printers display screens and speakers are __________ devices pricelist

The original computer monitors utilized cathode-ray tube (CRT) technology. These monitors are still found, but primarily on older computers. CRT monitors were heavy and required considerable desktop space. It is possible to purchase a CRT monitor today, but you will find them primarily on resale or older overstock sites. Purchase of a new desktop now comes only with the newer technology—either liquid crystal display (LCD) or light-emitting diode (LED) and Organic Light Emitting Diode (OLED). We will not focus on the differences in the technology here. Rather, we will focus on the options you have when purchasing a monitor and some of the performance issues involved.

If you are purchasing a laptop PC, your choice of monitor is restricted primarily to size of the unit because the monitor is part of the system case. If you are purchasing a desktop PC or even a monitor that you will link to your laptop, there are some choices beyond size that are available to you. The size of a monitor display is the diagonal measurement from one corner to its opposite. The actual screen display might be a bit less than that, however. Here are some things to consider:

LCD vs. LED monitors. Both types of monitors use backlight to produce the image. LCD monitors use fluorescent light. LED and OLED monitors, which use light-emitting diodes, are considered an advancement over LCD technology.

LED monitors have better picture sharpness and brightness, and the colors are more realistic. LED monitors light-emitting similar to small light bulbs. OLED are light-emitting dioxides across surfaces when supplied by a current. (LED LCD vs. OLED: TV Display Technologies Compared

How much desktop space do you have? Monitors standard sizes range from 17 to 19 inches. Computer users who multi task often utilize dual monitors in use at the same time. Larger monitors are available for purchase.

Mia is equipping her first home office area. She would use a computer for communicating with friends and doing some online research. She has visited the local technology store and looked at monitors and thinks that a standard-sized monitor would be sufficient for her work. Her budget is limited, so she needs to be attentive to the cost of the system. Which type of monitor would you recommend for Mia?

Any peripheral that accepts data from a computer and prints, projects, or reproduces it is known as an output device. The output may be audio, video, hard copy – printed paper, etc. Output devices convert the computer data to human understandable form.

We give input to the computer using input devices and the computer performs operations on the data and displays the output to the user using the output device.

A computer’s principal output device is a monitor, often known as a Visual Display Unit (VDU). It displays the processed data like text, images, videos, audios, etc. It makes images by arranging microscopic dots in a rectangular pattern, known as pixels. The sharpness of an image is determined by the number of pixels. There are two types of monitor viewing screens:

(1) Cathode-Ray Tube (CRT):This type of monitor is based on a cathode ray tube. In which the cathode ray tube generates a beam of electrons with the help of electron guns they strike on the inner surface of phosphorescent of the screen to generate images. The CRT monitor holds millions of phosphorus dotes in three different colors, i.e., red, blue, and green. These dots glow when the beam struck on them and create an image. The main parts of the CRT monitor are the electron gun, fluorescent screen, glass envelope, deflection plate assembly, and base.

(2) Display on a Flat Panel Monitor with a Cathode-Ray Tube (CRT): A flat-panel display is a type of video display with less volume, weight, and power consumption than a CRT. They can be put on the wrist or hang on the wall. Calculators, video games, monitors, laptop computers, and graphical displays all use flat-panel displays.

(3) Plasma Monitor:It is also a flat panel display but it is based on plasma display technology. In a plasma monitor, a small cell is present in between two glass surfaces and these cells contain a solution of noble gases and mercury. So when the electricity supply on the gas present in the cell converts into plasma and produces UV light that creates an image. It is much better than an LCD monitor. The resolution of this monitor is also high up to 1920 x 1920. It has a good contrast ratio, high refresh rate, etc.

Printers are information output devices that allow you to print data on paper. Or in other words, it is an output device that creates a hard copy of the processed data or information. Printers are divided into two categories:

(1) Impact Printer:In impact printers, characters are printed on the ribbon, which is then smashed on the paper. Or we can say that such type of printer uses a print head or hammer to print the data on the paper. Here to print the paper the hammer or print head strikes an ink ribbon against the paper and the character starts printing. Some of the types of impact printers are:Dot matrix printer

(2) Non-Impact Printers:Non-impact printers print characters without the use of a ribbon. These printers are often known as Page Printers because they print a full page at a time. Some of the types of non-impact printers are:Laser printer

A plotter is a device that prints high-quality graphics in a variety of color formats. It works in a similar way to a printer, although it has more advanced features. It is used to print large maps, architectural drawings, large-format printing, and create pictures, 3D postcards, advertising signs, charts, and various designs of the internal structure of building machines, as well as create pictures, 3D postcards, advertising signs, charts, and various designs of the internal structure of building machines.

A projector is a device that allows users to project their output onto a large area, such as a screen or a wall. It can be used to project the output of a computer and other devices onto a screen. It magnifies texts, photos, and movies using light and lenses. As a result, it’s an excellent output device for giving presentations or teaching big groups of people.

A small projector mounted on a back shelf or bookcase, or mounted on the ceiling, takes up no area on the floor. It is barely visible when it is not in use.

Speakers are connected to computers to allow sound to be output. For the working of speakers, sound cards are required. From simple two-speaker output devices to surround-sound multi-channel sets, speakers come in a variety of shapes and sizes. They take audio input from the computer’s sound card and output sound waves as audio output.

To hear the sound, use earbuds with your PC, laptop, or smartphone. It enables you to hear the sound without causing any inconvenience to others. To translate electronic signals into sounds without causing inconvenience to others. They can be wired or wireless and can be connected to computers, laptops, mobile phones, etc. They are connected with the devices via Bluetooth.

Sound cards are computer output devices that are inserted into the computer. A sound card, either external or internal, is required to produce sound on any computer (built-in). An external sound card enables for better overall sound generation and is required for wide and clear sound recording, as well as sound without noise and interference.

Characteristics of Sound Card:To listen speakers or headphones, to play games, watch movies, listen to music, or use audio and video conferencing, we use an internal sound card.

Synthesizers and a variety of electronic musical instruments, such as drums and keyboards, can be connected to your computer using a sound card with standard Musical Instrument Digital Interface (MIDI) connections.

An extension card via which a computer can transfer graphical data to a video display device like a TV, projector, or monitor. It processes photos and video, as well as other functions that the CPU generally does. As they have a good processing capability and video RAM, Gamers utilize video cards.

A speech synthesizer is a computerized device that takes in data, interprets it, and generates audible words. It might be a computer card, a box connected by a cable, or software that works with the computer’s sound card.

The Global Positioning System (GPS) is a radio-based satellite navigation system that uses radio signals to pinpoint a specific position. The sender sends a radio signal to satellites, which collect data such as time, location, speed, and other variables and deliver it to the reception computer for analysis. Because this processed data can be evaluated to obtain information, it is considered as an output device.

Prices are very reasonable for basic projectors, however, a data projector capable of showing cinema films or sports footage in a bar are far more expensive.

These tiny mirrors are carefully in sync with the colour wheel, turning towards or away from the RGB light as and when it is needed, thousands of times per second. So, if part of the projected image requires no red light, they face away from the light when the colour wheel filter is allowing red light through.

Because the bulk of the action happens in the high-tech ink cartridges, they are priced quite highly in relation to the price of the actual printers (which are often very affordable).

A laser removes the negative charge from certain areas of the drum as it scans across it, creating a neutrally charged copy of the text/image to be printed.

Using a method called additive manufacturing, 3D objects are created by layering a material, layer by layer, from the ground up until the object is completed.

A 3D cutter is similar to a 2D cutter except it is capable of rotating and cutting at many angles. This means that 3D objects can have cuts made to all of its surfaces, unlike 2D cutters that can only cut into a flat 2D surface.

Speakers and headphones aren’t just for music, they also allow us to hear computer warning signals and other people when communicating via voice or video calls.

Actuators are the output devices responsible for creating real world movement. This could range from physically opening automatic shop doors to lowering the landing gears on a plane.

They are often used in a computerised control system, acting upon a signal sent by the microprocessor. Actuators include electric motors, pistons and pumps.

These could be standard 2D printers, reproducing text or images on a piece of paper. More recently, this category has been expanded to include 3D printers outputs - which create entire physical objects based on digital models and instructions. Of course, this latter category is a little more complicated than standard 2D printers.

Plotters are another type of output device. Unless you work in the engineering or architectural sector, it is unlikely that you"ll be regularly using these, but they are vital within these fields for converting vector images into physical diagrams. They come in the form of a large machine ‘arm’, which holds a pen (or sometimes a craft knife), which then uses specific instructions to mark a material such as paper in order to sketch out an exact diagram. This is particularly important for cases where precision and accuracy are vital, such as a blueprint.

Of course, there are too many output devices to cover in just one article. Alternatives to those listed above include haptic feedback devices, which convey information to users through motion, vibration, or force — think your phone’s vibrations, or the rumble of a gaming controller. Haptic feedback is also being trialled for use in virtual reality controllers, to pair the physical sensation of touch with the visual stimulation provided by the headset itself.

Braille readers are another example of an output device, bridging the gap between monitors and physical output devices by allowing visually-impaired users to read text by way of physical output. This is usually achieved through the use of round-tipped pins raised through holes, to simulate braille markings as the cursor is moved across text.

Virtually growing up in a computer repair shop, Naomi Bolton has held a passion for as long as she can remember. After earning a diploma through a four year course in graphic design from Cibap College, Bolton launched her own photography business. Her work has been featured on Blinklist, Gameramble and many others.

The main functioning of a computer system is based on the combined usage of both input and output devices. Utilizing an input device, a user can give directions to the computer to run and the device reverts to the user’s action through an output device. Let’s understand first what is an input unit and output unit.

This part of the computer encapsulates devices with the help of which the user feeds data to the computer. It creates an interface between the user and the computer. The input devices transform the information into a form acceptable by the computer.

This part of the computer encapsulates devices with the help of which the user receives the information from the computer. Output devices transform the output from the computer into a form understandable by the users.

Through this article Input and Output Devices, we shall review the various input and output devices which can be attached to a computer, along with their functions.

A piece of hardware/equipment that enables the user to enter data into a computer is called an input device. Some of the Commonly used input units used in a computer system are as follows:Keyboard

The keyboard is the most basic and very commonly used input device which helps to input data to the computer. The layout of the buttons in a normally used keyboard is similar to the traditional typewriter, but there are a few additional keys provided by different manufacturers for performing additional functions.

Normally available keyboards in the market were of two sizes 84 keys and 101/102 keys, but now keyboards with 104 keys or 108 keys are also possible for Windows and Internet.

These buttons are used to input the numeric data or cursor movement. Normally, it consists of a set of 17 keys that are placed out in a similar configuration practiced by most additional machines and calculators.

The 12 function keys are provided on the keyboard which is arranged in a row at the top of the keyboard. Each of these keys has a different function and is applied for some specific task.

These buttons are used for cursor and screen control. It also adds four directional arrow keys. Following are also included in control keys: Home, End, Delete, Insert, Page Up, Page Down, Control (Ctrl), Escape (Esc)Alternate (Alt).

It is the most commonly used pointing device. It is a very famous cursor-control device and the earlier versions of it were built over a small palm-size box with a round ball at its base, which tracks the movement of the mouse and feeds digital signals to the CPU when the mouse buttons are pressed. Currently, the mouse has a sensor at the bottom to detect cursor position.

Basic versions if it has two buttons called the left and the right-click button and a wheel is present between the buttons to provide a scroll function. The movement of the mouse on a flat surface is used to control the position of the cursor on the display, but it cannot be used to feed text into the system directly.

Just like a mouse, a Joystick is also a pointing device, which is used to travel the cursor position on a display. It is a perpendicular stick having a spherical ball at both lower and upper ends. The spherical ball connected at the circuit having sensors moves in a socket. The joystick controller can be traversed in all directions.

Just like a pen, a light pen is a digital pointing device. This device is used to select an item displayed in the menu or to draw anything on the display. It contains a photocell and an optical sensor placed in a small tube at the tip.

When the light pen tip is traveled on the display, its photocell sensing element calculates the screen location and sends the digital signal to the CPU.

The trackball is another type of input device similar to the mouse. It is most helpful with a notebook or laptop computer, instead of a mouse. It consists of a ball on the top which is half inserted and connected to the sensors. By moving fingers on the ball, the cursor can be moved.

Because the whole device is not moved to move the cursor, a trackball requires less space as compared to the mouse. This device comes in different shapes like a ball, a square, or a button.

The scanner captures high-resolution images from the source which are then converted into a digital format that can be saved on the disk and shared digitally. These digital images can be edited before they are printed.

Digitizer is also called Tablet or Graphics Tablet because it transforms graphics and pictorial data into binary inputs to the system. A special kind of graphic tablet as a digitizer is used for fine works of drawing and image-related applications.

A microphone or mic is a very common input device used to input sound that is then stored in a digital form. Nowadays microphones are used in almost every industry and devices related to sound recording or transmission.

The microphone is used for different applications like adding sound to a multimedia presentation or for mixing music, voice calling and recording, video conferencing, and more.

The MICR input device is commonly seen in banks as there are a huge amount of cheques to be processed every day. The important details like the bank’s code number and cheque number are printed on the cheques with specially designed ink based on the particles of magnetic material that is readable by the sensors of the machine.

This method of reading is recognized as Magnetic Ink Character Recognition (MICR). The main benefits of using MICR are that it is comparatively fast and less prone to errors.

It is an input device that is used to read a printed text similar to the scanner, but the method of reading and the type of output generated is different. The format to be fed to the OCR is predefined and can’t be used as an ordinary scanner.

OCR, unlike a scanner, scans the text optically, character by character, converts them into a machine-readable digital code instead of creating high-resolution images, and stores the text on the system memory.

Bar Code Reader is an input device used to read special format barcoded data (data in the form of light and dark lines). Barcoded data is commonly used to create price tags, in labeling goods, numbering the books, etc. It can be a handheld scanner or can be embedded in a stationary scanner on the tabletop.

A flash of light from the device strikes the surface of the object and reflects the sensors present behind the source of light to collect the input. Bar Code Reader can only scan a bar code image, converts it into an alphanumeric value, which is then transferred to the computer that the bar code reader is connected to.

OMR is a special type of input machine. This sort of optical scanner is used to identify the type of mark made by pen or pencil. It is used where one out of a predefined alternative is to be selected and marked.

A Webcam is a camera that is combined with a computer. Unlike a digital camera, they cannot function independently and should be connected to the computer/laptop for operation. It functions as an input device that can take pictures and is mostly used for video streaming and video conferencing or chatting.

Biometrics relates to a method in which a person is identified through his/her biological features such as fingerprints, facial structure, eye cornea, etc. It is done by using biometric devices, which can be of different types based on their scanning features and abilities, such as Face Scanner, Hand Scanner, Fingerprint Scanner, Retina or Iris Scanner, Voice Scanner, etc.

A piece of hardware/equipment that presents the result of the entered input, once it is processed, is called an output device. Several output devices display output in various ways such as images, text, hard copies, and audio/video. Following are some of the commonly used output devices used in a computer system:

Monitors or Visual Display Unit (VDU), are the primary output devices of a computer system. It generates images from tiny dots, termed pixels that are arranged in a well-defined rectangular form. The depth and sharpness of the image depend upon the number and size of the pixels.

The Cathode-Ray Tube display consists of small picture elements known as pixels. The tinier the pixels, the greater the image clarity or resolution. It requires a very large number of pixels emitting light to create a character.

A limited number of characters can be arranged on a screen at a time. The screen can be categorized into a series of character boxes – a fixed place on the screen where a standard character can be shown. The capability of earlier screens was to display 80 characters of data horizontally and 25 lines vertically.

The flat-panel display is a class of video output devices that have decreased volume, weight, and power requirement as compared to the CRT. It is possible to hang them on walls or wear them on wrists. In everyday evolving technology, uses of flat-panel displays include laptops or computers, calculators, monitors, video games, and graphics displays.

The flat-panel display is categorized into the following two categories:Emissive Displays − Emissive displays panels are output devices that transform electrical energy into light. For instance, plasma panels and LED (Light-Emitting Diodes).

Non-Emissive Displays − Non-emissive displays are based on optical effects to convert sunlight/light from some other source into graphics patterns. For example, LCD (Liquid-Crystal Device).

Character printers are the type of printers that are capable of printing only one character at a time. This states that it does not print one line at a time.

In the earlier days, one of the most commonly practiced printers was the Dot Matrix Printer. These printers were used commonly because of their ease of usage, printing, and affordable printing price. Every character to be printed on paper is created by rearranging a matrix of metallic pins of size (5×7, 7×9, 9×7, or 9×9) at a very fast speed which comes out to create a character which is why it is known as the Dot Matrix Printer.

IN this type of printer the Head is fixed on a wheel and pins creating characters are like petals of Daisy (flower) that is why it is identified as Daisy Wheel Printer. These printers are generally used for word-processing tasks in offices that demand a very low number of letters to be sent here and there with very nice quality.

The head of this printer is in the form of a drum, which is why it is identified as a drum printer. The printing drum surface is divided into several tracks which are equivalent to the size of the paper. For instance, if a paper is of the width of 200 characters, then the drum will have 200 tracks. A fixed character set is embossed on the track which cannot be altered by any means.

To use a different character set, a different drum needs to be purchased like the one with the 48 character set, or the 64 and 96 characters set. A single rotation of the drum containing permanent characters prints a single line. These printers offer fast printing speed and can print 300 to 2000 lines per minute.

In this type of printer, a chain consisting of the character set is used, that is why it is identified as a Chain Printer, or in other words a Chain printer is a line printer that applies a rotating chain to print characters. The predefined-standard character set can have 48, 64, or 96 characters.

Non-impact printers do not hit the paper with any embossed character-containing instrument. These printers can print a complete page all at once, this is the reason why they are also known as Page Printers.

These are very commonly used these days and are a type of non-impact page printer. They use laser lights to charge the metallic drum in the shape of characters or objects to be printed, which attracts powdered ink. Then this drum is pressed over the page to create printed output.

Inkjet printers are also very commonly used printers these days. They use ink cartridges to print characters by spraying small drops of ink in a very precise manner onto the paper. Inkjet printers are very versatile and can produce relatively high-quality output with presentable features.

They make very little noise as compared to other printers because no hammering is done and these have many different modes of printing. Using these printers, color printing is also possible. Some advanced and newer models of Inkjet printers are capable enough to produce multiple number copies of printing also.

A projector is an optical output device that can take images produced by a computer and project or present them onto a screen or surface called a projector. In the older version of projectors, images were created by shining the light through a small transparent lens on the projector; however, the new version of projectors uses laser technology for the same. Projectors are most commonly used in offices, classrooms, auditoriums, theatres to watch presentations, videos, or pictures generated from a computer or laptop.

Computer speakers are the most popular output devices used with a computer to listen to sound. These speakers receive audio as input either in analog or digital form and generate sound as an output. With the advancement of technology, speakers are now available with wireless and BlueTooth facilities as well.

The headphones or earphones or headsets are hardware output tools that are either plugged into the computer or can be wireless. They offer the same function as a speaker, the only difference is the frequency of sound. With speakers, the sound can be detected over a larger distance while utilizing headphones, the sound is only audible to the individual using them. Headphones are available in multiple shapes and sizes.

Simply one can understand Input is data that a computer takes, on the other hand, the output is data that a computer transfers. Computers only work with digital information.

Computer output devices obtain information from the computer and transmit data that has been processed by the computer to the user. Output devices provide data in multiple forms, like audio, visual, and hard copy media.

Input devices: Keyboard, Mouse, JoyStick, Light pen, Track Ball, Scanner, Graphic Tablet, Microphone, Magnetic Ink Card Reader (MICR), Optical Character Reader (OCR) and more.

You know, none of these are really easy choices. If it"s just you working on the system, the decisions might be simple, but if you have to consider others" opinions, not so much. Let"s start with the monitor. We use this to view the work we"re doing at the time or to view a finished product. We may also use it to view videos or photos we"ve taken or found online.

Monitors come in many sizes and descriptions. To make the best decision, you should ask yourself what you"ll be doing the most with your computer. Are you just writing papers or creating presentations? Are you surfing the Internet? Are you playing games once in a while? Are they games that are not intensive in graphics? Are you making and editing videos for fun - or for a profession?

If you can keep it simple, the standard monitor is for you. If you"re playing games with intensive graphics, making videos or working with digital photographs or art, you may want a high-definition monitor. If you"re going to use a computer as your home entertainment system, you can find one that is TV-ready as well.

The size of the monitor you use truly depends on your preference. Things to consider are your eyesight, who else will be using it and the distance the monitor will be sitting away from you (assuming you go with a desktop unit, not a laptop). There are monitor sizes ranging from 7 inches as a supplementary peripheral, but normal monitors range from a 17-inch diagonal to a monster 55-inch diagonal! You could comfortably surf from the couch in the living room with a monitor this size.

Monitors are created with LCD (liquid crystal display) or LED (light-emitting diode). LCDs have layers of glass, polarized film and liquid crystals. You get electrical impulses sent through, and this causes the color to be shown and image to be displayed. LED monitors take the LCD one step further. They put a diode on the back that forces light through the layers for a sharper picture and better colors. It is said that LED monitors will last longer than LCD monitors.

Have you decided which one you want to go with? Don"t forget, you"ve also got touchscreen monitors available should you have a use for them. The most practical use of a touchscreen monitor for consumer and professional use would be to someone with a physical disability.

The next difficult decision to make will be the printer that will work best for you. Printers are used to create a tangible product to look at away from a monitor. For consumer use there are two kinds to choose from: the inkjet and the laser printer.

The inkjet printer uses a liquid ink that"s sprayed through a print head onto a piece of paper. How? Simply put, the printer interprets the signal from the computer and converts it to instructions that go through the print head. Inkjet printers are typically inexpensive to purchase, although the replacement ink can be costly and add up.

Laser printers use heat technology and specialized powder called toner or another medium (I"ve seen it with wax - it looked like crayons) that"s heat-sealed onto a piece of paper. Laser printers are somewhat expensive, though they"ve come down in cost as the technology has increased.

Both types are often available as mono-color (or black-only printer), full-color or an all-in-one printer. An all-in-one printer typically has a printer, a copier and a scanner. Some still have a fax feature as well.

You should ask yourself how much you"ll be printing and how often. If you don"t print too much, the inkjet printer may be for you. One disadvantage, though, to not printing often with an inkjet printer is that the print head can actually plug up, dry out and then not work. If you print frequently or in large quantities, you may find yourself purchasing ink quite often. Ink varies in price but ranges between $9 and $25 for about 250 sheets of text-only in black ink. The toner for laser printers seems prohibitive but usually will print up to 5000 sheets of paper per cartridge. These toners are between $80-$100 a unit.

An example of typical usage: several years ago I bought a mono-laser printer (actually, it was an all-in-one) for about $170. It was used to create syllabi for seven different classes and hand-outs for most of those classes, for my daughter to write papers for her high school classes and for my son (who discovered SpongeBob on the Internet and printed out hundreds of coloring sheets), and I prepared at least 60 tax returns in that season. The one toner cartridge lasted more than a year.

Speakers are used to emit audio signals that may come from music files or other audio files. Many pre-constructed computers come with external speakers. All come with internal speakers. Usually, the external speakers included are more than good enough for sound quality, whether you"re watching YouTube videos or playing a movie in your DVD player. There are people who prefer a little more bump in their audio output, however. Speakers are available in surround-sound systems that rival a home system. How loud you want your system to be is up to you. The higher-quality the sound system, the more expensive it will be.

Many computers now support Bluetooth technology. You can connect to Bluetooth-enabled speakers and set them up without the need for additional cables or connections!

You don"t have to pick all of these output devices for your computer system, but it is important to remember that monitors are output devices that let us see what we"re working on as we are working on it as well as to get a feel for what the finished product looks like.

Speakers are fun to shop for. They"re an audio output device allowing the transmission of sound files so the user can hear them. You can pick out how loud you want your system to be and find the sound package that works for you.

Certainly, you must have seen or heard about a mouse, keyboard, touchpad, monitor, printers, speaker, scanners, etc. However, a few of them come under Input devices and some of them come under output devices.

Input Devices:Computer related input devices including Keyboard, Mouse, Touchpad, TrackPoint, Scanner, Microphone, Digital Cameras, Barcode reader, Joystick, Webcam, etc.

A computer keyboard includes a set of alphabets (A-Z), numbers (0-9), symbols and function keys. The computer keyboard type should be PS/2 (5-Pin DIN or 6-Pin DIN), USB (Universal Serial Bus), Wireless.

A touchpad is most commonly found on computer laptops (computer brand doesn’t matter). Touchpad allows you to use all the features as you do with a computer mouse.

Scanner:A scanner is an electronic and input device that allows user to scan any document, images, etc. and convert them to digital formats that you can see on your computer screen.

Microphone: Also, known as its common name Mic. Basically Microphone converts your voice/sound into electrical signals and you will get an output on connected speakers.

Digital Cameras: A Digital Camera allows users to take pictures using digital technology in cameras. You can click and take photographs/pictures of anything that you have focused on.

Barcode Reader:A Barcode Reader is an input device and also known as Barcode Scanner is a hand held device. It is an electronic device that can read barcodes printed on any product, etc.

Projector: A projector is a hardware device that you can connect to computer desktop/laptop using HDMI or VGA cable (depending on compatibility) to project your computer display on a large screen.

Speakers: The computer speaker is an output device because you are getting sound from it whenever you play any online or offline music, video or anything that has sound in it.

Describe the uses of speakers and headsets Identify the different types of display devices Identify the purpose of data projectors, fax machines, and multifunction devices Describe factors that affect the quality of a monitor Explain how a terminal is both an input and output device Identify output options for physically challenged users Identify monitor ergonomic issues Explain the differences among various types of printers Next p. 6.2

Consists of characters that create words, sentences, and paragraphs What is a graphic? Also called a graphical image A digital representation of non-text information such as a drawing, chart, and photograph Next p Fig. 6-1

Music, speech, or any other sound Consists of full-motion images that are played back a various speeds Most video also has accompanying audio What is video? Next p. 6.3 Fig. 6-1

An output device that visually conveys text, graphics, and video information Information on a display device is sometimes called soft copy Next p. 6.4

Display Devices What are the parts of a display device? The screen, or projection surface Components that produce the information on the screen A monitor is a separate plastic or metal case that houses the screen Most mobile computers integrate the display and other components into the same physical case Click to view Web Link then click Monitors Next p. 6.4

Most display devices project information in color Monochrome means that the information displays in one color on a different color background Monochrome monitors may use gray scaling, which involves using many shades of gray from white to black to provide better contrast Next p. 6.4 Fig. 6-2

Contains a cathode ray tube (CRT), a large sealed, glass screen The screen is coated with tiny dots of phosphor material A pixel, or picture element, is a single point in an electronic image Three dots (red, blue, and green) combine to make up each pixel cathode ray tube screen CRT monitor Next p. 6.5 Fig. 6-3

15, 17, 19, 21, and 22 inches Monitor measured diagonally from one corner of the casing to the other The viewable size is the diagonal measurement of the actual viewing area provided by the monitor screen size viewable size Next p. 6.5

A type of flat-panel display Uses liquid crystals between two sheets of material to present information on a screen An electric current passes through the crystals which creates the images on the screen Next p. 6.5 Fig. 6-4

Lightweight and compact Consumes less than one-third of the power than does a CRT monitor Come in a variety of sizes Ideal for notebook and handheld computers Next p. 6.6 Fig. 6-5

A device that allows access to the Web or such as cellular telephones and pagers Uses an LCD display Many use monochrome displays to save battery power Click to view Web Link then click Web-enabled Devices Next p. 6.6 Fig. 6-6

A small, book-sized computer that uses an LCD screen Allows users to read, save, highlight, bookmark, and add notes to online text Download new book content from the Web ClearType, a new technology developed by Microsoft, used to improve the quality of reading material on LCD screens Next p. 6.7 Fig. 6-7

Motorola Created by Paul and Joseph Galvin in 1928 to make car radios Originally known as the Galvin Manufacturing Corporation Renamed Motorola, combining the ideas of motion and radio Now a formidable leader in wireless communication Click to view Web Link then click Motorola Next p. 6.6

Display Devices What are the two technologies used for LCD monitors? passive-matrix display Also called a dual-scan display Uses fewer transistors and requires less power than an active-matrix display Color often not as bright and images are best viewed when working directly in front of the display active-matrix display Also known as a thin-film transistor (TFT) display Uses a separate transistor for each color pixel Can display high-quality color that is viewable from all angles Next p. 6.8

A flat-panel display that uses gas plasma technology A layer of gas between two sheets of material When voltage is applied, the gas releases ultraviolet (UV) light that causes the pixels on the screen to glow and form an image Larger screen sizes and higher display quality than LCD, but much more expensive Next p. 6.8 Fig. 6-8

Describes the sharpness and clearness of an image Resolution of a display device stated as dots, or pixels 800 x 600 typically the standard 800 horizontal pixels 600 vertical pixels 1280 x 1024 maximum resolution of most monitors Total of 480,000 pixels on screen 2048 x 1536 maximum for high-end monitors Next p. 6.8

800x600 What is display resolution? The greater the number of pixels the display uses, the better the quality of the image As resolution increases, the images on the screen appear smaller 1024x768 Next p. 6.9 Fig. 6-9

Another factor used to measure image clarity Sometimes called pixel pitch The distance between each pixel on a display The smaller the distance between the pixels, the sharper the image Use a monitor with a dot pitch of .29 millimeters or lower to minimize eye fatigue Click to view animation Next p. 6.9

Converts digital output from the computer into an analog video signal Sends the signal through a cable to the monitor Controls how the display device produces the picture Also called a graphics card or video adapter Next p. 6.10

Display Devices Step 1 Step 2 Step 3 Step 4 Step 5 Step 1 Step 2 Step 4 Step 3 Step 1 Step 2 Step 1 Step 2 Step 3 Step 1 Step 2 Step 3 Step 4 Step 5 Step 6 Step 1 How does video travel from the processor to a CRT monitor? Step 1: The processor sends digital video data to the video card. Step 2: The video card’s digital-to-analog converter (DAC) converts the digital video data to an analog signal. Step 3: The analog signal is sent through a cable to the CRT monitor. Step 4: The CRT monitor separates the analog signal into red, green, and blue signals. Step 5: Electron guns fire the three color signals to the front of the CRT. Step 6: An image displays on the screen when the electrons hit phosphor dots on the back of the screen. Next p Fig. 6-10

The Digital Display Working Group (DDWG) is developing a standard interface for all displays The Digital Video Interface (DVI) is a new digital interface that provides connections for both CRT and LCD monitors Next p. 6.10

8-bit video card (8-bit color) Uses 8 bits to store information about each pixel Can display 256 different colors 28 = 2 x 2 x 2 x 2 x 2 x 2 x 2 x 2 = 256 colors What is bit depth? The number of bits a video card uses to store information about each pixel Also called the color depth Determines the number of colors a video card can display The greater the number of bits, the better the resulting image 24-bit video card Uses 24 bits to store information about each pixel Can display 16.7 million colors 224 = million colors Next p. 6.10

Display Devices What is needed for a monitor to display images defined by a video standard? The monitor must support the same video standard The video card must be capable of communicating appropriate signals to the monitor Both the video card and the monitor must support the video standard to generate the desired resolution and number of colors The video card must have enough memory to generate the resolution and number of colors you want to display Next p Fig. 6-12

The goal of ergonomics is to incorporate comfort, efficiency, and safety into the design of items in the workplace tilt-and-swivel base adjusts the angle of the screen to minimize neck strain and reduce glare from overhead lighting controls adjust the brightness, contrast, positioning, height, and width of images Next p. 6.11

A magnetic field that travels at the speed of light A small amount is produced by all CRT monitors All high-quality CRT monitors comply with MPR II standards A set of standards that defines acceptable levels of EMR for a monitor Sit at arm’s length from the CRT EMR is greatest on the sides and back of the CRT monitor LCD monitors do not pose this risk Next p. 6.11

Program to encourage manufacturers to create energy-efficient devices that require little power when they are not in use Developed by the United States Department of Energy (DOE) and the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Monitors and devices meeting guidelines display an ENERGY STAR® label Next p Fig. 6-13

An NTSC converter is used to convert the digital signal from the computer into an analog signal that the television set can display High-definition television (HDTV) is a type of television set that works with digital broadcasting signals Supports a wider screen and higher resolution display than a standard television set Can be used as a computer display device 1 Next p. 6.12

An output device that produces text and graphics on a physical medium such as paper or transparency film A hard copy, or printout, exists physically Two orientations portrait orientation Click to view animation landscape orientation Next p Fig. 6-14

Forms characters and graphics on a piece of paper by striking a mechanism against an ink ribbon that physically contacts the paper Generally are noisy because of this striking activity Ideal for printing multipart forms because they easily can print through many layers of paper Can withstand dusty environments, vibrations, and extreme temperatures Next p. 6.14

letter quality (LQ) Output is a quality of print acceptable for business letters Impact printers typically do not provide letter quality print near letter quality (NLQ) Slightly less clear than letter quality Used for routine jobs Next p. 6.14

Printers What is a dot-matrix printer? An impact printer that produces printed images when tiny wire pins on a print head mechanism strike an inked ribbon Most use continuous-form paper, in which each sheet of paper is connected together The pages have holes along the sides to help feed the paper through the printer Continuous-form paper Next p Fig. 6-17

When the ribbon presses against the paper, it creates dots that form characters and graphics The print head mechanism can contain 9 to 24 pins A higher number of pins means the printer prints more dots per character, which results in higher print quality Next p Fig. 6-17

Band printer prints fully-formed characters when hammers strike a horizontal, rotating band that contains shapes of numbers, letters of the alphabet, and other characters A shuttle-matrix printer moves a series of print hammers back and forth horizontally Works more like a dot-matrix printer Next p Fig. 6-18

Forms characters and graphics on a piece of paper without actually striking the paper Three common types: ink-jet printers, laser printers, thermal printers Next p. 6.15

A type of nonimpact printer that forms characters and graphics by spraying tiny drops of liquid ink onto a piece of paper Usually uses individual sheets of paper stored in a removable or stationary tray The most popular type of color printer for use in the home Click to view Web Link then click Ink-Jet Printers Next p Fig. 6-19

Step 4: As the vapor bubble collapses, fresh ink is drawn into the firing chamber. firing chamber ink dot nozzle print head Step 1: A small resistor heats the ink, causing the ink to boil and form a vapor bubble. bubble resistor Step 2: The vapor bubble forces the ink through the nozzle. nozzle ink Step 3: Ink drops onto the paper. ink paper Next p Fig. 6-21

A high-speed, high-quality nonimpact printer Usually use individual sheet of paper stored in a removable tray Can print text and graphics in very high quality resolution, ranging from 600 to 1,200 dpi Typically costs more than ink-jet printers, but are much faster Click to view Web Link then click Laser Printers Next p Fig. 6-17

Operates in a manner similar to a copy machine Creates images using a laser beam and powdered ink, called toner When toner runs out, you can replace the toner cartridge Toner cartridge prices range from $50 to $100 for about 5,000 printed pages Next p. 6.17

drum rotating mirror drum rollers rotating mirror drum rotating mirror drum rotating mirror drum Step 1: The drum rotates as gears and rollers feed a sheet of paper into the printer. Step 2: A rotating mirror deflects a low-powered laser beam across the surface of a drum. Step 3: The laser beam creates a charge that causes toner to stick to the drum Step 4: As the drum continues to rotate and press against the paper, the toner transfers from the drum to the paper. Step 5: A set of rollers uses heat and pressure to fuse the toner permanently to the paper. Next p Fig. 6-23

A page description language (PDL) tells the printer how to layout the contents of a printed page Laser printers use a PDL to process and store the entire page before they actually print it so they are sometimes called page printers Laser printers require a certain amount of memory in the device to store a page before printing PCL (Printer Control Language) Developed by Hewlett-Packard A standard printer language that supports the fonts and layout used in standard office documents PostScript Designed for complex documents with intense graphics and colors Used by professionals in the desktop publishing and graphic art fields Next p. 6.18

Hewlett-Packard Bill Hewlett and Dave Packard began the business in their garage more than 60 years ago Created the first set of corporate objectives in 1957, known as the HP Way Today noted for a range of high-quality products, including personal computers, notebook computers, scanners, and ink-jet and laser printers Click to view Web Link then click HP Next p. 6.18

Generates images by pushing electrically heated pins against heat-sensitive paper Basic thermal printers are inexpensive, but the print quality is low and the images tend to fade over time Thermal wax-transfer printer Also called a thermal transfer printer Generates rich, nonsmearing images by using heat to melt colored wax onto heat-sensitive paper Next p Fig. 6-24

Also called a thermal dye transfer printer Uses heat to transfer colored dye to specially coated paper Cost several thousand dollars Can create images that are of photographic quality Next p Fig. 6-24

Step 3: Select desired image to print, number of copies, and size of print by pushing buttons on the photo printer. Step 1: Insert media card into digital camera. Take the photograph with your digital camera. Step 2: Remove the media card from the digital camera and insert it into the card slot on the photo printer Step 4: Remove the photo from the photo printer A color printer that can produce photo lab quality pictures as well as printing everyday documents Many photo printers can read media directly from a digital camera Click to view Web Link then click Photo Printers Next p Fig. 6-25

A small printer that prints on an adhesive type material that can be placed on a variety of items Most also print bar codes Some have built-in digital scales and can print e-stamps An e-stamp, also called Internet postage, is digital postage you buy and print right from your personal computer Next p Fig. 6-26

Carly Fiorina Once a shipping department secretary Now the chairman of the board for Hewlett-Packard Focuses on improving profitability, innovation, customer service, and Internet applications Click to view Web Link then click Carly Fiorina Next p. 6.21

A small, lightweight printer that allows a mobile user to print from a notebook or handheld computer while traveling Printing technology Ink jet Thermal transfer Connecting ports to computer Parallel USB Wireless infrared Next p Fig. 6-27

A sophisticated printer used to produce high-quality drawings Used in specialized fields such as engineering and drafting Uses a row of charged wires (called styli) to draw an electrostatic pattern on specially coated paper and then fuses toner to the pattern Next p. 6.22

A component of a computer that produces music, speech, or other sounds, such as beeps Two commonly used audio output devices are speakers and headsets speakers Next p Fig. 6-29

Most personal computers have a small internal speaker that usually outputs only low-quality sound Many users add sophisticated stereo speakers to generate a higher-quality sound speakers Some users add a woofer to boost the low bass sounds woofer Next p Fig. 6-29

Useful when you are in a computer laboratory or some other crowded environment With a headset, only you can hear the sound from the computer Next p Fig. 6-30

A device that takes the image from a computer screen and projects it onto a larger screen so an audience of people can see the image clearly Next p Fig. 6-32

LCD projector Uses liquid crystal display technology Attaches directly to a computer Uses its own light source to display the information shown on the computer screen Digital light processing (DLP) projector Uses tiny mirrors to reflect light, which produces crisp, bright, colorful images that remain in focus and can be seen clearly even in a well-lit room Next p. 6.25

A device that transmits and receives documents over telephone lines Documents can contain text, drawings, or photographs, or can be handwritten A stand-alone fax machine scans an original document, converts the image into digitized data, and transmits the digitized image Next p Fig. 6-33

Other Output Devices What is a fax modem? A modem that allows you to send (and sometimes receive) electronic documents as faxes Transmits computer–prepared documents, such as a word processing letter, or documents that have been digitized with a scanner, or digital camera external fax modem internal fax modem card in system unit Click to view Web Link then click Fax Modems Next p Fig. 6-34

A single piece of equipment that looks like a copy machine, but provides the functionality of a printer, scanner, copy machine, and perhaps a fax machine Sometimes called multifunction peripherals (MFPs), or all-in-one devices Click to view Web Link then click Multifunction Devices Next p Fig. 6-35

What is a terminal? A device that performs both input and output because it consists of a monitor (output), a keyboard (input), and a video card Three basic categories dumb terminals intelligent terminals special-purpose terminals Next p. 6.27

Has no processing power so it cannot function as an independent device Can enter and transmit data to, or receive and display information from, a computer to which it is connected Connect to a host computer that performs the processing and then sends the output back to the dumb terminal Next p Fig. 6-36

Has memory and a processor that has the capability of performing some functions independent of the host computer Sometimes called programmable terminals because they can be programmed by the software developer to perform basic tasks Next p. 6.28

Records purchases at the point where the consumer purchases a product or a service Output from POS terminals serve as input to other computers to maintain sales records, update inventory, verify credit, and perform other activities associated with the sales transactions that are critical to running the business Click to view Web Link then click POS Terminals Next p Fig. 6-37

What is the Magnifier command? Windows Magnifier command enlarges text and other items in a window on the screen Location of mouse pointer magnified at top of screen Next p Fig. 6-38

What other output options are available for visually impaired users? Change Window’s settings such as increasing the size or changing the color of the text to make the words easier to read Blind users can work with voice output where the computer reads the information that displays on the screen Click to view video Next A Braille printer outputs information in Braille onto paper p Fig. 6-39

Heidi Van Arnem Chairman and CEO of iCan.com Helps to bring together businesses, the medical industry, government-led efforts, and nonprofit organizations to help enhance the lives of people with disabilities A successful businesswoman, entrepreneur and inventor A quadriplegic since 16, she established the Heidi Van Arnem foundation in 1992 to help find a cure for paralysis Click to view Web Link then click Heidi Van Arnem Next p. 6.30

Small Office/Home Office Mobile Home Power Large Business Home 17- or 19-inch color CRT monitor High-definition television Ink-jet color printer; or Photo printer Label printer Speakers Headset Small Office/Home Office Mobile Home Power Large Business Mobile 15.4-inch color LCD display with a notebook computer 19-inch color CRT monitor for a notebook computer docking station Color LCD display for handheld computer Portable printer Ink-jet color printer; or Laser printer, black and white, for in-office use; or Photo printer Fax modem Headset DLP data projector Small Office/Home Office 19- or 21-inch color CRT monitor Color LCD display for handheld computer Multifunction device; or Ink-jet color printer; or Laser printer, black and white Label printer Fax machine Speakers Large Business 19- or 21-inch color CRT or LCD monitor 15.4-inch color LCD display for a notebook computer Color LCD display for handheld computer Laser printer, black and white Line printer (for large reports from a mainframe) Label printer Fax machine or fax modem Speakers DLP data projector Dumb terminal Power 21-inch color LCD monitor Laser printer, black and white Plotter Photo printer; or Dye sublimation printer Fax machine or fax modem Speakers Headset Next p Fig. 6-40

Output Devices Receives an electrical signal and produces data or information. The purpose of an output device is to translate data and information from electrical impulses (digital) to human readable format.

The Monitor An output device which is necessary for the computer to display an output to the user. The video display Adapter (video card) on the motherboard allows information to leave the processor and appear on the monitor.

These monitors are much thinner and lighter than the bulkier CRT monitors. They also use a lot less energy. LCD monitors use to be very expensive but the prices have fallen drastically. 2. Cathode Ray Tube (CRT) These are bulky monitors that look like old fashioned TVs. They are usually much cheaper than LCDs.

Resolution - Defines the clarity of an image and is specified as the number of dots per inch (dpi). Normally measured by the number of pixels that can be displayed. Dot Pitch - Amount of space between pixels Refresh Rate - Number of times per seconds that the pixels are recharged so that their glow remains bright.

There are two main categories of printers: Impact - the printing mechanism makes physical contact with the paper Non-Impact - No physical contact between the printing mechanism and the paper.

Line Printers Printers that can use multiple print hammers to print an entire line of text at one time (or at least fast enough so that it appears so). Disadvantages: It cannot print graphics The text it prints is of low quality

Daisy wheel Daisy wheel printers – uses a wheel containing characters that rotates until the right character is facing the paper. Although it prints high quality text, it cannot print graphics. Printing different types of font is also impractical since the wheel have to be changed in order to get a different font.

Dot Matrix Printer The dot matrix printer have a head capable of firing tiny pins arranged in a matrix. As the print head moves back and forth, these pins strike the ribbon causing dots to be made on the paper. These same dots can be used to print text as well as graphics Some dot matrix printer can also print in color.

Dot Matrix Printers They are used to print bills or forms that require carbon copies Print special reports that require large continuous sheets some payroll and accounting sheets

Non Impact Printers Non-Impact printers are printers that print using methods that do not involve striking the paper or an ink ribbon. They are generally faster than most impact printers and quieter. Some types are much more expensive than impact printers Non-Impact printers do not use perforated paper

Inkjet Printer They squirt very small drops of ink on the paper in order to produce text and images. They are commonly used in the home. The are relatively cheap and produce high quality output at relatively high speed.

Laser Printer A very fast printer that utilizes a laser beam along with a toner and a photoconductive rotating drum in order to produce very high quality output. They are faster than inkjet printers They are called page printers because it appears that they print an entire page at one time. They are usually limited to office use because they are expensive.

Thermal Printers They print by using heat. Some thermal printers use special heat-sensitive paper. Heat is applied to the paper to form text and graphics They have low maintenance cost since there is not the need to buy toner or print ribbon. Some fax machines print using this method.

Plotter Output device used to produce high quality drawings (images) and large hard copies e.g. posters. Chosen over printers when high quality graphics and making large clear posters.

Plotters continued Have built in microprocessors that converts characters and instructions into a series of coordinates, which the plotter then plots. Produces high resolution images Used by engineers, graphic designers, architects.

Speakers Sound cards code audio signals into signals which can be used by the speaker, which in turn amplifies them. Sub woofers - Speaker system that can be attached to your PC and speakers to enhance your sound effects.

Multimedia Projector Works with a variety of media, e.g. computer, camera, printer and the scanner. It projects and magnifies images on a large white screen normally mounted on a wall some distance from the computer.

Human Readable - output devices that produce hard or soft copies of information or data that can be read and interpreted by humans Machine readable - devices that output in a form only a computer can process.

Resolution Pixel Dot Pitch Refresh Rate Identify the two main types of printers Give an example of each of the two types of printers you identified above. Differentiate between the terms : “hardcopy” and “softcopy”.

Please note, there is an updated edition of this book available at https://opentextbook.site. If you are not required to use this edition for a course, you may want to check it out.

As we learned in the first chapter, an information system is made up of five components: hardware, software, data, people, and process. The physical parts of computing devices – those that you can actually touch – are referred to as hardware. In this chapter, we will take a look at this component of information systems, learn a little bit about how it works, and discuss some of the current trends surrounding it.

Besides these more traditional computer hardware devices, many items that were once not considered digital devices are now becoming computerized themselves. Digital technologies are now being integrated into many everyday objects, so the days of a device being labeled categorically as computer hardware may be ending. Examples of these types of digital devices include automobiles, refrigerators, and even soft-drink dispensers. In this chapter, we will also explore digital devices, beginning with defining what we mean by the term itself.

As you know, the system of numbering we are most familiar with is base-ten numbering. In base-ten numbering, each column in the number represents a power of ten, with the far-right column representing 10^0 (ones), the next column from the right representing 10^1 (tens), then 10^2 (hundreds), then 10^3 (thousands), etc. For example, the number 1010 in decimal