. Retrofit is strongly coupled with OkHttp and makes intensive use of it.
Now that you know that everything is closely related, we are going to use all these 3 libraries at once. Our first goal is to get all the cryptocurrencies list using Retrofit from the Internet. We will use a special OkHttp interceptor class for CoinMarketCap API authentication when making a call to the server. We will get back a JSON data result and then convert it using the Gson library.
When learning something new, I like to try it out in practice as soon as I can. We will apply a similar approach with Retrofit 2 for you to understand it better more quickly. Don’t worry right now about code quality or any programming principles or optimizations — we’ll just write some code to make Retrofit 2 work in our project and discuss what it does.
We are going to execute HTTP requests on a server accessible via the Internet. Give this permission by adding these lines to your Manifest file:
Find the latest Retrofit version. Also you should know that Retrofit doesn’t ship with an integrated JSON converter. Since we will get responses in JSON format, we need to include the converter manually in the dependencies too. We are going to use latest Google’s JSON converter Gson version. Let’s add these lines to your gradle file:// 3rd party
As you noticed from my comment, the OkHttp dependency is already shipped with the Retrofit 2 dependency. Versions is just a separate gradle file for convenience:def versions = [:]
Ok after a quick experiment, it is time to bring this Retrofit implementation to the next level. We already got the data successfully but not correctly. We are missing the states like loading, error and success. Our code is mixed without separation of concerns. It’s a common mistake to write all your code in an activity or a fragment. Our activity class is UI based and should only contain logic that handles UI and operating system interactions.
The first step to improve was to start using Dependency Injection. Remember from the previous part we already have Dagger 2 implemented inside the project correctly. So I used it for the Retrofit setup./**
As you may have noticed while creating the Retrofit builder instance, we added a special Retrofit calls adapter using addCallAdapterFactory. By default, Retrofit returns a Call
Instead of communicating with our Retrofit implementation directly, we are going to use Repository for that. For each kind of entity, we are going to have a separate Repository./**
If the app is freshly installed and it is its first launch, then there will not be any data stored inside the local database. Because there is no data to show, a loading progress bar UI will be shown. Meanwhile the app is going to make a request call to the server via a web service to get all the cryptocurrencies list.
Another class used in our Repository and LiveDataCallAdapter where all the "magic" happens is ApiResponse. Actually ApiResponse is just a simple common wrapper around the Retrofit2.Response class that converts each response to an instance of LiveData./**
Inside this wrapper class, if our response has an error, we use the Gson library to convert the error to a JSON object. However, if the response was successful, then the Gson converter for JSON to POJO object mapping is used. We already added it when creating the retrofit builder instance with GsonConverterFactory inside the Dagger AppModule function provideApiService.
Because we want to use the networking library OkHttp in our project for all network operations, we need to include the specific Glide integration for it instead of the default one. Also since Glide is going to perform a network request to load images via the internet, we need to include the permission INTERNET in our AndroidManifest.xml file — but we already did that with the Retrofit setup.
So we are going to use coroutines everywhere in this app where we need to wait until a result is available from a long-running task and than continue execution. Let’s see one exact implementation for our ViewModel where we will retry getting the latest data from the server for our cryptocurrencies presented on the main screen.
The idea of all this code is that we can combine multiple calls to form nice-looking sequential code. First we request to get the ids of the cryptocurrencies we own from the local database and wait for the response. Only after we get it do we use the response ids to make a new call with Retrofit to get those updated cryptocurrency values. That is our retry functionality.
In Android, Retrofitis a REST Client for Java and Android by Square inc under Apache 2.0 license. Its a simple network library that used for network transactions. By using this library we can seamlessly capture JSON response from web service/web API. It’s easy and fast library to retrieve and upload the data(JSON or any other structured data) via a REST based web service.
We have a lot of network libraries that used to fetch and send the data from/to server. In our previous article we use Volley library for network transactions but Retrofitis an ultimate replacement of Volley and all other libraries. Retrofitis better alternative of other libraries in terms of performance, ease of use, extensibility and others.
In Android, retrofit library is different from other network libraries because it gives us an easy to use platform through which we don’t need to parse JSON responses as they are done by library itself. It used GSON library in the background to parser the response data. What we need to do is define a POJO (Plain Old Java Object) to parse the response.
Below is the example of Retrofit in which we have implement the POST type request. In this we are implementing sign up api. In this example firstly we create sign up page design with 3 EditText name, email and password and one sign up Button. After that in our MainActivity we are getting our EditText and Button and on click of sign up Button the data in EditText is validate and then we are implementing signup api to save the data in our database. After getting response from api we are displaying the message on the screen by using a Toast.
Below is the example of Retrofit in which we have implement the GET type request. In this we are displaying a list of items by using RecyclerView. Firstly we declare a RecyclerView in our XML file and then get the reference of it in our Activity. After that we create POJO Class, API Interface, Rest Adapter and then implement the API in our onCreate method of MainActivity. After getting the success response from server we are calling our adapter to set the data in RecyclerView.
In this step Firstly we get the reference of RecyclerView in our Activity. After that we implement the API in our onCreate method. Finally After getting the success response from server we are calling our adapter to set the data in RecyclerView. In this step we show a Progress dialog while implementing API and after getting response or error we dismiss it.
3. setEndpoint and baseUrl method – In Retrofit 1.9, the setEndpoint(String url) method defines the API’s base url but in 2.x baseUrl(API_BASE_URL) is used to set the base url.
4. Dynamic Urls – One of the best feature in retrofit 2.x is dynamic urls. Lets take a use-case, we need to download file from internet source and files will have different urls. The files are either stored on Amazon;s S3 server or somewhere else on the web. So the main problem in 1.9 is we need to create RestAdapter with base url every time we wanted to load a file but in 2.x we can use dynamic urls, for implementing it we can leave the HTTP verb annotation empty and use the @url annotation as a parameter of method. Retrofit will automatically map the provided url string and do the job for us.
6. Creating the Retrofit Instance: For network requests with Retrofit we need to create instance using retrofit builder class and then configure it with base URL. Suppose we have to implement login API then we need to build retrofit instance, setting base url and create connection between our retrofit instance and API Interface. For this, its better to create a class in which we have a method that create the connection and then returns the API Interface object. You can create this Retrofit instance where you want to implement API but its better to create a common class/method and use it where you want.
Below is the example of Retrofit 2.x in which we have implement the POST type request. In this we are implementing sign up api. In this example firstly we create sign up page design with 3 EditText name, email and password and one sign up Button. After that in our MainActivity we are getting our EditText and Button and on click of sign up Button the data in EditText is validate and then we are implementing signup api to save the data in our database. After getting response from api we are displaying the message on the screen by using a Toast.
In this step we create a new class to set the Retrofit. In this class getClient method returns the Api Interface class object which we are using in our MainActivity.
Below is the example of Retrofit 2.x in which we have implement the GET type request. In this we are displaying a list of items by using RecyclerView. Firstly we declare a RecyclerView in our XML file and then get the reference of it in our Activity. After that we create POJO Class, API Interface, Retrofit builder and then implement the API in our onCreate method of MainActivity. After getting the success response from server we are calling our adapter to set the data in RecyclerView.
In this step we create a new class to set the Retrofit builder. In this class getClient method returns the Api Interface class object which we are using in our MainActivity.
In this step Firstly we get the reference of RecyclerView in our Activity. After that we implement the API in our onCreate method. Finally After getting the success response from server we are calling our adapter to set the data in RecyclerView. In this step we show a Progress dialog while implementing API and after getting response or error we dismiss it.
Neatly explained. It is great help to learn concept of retrofit networking library as well as, well explained difference in between retrofit and other network library.
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Ms.Josey 
Ms.Josey