lcd panel white spot made in china

Electronic products will have some minor problems over a long period of time, and the same is true for the stretched LCD bar screen. What kind of issues will occur when the stretched LCD bar screen is used for a long time? The stretched LCD bar screen is used for a long time, the faults of the LCD screen are rough as follows: white screen, blurry screen, black screen, dark screen, yellowing, white spot, bright line, bright band, dark line, dark band, outer membrane scratch, etc.

Among these faults, it is relatively easy to repair the dark screen, yellowing, white spots, and outer membrane scratch. The dark screen is actually the aging of the lamp tube, and it is enough to replace it directly. The yellowing and white spots are both issues of the backlight source. Corresponding backlight sheet or light guide plate can be solved. Scratching of the outer film means that the polarizer covered on the surface of the liquid crystal glass is damaged, and it can also be replaced manually.

Of course, there are many precautions when implementing these faults that can be solved by replacement. When replacing the lamp, pay attention to installing it in place to avoid light leakage; when dealing with the backlight, pay attention to dust prevention, otherwise, you will see dust spots after the screen is lit.; When replacing the polarizing film, it is necessary to avoid crushing the screen when the film is torn off, and dust is taboo. Once dust enters the film, air bubbles will be generated, the polarizing film will basically be scrapped, and the polarizing film needs to be replaced again.

The protective film of the screen is recommended to be attached when the stretched LCD bar screen is not in use, and then removed when the stretched LCD strip screen is used, which can effectively protect the chemical coating on the outer layer of the screen so that the most The outer coating will not be oxidized prematurely. During the process of using the screen, the user must not easily touch/press the LCD screen or use a hard object to contact the screen. If you don"t pay attention often, there will be scars such as white marks that can never be erased on the long LCD screen for a long time.

Are you looking for how to get rid of those irritating spots on your phone screen? This article shows you everything you need to know on how to fix pressure spots on LCD screens and how to prevent them in the future.

One of the deadliest and most frustrating issues you could have with your mobile phone is screen damages. And for pressure spots on LCD screens, it"s somewhat annoying than breaking the whole screen itself, as it requires going for replacement in most cases.

As its name implies, pressure spots on phone screens can render the display useless (or irritating, based on how you see it) by creating spots of different shapes and styles on the screen. These spots show continually, and most times, permanently on the display and can obstruct your viewing or cause other problems such as dead pixels, flickering, or blurriness.

When you apply too much pressure on your phone’s display – whether accidentally, intentionally, or carelessly, it damaged the LCD components, hence creating different spots on the display.

Pressure spots on LCD screens can come in different forms and shapes depending on the density of pressure applied. Sometimes, the spots can be whitish, deep black, or come in various colors depending on what’s currently showing on the screen.

Unfortunately, learning how to fix pressure spots on LCD screens isn"t the same as learning how to fix simple hardware and software issues. Simply put, there is no way to repair a phone screen that was damaged by pressure.

Attempting to get rid of pressure spots on LCD screens can cause more harm than good. Hence, you had better find a professional phone repairer to help you with screen replacement.

Meanwhile, some users reported that the pressure spots on their phone screen got healed after a few years. But do you want to keep seeing the same issue on your screen for years? So, a screen replacement is the only way out.

Also, if you notice pressure spots on your Syinix TV, the best thing to do is bring it down to our service centre for proper screen replacement with genuine stock parts.

Paying for screen replacement from your own pocket (especially when you don’t have any form of screen insurance or protection plan), can be a pain in the ass. However, there’s probably nothing you could have done better than learning how to protect your phone screen from pressure spots in the future.

Pressure spots on LCD screens (or any screen in general) occur accidentally or carelessly. The only way to avoid such damage in the future is to handle your phone carefully. Try as much to shun applying much pressure on the screen while playing games and performing other tasks.

Overall, the only way to prevent your phone screen from getting pressure spots in the feature is to handle it carefully whenever and wherever possible. If you ever come across the need to drop your phone somewhere, ensure you don’t place anything on it.

Taking these few things into consideration would help you protect your phone screen from pressure spots in the future, rather than looking for how to fix pressure spots on LCD screen when it happens.

Now, if you’ve accidentally applied much pressure on your phone’s screen and some spots are showing on it when you turn it on, the best thing you can do is to visit the official service provider for your device for a screen replacement. Trying to shift the spots away or performing some DIY tricks may cause more harm than good.

One of today’s modern technological wonders is the flat-panel liquid crystal display (LCD) screen, which is the key component we find inside televisions, computer monitors, smartphones, and an ever-proliferating range of gadgets that display information electronically.What most people don’t realize is how complex and sophisticated the manufacturing process is. The entire world’s supply is made within two time zones in East Asia. Unless, of course, the factory proposed by Foxconn for Wisconsin actually gets built.

Liquid crystal display (LCD) screens are manufactured by assembling a sandwich of two thin sheets of glass.On one of the sheets are transistor “cells” formed by first depositing a layer of indium tin oxide (ITO), an unusual metal alloy that you can actually see through.That’s how you can get electrical signals to the middle of a screen.Then you deposit a layer of silicon, followed by a process that builds millions of precisely shaped transistor parts.This patterning step is repeated to build up tiny little cells, one for each dot (known as a pixel) on the screen.Each step has to be precisely aligned to the previous one within a few microns.Remember, the average human hair is 40 microns in diameter.

On the other sheet of glass, you make an array of millions of red, green, and blue dots in a black matrix, called a color filter array (CFA).This is how you produce the colors when you shine light through it.Then you drop tiny amounts of liquid crystal material into the cells on the first sheet and glue the two sheets together.You have to align the two sheets so the colored dots sit right on top of the cells, and you can’t be off by more than a few microns in each direction anywhere on the sheet.The sandwich is next covered with special sheets of polarizing film, and the sheets are cut into individual “panels” – a term that is used to describe the subassembly that actually goes into a TV.

For the sake of efficiency, you would like to make as many panels on a sheet as possible, within the practical limitations of how big a sheet you can handle at a time.The first modern LCD Fabs built in the early 1990s made sheets the size of a single notebook computer screen, and the size grew over time. A Gen 5 sheet, from around 2003, is 1100 x 1300 mm, while a Gen 10.5 sheet is 2940 x 3370 mm (9.6 x 11 ft).The sheets of glass are only 0.5 - 0.7 mm thick or sometimes even thinner, so as you can imagine they are extremely fragile and can really only be handled by robots.The Hefei Gen 10.5 fab is designed to produce the panels for either eight 65 inch or six 75 inch TVs on a single mother glass.If you wanted to make 110 inch TVs, you could make two of them at a time.

The fab is enormous, 1.3 km from one end to the other, divided into three large buildings connected by bridges.LCD fabs are multi-story affairs.The main equipment floor is sandwiched between a ground floor that is filled with chemical pipelines, power distribution, and air handling equipment, and a third floor that also has a lot of air handling and other mechanical equipment.The main equipment floor has to provide a very stable environment with no vibrations, so an LCD fab typically uses far more structural steel in its construction than a typical skyscraper.I visited a Gen 5 fab in Taiwan in 2003, and the plant manager there told me they used three times as much structural steel as Taipei 101, which was the world’s tallest building from 2004- 2010.Since the equipment floor is usually one or two stories up, there are large loading docks on the outside of the building.When they bring the manufacturing equipment in, they load it onto a platform and hoist it with a crane on the outside of the building.That’s one way to recognize an LCD fab from the outside – loading docks on high floors that just open to the outdoors.

LCD fabs have to maintain strict standards of cleanliness inside.Any dust particles in the air could cause defects in the finished displays – tiny dark spots or uneven intensities on your screen.That means the air is passed through elaborate filtration systems and pushed downwards from the ceiling constantly.Workers have to wear special clean room protective clothing and scrub before entering to minimize dust particles or other contamination.People are the largest source of particles, from shedding dead skin cells, dust from cosmetic powders, or smoke particles exhaled from the lungs of workers who smoke.Clean rooms are rated by the number of particles per cubic meter of air.A class 100 cleanroom has less than 100 particles less than 0.3 microns in diameter per cubic meter of air, Class 10 has less than 10 particles, and so on. Fab 9 has hundeds of thousands of square meters of Class 100 cleanroom, and many critical areas like photolithography are Class 10.In comparison, the air in Harvard Square in Cambridge, MA is roughly Class 8,000,000, and probably gets substantially worse when an MBTA bus passes through.

The Hefei Gen 10.5 is one of the most sophisticated manufacturing plants in the world.On opening day for the fab, BOE shipped panels to Sony, Samsung Electronics, LG Electronics, Vizio, and Haier.So if you have a new 65 or 75-inch TV, there is some chance the LCD panel came from here.

Samsung Display will stop producing LCD panels by the end of the year. The display maker currently runs two LCD production lines in South Korea and two in China, according to Reuters. Samsung tells The Verge that the decision will accelerate the company’s move towards quantum dot displays, while ZDNetreports that its future quantum dot TVs will use OLED rather than LCD panels.

The decision comes as LCD panel prices are said to be falling worldwide. Last year, Nikkei reported that Chinese competitors are ramping up production of LCD screens, even as demand for TVs weakens globally. Samsung Display isn’t the only manufacturer to have closed down LCD production lines. LG Display announced it would be ending LCD production in South Korea by the end of the 2020 as well.

Last October Samsung Display announced a five-year 13.1 trillion won (around $10.7 billion) investment in quantum dot technology for its upcoming TVs, as it shifts production away from LCDs. However, Samsung’s existing quantum dot or QLED TVs still use LCD panels behind their quantum dot layer. Samsung is also working on developing self-emissive quantum-dot diodes, which would remove the need for a separate layer.

Samsung’s investment in OLED TVs has also been reported by The Elec. The company is no stranger to OLED technology for handhelds, but it exited the large OLED panel market half a decade ago, allowing rival LG Display to dominate ever since.

Although Samsung Display says that it will be able to continue supplying its existing LCD orders through the end of the year, there are questions about what Samsung Electronics, the largest TV manufacturer in the world, will use in its LCD TVs going forward. Samsung told The Vergethat it does not expect the shutdown to affect its LCD-based QLED TV lineup. So for the near-term, nothing changes.

One alternative is that Samsung buys its LCD panels from suppliers like TCL-owned CSOT and AUO, which already supply panels for Samsung TVs. Last year The Elec reported that Samsung could close all its South Korean LCD production lines, and make up the difference with panels bought from Chinese manufacturers like CSOT, which Samsung Display has invested in.

Dell offers a Premium Panel Exchange that ensures zero "bright pixel" defects on Dell Consumer, Professional, UltraSharp, and Gaming including Alienware monitors.

Unyielding commitment to quality and customer satisfaction has driven Dell to offer a Premium Panel Exchange as part of the standard limited hardware warranty. Even if one bright pixel is found, a free monitor exchange is supported during the limited hardware warranty period.

Premium Panel Exchange is available for Dell Consumer, Professional, UltraSharp, and Gaming (including Alienware) monitors that are sold with computers or as stand-alone units, with a standard 1-year or 3-year limited hardware warranty. Customers who purchase an extended warranty can also take advantage of this coverage during the limited hardware warranty period.

If you find yourself in a situation where you notice spots or white spots on your TV screen, don"t worry. This problem is known to occur on most LCD TVs and is very easy to fix. The white spots you notice are the LED backlight inside the TV.

Due to frequent use or poor quality, some parts inside the TV can get out of position and cause spots or white dots to be projected on the screen. In this article we will explain why this problem occurs and how to fix it. So let"s get started.

So what are the causes of spots or white spots on the TV screen? Spots or white spots on the LCD TV are the result of a reflector (lens) falling inside the LCD TV panel. These reflectors are placed in front of the LED backlight and are used to diffuse the LED light across the screen. They usually fall out due to poor quality or heat generated inside the TV.

When you open the TV you will find a series of LED lights covered with plastic reflectors or lenses. Most of these lenses are glued in front of the LED backlight and as the TV heats up with use, they begin to fall out and create white spots or blotches on the TV screen.

As we said earlier, these dots or white spots on the TV screen appear very often due to overheating and poor screen quality issues. Anyone who has been paying attention knows that older TV sets are practically not affected by this picture error.

This problem is mainly found in TV sets with LED backlighting, more precisely the so-called LED side backlighting. Behind the panel is a light-conducting plastic plate.

Dead pixel: every LCD and LED TV is composed of millions of pixels or dots whose main purpose is to illuminate and produce the image on the TV screen. Sometimes, the problem may occur if some pixels are damaged and get stuck in a particular state that is causing the problem and appear as white dots on the TV screen.

LED Reflectors: Every LCD TV is equipped with a reflector (lens) that helps to facilitate and diffuse the LED light on the screen. Sometimes, these bulbs become loose and come out of place. When this happens, you will notice the bright white spot on the TV screen. In most cases, you will have several white spots or spots on the screen, not just one.

To fix the problem of white spots on the TV screen, you will need to open the TV and with the help of super fast glue you will need to replace the fallen reflector.

Whether or not you have experience in repairing TVs or devices, if you follow the instructions below, I believe you will be able to repair your TV and get rid of the white spots on your TV screen. You will need to disassemble your LCD TV and return the fallen reflectors to their original position with the help of glue. What you will need is the following:

If you already own an LCD TV or have decided to buy one, the testing process is identical. I always test before deciding to buy a new LCD TV. New models can also have problems with dots or white spots.

During shipping or due to poor quality installation, round reflectors can come out of place and cause white spots. So, to test a TV before you buy it to see if the picture defect is present, you can do a simple test.

White spots (dots) on the TV screen are a very common problem with LCD TVs. Almost all LCD TVs work with a small chip made up of millions of tiny mirrors. Each mirror is like a dot or pixel on that screen.

When the focus or lens is moved from its original position, these white dots appear on the screen. But in some cases, the TV screen may suffer more damage than just a shifted spotlight or a dead pixel, and it may cost you more than a new TV.

Therefore, it is recommended that you contact a specialist if you notice that the problem is not just with the shifted spotlights but something else. Note that if your TV is under warranty, it is recommended that you contact a service center and let them take care of this problem. They have more experience with this type of problem and will fix your TV for free.

The problem of spots or white spots on the TV screen is nothing new and can appear on almost any LCD or LED TV, whether they are brand new or used. We have already mentioned in this article that this problem can be solved very easily and you don"t need to be afraid.

You can take the TV apart and see if the reflective lenses have fallen out and use super glue to put them back in place. If you don"t think you can fix this on your own, contact a TV service technician and let them do the work. I hope we"ve helped you at least a little and that you can fix the white spots on your TV screen.

Today’s vivid, immersive displays rely on layers of Corning glass to provide a stunning viewing experience. Wherever you look for news and entertainment, chances are Corning glass is there, too. We are the science and engineering powerhouse behind revolutionary display inventions, including glass cathode-ray bulbs for the first televisions and the LCD glass that made smartphones and laptop computers commonplace. We set the standard for the industry with Corning® EAGLE XG® Slim Glass substrates, manufacturing over 25 billion square feet — enough to pave the Great Wall of China 25 times, or cover nearly 390,000 football fields — while eliminating the equivalent of 6,000 truckloads of heavy metals from entering the environment. Today, we continue to enable the display industry and emerging technologies with our three-glass portfolio.

New design freedoms are taking shape with Corning LotusTMNXT Glass. Thanks to Corning Lotus NXT Glass, devices with OLED displays that curve, flex, or extend edge-to-edge across a device are all within reach.  Flexible OLED devices use a plastic backplane substrate, which calls for Corning’s high-tech display glass to enable the manufacturing process —to date, it"s enabled more than 2 billion OLED devices. Corning Lotus NXT Glass continues to emerge as the leader most-advantaged glass for rigid and flexible OLED panels – outperforming competitors and enabling the designs and performance that consumers love.

Looking beyond incumbent LCD and OLED display technology, Corning"s display portfolio is finding new opportunities in emerging technology applications, including Quantum Dot, Micro LED and Mini LED. With our proven track record of successfully navigating the display technology roadmap, our proprietary fusion manufacturing platform and reliable supply network, our commitment to our customers and innovation, and our innovative portfolio, we are excited to support the next generation of displays.

So my steam deck came and so far I love this thing but have a small issue. On the top right side of the screen there is a brighter spot. It’s maybe 3mm round. It’s not a stuck pixel but looks like something is in between the lcd or maybe something is putting pressure on it. I only see it on white screens or blue skies. It’s not bad enough that it catches my eye and since it’s in the top corner I don’t notice while playing games. If there is not a bright uniform Colour it does not show at all even looking for it. The rest of my deck is great, no button issues, stick drift, screen bleed or dead pixels and fan noise is a none issue. Would you guys recommend doing a RMA or just stick with what I have? Thanks

A backlight is a form of illumination used in liquid crystal displays (LCDs). As LCDs do not produce light by themselves—unlike, for example, cathode ray tube (CRT), plasma (PDP) or OLED displays—they need illumination (ambient light or a special light source) to produce a visible image. Backlights illuminate the LCD from the side or back of the display panel, unlike frontlights, which are placed in front of the LCD. Backlights are used in small displays to increase readability in low light conditions such as in wristwatches,smart phones, computer displays and LCD televisions to produce light in a manner similar to a CRT display. A review of some early backlighting schemes for LCDs is given in a report Engineering and Technology History by Peter J. Wild.

Simple types of LCDs such as in pocket calculators are built without an internal light source, requiring external light sources to convey the display image to the user. Most LCD screens, however, are built with an internal light source. Such screens consist of several layers. The backlight is usually the first layer from the back. Light valves then vary the amount of light reaching the eye, by blocking its passage in some way. Most use a fixed polarizing filter and a switching one, to block the undesired light.

Backlights come in many colors. Monochrome LCDs typically have yellow, green, blue, or white backlights, while color displays use white backlights that cover most of the color spectrum.

Colored LED backlighting is most commonly used in small, inexpensive LCD panels. White LED backlighting is becoming dominant. ELP backlighting is often used for larger displays or when even backlighting is important; it can also be either colored or white. An ELP must be driven by relatively highAC power, which is provided by an inverter circuit. CCFL backlights are used on larger displays such as computer monitors, and are typically white in color; these also require the use of an inverter and diffuser. Incandescent backlighting was used by early LCD panels to achieve high brightness, but the limited life and excess heat produced by incandescent bulbs were severe limitations. The heat generated by incandescent bulbs typically requires the bulbs to be mounted away from the display to prevent damage.

For several years (until about 2010), the preferred backlight for matrix-addressed large LCD panels such as in monitors and TVs was based on a cold-cathode fluorescent lamp (CCFL) by using two CCFLs at opposite edges of the LCD or by an array of CCFLs behind the LCD (see picture of an array with 18 CCFLs for a 40-inch LCD TV). Due to the disadvantages in comparison with LED illumination (higher voltage and power needed, thicker panel design, no high-speed switching, faster aging), LED backlighting is becoming more popular.

LED backlighting in color screens comes in two varieties: white LED backlights and RGB LED backlights.blue LED with broad spectrum yellow phosphor to result in the emission of white light. However, because the spectral curve peaks at yellow, it is a poor match to the transmission peaks of the red and green color filters of the LCD. This causes the red and green primaries to shift toward yellow, reducing the color gamut of the display.a red, a blue, and a green LED and can be controlled to produce different color temperatures of white. RGB LEDs for backlighting are found in high end color proofing displays such as the HP DreamColor LP2480zx monitor or selected HP EliteBook notebooks, as well as more recent consumer-grade displays such as Dell"s Studio series laptops which have an optional RGB LED display.

RGB LEDs can deliver an enormous color gamut to screens.additive color) the backlight can produce a color spectrum that closely matches the color filters in the LCD pixels themselves. In this way, the filter passband can be narrowed so that each color component lets only a very narrow band of spectrum through the LCD. This improves the efficiency of the display since less light is blocked when white is displayed. Also, the actual red, green, and blue points can be moved farther out so that the display is capable of reproducing more vivid colors.

A newNanosys, claims that the color output of the dots can be tuned precisely by controlling the size of the nanocrystals. Other companies pursuing this method are Nanoco Group PLC (UK), QD Vision, 3M a licensee of Nanosys and Avantama of Switzerland.Sony has adapted Quantum Dot technology from the US company QD Visionedge-lit LED backlight marketed under the term Triluminos in 2013. With a blue LED and optimized nanocrystals for green and red colors in front of it, the resulting combined white light allows for an equivalent or better color gamut than that emitted by a more expensive set of three RGB LEDs. At the Consumer Electronics Show 2015, Samsung Electronics, LG Electronics, the Chinese TCL Corporation and Sony showed QD-enhanced LED-backlighting of LCD TVs.

CCFL backlighting has also improved in this respect. Many LCD models, from cheap TN-displays to color proofing S-IPS or S-PVA panels, have wide gamut CCFLs representing more than 95% of the NTSC color specification.

There are several challenges with LED backlights. Uniformity is hard to achieve, especially as the LEDs age, with each LED aging at a different rate. Also, the use of three separate light sources for red, green, and blue means that the white point of the display can move as the LEDs age at different rates; white LEDs are also affected by this phenomenon, with changes of several hundred kelvins being recorded. White LEDs also suffer from blue shifts at higher temperatures varying from 3141K to 3222K for 10 °C to 80 °C respectively.Benq G2420HDB consumer display has a 49W consumption compared to the 24W of the LED version of the same display (G2420HDBL).

To overcome the aforementioned challenges with RGB and white LED backlights an "advanced remote phosphor" cockpit displays,Air Traffic Control displays and medical displays. This technology uses blue pump LEDs in combination with a sheet on which phosphorous luminescent materials are printed for colour conversion. The principle is similar to Quantum Dots, but the phosphors applied are much more robust than the quantum dot nano-particles for applications that require long lifetime in more demanding operational conditions. Because the phosphor sheet is placed at a distance (remote) of the LED it experiences much less temperature stress than phosphors in white LEDs. As a result, the white point is less dependent on individual LEDs, and degrading of individual LEDs over lifetime, leading to a more homogenous backlight with improved colour consistency and lower lumen depreciation.

The use of LED backlights in notebook computers has been growing. Sony has used LED backlights in some of its higher-end slim VAIO notebooks since 2005, and Fujitsu introduced notebooks with LED backlights in 2006. In 2007, Asus, Dell, and Apple introduced LED backlights into some of their notebook models. As of 2008Lenovo has also announced LED-backlit notebooks. In October 2008, Apple announced that it would be using LED backlights for all of its notebooks and new 24-inch Apple Cinema Display, and one year later it introduced a new LED iMac, meaning all of Apple"s new computer screens are now LED. Almost every laptop with a 16:9 display introduced since September 2009 uses LED-backlit panels. This is also the case for most LCD television sets, which are marketed in some countries under the misleading name LED TV, although the image is still generated by an LCD panel.

Most LED backlights for LCDs are edge-lit, i.e. several LEDs are placed at the edges of a lightguide (Light guide plate, LGP), which distributes the light behind the LC panel. Advantages of this technique are the very thin flat-panel construction and low cost. A more expensive version is called full-array or direct LED and consists of many LEDs placed behind the LC panel (an array of LEDs), such that large panels can be evenly illuminated. This arrangement allows for local dimming to obtain darker black pixels depending on the image displayed.

For a non-ELP backlight to produce even lighting, which is critical for displays, the light is first passed through a lightguide (Light guide plate, LGP) - a specially designed layer of plastic that diffuses the light through a series of unevenly spaced bumps. The density of bumps increases further away from the light source according to a diffusion equation. The diffused light then travels to either side of the diffuser; the front faces the actual LCD panel, the back has a reflector to guide otherwise wasted light back toward the LCD panel. The reflector is sometimes made of aluminum foil or a simple white-pigmented surface.

The LCD backlight systems are made highly efficient by applying optical films such as prismatic structure to gain the light into the desired viewer directions and reflective polarizing films that recycle the polarized light that was formerly absorbed by the first polarizer of the LCD (invented by Philips researchers Adrianus de Vaan and Paulus Schaareman),

Dimming options for LCD brightness; J. Moronski; Electronicproducts.com; 3 Januari 2004; "Dimming options for LCD brightness control". March 2004. Archived from the original on 2017-07-28. Retrieved 2017-11-20.

LCD Television Power Draw Trends from 2003 to 2015; B. Urban and K. Roth; Fraunhofer USA Center for Sustainable Energy Systems; Final Report to the Consumer Technology Association; May 2017; "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2017-08-01. Retrieved 2017-11-20.link)

► When the leading Korean players Samsung Display and LG Display exit LCD production, BOE will be the most significant player in the LCD market. Though OLED can replace the LCD, it will take years for it to be fully replaced.

► As foreign companies control evaporation material and machines, panel manufacturers seek a cheaper way to mass-produce OLED panels – inkjet printing.

When mainstream consumer electronics brands choose their device panels, the top three choices are Samsung Display, LG Display (LGD) and BOE (000725:SZ) – the first two from Korea and the third from China. From liquid-crystal displays (LCD) to active-matrix organic light-emitting diode (AMOLED), display panel technology has been upgrading with bigger screen products.

From the early 1990s, LCDs appeared and replaced cathode-ray tube (CRT) screens, which enabled lighter and thinner display devices. Japanese electronics companies like JDI pioneered the panel technology upgrade while Samsung Display and LGD were nobodies in the field. Every technology upgrade or revolution is a chance for new players to disrupt the old paradigm.

The landscape was changed in 2001 when Korean players firstly made a breakthrough in the Gen 5 panel technology – the later the generation, the bigger the panel size. A large panel size allows display manufacturers to cut more display screens from one panel and create bigger-screen products. "The bigger the better" is a motto for panel makers as the cost can be controlled better and they can offer bigger-size products to satisfy the burgeoning middle-class" needs.

LCD panel makers have been striving to realize bigger-size products in the past four decades. The technology breakthrough of Gen 5 in 2002 made big-screen LCD TV available and it sent Samsung Display and LGD to the front row, squeezing the market share of Japanese panel makers.

The throne chair of LCD passed from Japanese companies to Korean enterprises – and now Chinese players are clinching it, replacing the Koreans. After twenty years of development, Chinese panel makers have mastered LCD panel technology and actively engage in large panel R&D projects. Mass production created a supply surplus that led to drops in LCD price. In May 2020, Samsung Display announced that it would shut down all LCD fabs in China and Korea but concentrate on quantum dot LCD (Samsung calls it QLED) production; LGD stated that it would close LCD TV panel fabs in Korea and focus on organic LED (OLED). Their retreats left BOE and China Stars to digest the LCD market share.

Consumer preference has been changing during the Korean fab"s recession: Bigger-or-not is fine but better image quality ranks first. While LCD needs the backlight to show colors and substrates for the liquid crystal layer, OLED enables lighter and flexible screens (curvy or foldable), higher resolution and improved color display. It itself can emit lights – no backlight or liquid layer is needed. With the above advantages, OLED has been replacing the less-profitable LCD screens.

Samsung Display has been the major screen supplier for high-end consumer electronics, like its own flagship cell phone products and Apple"s iPhone series. LGD dominated the large OLED TV market as it is the one that handles large-size OLED mass production. To further understand Korean panel makers" monopolizing position, it is worth mentioning fine metal mask (FMM), a critical part of the OLED RGB evaporation process – a process in OLED mass production that significantly affects the yield rate.

Prior to 2018, Samsung Display and DNP"s monopolistic supply contract prevented other panel fabs from acquiring quality FMM products as DNP bonded with Hitachi Metal, the "only" FMM material provider choice for OLED makers. After the contract expired, panel makers like BOE could purchase FFM from DNP for their OLED R&D and mass production. Except for FFM materials, vacuum evaporation equipment is dominated by Canon Tokki, a Japanese company. Its role in the OLED industry resembles that of ASML in the integrated circuit space. Canon Tokki"s annual production of vacuum evaporation equipment is fewer than ten and thereby limits the total production of OLED panels that rely on evaporation technology.

The shortage of equipment and scarcity of materials inspired panel fabs to explore substitute technology; they discovered that inkjet printing has the potential to be the thing to replace evaporation. Plus, evaporation could be applied to QLED panels as quantum dots are difficult to be vaporized. Inkjet printing prints materials (liquefied organic gas or quantum dots) to substrates, saving materials and breaking free from FMM"s size restriction. With the new tech, large-size OLED panels can theoretically be recognized with improved yield rate and cost-efficiency. However, the tech is at an early stage when inkjet printing precision could not meet panel manufacturers" requirements.

Display and LGD are using evaporation on their OLED products. To summarize, OLED currently adopts evaporation and QLED must go with inkjet printing, but evaporation is a more mature tech. Technology adoption will determine a different track for the company to pursue. With inkjet printing technology, players are at a similar starting point, which is a chance for all to run to the front – so it is for Chinese panel fabs. Certainly, panel production involves more technologies (like flexible panels) than evaporation or inkjet printing and only mastering all required technologies can help a company to compete at the same level.

Presently, Chinese panel fabs are investing heavily in OLED production while betting on QLED. BOE has four Gen 6 OLED product lines, four Gen 8.5 and one Gen 10.5 LCD lines; China Star, controlled by the major appliance titan TCL, has invested two Gen 6 OLED fabs and four large-size LCD product lines.

Remembering the last "regime change" that occurred in 2005 when Korean fabs overtook Japanese" place in the LCD market, the new phase of panel technology changed the outlook of the industry. Now, OLED or QLED could mark the perfect time for us to expect landscape change.

After Samsung Display and LGD ceding from LCD TV productions, the vacant market share will be digested by BOE, China Star and other LCD makers. Indeed, OLED and QLED have the potential to take over the LCD market in the future, but the process may take more than a decade. Korean companies took ten years from panel fab"s research on OLED to mass production of small- and medium-size OLED electronics. Yet, LCD screen cell phones are still available in the market.

LCD will not disappear until OLED/QLED"s cost control can compete with it. The low- to middle-end panel market still prefers cheap LCD devices and consumers are satisfied with LCD products – thicker but cheaper. BOE has been the largest TV panel maker since 2019. As estimated by Informa, BOE and China Star will hold a duopoly on the flat panel display market.

BOE"s performance seems to have ridden on a roller coaster ride in the past several years. Large-size panel mass production like Gen 8.5 and Gen 10.5 fabs helped BOE recognize the first place in production volume. On the other side, expanded large-size panel factories and expenses of OLED product lines are costly: BOE planned to spend CNY 176.24 billion (USD 25.92 billion) – more than Tibet"s 2019 GDP CNY 169.78 billion – on Chengdu and Mianyang"s Gen 6 AMOLED lines and Hefei and Wuhan"s Gen 10.5 LCD lines.

Except for making large-size TVs, bigger panels can cut out more display screens for smaller devices like laptops and cell phones, which are more profitable than TV products. On its first-half earnings concall, BOE said that it is shifting its production focus to cell phone and laptop products as they are more profitable than TV products. TV, IT and cell phone products counted for 30%, 44% and 33% of its productions respectively and the recent rising TV price may lead to an increased portion of TV products in the short term.

Except for outdoor large screens, TV is another driver that pushes panel makers to research on how to make bigger and bigger screens. A research done by CHEARI showed that Chinese TV sales dropped by 10.6% to CNY 128.2 billion from 2018 to 2019. Large-size TV sales increased as a total but the unit price decreased; high-end products like laser TV and OLED TV saw a strong growth of 131.2% and 34.1%, respectively.

Millions of young white-collars support the co-leasing business in China and breed the six-billion-dollar Ziroom, a unicorn company that provides rental and real estate management services. As apartments can be leased by single rooms instead of the whole apartment, living rooms become a public area while tenants prefer to stay in their private zones – it hints that the bedroom is too small to fit in a TV.

The demand for different products may vary as lifestyles change and panel fabs need to make on-time judgments and respond to the change. For instance, the coming Olympics is a new driving factor to boost TV sales; "smart city" projects around the world will need more screens for data visualization; people will own more screens and better screens when life quality improves. Flexible screens, cost-efficient production process, accessible materials, changing market and all these problems are indeed the next opportunity for the industry.

WO1602I3 and WO1602I5 are two models of 16 characters by 2 lines of COG LCD P/N WO1602I with PCB board on module. WO1602I3 and WO1602I5 are built in with ST7032i IC; it supports I2C interface. The advantage of WO1602I3/WO1602I5 is having circuit layout on PCB board and with screw holes which make modules can be fixed on customers’ applications easily. Also, there are three kinds of connector pitch sizes of 2.54mm (default), 1.0mm and 0.5mm for options.

The supply voltage for logic (VDD) of WO1602I3 is 3.3V; as to the WO1602I5 is 5V, 1/16 duty circle, 1/5 bias. The module can be operating at temperatures from -20℃ to +70℃; its storage temperatures range from -30℃ to +80℃. WO1602I3 and WO1602I5 are available in FSTN positive Transflective LCD and with White LED backlight; please contact us if you need different types of LCDs or LED combinations.

WO12864K and WO12864K1 models are monochrome COG graphic LCD modules made of 128x64 dot matrix format. WO12864K/WO12864K1 COG Module is built in with ST7565 IC, it supports 8-bit 6800, 8-bit 8080 parallel and 4-wire serial SPI interface, power supply voltage 3V, VOP 9.5V, 1/65 duty. The WO12864K item is adopted ST7565V IC which is built-in with negative voltage, as to the WO12864K1 item is adopted ST7565P IC which is built- in with positive voltage.

This module can be operating at temperatures from -20℃ to +70℃; its storage temperatures range from -30℃ to +80℃. WO12864K/K1 are available in STN Negative, Blue Transmissive LCD and with White LED backlight. Please contact us if you need different types of LCDs or LED combinations.

WO128128A2 model is a round COG LCD display WO128128A model with a PCB board on module. This Round STN COG module is built in with ST75161 IC; it supports 8080 parallel (default), 6800 parallel, 3-wire and 4-wire serial SPI, I2C interface, power supply voltage 3V, 1/136 driving duty, 1/12 BIAS. The advantage of WO128128A2 is having circuit layout on PCB board and with screw holes which make modules can be fixed on customers’ applications easily. Also, there are three kinds of connector pitch sizes of 2.54mm (default), 1.0mm and 0.5mm for options. WO128128A2 also have VDD 5V power supply voltage for optional.

The supply voltage for logic of WO128128A2 is 2.7V to 3.3V, typical value 3V. This module can be operating at temperatures from -20℃ to +70℃; its storage temperatures range from -30℃ to +80℃. WO128128A2 is available in FSTN positive LCD type with white LED backlight. Please contact us if you need different types of LCDs or LED combinations.

WO240128B2 model is a COG LCD display WO240128B model with a PCB board on module, which is made of 240x128 dots. WO240128B2 is built in with ST7586S controller IC; it supports 6800 8-bit (default), 8080 8-bit parallel and serial SPI interface, power supply voltage 3.3V, 1/128 duty, 1/12 Bias. The advantage of WO240128B2 is having circuit layout on PCB board and with screw holes which make modules can be fixed on customers’ applications easily. Also, there are three kinds of connector pitch sizes of 2.54mm (default), 1.0mm and 0.5mm for options. WO240128B2 also have VDD 5V power supply voltage for optional.

This WO240128B2 module can be operating at temperatures from -20℃ to +70℃; its storage temperatures range from -30℃ to +80℃. The WO240128B2 is available for FSTN positive Transflective with white LED backlight. Please contact us if you need different types of LCDs or LED combinations.

WO256128A2 model is a COG LCD display WO256128A model featured with a PCB board on module which is made of 256x128 dots, diagonal size 2.9 inch. WO256128A2 is built in with ST75256 controller IC, it supports 8080 8-bit parallel (default), 6800 8-bit and 4-wire serial SPI and I2C interface, power supply voltage 3.3V, 1/128 duty, 1/12 Bias. The advantage of WO256128A2 is having circuit layout on PCB board and with screw holes which make modules can be fixed on customers’ applications easily. Also, there are three kinds of connector pitch sizes of 2.54mm (default), 1.0mm and 0.5mm for options. WO256128A2 also have VDD 5V power supply voltage for optional.

WO256128A2 module can be operating at temperatures from -20℃ to +70℃; its storage temperatures range from -30℃ to +80℃. The WO256128A2 is available for FSTN positive Transflective with white LED backlight. Please contact us if you need different types of LCDs or LED combinations.