lcd display refresh rate manufacturer

Flat-panel displays are thin panels of glass or plastic used for electronically displaying text, images, or video. Liquid crystal displays (LCD), OLED (organic light emitting diode) and microLED displays are not quite the same; since LCD uses a liquid crystal that reacts to an electric current blocking light or allowing it to pass through the panel, whereas OLED/microLED displays consist of electroluminescent organic/inorganic materials that generate light when a current is passed through the material. LCD, OLED and microLED displays are driven using LTPS, IGZO, LTPO, and A-Si TFT transistor technologies as their backplane using ITO to supply current to the transistors and in turn to the liquid crystal or electroluminescent material. Segment and passive OLED and LCD displays do not use a backplane but use indium tin oxide (ITO), a transparent conductive material, to pass current to the electroluminescent material or liquid crystal. In LCDs, there is an even layer of liquid crystal throughout the panel whereas an OLED display has the electroluminescent material only where it is meant to light up. OLEDs, LCDs and microLEDs can be made flexible and transparent, but LCDs require a backlight because they cannot emit light on their own like OLEDs and microLEDs.

Liquid-crystal display (or LCD) is a thin, flat panel used for electronically displaying information such as text, images, and moving pictures. They are usually made of glass but they can also be made out of plastic. Some manufacturers make transparent LCD panels and special sequential color segment LCDs that have higher than usual refresh rates and an RGB backlight. The backlight is synchronized with the display so that the colors will show up as needed. The list of LCD manufacturers:

Organic light emitting diode (or OLED displays) is a thin, flat panel made of glass or plastic used for electronically displaying information such as text, images, and moving pictures. OLED panels can also take the shape of a light panel, where red, green and blue light emitting materials are stacked to create a white light panel. OLED displays can also be made transparent and/or flexible and these transparent panels are available on the market and are widely used in smartphones with under-display optical fingerprint sensors. LCD and OLED displays are available in different shapes, the most prominent of which is a circular display, which is used in smartwatches. The list of OLED display manufacturers:

MicroLED displays is an emerging flat-panel display technology consisting of arrays of microscopic LEDs forming the individual pixel elements. Like OLED, microLED offers infinite contrast ratio, but unlike OLED, microLED is immune to screen burn-in, and consumes less power while having higher light output, as it uses LEDs instead of organic electroluminescent materials, The list of MicroLED display manufacturers:

Sony produces and sells commercial MicroLED displays called CLEDIS (Crystal-LED Integrated Displays, also called Canvas-LED) in small quantities.video walls.

LCDs are made in a glass substrate. For OLED, the substrate can also be plastic. The size of the substrates are specified in generations, with each generation using a larger substrate. For example, a 4th generation substrate is larger in size than a 3rd generation substrate. A larger substrate allows for more panels to be cut from a single substrate, or for larger panels to be made, akin to increasing wafer sizes in the semiconductor industry.

2015, sold to giantplus and tce photomasks, gen 3 still operated by giantplus, gen 4 line sold to giantplus, equipment sold and line demolished, remainder operated by tce

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The refresh rate (or "vertical refresh rate", "vertical scan rate", terminology originating with the cathode ray tubes) is the number of times per second that a raster-based display device displays a new image. This is independent from frame rate, which describes how many images are stored or generated every second by the device driving the display.

On cathode ray tube (CRT) displays, higher refresh rates produce less flickering, thereby reducing eye strain. In other technologies such as liquid-crystal displays, the refresh rate affects only how often the image can potentially be updated.

Non-raster displays may not have a characteristic refresh rate. Vector displays, for instance, do not trace the entire screen, only the actual lines comprising the displayed image, so refresh speed may differ by the size and complexity of the image data.

Raster-scan CRTs by their nature must refresh the screen, since their phosphors will fade and the image will disappear quickly unless refreshed regularly.

In a CRT, the vertical scan rate is the number of times per second that the electron beam returns to the upper left corner of the screen to begin drawing a new frame.vertical blanking signal generated by the video controller, and is partially limited by the monitor"s maximum horizontal scan rate.

The refresh rate can be calculated from the horizontal scan rate by dividing the scanning frequency by the number of horizontal lines, plus some amount of time to allow for the beam to return to the top. By convention, this is a 1.05x multiplier.1280 × 1024 results in a refresh rate of 96,000 ÷ (1024 × 1.05) ≈ 89 Hz (rounded down).

CRT refresh rates have historically been an important factor in videogame programming. In early videogame systems, the only time available for computation was during the vertical blanking interval, during which the beam is returning to the top corner of the screen and no image is being drawn.screen tearing.

Unlike CRTs, where the image will fade unless refreshed, the pixels of liquid-crystal displays retain their state for as long as power is provided, and consequently there is no intrinsic flicker regardless of refresh rate. However, refresh rate still determines the highest frame rate that can be displayed, and despite there being no actual blanking of the screen, the vertical blanking interval is still a period in each refresh cycle when the screen is not being updated, during which the image data in the host system"s frame buffer can be updated.

On smaller CRT monitors (up to about 15 in or 38 cm), few people notice any discomfort between 60–72 Hz. On larger CRT monitors (17 in or 43 cm or larger), most people experience mild discomfort unless the refresh is set to 72 Hz or higher. A rate of 100 Hz is comfortable at almost any size. However, this does not apply to LCD monitors. The closest equivalent to a refresh rate on an LCD monitor is its frame rate, which is often locked at 60 fps. But this is rarely a problem, because the only part of an LCD monitor that could produce CRT-like flicker—its backlight—typically operates at around a minimum of 200 Hz.

Different operating systems set the default refresh rate differently. Microsoft Windows 95 and Windows 98 (First and Second Editions) set the refresh rate to the highest rate that they believe the display supports. Windows NT-based operating systems, such as Windows 2000 and its descendants Windows XP, Windows Vista and Windows 7, set the default refresh rate to a conservative rate, usually 60 Hz. Some fullscreen applications, including many games, now allow the user to reconfigure the refresh rate before entering fullscreen mode, but most default to a conservative resolution and refresh rate and let you increase the settings in the options.

Old monitors could be damaged if a user set the video card to a refresh rate higher than the highest rate supported by the monitor. Some models of monitors display a notice that the video signal uses an unsupported refresh rate.

Some LCDs support adapting their refresh rate to the current frame rate delivered by the graphics card. Two technologies that allow this are FreeSync and G-Sync.

When LCD shutter glasses are used for stereo 3D displays, the effective refresh rate is halved, because each eye needs a separate picture. For this reason, it is usually recommended to use a display capable of at least 120 Hz, because divided in half this rate is again 60 Hz. Higher refresh rates result in greater image stability, for example 72 Hz non-stereo is 144 Hz stereo, and 90 Hz non-stereo is 180 Hz stereo. Most low-end computer graphics cards and monitors cannot handle these high refresh rates, especially at higher resolutions.

For LCD monitors the pixel brightness changes are much slower than CRT or plasma phosphors. Typically LCD pixel brightness changes are faster when voltage is applied than when voltage is removed, resulting in an asymmetric pixel response time. With 3D shutter glasses this can result in a blurry smearing of the display and poor depth perception, due to the previous image frame not fading to black fast enough as the next frame is drawn.

This gif animation shows a rudimentary comparison of how motion varies with 4Hz, 12Hz, and 24Hz refresh rates. Entire sequence has a frame rate of 24Hz.

The development of televisions in the 1930s was determined by a number of technical limitations. The AC power line frequency was used for the vertical refresh rate for two reasons. The first reason was that the television"s vacuum tube was susceptible to interference from the unit"s power supply, including residual ripple. This could cause drifting horizontal bars (hum bars). Using the same frequency reduced this, and made interference static on the screen and therefore less obtrusive. The second reason was that television studios would use AC lamps, filming at a different frequency would cause strobing.NTSC color coding) and 50 Hz System B/G (almost always used with PAL or SECAM color coding). This accident of chance gave European sets higher resolution, in exchange for lower frame-rates. Compare System M (704 × 480 at 30i) and System B/G (704 × 576 at 25i). However, the lower refresh rate of 50 Hz introduces more flicker, so sets that use digital technology to double the refresh rate to 100 Hz are now very popular. (see Broadcast television systems)

Another difference between 50 Hz and 60 Hz standards is the way motion pictures (film sources as opposed to video camera sources) are transferred or presented. 35 mm film is typically shot at 24 frames per second (fps). For PAL 50 Hz this allows film sources to be easily transferred by accelerating the film by 4%. The resulting picture is therefore smooth, however, there is a small shift in the pitch of the audio. NTSC sets display both 24 fps and 25 fps material without any speed shifting by using a technique called 3:2 pulldown, but at the expense of introducing unsmooth playback in the form of telecine judder.

Similar to some computer monitors and some DVDs, analog television systems use interlace, which decreases the apparent flicker by painting first the odd lines and then the even lines (these are known as fields). This doubles the refresh rate, compared to a progressive scan image at the same frame rate. This works perfectly for video cameras, where each field results from a separate exposure – the effective frame rate doubles, there are now 50 rather than 25 exposures per second. The dynamics of a CRT are ideally suited to this approach, fast scenes will benefit from the 50 Hz refresh, the earlier field will have largely decayed away when the new field is written, and static images will benefit from improved resolution as both fields will be integrated by the eye. Modern CRT-based televisions may be made flicker-free in the form of 100 Hz technology.

Many high-end LCD televisions now have a 120 or 240 Hz (current and former NTSC countries) or 100 or 200 Hz (PAL/SECAM countries) refresh rate. The rate of 120 was chosen as the least common multiple of 24 fps (cinema) and 30 fps (NTSC TV), and allows for less distortion when movies are viewed due to the elimination of telecine (3:2 pulldown). For PAL at 25 fps, 100 or 200 Hz is used as a fractional compromise of the least common multiple of 600 (24 × 25). These higher refresh rates are most effective from a 24p-source video output (e.g. Blu-ray Disc), and/or scenes of fast motion.

As movies are usually filmed at a rate of 24 frames per second, while television sets operate at different rates, some conversion is necessary. Different techniques exist to give the viewer an optimal experience.

The combination of content production, playback device, and display device processing may also give artifacts that are unnecessary. A display device producing a fixed 60 fps rate cannot display a 24 fps movie at an even, judder-free rate. Usually, a 3:2 pulldown is used, giving a slight uneven movement.

While common multisync CRT computer monitors have been capable of running at even multiples of 24 Hz since the early 1990s, recent "120 Hz" LCDs have been produced for the purpose of having smoother, more fluid motion, depending upon the source material, and any subsequent processing done to the signal. In the case of material shot on video, improvements in smoothness just from having a higher refresh rate may be barely noticeable.

In the case of filmed material, as 120 is an even multiple of 24, it is possible to present a 24 fps sequence without judder on a well-designed 120 Hz display (i.e., so-called 5-5 pulldown). If the 120 Hz rate is produced by frame-doubling a 60 fps 3:2 pulldown signal, the uneven motion could still be visible (i.e., so-called 6-4 pulldown).

Additionally, material may be displayed with synthetically created smoothness with the addition of motion interpolation abilities to the display, which has an even larger effect on filmed material.

Displays with a 360 Hz refresh rate and a 2.8 ms frame time are the best gaming monitors with high refresh rates you can get today. But that will soon change. Two leading makers of LCD panels are developing display panels that feature a 480 Hz refresh rate and a 2.1 ms frame time (as well as lower overall latency). These panels will be ready sometimes in 2022, so actual displays will arrive in 2023.

Both AU Optronics and LG Display are working on LCD panels with a 480 Hz refresh rate, according to two reports by TFTCentral (1, 2). LG Display is reportedly working on multiple 480 Hz panels with the first one being a 24.5-inch with a 1080p(1920x1080) resolution. The unit is projected to be ready for mass production sometime in Q4 2022, so if everything goes well, the commercial displays based on the panel will be available in the first half of 2023. AU Optronics is also developing a 1080p panel with a 480 Hz refresh rate and aims to start mass production in 2022, but there are no further details.

Not a lot of information is available about AUO"s and LG Display"s 480 Hz panels now, which is not particularly surprising given that they are so far out. Today"s ultra-high-performance 360Hz displays use a TNpanel, though the brand new 390 Hz LCDs use AUO"s AHVA (IPS-like) panels.

To handle a panel with an extremely wide variable refresh rate range — think about 30Hz ~ 480Hz — a very high-performance display controller logic will be needed. This set of chips (or one highly integrated chip) will have to include a very high-performance image processing unit, an appropriate overdrive processor, a very fast TCON (timing controller), and a general-purpose processor that will manage operation of the said units.

For example, modern 360HzG-Syncdisplays use logic specifically designed by Nvidia. In fact, the logic behind high-end displays is just as important as the panel and the backlighting, which is why development of expensive monitors takes so long.

These 480 Hz panels are designed for monitors aimed at professional gamers who want maximum performance to maximize their potential in various eSports competitions. The market of such displays is rather small, yet lucrative. Furthermore, such high-end displays serve the same purpose as other halo products — they promote the manufacturer"s brand.

BOE (via Google Translate) stated that it has made "important breakthroughs in the field of oxide semiconductor display technology" and "mass production of copper interconnect stack structures".

The brand is using this tech combined with "high refresh rate, high resolution, low power oxide display technology" to make this 500Hz display possible.

Currently, there"s no price point or release date associated with the display nor any indication as to whether BOE plans to use the panel in a consumer product, but for the sake of Counter-Strike fans everywhere, we hope it does.

For CRT displays, the electron beam is scanned point by point from the upper left corner of the screen to the right, forming a horizontal line: "knife up to the right end" and then back to the left end of the next horizontal line, repeating the process above: when the beam completes scanning at the lower right corner, a frame is formed. Thereafter, the electron beam returns to the starting point in the upper left corner to start the next scan. This method is also known as a progressive scan display. The completion of a frame of the time spent on the countdown called vertical scan frequency, also known as the refresh frequency (i.e. field frequency), such as 60Hz, 75Hz, etc. The greater the refresh rate, the greater the screen. The greater the refresh rate, the less likely the screen flicker, if the refresh rate is above 75Hz, the user is not easy to feel the screen flicker.

For the LCD, because of its working principle and CRT display is completely different, LCD is not like CRT display to launch the electron beam, there is no need to set the refresh rate indicators, but the output signal of the graphics card and the refresh rate of the signal, so LCD manufacturers in order to compatible with the graphics card, had to set a refresh rate indicators.

The graphics card can be compared to the human brain, the LCD compared to the human hands and feet, LCD is very mechanical, the graphics card let it do what it does, the graphics card output a 60Hz refresh rate signal, LCD will also do the same. In fact, the LCD refresh is not a single pixel, but the whole screen, this refresh is actually meaningless, even if the LCD refresh rate is working at 1 Hz also does not matter, the picture and work at 60Hz are the same. This is also why the LCD refresh rate is king in 60Hz and works in 75Hz feel the same reason. Perhaps only when CRTs are completely obsolete, LCDs and graphics cards will have no refresh rate specifications.

Some may ask: most of the LCD at 60Hz refresh rate can achieve the best picture quality, why not lock the refresh rate at 60Hz, but to have 60 ~ 75Hz selection range? In fact, this is related to the use of flexibility and compatibility issues. As the LCD trying to replace the CRT monitor market position, and most of today"s graphics cards are still designed to CRT monitors, higher flexibility and compatibility will help LCD cut into and quickly capture the market.

There may be some people who will ask: why my LCD refresh rate when working at 60Hz and working at 75Hz when the picture will be very different? The LCD is only in the analog refresh, but it is also true that at 15 times per second to refresh the entire screen, when the LCD can not withstand the 75Hz refresh rate signal, the picture will be blurred. At this point, you should set the graphics card"s refresh rate at 60Hz, a refresh rate that any LCD can withstand.

60Hz refresh rate and 75Hz refresh rate is no difference, why must the refresh rate set high? In fact, the important indicator of LCD is the response time rather than the refresh rate, LCD manufacturer"s propaganda, all say how fast the response time, not how high the refresh rate. Therefore, the refresh rate is not LCD"s main performance indicators.

Recently, we often have customers ask us about the refresh rate of led screen, most of them are for filming needs, such as XR virtual photography, etc. I would like to take this opportunity to talk about this issue To answer the question of what is the difference between a high refresh rate and a low refresh rate.

Refresh rate and frame rate are very similar. They both stands for the numbers of times a static image is displayed per second. But the difference is that the refresh rate stands for the video signal or display while the frame rate stands for the content itself.

The refresh rate of a LED screen is the number of times in a second that the LED screen hardware draws the data. This is distinct from the measure of frame rate in that the refresh rate for LED screens includes the repeated drawing of identical frames, while frame rate measures how often a video source can feed an entire frame of new data to a display.

The frame rate of video is usually 24, 25 or 30 frames per second, and as long as it is higher than 24 frames per second, it is generally considered smooth by the human eye. With recent technological advances, people can now watch video at 120 fps in movie theaters, on computers, and even on cell phones, so people are now using higher frame rates to shoot video.

Refresh rate can be divided into vertical refresh rate and horizontal refresh rate. The screen refresh rate generally refers to the vertical refresh rate, that is, the number of times the electronic beam repeatedly scanned the image on the LED screen.

In conventional terms, it is the number of times that the LED display screen redraws the image per second. The screen refresh rate is measured in Hertz, usually abbreviated as “Hz”. For example, a screen refresh rate of 1920Hz means that the image is refreshed 1920 times in one second.

What you see on the LED video wall is actually multiple different pictures at rest, and the motion you see is because the LED display is constantly refreshed, giving you the illusion of natural motion.

Because the human eye has a visual dwelling effect, the next picture follows the previous one immediately before the impression in the brain fades, and because these pictures are only slightly different, the static images connect to form a smooth, natural motion as long as the screen refreshes quickly enough.

A higher screen refresh rate is a guarantee of high-quality images and smooth video playback, helping you to better communicate your brand and product messages to your target users and impress them.

Conversely, if the display refresh rate is low, the image transmission of the LED display will become unnatural. There will also be flickering “black scan lines”, torn and trailing images, and “mosaics” or “ghosting” displayed in different colors. Its impact in addition to video, photography, but also because tens of thousands of light bulbs flashing images at the same time, the human eye may produce discomfort when viewing, and even cause eye damage.

A higher led screen refresh rate tells you the ability of a screen’s hardware to reproduce the screen’s content several times per second. It allows the motion of images to be smoother and cleaner in a video, especially in dark scenes when showing fast movements. Other than that, a screen with a higher refresh rate will be more suitable for the content with a more significant number of frames per second.

Typically, a refresh rate of 1920Hz is good enough for most LED displays. And if the LED display needs to display high speed action video, or if the LED display will be filmed by a camera, the LED display needs to have a refresh rate of more than 2550Hz.

The refresh frequency is derived from the different choices of driver chips. When using a common driver chip, the refresh rate for full color is 960Hz, and the refresh rate for single and dual color is 480Hz. when using a dual latching driver chip, the refresh rate is above 1920Hz. When using the HD high level PWM driver chip, the refresh rate is up to 3840Hz or more.

HD high-grade PWM driver chip, ≥ 3840Hz led refresh rate, screen display stable and smooth, no ripple, no lag, no sense of visual flicker, not only can enjoy the quality led screen, and effective protection of vision.

In professional use, it is critical to provide a very high refresh rate. This is especially important for scenes geared towards entertainment, media, sporting events, virtual photography, etc. that need to be captured and will certainly be recorded on video by professional cameras. A refresh rate that is synchronized with the camera recording frequency will make the image look perfect and prevent blinking. Our cameras record video usually at 24, 25,30 or 60fps and we need to keep it in sync with the screen refresh rate as a multiple. If we synchronize the moment of camera recording with the moment of image change, we can avoid the black line of screen change.

LED display refresh rate of not less than 3840Hz, the camera to capture the picture screen stability, can effectively solve the image of the rapid motion process of trailing and blurring, enhance the clarity and contrast of the image, so that the video screen delicate and smooth, long time viewing is not easy to fatigue; with anti-gamma correction technology and point-by-point brightness correction technology, so that the dynamic picture display more realistic and natural, uniform and consistent.

Therefore, with the continuous development, I believe the standard refresh rate of led screen will transition to 3840Hz or more, and then become the industry standard and specification.

One thing we should be aware of is that, unlike grayscale, there is a certain risk of too high a refresh rate. When the refresh rate gets higher, it demands more and more quality of LEDs. If the quality of the LED is not good, it will not be able to withstand the impact of high refresh rates and will be easily damaged. Normally, we should set the refresh rate below the maximum value set at the factory, such as 3840Hz, if the refresh rate is too high, it will affect the life of the LED.

Whether you want to use an indoor or outdoor advertising LED screen for branding, video presentations, broadcasting, or virtual filming, you should always choose an LED display screen that offers a high screen refresh rate and synchronizes with the frame rate recorded by your camera if you want to get high-quality images from the screen, because then the painting will look clear and perfect.

LG Display announced today that it will unveil its 45-inch ultra-wide OLED and 27-inch OLED displays optimized for gaming in January at CES 2023. Through these cutting-edge products, the company aims to strengthen its leadership in the high-end gaming market. LG Display"s new gaming OLED displays boast the fastest response time of 0.03ms, making them the first-ever OLED displays for monitors to provide a refresh...

MSI G273CQ with a 27-inch VA display with a 1500R curvature and a QHD resolution. The typical static contrast ratio of the model is 3000:1 and the typical brightness is 300 nits. The sRGB, Adobe RGB, and DCI-P3 color space coverage is 115%, 90%, and 90%, respectively. The monitor has a refresh rate of 170Hz with AMD FreeSync Premium certification. It is fitted with two HDMI 2.0 ports, DisplayPort 1.2, and a...

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Acer Predator XB273U Fbmiiprzx has been unveiled by various Chinese media but there"s no official Acer listing about this model yet. This is a gaming monitor with an NVIDIA G-Sync module, hence supporting a 1Hz-360Hz refresh rate. OF course, AMD FreeSync is also supported via Adaptive-Sync. An NVIDIA Reflex Latency Analyzer is also present with one of the four USB Type-A ports dedicated to it. The additional...

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Gigabyte has sent out an invite for the CES 2023 in Las Vegas in early January. The brand will display its products at Booth #9199, North Hall, Las Vegas Convention Center. Gigabyte"s theme for the show is to demonstrate how the Power of Computing drives innovative technologies in different application scenarios including data centers, electric and autonomous vehicles, AI, digital creation, and gaming. While...

Dough (formerly Eve) has unveiled its "crowd-developed glossy OLED gaming monitor." Dubbed Spectrum ES07E2D it features a 27-inch QHD OLED display by LG Display with the glossy coating Dough launched to great acclaim earlier this year. The brand has used this coating in a response to the majority of its community enthusiasts who voted in favor of the glossy polarizer. The display covers 98.5% of the DCI-P3 color...

Philips 32M1C5200W has been officially unveiled featuring a 31.5-inch VA display with a 1500R curvature and an FHD resolution. The model has a typical brightness of 300 nits and a static contrast ratio of 3500:1. It supports 4 ms minimal GTG response time and 0.5 ms MPRT. The native refresh rate of the display is 240Hz supported via Adaptive-Sync technology. The monitor has a traditional Momentum series stand with...

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Asus Republic of Gamers has teased on social networks an upcoming high-end OLED monitor by Asus - the Asus ROG Swift PG27AQDM / Asus ROG Swift OLED PG27AQDM. This monitor will be unveiled at CES 2023 in early January next year. Obviously, the PG27AQDM features a 27-inch QHD OLED display. The teaser also mentions a 240Hz refresh rate. The rear panel is also shown to have an RGB light system as well as a logo...

ViewSonic VX2722-4K-OLED was unveiled earlier this year but it is now that it hits the stores in China. This monitor features a 27-inch 4K OLED display by JOLED - EPM269Q00V. The panel delivers native 10-bit color bit depth, 250 nits of typical and 540 nits of peak brightness, 109% Adobe RGB coverage, and a native 60Hz refresh rate. The model is VESA DisplayHDR 400 True Black certified. Being an OLED unit, it offers...

ViewSonic VX3480-2K-PRO has been launched in China priced at around CNY 2000, which equals USD 286 roughly. This gaming monitor has a 34-inch VA display with native 8-bit color support, 100% sRGB coverage, ultra-wide QHD resolution - 3440 x 1440 px, and 300 nits of typical brightness. The model is HDR10 certified. It delivers a minimal GTG response time of 3.34 ms and 1 ms MPRT. Most probably the display panel is...

Asus has unveiled a new monitor from the ROG Strix series dubbed Asus ROG Strix XG27AQV. It succeeds the Asus ROG Strix XG27AQ which was introduced two years ago. Just like its predecessor, the new model is based on a 27-inch Fast IPS display with a QHD resolution (2560 x 1440) and 8-bit color bit depth. The display delivers 400 nits of typical brightness and the model is VESA DisplayHDR 400 and HDR10 certified. The...

Philips 40B1U5601H is a new ultra-wide business monitor with a 40-inch IPS display, a resolution of 3440 x 1440 pixels, 8-bit color support, and 121% sRGB color space coverage. The typical brightness is specified as being 300 nits and the peak one - 500 nits, hence the HDR10 certification. The contrast ratio is 1200:1 and the GTG response time is 4 ms. The model has a native refresh rate is 120Hz with VRR support...

We get a lot of questions about high refresh rate panels of varying sizes and technologies and it’s a topic gamers are of course very interested in. We thought it might be useful to provide a round-up of some of the news we’ve brought you over the last few months in relation to panel roadmaps, and announced displays to help get this information all in one place. This will hopefully give you an idea of what is currently available in each technology now, as well as what is planned for the future and when to expect other options to arrive. As ever, keep in mind the increasing demands on PC’s and graphics cards with the increases in refresh rates, not to mention the push for higher resolutions at the same time. Also we’d like to make the distinction up-front between panel manufacturers and monitor manufacturers here. Where we are talking about panel roadmaps and production, keep in mind that there is usually a lag of a couple of months after the panel goes in to mass production before we see any news of displays which will feature the new panel. There’s normally then a 3 – 4 month delay before that screen is released and widely available, so keep that in mind when we talk about dates in this article.

So why high refresh rate? The refresh rate of an LCD display is directly linked to two key areas. Firstly frame rate support. The higher the refresh rate, the higher the number of frames per second it can display, if you’ve got a graphics card and system capable enough to generate them. So if you’ve got a top end gaming system and can generate 120 frames per second (fps) you’d see the benefit of that on a 120Hz capable display, whereas a 60Hz display would only offer support for up to 60fps. Secondly because of the way LCD’s operate, the way the human eye perceives motion blur is directly impacted by the refresh rate as well. The higher the refresh rate, the less motion blur you will see, although past a certain point you start to reach the point of diminishing returns. There’s certainly big improvements when you move from 60Hz to 120Hz, and a smaller but not insignificant jump if you then jump to something like 240Hz. Beyond that, you’d probably see smaller and smaller improvements, and for additional blur reduction you’re probably going to want to consider a specific strobing blur reduction backlight system. The principles and operation of those are covered in our other article on Motion Blur Reduction Backlights.

At the time of writing this article originally in September 2016 there was only one true high refresh rate option available in this technology, that being a 27” 2560 x 1440 resolution panel provide by AU Optronics (their IPS-type AHVA technology). It is used in a range of popular monitors such as the Acer Predator XB270HU (reviewed), the updated XB271HU and the equivalent models from Asus like theirAsus ROG Swift PG279Q (reviewed). Many other models are available featuring various similar versions of panel and it is tried and tested.

This is a flat format panel which is available in standard (panel part M270DAN02.3) and borderless (part M270DAN02.6) varieties and offers a native 144Hz refresh rate. Where the panel is combined with a hardware G-sync module, manufacturers were also able to overclock the refresh rate a little to 165Hz on some of the displays. Blur reduction backlights were combined with this panel since the refresh rate support is high enough to make that a viable option for the first time from IPS screens. Some later screens such as theAsus TUF VG27AQ (reviewed) featured a slightly different panel (M270Q008 V002) and was the first display that allows simultaneous use of the strobing blur reduction backlight and the variable refresh rate (G-sync/FreeSync).

AU Optronicsare currently producing these 2560 x 1440 resolution 27″ IPS-type panels with a slightly boosted refresh rate up to a native 165Hz (not needing an overclock) along with wide colour gamut support. This also goes hand in hand with some advancements in response times they are developing to help speed up pixel transitions. There are a few versions of this 165Hz panel planned.

The M270DAN08.2 is a borderless option with 165Hz refresh rate and Adobe RGB gamut, but without HDR 600 listed. This was due to go in to mass production in March 2020.

AU Optronics are also developing a 27″ 240Hz refresh rate panel (M270DAN08.0) with 1440p resolution, which should be in production now since January 2020. This too will feature a wide colour gamut but no HDR 600 support.

In the 27″ space is the LM270WQA panel was their first, with a 2560 x 1440 resolution and 144Hz native refresh rate and with a DCI-P3 colour gamut. It’s was originally expected to go in to production around December 2018 but then slipped back to Q2 2019, but is now in mass production thankfully. LG.Display are also promoting improvements in their IPS response times in their latest roadmaps, trying to improve on the 5ms G2G spec, pushing down down to 1ms G2G thanks to higher levels of overdrive. In practice we know that 1ms is unrealistic, but there are no doubt great improvements in pixel response times from these latest LG.Display panels.

The LG 27GL850 (reviewed) was the first display to feature this new panel. You may or may not remember that originally this screen was planned to feature a hardware G-sync module and therefore support a 165Hz overclock, but that was later dropped in favour of an adaptive-sync support and therefore limited to the native 144Hz. We have seen other displays released using this same 27″ LG.Display panel, including the ViewSonic Elite XG270QG (reviewed) which does feature a Native G-sync hardware module and therefore an overclocked 165Hz refresh rate.

We have in more recent times seen Innolux start to invest in high refresh rate IPS-type panels as well it seems with their AAS panel technology. There is a 27″ flat panel produced by them and in production since Dec 2018 (M270KCJ-K7B) which offers a 2560 x 1440 resolution and 144Hz refresh rate. We have seen the Acer Nitro XV272U and VG271U released as well as new models from lesser known manufacturers like the Gigabyte Aorus AD27QD (reviewed).

Innolux are planning to develop this panel slightly further from March 2020 with a slightly increased 165Hz refresh rate and an improved response time spec (M270KCJ-K7B Cx). It looks likely that this panel will be featured in the updated version of the Gigabyte Aorus AD27QD which is the Gigabyte Aorus FI27Q.

AU Optronicsare also developing larger 32″ sized panels with 2560 x 1440 resolution and high refresh rate. Both of these larger panels offer wide colour gamut with 99% Adobe RGB listed, and look like they will feature HDR 600 support.

31.5″ size (M315KCA-E7B) borderless panel with 165Hz refresh rate. Potentially in two flavours, one normal SDR and one with HDR 600 support and both with wide colour gamut. Mass production Q3 2020

Perhaps counter-intuitively, it was 1440p resolution IPS panels that were first released with high refresh rates. The lower resolution 1080p models came a bit later.

There is already a panel option available from LG.Display(LM270WF8) which is 27″ in size and has a 1080p resolution and 144Hz refresh rate. We’ve seen some displays announced in recent times which look to be using this panel like the LG 27GL650F. The Philips 272M8 and AOC AGON AG27G2 also look to be other models announced in some regions using this panel.

Apart from those 27” AU Optronics panels with 144Hz talked about above, there were no IPS-type panels available at the time of originally writing this article in September 2016 which natively support high refresh rates. In the larger display space, display manufacturers had some solid success in overclocking a curved 34” 3440 x 1440 resolution panel which has been around for quite some years, produced by LG.Display. This IPS panel is actually natively 60Hz, but when it is combined with a G-sync module it has been possible to overclock that refresh rate up to 100Hz successfully. Monitors like the Acer Predator X34 and Asus ROG Swift PG348Q (both reviewed) were two very popular options based on this panel, and overclocked with a lot of success 3440 x 1440 @ 100Hz. They offered high refresh rate support and response times suitable to keep up the demands of the frame rate.

LG.Display were later than AUO to develop high refresh rate IPS-type panels, but their focus was largely on ultrawide models at the beginning. As a side note, all the way back in late 2015 LG.Display did actually have a 27” module (panel part LM270WF8) in their road-map which would have been their first venture in to high refresh rate IPS tech. That was a planned 1920 x 1080 @ 144Hz module, but as far as we know it was dropped and never emerged. Thankfully LG.Display are now investing in other high refresh rate IPS options, including many in the ultrawide space:

34” curved ultra-wide with 2560 x 1080 resolution and 144Hz refresh rate– production in August 2016 (panel part LM340WW2). This represented LG.Display’s first available native high refresh IPS panel. We have tested the LG 34UC79G (reviewed) which features this panel with FreeSync support. A G-sync module version was also produced since Jan 2017. Although not listed in the most recent roadmaps we’ve seen, LG.Display appear to have a slightly updated version of this panel in production during H1 2019 with the same 2560 x 1080 resolution and 144Hz refresh rate, but an increased brightness spec of 300 cd/m2 compared with the earlier 250 cd/m2 specs. That is used in the LG 34GL750 which was released late in 2019.

34” curved ultra-wide with 3440 x 1440 resolution and 100Hz refresh rate– there is also already a 3440 x 1440 resolution @ 100Hz IPS (LM340UW4) panel available and used in some popular displays like the Dell Alienware AW3418DW (reviewed) for instance, where it is also paired with a G-sync module to offer an overclocked 120Hz refresh rate. There is also the Asus ROG Swift PG349Q which uses the new 100Hz native refresh rate panel and thanks to a G-sync module also allows a 120Hz overclock. Note that the PG349Q replaced the PG348Q which was a 60Hz panel overclocked to 100Hz. Other screens with FreeSync support are also available including the Acer Predator XR342CKP for example.

34” curved ultra-wide with 3440 x 1440 resolution and 144Hz refresh rate– The 100Hz UW4 panel mentioned above has now been superseded by a higher refresh rate options, with 144Hz. There was originally a couple of new versions of the older LM340UW3 panel (which is already available as a 60Hz option) planned around late 2017 with 144Hz, but it looks like those have been scrapped and replaced by the LM340UW5 instead. This UW5 panel has been used in a couple of screens already including the LG 34GK950F and 34GK950G that we have reviewed in full. Where it has been combined with a G-sync module, so far this has required a down-clock to a maximum 120Hz because of the limitations with the G-sync v1 module. The FreeSync version of the screen can use the full 144Hz refresh rate without issue as long as you have a suitable graphics card and DisplayPort 1.4 output. Dell have also released their Dell Alienware AW3420DW which uses this same panel but again is down-clocked slightly to 120Hz because it is a Native G-sync screen.

37.5″ curved ultra-wide development– LG.Display are also investing in even larger ultra-wide screens in the curved 37.5″ space. We’ve seen the first of these appear in monitor form in September 2016 in the form of the LG 38UC99 (reviewed). These new panels offer a 24:10 aspect ratio and 3840 x 1600 resolution. The panel already in production and used in that LG screen is a maximum 75Hz refresh rate. We wouldn’t call this a “high refresh rate” but we mention it for reference.

LG.Display are now also producing a 144Hz version with the same 3840 x 1600 resolution. Originally touted for a Q4 2017 production, this slipped and was then sent to mass production late in 2019. This is the LM375QW2 panel and it has already been featured in the LG 38GL950G (reviewed) which was the first screen to make use of this new panel and also offers an overclock up to 175Hz thanks to the use of a G-sync v2 module as well.

A few of adaptive-sync displays have also been announced based on an updated version of this panel which still offers the same 3840 x 1600 resolution and 144Hz native refresh rate, but which also includes HDR 600 support. These models are the LG 37GN950 (160Hz overclock, likely H2 2020), the more business-oriented LG 38WN95C (144Hz native, also likely H2 2020) and also the MSI Optix MEG381CQR (144Hz native, Q3/Q4 2020).

49″ ultrawide with 5120 x 1440 and 144Hz– LG.Display are already producing a 32:9 aspect ratio 49″ ultrawide panel with a 60Hz refresh rate and high 5120 x 1440 resolution. They also plan to produce a 144Hz refresh rate version although production was originally not expected until Q4 2019 and this panel does not appear on the latest roadmaps we have from Dec 2019 so it may well have slipped or been pushed back. No news of any screens featuring this panel yet.

AU Optronics don’t have any ultra-wide high refresh rate IPS-type panels in their current roadmaps, instead choosing to focus on VA-type panels in that space. So it seems that they are sticking to the typical 16:9 aspect ratio market, and leaving the 34”+ ultra-wide space to LG.Display for now. Samsung have so far not planned any high refresh rate PLS panels, which is their IPS-type technology. They seem to be more focused on their VA panels at the moment as well.

We have now seen a variety of 240Hz IPS panels produced, with a range of monitors already released or announced. Some even offer overclocking features to extend 240Hz to even higher refresh rates – at the moment the maximum launched is 280Hz!

These 2400Hz IPS panels are initially available from AU Optronics and only with 1080p resolutions and in sizes of 24.5″ (M250HAN01.3) and 27″ (M270HAN03.0). The smaller version has been in production since July 2019, and the larger version slightly before since May 2019. AUO have had to work to improve response times even further to be able to cope with the high frame rate demands of 240Hz. The Acer Nitro XV273 X (reviewed) was the first screen released in 27″ and featuring the new 240Hz panel. We have also seen other models released including the Dell Alienware AW2720HF, Acer Nitro VG272X and ViewSonic Elite XG270. There is also the Asus TUF Gaming VG279QM (reviewed) which allowed for an overclocked 280Hz refresh rate from this panel, and also supported Asus’ ELMB-sync for simultaneous blur reduction and variable refresh rates. Those models are adaptive-sync and so support FreeSync and G-sync. There are also some Native G-sync module screens like the Acer Predator XB273 X.

LG.Display are also developing a 27″ IPS panel (LM270WF9) with a 1920 x 1080 resolution and 240Hz refresh rate. This will be combined with their new, lower 1ms G2G response time spec. Production has commenced since Q4 2019. A smaller 24.5″ IPS panel with 1080p and 240Hz is also planned but not until Q3 2020 at the moment. LG (the display manufacturer) announced the forthcoming release of their 27″ LG 27GN750 which features a 1080p IPS panel and 240Hz and is expected to be released in H1 2020 which is expected to use their new panel.

LG.Display also plan to develop a 27″ size 1440p IPS panel with 240Hz, with their offering including wide gamut support and also HDR 600. This isn’t expected to go in to production until Q4 2020 though.

There have been a couple of 360Hz refresh rate screens announced over the last 6 months, primarily being showcased as prototypes at CES 2020 in January. From recent information it appears that these will be IPS technology and almost certainly from AU Optronics, although official specs and details remain limited. We do know that they are 24.5″ in size and will be limited to a 1920 x 1080 resolution though. There are two 360Hz models currently announced, the Asus ROG Swift 360Hz, and the Dell Alienware AW2521H. More information on these when we get it.

In the “4K” Ultra HD resolution space, AU Optronics have produced a flat 3840 x 2160 IPS-type module (M270QAN02) with 144Hz refresh rate which was showcased at Computex all the way back in June 2016 in the form of an Asus monitor prototype. There will be two flavours of this panel, a “normal” panel and then one that supports high end HDR.

The arguably more exciting M270QAN02.2 offers an Ultra HD 3840 x 2160 resolution and 144Hz refresh rate, but also has full HDR support and a full-array local dimming (FALD) 384-zone backlight. The Asus ROG Swift PG27UQ (reviewed) was the first model announced featuring this new panel, offering a really impressive feature set even beyond the 3840 x 2160 resolution @ 144Hz which is exciting enough. See the linked review for more information but the other specs are focused on delivering high end HDR and support for NVIDIA G-sync variable refresh rates. Acer have already released a competing model, their Predator X27. AOC did have plans to release one in 2019 with their AGON AG273UG but this might have been scrapped as it never appeared. There is also the Acer ConteptD CP7271K P which is a more uniquely designed alternative coming soon.

Given that the Asus and Acer models only appeared around July/August 2018, that’s over 2 years since the prototype was shown off at Computex! It’s apparently been a massive challenge to get the FALD backlight working properly with the variable refresh rate G-sync module, and at suitable performance for fast gaming content.

LG.Displayare also now planning on getting involved with the 4K @ 144Hz market, with a 27″ panel (LM270WR8) of their own now planned with 3840 x 2160 resolution and 144Hz refresh rate. This will give an alternative option to the AU Optronics panel currently used in several 4K @ 144Hz screens which will be interesting. This is listed with HDR600 support suggesting that some kind of edge-lit local dimming will be offered, but not a FALD like the AU Optronics offerings. Production is was originally planned for Q4 2019 but this more recently slipped to Q3 2020! So LG.Display will be very late to the party here! There is the LG 27GN950 already announced which is expected to be released in H2 2020 that will use this panel.

Innolux are also developing a 28″ sized (so slightly bigger) IPS-type panel with 3840 x 2160 resolution and 144Hz refresh rate. It doesn’t offer any local dimming or HDR, but has a >90% DCI-P3 gamut. The panel (M280DCA-E7B) is planned for mass production now in Q4 2020.

The new mini LED backlight systems will support more zones with the first gaming option with high refresh expected to be a 27″ upgrade to the FALD version used for the Asus ROG Swift PG27UQ and co. The updated Mini LED version increased the zones from 384 to 576, and Asus have already announced their updated Asus ROG Swift PG27UQX display. Acer are also expected to have an updated version of their Predator X27 around the same time, although no official information has been released yet. The new Mini LED panel was originally planned for production around October 2019 but this has slipped now to Q2 2020, so don’t expect release of the new screens until H2 2020 at best.

There is a also planned 32″ panel from AUO with Mini LED which will offer an Ultra HD 3840 x 2160 resolution, 600 cd/m2 brightness (1000 cd/m2 peak), 99% Adobe RGB gamut and 120/144Hz refresh rate. We have seen a couple of screens announced so far based on this panel including the professional-oriented Asus ProArt PA32UCG and gaming Asus ROG Swift PG32UQX and Acer Predator X32. This 32″ panel isn’t scheduled to go in to production until Q2 2020 so again don’t expect to see these displays until H2 2020.

In the future, expect to see even smaller “micro LED” production to offer even more zones and direct backlighting for HDR displays. There are no dates or expectations from AUO on the use of micro LED yet though.

Related to Mini LED backlights, Innolux are also working on some exciting 31.5″ sized panel options with ‘4K’ 3840 x 2160 resolution and 144Hz refresh rates. There are three different panel options planned with varying backlight options.

The simplest is the “normal” SDR capable panel (M315DCA-K7B) with a regular backlight (i.e. no local dimming) but with 144Hz refresh rate, 90% DCI-P3 gamut. A prototype is planned for Q3 2019 but this is not expected to go in to mass production until June 2020 at the moment (3 quarters after prototype).

No news of any displays using any of these three new 31.5″ Innolux IPS panels yet. More information on these panels from Innolux in our latest news piece.

There is also a 43″ sized panel which is being used in the Korean branded Wasabi Mango UHD430 display. We are not sure who the panel manufacturer is for this screen but it is an IPS-type panel and offers a 3840 x 2160 resolution and 120Hz refresh rate. This screen lacks any variable refresh rate technology but comes at a very low price.

A few smaller 23.8″ sized screens have also started to appear recently, with a 144Hz refresh rate IPS technology panel and 1080p resolution. TheAcer Nitro VG240Y P and Philips 242M8 for instance have appeared in some regions. We believe this will be based on a panel from lesser-known manufacturer Panda who have a matching panel which went in to production in Q1 2019 (panel part LC238LF1F).

At the time of originally writing this article, there had only been a couple of high refresh rate VA panels released and used in mainstream monitors. Back in 2013 we saw a flat 23.5” panel emerge from Sharp, who aren’t really a big manufacturer of LCD panels for desktop monitors. Their 120Hz capable 1920 x 1080 VA panel was used in the very popular Eizo Foris FG2421 (reviewed). This was the first real venture in to high refresh rate VA panels and showed what was possible from that technology when response times and refresh rate were handled well.

A couple of years later on in late 2015 we saw AU Optronics release a curved 35” ultra-wide AMVA panel (M350DVR01.0) with 2560 x 1080 resolution and 144Hz refresh rate, which was used in various monitors including the BenQ XR3501 and Acer Predator Z35 (reviewed) for instance. That relatively low resolution allowed the refresh rate of 144Hz to be supported over DisplayPort 1.2 video interfaces as a full 3440 x 1440 wouldn’t be possible at that time. In some cases, like with the Acer Predator Z35, the panel was combined with a Native G-sync module and this allows overclocking of the refresh rate up to 200Hz. Although from our tests, the pixel response times were not really adequate to keep up with the frame rate and 120Hz is about the sensible limit for that panel. Response times are certainly the main challenge when trying to achieve high refresh rates on VA panels, particularly where often there are slow transitions from black > grey shades.

In the higher resolution ultra-wide space AU Optronics have AMVA panels in production with 3440 x 1440 resolution and high native refresh rates. There is the curved 35” M350QVR01.0 panel which went in to production in Sept 2016 which offers a native 100Hz refresh rate, allowing AMVA panels to rival the alternative IPS panels of the same resolution and refresh rate at that time. The first screens to be announced based on these 100Hz VA panels at 3440 x 1440 were the HP Omen X35 and AOC AGON AG352UCG (reviewed). Some later models like the AOC AGON AG352UCG6 for instance used the same 3440 x 1440 @ 100Hz panels but combined it with a G-sync module to offer a small overclock to 120Hz.

Both these 100Hz native panels were standard gamut (sRGB) and the 100Hz refresh rate was possible still using the widespread DisplayPort 1.2 video interface. Both these 100Hz native 35″ panels have gone end of life for production now since Oct 2019.

AU Optronics have also developed a 3440 x 1440 VA panel in 35″ size which has a slightly higher native 120Hz refresh rate and a move to wide colour gamut. There are available in normal and borderless versions (M350QVR01.3 and M350QVR01.5) which went in to development in September 2019 (delayed considerably from original plans dating all the way back to January 2018). It’s unclear when mass production will start at this stage.

AUO have also developed another 35″ panel (M350QVR01.7) which supports an even higher 200Hz at 3440 x 1440 and is made possible by DisplayPort 1.4 connections. This went in to mass production in Q3 2018 (delayed a long time from original plans of Q3 2017) and we reviewed the first monitor to appear with this new panel – the Asus ROG Swift PG35VQ. It’s a very high end and expensive panel option since it also features a 512-zone FALD backlight for HDR.

There is a 23.6″ sized curved VA panel produced in more recent times by AUO with a 1920 x 1080 resolution and a 144Hz refresh rate. This went in to development in Oct 2019 and should go in to mass production during Q1 2020. This is the smallest AUO VA panel with high refresh rate they produce.

There is also a lower resolution 1920 x 1080 curved version (M270HVR01.0) with 165Hz refresh rate support which went in to production around July 2017 and is still produced

The first (M300DVR01.0) has a 2560 x 1080 resolution and a 200Hz refresh rate. That’s already in mass production. The Acer Predator Z301C meets these same specs but according to the Acer spec page that model is 144Hz natively, and 200Hz with an overclock. That may be more down to the G-sync module than the panel though and looks probable that it is using this particular AUO panel.

They also used to have a curved 30” ultrawide panel with 3440 x 1440 resolution and 144Hz refresh rate which went in to production during Q3 2016 although this no longer appears on roadmaps so has probably been scrapped now.

Curved panels with 2560 x 1440 resolution and 165Hz refresh rate (M315DVR01.0 and M315DVR01.3 and M315DVR01.9). These started to go in to production since around April 2017

An updated 31.5″ curved panel (part number TBC) with the same 2560 x 1440 resolution but an increased 240Hz refresh rate is also planned although development won’t start until around April 2020 from the latest info we have, delayed from original Sept 2019 plans. It’s unclear when this will go in to mass production at the moment.

Of other interest are a couple of 43.4″ sized panels based on VA technology from AUO. This is a fairly new panel sector for AUO as sizes for gaming displays start to grow and grow. Two panels of this size are planned both with an Ultra HD 3840 x 2160 resolution and a flat format instead of curved.

The first is the M430QVN02.2 which has HDR 1000 certification and 144Hz refresh rate. That should be in mass production now as of H1 2019. The second is the M430QVN02.0 which has a slightly lower HDR 600 spec and 120Hz refresh rate, and should also be in production now as of May 2019. It looks likely that the first of these to appear will be the HDR 600 / 120Hz version which has been used in the Asus ROG Strix XG438Q (reviewed). The HDR 1000 / 144Hz version of the panel has been incorporated in to the Acer Predator CG437K P which is also now available.

Asus also look like they will release a second model at a later date, using the HDR 1000 / 144Hz panel this time – the Asus ROG Strix XG43UQand also the Asus ROG Swift PG43UQ. This is the World’s first screen to use Display Stream Compression (DSC). This will allow higher refresh rates like 144Hz along with 4K resolutions, without needing to sacrifice colour depth or chroma levels, as today’s equivalent monitors require. The Acer Predator CG437K P mentioned above with 4K @ 144Hz will require some kind of colour compression to reach the