lcd screen power consumption quotation

The power consumption of computer or tv displays vary significantly based on the display technology used, manufacturer and build quality, the size of the screen, what the display is showing (static versus moving images), brightness of the screen and if power saving settings are activated.

Click calculate to find the energy consumption of a 22 inch LED-backlit LCD display using 30 Watts for 5 hours a day @ $0.10 per kWh. Check the table below and modify the calculator fields if needed to fit your display.

Hours Used Per Day: Enter how many hours the device is being used on average per day, if the power consumption is lower than 1 hour per day enter as a decimal. (For example: 30 minutes per day is 0.5)

LED & LCD screens use the same TFT LCD (thin film transistor liquid crystal display) technology for displaying images on the screen, when a product mentions LED it is referring to the backlighting. Older LCD monitors used CCFL (cold cathode fluorescent) backlighting which is generally 20-30% less power efficient compared to LED-backlit LCD displays.

The issue in accurately calculating the energy consumption of your tv or computer display comes down to the build quality of the screen, energy saving features which are enabled and your usage patterns. The only method to accurately calculate the energy usage of a specific model is to use a special device known as an electricity usage monitor or a power meter. This device plugs into a power socket and then your device is plugged into it, electricity use can then be accurately monitored. If you are serious about precisely calculating your energy use, this product is inexpensive and will help you determine your exact electricity costs per each device.

In general we recommend LED displays because they offer the best power savings and are becoming more cheaper. Choose a display size which you are comfortable with and make sure to properly calibrate your display to reduce power use. Enable energy saving features, lower brightness and make sure the monitor goes into sleep mode after 5 or 10 minutes of inactivity. Some research studies also suggest that setting your system themes to a darker color may help reduce energy cost, as less energy is used to light the screen. Also keep in mind that most display will draw 0.1 to 3 watts of power even if they are turned off or in sleep mode, unplugging the screen if you are away for extended periods of time may also help.

As I sit here typing this article, I am being slowly cooked alive! The digital thermometer located above my monitor reads 121.9 F, but I"ve seen it even higher. My office is usually about 4-5 degrees warmer then the rest of the house. I"ve got a 19" energy wasting, desk hogging, thermal heat wave producing factory CRT monitor. As if you really needed an excuse to buy that cool little flat panel LCD monitor you"ve been coveting at your local electronics store.

When I connect my Kill-a-Watt meter, I find that my monitor draws between 85-95 watts running and about 6W in standby. LCD"s draw between 1/3 and 1/2 as much. There are several 17" models which draw as little as 30 watts. In addition the LCD draws less on "power up" and typically use only 2-3W in standby mode.

OK, so 55 watts x hours per day used x days per year / 1000 x cost of electricity, equals a grand savings of about $20 a year. But there is a little more to it. A cathode ray tub runs very hot. Just put your hand on the back of your monitor and feel for yourself. To keep the monitor from burning up, all of this heat must be dissipated. This undesired heat just increases the load on your cooling equipment. In contrast, a LCD monitor runs much cooler, and doesn"t add near as much heat to the cooling load.

LCD technology has progress rapidly in the last few years, and cost has dropped steadily. You can now buy a flat panel monitor which performs as well as your trusty CRT and has better image quality. Detailed specs are beyond the scope of this article however look for high contrast ratios of over 450:1, brightness levels of 250 and more, response times of 20ms or less, and a low computer power consumption of 40W or less.

In many homes, our televisions are on for many hours of the day. While not as power-hungry as appliances like air conditioners or washing machines, it’s important to know how much electricity your TV uses when you’re looking at your whole home’s energy usage.

Generally, TVs use between 50 to 200 watts (W) of electricity, depending on the model. Most TVs use less than one amp, and connect to a 120 volt outlet. Older TVs that use technology such as Plasma and CRT are much less efficient compared to newer LED and LCD TVs.

Watts (W) and kilowatts (kW): multiplying volts x amps gets you watts (or wattage). Put simply, watts are the rate of electricity consumption. A kilowatt is just 1,000 watts.

Kilowatt-hours (kWh): lastly, kilowatt-hours are how your electric bill measures your energy usage. Simply put, kilowatt-hours are electricity consumption over time.

Remember that yellow Energy Saver sticker we mentioned above? If you want to know how much electricity your TV uses (or at least is supposed to use), take the estimated yearly electricity use in kWh – this is probably your best bet for an accurate number. Simply multiply this number by the average electricity rate in your area to get an estimate of how much you spend to power your TV each year. For an estimated monthly cost, divide the estimated yearly cost by 12.

All popular home batteries are capable of powering a TV: most lithium-ion batteries like the Tesla Powerwall or Generac PWRcell have a power rating of 4 to 5 kW or higher, and 10+ kWh of usable capacity. TVs use about 100 W (0.1 kW) of power at any one time, meaning a battery will be plenty suitable for backing up and powering your TV, even for long periods of time.

Average TVs use between 50 and 200 W of electricity to stay powered. On average, solar panels are rated at around 350 W, meaning you’ll be able to power a TV easily with just one solar panel.

For small/medium size televisions, LCD is clearly the choice for those of you with limited power. The other great news is that they are getting cheaper as time goes on. Coles and a number of supermarkets are now selling 38 cm LCD televisions for under AUS$200.

I say "if" because they are designed to run off a 230V-12V regulated power supply. This is not the same as running it direct from a 12V solar system where the battery voltage can easily range from 11 to 15 volts. An even wider variance is possible with flat or failing batteries; a battery system being equalised to 15.5-16 volts etc.

There appears to be a few brands that can definitely be run off a battery and these are marketed to the caravan and yachting market. Majestic LCD televisions will operate between 10.9 and 15.5 volts. Xien sell a range for the marine industry. Sharp televisions are also sold as "12 volts" but come with a $140 special 12 V lead. I suggest this has a power conditioner on it. Dick Smith once sold (and may still do so) an AC/DC 15 inch model.

The power "saving" of being able to run it direct is significant. From my observations, the 230 to 12V adapter supplied with the television is only about 50% efficient. By the time you then use an inverter to change your 12V to 230V, I estimate that you could be tripling your power consumption.

For the "big end of town", a consumer magazine tested 4 popular brands of large LCD and Plasma televisions for power consumption. Interestingly, the 45/ 46 inch Plasma televisions used 260 –286 watts while the 42/43 inch Plasma televisions used significantly less (183- 186 watts). All four used between 0.67 and 1.4 watts on stand by.

Do you need a display that draws the lowest current possible? Want long lasting battery-powered LCD project? Well, you have come to the right place. We compiled this list of digital displays that consume the least amount of power. These displays are perfect for when you are trying to extend the battery life of your product by pulling the least amount of current possible.

Other than a pen and paper, ePaper provides the lowest power consumption available for electronic displays. It does this via an electrochemical process that requires zero power once the pixels are in their desired location. These displays are ideal for when the content is not updated very often. Low-power ePapers only use power during updates, so the longer time between updates, the lower the power consumed.

The beauty of OLED displays and power consumption is that OLEDs only draw current for pixels that are on. For instance, when displaying a black and white checkerboard pattern, an OLED display consumes 50% less current than when displaying a completely white screen. Keeping that in mind, user interfaces can be designed to conserve as much power as possible by limiting how many pixels are lit.

Today, people use TVs to stream the latest shows and movies in excellent picture quality. But televisions are doing more than providing entertainment value. Your television draws power every second it"s on, which means you should consider your TV power consumption every time you pay your electric bill. How much power does a TV use? Continue reading to learn how much electricity a TV uses across the different types of television sets available.

With these variables in mind, you can better determine how much energy a TV uses over a set period. First, you should learn more about the different types of televisions and how much power they draw. Please remember that the following wattages listed are generalized since every TV is different. Use the following information to get closer to understanding your TV"s power consumption.

LED stands for "light-emitting diode." LED TVs use this technology to provide excellent picture quality with low power consumption. Today, most consumers use LED TVs to watch movies, tune in to their favorite shows and play the latest video games. Most LED screens range from around 30 to 60 inches, but recently, people have started buying larger LED TVs reaching upward of 85 inches. LED technology allows for these massive screen sizes, thanks to their inexpensive design and efficient energy performance.

A 32-inch LED TV will consume around 50 watts of electricity. On the other end of the size spectrum, you can expect a 50-inch or larger LED TV to consume 100 watts at the most, with many modern LED TVs using much less energy. Compared to plasma, LCD and OLED TVs of similar sizes, you"ll find LED TVs are significantly more efficient, which makes them a popular product.

LCD screens use tiny lights called pixels that manipulate the colors of green, blue and red to create moving images. These pixels get the electrical power needed to emit light using liquid crystals, which is where the term LCD comes from. LCD TVs grew in popularity during the late "90s and early 2000s because the technology allowed the TVs to be slimmer, letting people mount their televisions on walls for the first time.

Besides these advantages, LCD TVs also provided consumers with a more energy-efficient television option over the outdated cathode-ray tube variety. However, they are slightly less energy-efficient than LED TVs of similar sizes. A 30-inch LCD TV uses about 60 watts of electricity. Larger LCDs like a 50-inch model will use around 150 watts.

Plasma TVs use a different type of technology than LEDs and LCDs. Plasma is an electricity-conductive gas. As the plasma receives energy, the particles begin moving and colliding which causes the release of light photons. This technology allows plasma TVs to have a slim form factor like LEDs, but plasmas differ considerably from LED TVs in their wattage used.

Plasma TVs produce incredible images with deep blacks and crisp color contrast, but they use a lot of energy in the process. In 2009, the California Energy Commission banned the sale of TVs that do not meet efficiency standards when powered on and displaying a picture. To put this information into perspective, a 42-inch plasma TV can consume nearly 500 watts of electricity. This level of energy use puts plasma TVs in a similar realm of power consumption as that of many household refrigerators.

OLED stands for "organic light-emitting diode" and is one of the latest progressions in television technology. Many viewers agree that OLED TVs provide the best picture quality available, but they do this at the expense of slightly increased power consumption over their LED predecessors.

For perspective, a 65-inch OLED TV will consume nearly 120 watts of electricity compared to a 65-inch LED, which will use close to 90 watts. It may seem like a minuscule difference at first, but this increase in energy consumption will add up over your TV"s lifetime.

Using an energy-efficient TV can help lower your monthly energy bills and reduce your carbon footprint. Often, modern TV packaging will display how much energy the TV uses in a year under a specific set of parameters. If you want to be even more energy-conscious, you can buy Energy Star-certified TVs that can help keep your TV power consumption low while still giving you excellent picture quality.

The Sceptre E185BV-S LED TV is the option for you when you want to save as much as possible on your energy bill. With its low weight and portable design, you can easily move it around your house for use in the living room, bedroom or guest room. Plus, its size makes it a viable option as a desktop computer monitor, so you can use it for work and leisure. Here are some of the specs.Screen size: 18 inches

For a TV that doesn"t sacrifice image quality for excellent energy efficiency, choose the VIZIO D40-D1. It has a refresh rate of 60 Hz with 1080p resolution, so you know you"re getting outstanding picture quality without cranking up the energy usage. Here are some things to note about the VIZIO D40-D1.Screen size: Ranges from 24 to 50 inches

If you"re an informed consumer who cares about your energy consumption and monthly bills, you may be searching for ways to reduce your carbon footprint. At EnergyBot, we can help lower your energy bill by pairing you with the lowest-cost energy provider in your area. Getting started with our process is easy, and the results could keep more in your pocket every month.

Knowing how much electricity (measured in watts) your TV consumes is important for two main reasons: to estimate the cost of its energy usage and to determine the capacity of a solar battery needed to keep it running during apower outage.

If you plan to use a solar battery as a backup power source during outages, it is important to identify your essential loads, or the appliances that you need to have powered by stored energy.

There are several factors that can affect the wattage (W) or electrical consumption of a TV, including its size, the purpose for which it is being used (such as watching a show or playing video games), and the fact that TVs continue to consume energy even when they areturned off and still plugged in.

If you’re relying on stored electricity from a battery to power your TV during a power outage, it may be wise to avoid binge-watching a 10-hour Netflix series. Most storage batteries have a capacity of 10 kWh of electricity, and watching 10 hours of TV would consume approximately 1 kWh of this energy. It’s important to consider the amount of stored electricity available in your battery for maximum energy efficiency.

While the energy consumed by a TV during a binge-watching session may not seem significant, you should be mindful of energy usage when relying on backup power sources. To conserve energy, consider reducing TV usage and reserving stored electricity for essential appliances such as refrigerators. This can help ensure that you have enough power to keep any perishable items cold during a power outage.

This means that any device that is plugged in will continue to draw a small amount of electricity from the outlet because it is always ready to be turned on. However, the energy consumed by electronics in standby mode is minimal, typically using less than 0.5 W of power.

If you need to rely onbattery storageduring a power outage, it may be advisable to unplug your TV unless it is an essential load. In normal circumstances, however, leaving your TV plugged in will not significantly increase your electric bill. To conserve energy, it’s a good idea to unplug devices that aren’t in use or use a power strip that can be easily turned off to cut power to multiple devices at once.

Running a TV does not have a significant impact on your energy costs. On average, electricity costs approximately13.01 cents per kWh, and there are 1,000 watt-hours in a kilowatt-hour. As a result, if you watch TV for 10 hours a day, your energy consumption would reach the average cost of 13 cents.

However, it’s important to note that electricity rates and TV usage may vary, so the actual cost may differ. In general, the energy consumption of a TV is not a major concern when it comes to your energy bill.

The energy consumption of a TV is influenced by factors such as its size, screen size, and type. There are several types of TV models available, including LED/LCD, plasma, and smart TVs, each of which has a different wattage requirement for operation. The wattage needed to power a TV can vary based on the specific model and features.

LED and LCD TVs both utilizeLED lightsfor operation, which is why they’re often grouped together. Plasma TVs use more LED lights than LED or LCD TVs, and smart TVs use a similar amount of LED lights as LED and LCD TVs, in addition to having internet connectivity capabilities.

The power consumption of a TV can vary depending on its size and type. However,it’s reasonable to expect that a modern TV will consume approximately 100 W of power.This value can vary based on the specific model and features of the TV.

Determining the wattage of your TV is primarily useful if you need to calculate the electricity requirements for running a TV on stored energy or with limited energy, such as in an RV. Understanding the energy consumption of your TV can help you plan for and manage your power usage in these situations.

If you have solar storage for backup power, it’s important to remember that the stored energy may not be sufficient to run all of your household appliances at the same time. For example, you may not be able to operate the air conditioner, electric stove, washing machine, and TV simultaneously without exceeding the capacity of the stored energy. It’s also important to prioritize your energy usage and manage your appliance usage accordingly in these situations.

If you consider your TV an essential appliance that you want to use during a power outage, be sure to include its wattage in your calculation of essential loads. This will help you determine the capacity of the backup power source (such as asolar battery) needed to keep the TV running.

If you’re interested in saving money, reducing your environmental impact, and transitioning to clean energy for your home, contact us today for a free,customized solar quote. We’ll help you determine the best options based on your home energy needs and assist you in making the switch to solar power.

Responsible for performing installations and repairs (motors, starters, fuses, electrical power to machine etc.) for industrial equipment and machines in order to support the achievement of Nelson-Miller’s business goals and objectives:

• Perform highly diversified duties to install and maintain electrical apparatus on production machines and any other facility equipment (Screen Print, Punch Press, Steel Rule Die, Automated Machines, Turret, Laser Cutting Machines, etc.).

If you are looking for a new display, you should consider the differences between CRT and LCD monitors. Choose the type of monitor that best serves your specific needs, the typical applications you use, and your budget.

Require less power - Power consumption varies greatly with different technologies. CRT displays are somewhat power-hungry, at about 100 watts for a typical 19-inch display. The average is about 45 watts for a 19-inch LCD display. LCDs also produce less heat.

Smaller and weigh less - An LCD monitor is significantly thinner and lighter than a CRT monitor, typically weighing less than half as much. In addition, you can mount an LCD on an arm or a wall, which also takes up less desktop space.

More adjustable - LCD displays are much more adjustable than CRT displays. With LCDs, you can adjust the tilt, height, swivel, and orientation from horizontal to vertical mode. As noted previously, you can also mount them on the wall or on an arm.

Less eye strain - Because LCD displays turn each pixel off individually, they do not produce a flicker like CRT displays do. In addition, LCD displays do a better job of displaying text compared with CRT displays.

Better color representation - CRT displays have historically represented colors and different gradations of color more accurately than LCD displays. However, LCD displays are gaining ground in this area, especially with higher-end models that include color-calibration technology.

More responsive - Historically, CRT monitors have had fewer problems with ghosting and blurring because they redrew the screen image faster than LCD monitors. Again, LCD manufacturers are improving on this with displays that have faster response times than they did in the past.

Multiple resolutions - If you need to change your display"s resolution for different applications, you are better off with a CRT monitor because LCD monitors don"t handle multiple resolutions as well.

So now that you know about LCD and CRT monitors, let"s talk about how you can use two monitors at once. They say, "Two heads are better than one." Maybe the same is true of monitors!

With the rapid development of communication technology, the intelligent mobile terminal brings about great convenience to people’s life with rich applications, while its power consumption has become a great concern to researchers and consumers. Power modeling is the basis to understand and analyze the power consumption characteristics of the terminal. In this paper, we analyze the Bluetooth and hidden power consumption of the android platform and fix the power model of open-source Android platform. Then, a power consumption monitoring tool is implemented based on the model; the tool is divided into three layers, which are original information monitor layer, power consumption calculation layer, and application layer. The original monitor layer gets the power consumption data and running time of the different components under different states, the calculation layer calculates the power consumption of each hardware and each application based on the power model of each component, and the application layer displays the real-time power consumption of the software and hardware. Finally, we test our tool in real environment by using Xiaomi 9 Pro and perform comparison with actual instrument measurement; the error between the monitored value and the measured value is less than 5%.

With rapid development of communication technology, especially the popularization of 4G and the deployment of 5G, the possibility of mobile intelligent terminal is greatly expanded. The global mobile phone holdings were 6 billion by the end of 2020 according to statistics from IDG [1]; the rapid popularization of intelligent terminals greatly promotes the development of mobile applications. By the end of 2019, the numbers of downloads of App Store and Google Play apps have reached 30.6 billion and 84.3 billion, respectively [2]. Many mobile applications are integrated into various industries, which brings about great convenience to people’s work and life. However, most intelligent mobile terminals currently are powered by energy-limited batteries. Although a lot of optimization has been carried out at the battery level, hardware components, and operating system levels to improve energy utilization efficiency [3, 4], these improvements still cannot prevent low energy utilization or unreasonable consumption of battery. Thus, the energy consumption of mobile terminal is still a focus for many researchers [5–7].

Current mobile terminals are equipped with a variety of I/O components, such as GPU, AI processor, AMOLED flexible screen, gravity sensor, ambient light sensor, and other sensors. Rich hardware brings people a richer and faster experience, while the problem is the increasing power consumption of terminals [8, 9]. However, the battery technology of intelligent terminals has not made a breakthrough. In the past 10 years, the capacity of Li batteries with the same volume has only increased by 10%, and the battery life is about 8 hours for most terminals. As the bottleneck of intelligent terminal battery technology cannot be overcome in a short term, it is impossible to solve the problem of battery manufacturing with higher specific energy (the amount of electric energy released by the electrode material per unit mass involved in the electrode reaction) in a short term. Therefore, it is necessary to reduce the energy consumption of intelligent terminal and prolong the service life of intelligent terminal.

The first step to analyze the power consumption of intelligent terminal and its software is establishing a power consumption model. At present, the widely used power consumption models are mainly divided into two types: one is based on hardware power measurement instrument and the other is based on software power consumption model. The first method mainly uses the power instrument to measure the power consumption of the intelligent terminal or uses the special hardware sensor embedded in the intelligent terminal to count power consumption. The second method is establishing a power consumption model through software, mainly by recording resource utilization of each component by the software. Although the power consumption measured by the first method is more accurate, the special measuring instrument is very expensive, the test process is more cumbersome, and the measurement cycle is long, which makes it impossible to automate the terminals of different platforms. The second method is establishing a power consumption model in forms of software, which has a wide range and is relatively simple to operate. Therefore, current power consumption modeling method based on software has been recognized by many researchers.

Android is an open-source system and is widely used with an 85.9% market share. In this paper, we select Android system as our research object. Android system has designed a special power management framework for power management, and the power consumption statistics include application power consumption statistics and hardware power consumption statistics. Application power consumption statistics usually displayed the ranking list of the total power consumption of each application, and hardware power consumption statistics display a ranking list that counts the total power consumption of main hardware, which is mainly implemented through the interface of processAppUsage() and processMiscUsage() in BatteryStats service of the system. The energy consumption statistics of each application are usually calculated by accumulating the power consumption of CPU, wake lock, radio, Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, sensors, camera, and flashlight. While the method of calculating Bluetooth power consumption in the source code is an empty method and some power consumption items cannot accurately confirm their sources, these questions are not giving a detailed explanation in the system power model.

Aiming at the above problems, we propose a specific calculation model of Bluetooth power consumption and hidden power consumption in the system and implement the power consumption model based on Android source code. According to the power consumption model, we implement the power consumption monitor tool, which is divided into three layers from top to bottom. The names of each layer are the original information monitor layer, the power calculation layer, and the application layer. The original monitor layer gets the power consumption data and running time of the different components under different states. The power calculation layer calculates the power consumption of each hardware and each application based on the power model of each component, and the power data is abstracted as interfaces to the application layer for different using. The application layer displays the real-time power consumption of the software and hardware in the form of diagrams. The main contributions in this paper are as follows:(1)A specific calculation model of Bluetooth power consumption and hidden power consumption of the system is proposed(2)A tool for energy consumption monitor and analysis of Android terminal is implemented(3)The error between the measured value and the monitor value of the tool is less than 5% in real environment by using Xiaomi 9 Pro and Samsung terminals

Farooq et al. [10] proposed a probabilistic technique for fine-grained energy estimation to compute the energy consumption of each method in Android applications; they used a probabilistic approach to map application power profile onto the corresponding execution traces to compute method-level energy by extracting the relevant energy consumption and execution traces. Dai et al. [11] designed a static visual detection and classification method based on application energy consumption; they first analyzed the bytecode images generated by the dex and xml files in the Android apk and trained them with deep learning methods; then the energy consumption level of two kinds of different mobile terminal software can be obtained, which can quickly estimate the energy consumption of mobile terminal when the application. However, the accuracy of their model is slightly lower. Amsel and Tomlinson [12] proposed a green tracker to estimate energy consumption of common user behaviors such as browsing Internet pages, creating text files, listening to music, and other behaviors by calculating their CPU utilization rate, so that developers and end users can have an intuitive understanding of energy consumption of commonly used application. In their research, they found that the energy utilization of Firefox is more effective than Safari when the same functions are completed. However, their research only made statistics on the CPU components and did not count the energy consumption of other components, so the results can only show the energy consumption of CPU utilization rate.

Li et al. [13] proposed energy consumption model at application level based on hardware components and designed a software consumption statistical tool named as bugu for intelligent terminal; the model calculated not only the CPU utilization of the application but also the power consumption of Wi-Fi, screen, Bluetooth, and radio components, and the accuracy of the model was greatly improved. Zhang et al. [14] used the knowledge of battery built-in sensor and battery discharge curve to train different components for different types of terminals, so as to obtain the battery power consumption of different components in different states. Through multiple linear regression of the energy consumption data of multiple groups of programs, the energy consumption model of different intelligent terminals can be obtained. This method can automatically generate the energy consumption model based on the actual terminal and display the power consumption information of different software and components in real time. Duan et al. [15] noticed that the energy consumption of each software is proportional to its running time, and the model is relatively simple to implement and consumes less system resources at run time. However, the accuracy of the model is poorer than PowerTutor and has some limitations.

In order to have a clear understanding of the energy consumption of smart terminals, Carroll and Heiser [16] conducted a detailed power consumption analysis on two different smart phones. They not only measured the overall power consumption of the system but also measured the power consumption of the main hardware components in the device. Through a number of test programs, the system energy consumption was decomposed to understand the various components by imitating the use scenarios of real user’s energy consumption characteristics. Li et al. [17] proposed a source code level energy consumption calculation method for Android applications. First, they record the energy consumption measurement information based on hardware of the application and the relevant information about the effective path of the application. Then the energy consumption information and path execution information of the collected program are regressed and mapped to each source program to obtain the energy consumption of each source code. Yoon et al. [18] presented an Android-based energy metering system, which monitors application’s hardware usage at the kernel level and accurately estimates energy consumption. The system was implemented as a kernel module and uses an event-driven monitoring method that generates low overhead and provides high accuracy. While the method of counting the Bluetooth power consumption in the source code is empty, and some power consumption cannot accurately confirm its source, these questions are not giving a detailed explanation in the system power model; thus we try to find answers to these questions.

The power statistics architecture of our model is divided into the original information statistics layer, power calculation layer, and application layer from bottom to top, as shown in Figure 1.

The original information layer mainly monitors the power information of each hardware and the running time information of each hardware in different states. The power consumption calculation layer includes the power calculation model and statistical model. The power calculation layer calculates the power consumption information of each hardware according to the power information and service time of each hardware, and the statistical model accumulates the power consumption information of each hardware. The application layer displays the real-time power consumption of the software and hardware in the form of diagrams, which relies on the power calculator and the battery sipper to provide statistical power data, while the calculation layer of the middle layer relies on the power profile and battery stats in the original information statistics layer.

The original information monitor layer is the summary of the original statistical information needed for power consumption statistics, which mainly records the power profile and battery stats. The power consumption of intelligent terminal processor in each frequency is obtained from powerprofile file, and the power of wireless network, Bluetooth, camera, flashlight, GPS, audio, and other related hardware modules in different states is obtained. The working time of different processes in different states, the number of times the terminal is awakened by the process, and the network usage information of the application are counted in batterystats. The current information of intelligent terminal hardware in different states obtained from powerprofile is recorded in Android power_ profile. xml. The current recorded data is the data recorded by the mobile phone manufacturer by testing each part of the mobile phone separately. The power value of each component under different states of the intelligent terminal recorded by the intelligent terminal manufacturer will directly affect the accuracy of the power consumption monitoring of the intelligent terminal. The more accurate the value tested by the manufacturer, the more accurate the power consumption data calculated by using the data. Batterystats records the working time of each process of the application and also includes the statistics of wake-up times of each process to the kernel in sleep state.

The power calculation layer mainly includes the calculation model and statistical model. The calculation model calculates the power consumption of each component according to the information of the underlying power and the use time of the terminal hardware by the process. The statistical model calculates the final power consumption of each application by accumulating the power consumption of each component of the terminal. At the same time, this paper also discusses power consumption of the system which cannot accurately confirm the source and gives corresponding calculation model in the final power consumption calculation. The specific power consumption model of each component is shown in Section 3.2. The application layer displays real-time power consumption of the software and hardware in the form of diagrams, and power usage is used as the calling interface of the application layer, which provides the methods of obtaining statistical time, refreshing statistical data, and classifying statistical data.

Power consumption statistical model plays a very important role in terminal power consumption statistics. The power consumption model of each component is directly related to the error between the statistical results and the final results. According to the characteristics and principles of previous works and referring to many other power consumption models, we present power consumption model of the Android application and the power consumption model of each component of the terminal.3.2.1. Power Consumption of the Application

Application power consumption is the total power consumption of the top-level application. Since the parameter uid of the application is the only identification of the application at run time, we use uid as the basic unit to count the power consumption of all processes of the application. The power consumption calculation model of the application is shown as formula (1), AppSumPower is the total power consumption of the application, n is the total number of processes contained in the application, and the power consumption of each application includes power consumption of the processor, wake-up lock, wireless network, camera, flashlight, mobile network, Bluetooth, and global positioning system. The meanings of all parameters in the model are given in Table 1.

The processor power consumption calculation only needs to count the processor working time at different frequencies. According to the processor working power at different frequencies recorded in the powerprofile file, the working time is multiplied by the corresponding power consumption, and then the power consumption is accumulated to obtain the final total power consumption of the processor. The processor power calculation model is shown in formula (2), n is the number of frequency points supported by processor, and the meanings of all parameters in the formula are given in Table 2.

Wake lock is a set of mechanisms provided by Android framework layer. Application can control Android device state through this mechanism. Device state mainly refers to the opening and closing of the screen and the processor keeping running. Generally, as long as an application holds the lock, the processor cannot enter the sleep state and is always in working state. To calculate the power consumption of wake-up lock, we need to count the working time of wake-up lock and multiply it by its working power to get the final total power consumption of wake-up lock; the power calculation model is shown in formula (3), WakeLockSumPower is the total power of wake lock, wakeLockTime is the working time of wake lock, and wakeLockPower is the working power of wake lock.3.2.4. Power Consumption of the Wi-Fi

There are usually two ways to calculate the power consumption of wireless network. The first method is to calculate the power consumption based on the working time in three different working states, namely, standby mode, data transmission mode, and data receiving mode. The second calculation model estimates the data transmission power consumption of wireless network according to the number of sending and receiving packets and the power consumption of single packet. In addition, the power consumption of wireless network standby and network scanning is used to calculate the total power consumption of wireless network. Since the Wi-Fi activity attribute needs to be queried when the first method is used for calculation, the default value of this attribute is false. In this paper, we use the second calculation model to calculate the power consumption of Wi-Fi, the Wi-Fi power calculation model is shown in formula (4), and the meanings of all parameters in the formula are given in Table 3.

Bluetooth power consumption statistics need to count the power consumption of sending data, receiving data, and standby time of Bluetooth to get the final total power consumption; detailed calculation model of power consumption of the Bluetooth is shown in formula (5), and the meanings of all parameters are given in Table 4.

The power consumption of mobile radio is divided into two cases. In the first case, when tracking signal is active, the power consumption is obtained by multiplying the activity time and the power of mobile network. In the second case, when there is no tracking signal, the power consumption of mobile network is obtained by multiplying the number of packets and the power consumption of a single packet; detailed calculation model of power consumption of the mobile radio network is shown in formula (6), and the meanings of all parameters are given in Table 5.

The power consumption of camera needs to count the camera’s working time and its working power, and the two are multiplied to get the final total power consumption of the camera; detailed calculation model of power consumption of camera is shown in formula (7): CameraSumPower is the total power consumption of camera, cameraOnTime is working time of camera, and cameraOnPower is the power of camera in working state.3.2.8. Power Consumption of the Flashlight

The power consumption of flashlight needs to count the flashlight’s working time and its working power, and the two are multiplied to get the final total power consumption of the flashlight; detailed calculation model of power consumption of flashlight is shown in formula (8): FlashlightSumPower is the total power consumption of flashlight, flashlightOnTime is working time of flashlight, and flashlightOnPower is the power of flashlight in working state.3.2.9. Power Consumption of the Screen

The power consumption of screen can be divided into two situations according to the type of terminal screen. The first is power consumption of LCD screen and the second is power consumption of OLED screen. LCD screen is composed by backlight panel and LCD screen; thus, the power consumption of LCD screen is the sum of backlight power consumption and LCD power consumption, so the power of the screen in full-brightness state, dark state, dim state, medium-brightness state, and light state needed to be obtained; then the total power consumption of the screen is determined by the power consumption in the five states. The power consumption of OLED screen has no backlight, only the power consumption of OLED panel; thus the power consumption of OLED screen needs to count the working time and power under different brightness of OLED screen, and the multiplication of the two is the total power consumption of the screen. Detailed power consumption model of the LCD screen is shown in formula (9) and formula (10) demonstrates power consumption model of OLED screen; the meanings of all parameters are given in Table 6.

In the process of power consumption statistics, for the power item whose power source cannot be accurately confirmed, it will not be included in the total power consumption of application, such as screen power in split screen mode of Android terminal; more than one application occupies the screen at the same time and also generates screen power consumption; at this time, the power consumption of each application screen cannot be accurately calculated. Therefore, this kind of power consumption is classified as hidden power consumption. There are usually three items marked as hidden power consumption, which are power consumption of mobile screen, power consumption of mobile radio, and power consumption of mobile phone in standby state. If we want to divide this power consumption into different applications, we could only divide the total hidden power consumption to each application in proportion according to the ratio of the total power consumption recorded by application and the total remaining power consumption. The total hidden power consumption of the system is the power consumption of all unidentified sources from the time when the system is started until the current time. In order to ensure the universality of the system power consumption model and the subsequent system comparative analysis, the hidden power consumption is separated from the total application power consumption by referring to the power consumption statistical models of other mobile phone manufacturers, and the hidden power consumption is not included in the total application power consumption temporarily. Detailed calculation model of hidden power consumption of application is shown in formula (11): hiddenPowerMah is total hidden power consumption of the system, totalPowerMah is total power consumption of the application, and totalRemainingPower is total remaining power consumption of the system.

As the realization of power consumption tool in this paper requires system root authority, most Android terminal manufacturers have blocked the root permission of the terminal. It is not recommended that Android users root their own devices to make the devices run in an unsafe state. Therefore, the ultimate design goal of this tool is to integrate into ROM as a system application. Our power consumption tool requires the battery of Android intelligent terminal_stats permission and dump permission, allowing applications to obtain the underlying information of terminal.

In the specific implementation, based on the Android system source code, the Bluetooth and hidden power consumption of the system which are not calculated in original source code are counted in our tool. It can be seen from system design in Section 3.1 that the power consumption model calculation layer is the core part of the power model in this paper, and the power consumption calculation model of each component in the power calculation model layer completes the calculation of the power consumption information of processes of all the applications. All the power consumption calculation functions are shown in Table 7 and different calculation functions correspond to different component power consumptions. The batterystats class records the running time of Android intelligent terminal in different states, including the statistics of wake-up lock and system wake-up times under locked screen, call duration, standby state, no data connection state, different signal states, different screen states, and other information. According to the information of the original information layer, the power computing layer can calculate the power of hardware based on the information and the time information.

The power calculator calculates the power consumption according to the information obtained from the bottom layer and stores the statistical information in batterysipper. Batterysipper stores the corresponding power consumption according to the uid of the application; batterystats also provides access to battery usage statistics, including information on wake locks, processes, packages, and services. The class of BatteryEntry stores the package name and the icon corresponding to the application, which wraps the power data. The system source code implementation folder mainly contains the data layer of alarm, app usage, network usage, and other statistical information. The internal package contains the batterysipper class, which is the underlying model layer of application power consumption, kernelutil is a class that identifies the state of the system, the location package contains the class for obtaining the system location, the nameutils package contains the class for obtaining the name and icon of the application, the networkutils package contains the class of network statistics, the privateapiproxies package contains the original data model of various statistical data, the shellutils package contains classes to execute shell commands, the utils package mainly contains the classes for common use, and the wifi package contains the class for obtaining screen lock information.

In order to verify our power consumption monitor tool, we use different types of Xiaomi and Samsung to test the tool and perform comparison with the power consumption data of Xiaomi original model and actual measurement. We evaluate our tool by using KA3005P DC power supply to provide stable and controllable voltage for the computer, and then we leverage HOIKI 3334 power measuring instrument to measure instantaneous power consumption and cumulative power consumption of the terminal.

As shown in Table 8, the configuration of Xiaomi terminal (Mi 9 Pro 5G) used in the test is listed. Due to space limitation, configuration information of other terminals is not provided. In order to verify the accuracy and precision of our power consumption model, HIOKI 3334 measurement instrument is used to measure the power consumption of intelligent devices. The actual measured power consumption value is compared with the power consumption model proposed in this paper and the Xiaomi original power consumption model. During measurement, HIOKI 3334 is connected to the interface between the battery and the terminal of the mobile device, so as to realize the real-time measurement of the voltage and current of the intelligent terminal when running the tool; HIOKI 3334 can not only record the voltage and current of the intelligent terminal in real time but also record the instantaneous power of the device to be tested and the accumulated power consumption in a period of time.

The interface of our tool is presented in Figure 2; Figure 1(a) is the main interface of our tool. Power consumption information of each application in the system is displayed as a list. The pie chart on the right side of the list shows the percentage of current application power consumption occupying the total system power consumption, and the user can click any application to display the detailed power consumption information of the application, as shown in Figure 2(c). Figure 2(b) shows the power consumption statistical ranking list of Xiaomi native power consumption model, which only shows the application name and power consumption information in the system. Figure 2(c) shows the detailed power consumption information of the application, including the running time of the application, the detailed power consumption information of each sub-power-consumption model, and the total power consumption information; through this figure, users can intuitively understand the detailed composition of power consumption of the application. Figure 2(d) shows the power consumption curve, wake-up lock, bright screen, and charging change of the system. The electric quantity curve shows the electric quantity loss in the form of broken line graph, with the horizontal axis as the time and the vertical axis as charge of the system. There are only two states in the vertical axis of wake-up lock, bright screen, and charging, and the horizontal axis is time: for the vertical axis of wake-up lock is wake-up and sleep, for the screen is the bright screen and the rest screen, and for the charging is charging and not charging. The main domain of the software includes black and white themes, and the default is white theme. If the user wants to switch, they can switch through the software settings; the black theme can reduce the irritation to eyes when users use it at night.

Different interface of our tool and Xiaomi native power tool. (a) Main interface. (b) Interface of Xiaomi. (c) Detailed information. (d) Battery graph.

Figure 3 shows the power data comparison of our tool, model of Xiaomi native system, and the measured data of HIOKI 3334. In order to ensure the effectiveness and accuracy of the measurement, the two statistical applications are run repeatedly in a period of time, the running data of multiple runs are recorded and the average value is calculated, and the system is in the same state during each measurement. Figure 3 shows the power consumption comparison of the three measurement methods in a period of time interval when the terminal is tested for 20 times. For the application of WebChat, the error between the monitored power consumption value and the actual measurement value is 4.21%, and the measurement error with the original power model is 1.63%; for the second application, the error between the monitored value and the actual measurement value is 5.95%, and the measurement error is 0% with the original power consumption model; and, for the third application QQ, the error of the monitored value and the actual measurement value is 5.62%, and the error is 1.9% compared with the Xiaomi original power consumption model. The fourth application Alipay shows that the error between the monitored value and the actual measurement value is 4.08%, and the error between the monitored value and the Xiaomi original power consumption model is 0%. For the fifth application program MIUI, the error between the monitored value and the actual measurement value is 4.71%, and the error with the Xiaomi original power model is 4.71%. For the sixth application, the error between the monitored value and the actual measurement value is 2.18%, and the error with the Xiaomi original power model is 0.49%; for the seventh application, the error between the monitored value and the actual measured value is 2.16%, and the error with Xiaomi original power consumption model is 0%.

Through the measurement and analysis of seven applications, the error between the monitored value of our power consumption model and the actual measured value is 4.22%, and the error between the monitored value and the Xiaomi original power consumption model is 0.81%. Through the test of multiple terminals and multiple groups of applications, the error between the power consumption monitoring tool and the actual measurement is less than 5%. At the same time, the power consumption of the tool in this paper is low when collecting power consumption data, which has no impact on the operation of the system and other applications. Ordinary users can have a timely and comprehensive understanding of the power information of the application in the system and help Android application developers to optimize the power consumption of the application.

This paper presents a tool monitoring the power consumption of the intelligent terminal on the Android platform, and the power consumption model provided by Android is improved, especially the Bluetooth power consumption and hidden power consumption of the system and the detailed power consumption model is given. The power consumption statistics tool is designed and implemented in three layers: original information statistics layer, power calculation model layer, and power application layer. Finally, Xiaomi 9 Pro is used as the real test environment, and, compared with the actual measured value, the statistical error of our power consumption tool realized in this paper is less than 5%, which shows that the power consumption model and power consumption statistics tool in this paper meet actual needs, and it is helpful to understand the application power consumption information of intelligent terminal and optimize the terminal power consumption.

Before we get into the details of power consumption, let"s explain how we test for power consumption. We plug the TV into a Kill-A-Watt meter which measures the wattage. We display our checkerboard test pattern in SDR after calibration with local dimming disabled, and we record the power consumption. This is supposed to give an idea of everyday usage, but since everyone"s consumption is different, it"s simply an estimate. As for the max consumption, we set the TV in HDR with the checkerboard pattern, which sets the brightness to the max and enables local dimming, and we record the wattage in this situation.

Now that we have that out of the way, let"s talk about power consumption. Most modern TVs don"t take up much power as technologies such as LED and OLED have brought television power usages down a fair margin. Gone are the days of inefficient CRTs and plasma sets that could run up electricity costs by a good amount or even overheat.

Along with developments in technology that have allowed for more energy-efficient TVs, other new advances need more power, like HDR, which requires TVs to get brighter. Larger TV sizes are also becoming more popular, so they need more power than smaller TVs, even if they use the same technology. However, even then, TVs still don"t require a whole lot of power to function, and they won"t be burning a hole into your wallet when you get your utility bill.

TVs that require more power also get hotter. For most 4k TVs, this isn"t too much of a problem, but we"ve noticed 8k TVs get hot. If you have a TV that gets hot, it"s best to avoid placing it in a hot room and allow for good air ventilation around it. This shouldn"t be much of a problem in the winter because it may actually help heat your room, but you can end up spending more on air conditioning to cool it down in the summer. Then again, most 4k TVs won"t get hot enough to make a big difference in the winter or summer.

As you can see in this chart plotting TVs from 2016 and 2017, there"s a definite link between size and power consumption. Some features, such as full-array local dimming, are more costly, both to build and use. They require more LEDs than standard direct-lit and edge-lit type LCD TVs, but this isn"t represented in the chart. OLEDs have been consistently more power-hungry than the average LED models. In both cases, it"s not a ton of power, especially compared to older plasma TVs that often consumed twice as much as even the hungriest LEDs and OLEDs.

This chart above is a bit old now, so don"t look at the data points, but the trends still apply under our latest Test Bench 1.6 with 2020 and 2021 TVs. Out of our 4k TVs that we"ve tested, the TVs that require the most power in SDR are generally OLEDs. Seven of the ten most power-hungry TVs are OLEDs, and the three LEDs in the top 10 are 65, 75, and 85 inches. Larger TVs still require more power than smaller ones, which is expected. We noticed another trend with the Max Power Consumption: the 4k TVs that require the most power are also some of brightest, which are all LEDs. Even if you get an LED TV, it doesn"t mean it will need less power than OLED if you constantly watch HDR content at its max brightness.

Another trend we notice is that 8k TVs require a lot more power than 4k TVs. This makes sense because 8k TVs have four times the pixels as 4k TVs, so they need more energy to power. When testing 8k TVs at their max consumption power, they often get too hot to touch, which we rarely notice with 4k TVs.

Not only does consumption scale with size, but it also almost perfectly scales with brightness. As you can see above, raising your brightness from minimum progressively leads to higher consumption and inevitably higher costs. Reducing the brightness to the 50% setting instead of max doesn"t exactly halve the energy use, but that"s mostly because other parts of the TV also consume some energy.

Lower the backlight setting. The backlight is by far the biggest drain on your power, and the lower you can get your backlight, the less power your TV will consume. Placing your TV in a dark or dimly lit environment will help you avoid needing a bright backlight.

A lot of TVs have a “Quick Start” feature. This usually means that they stay in standby mode when you press the power button instead of shutting off completely. Turning these features off can help, but some models also allow you to hold the power button on the remote to shut down completely.

Most TVs today feature a light sensor that can adjust the TV"s brightness to the room. Instead of having the TV constantly run at a static brightness, this feature can help reduce consumption by lowering the brightness when it isn"t needed. However, some people may not enjoy this because it constantly changes the brightness.

If you often fall asleep in front of the TV at night, make use of its sleep timer feature. This greatly reduces consumption since you"re not leaving the TV on when you"re not watching it.

Power consumption varies from TV to TV and with the type of content you watch. However, there"s a trend that larger, brighter, and 8k TVs require the most power to function. OLEDs also tend to have slightly higher energy consumption than LEDs, but not if you"re using a bright LED TV and watching HDR content. You can use our power consumption calculator above to give you an estimate of how much you"ll be spending on electricity annually, but it all depends on the type of content you watch.