diy programmed oculus rift dk1 screen 7 lcd panel for sale

I have wanted virtual reality ever since I watched "The Lawnmower Man" as a kid, my first attempt at virtual reality was the VictorMaxx Stuntmaster in the 1990s, LOL, yea it was bad, next was Elsa wired shutter glasses, a Nvidia card, and a CRT monitor, that was early 2000s, worked well but gave me headaches, and did not play well with my prescription glasses, after that I gave up, everything that worked well was to costly, and everything that was cheap was not worth using, but then not to long ago, I kept hearing about the Oculus Rift, and I wanted one, but even at $350.00 its a little to costly for me to buy unless I save up for a few months, so I decided to try DIY, and to keep the cost low, around $100.

I put in an order for an Air mouse today should be here later this week, I found out that when using Vireio Perception that the Oculus Rift settings seem to work better than just side by side, the Oculus Rift settings let you see more of the game, one problem I have is that some of the hot glue holding the LCD to the Plexiglass has came lose, but it should be an easy fix, the Plexiglass may not have been clean enough or might be to slick, I will clean the Plexiglass with alcohol and then rough up the Plexiglass a bit with sand paper before hot gluing it again.

I have been looking for demos or anything to play with and have been pretty disappointed, most seem to not want to work or go into VR mode because they fail to detect the Oculus Rift

I then covered the screen with the piece of sheet protector, at first it was hard to notice a change, but when playing a real video like one of the Oculus Rift GoPro movies on YouTube the image is improved, it is a very small improvement, but I like it, reminds me of an old 1980s CRT TV, LOL.

I used the file "FoculusEDID1.dat", and my screen went dead, but I was able to re-flash with the one I made up, but it kinda scared me, LOL, ALWAYS MAKE A BACKUP, later this week I am going to make up another EDID that works just for my LCD and see what it does, and not just use a copy of the Oculus Rift EDID, I am thinking all you need is to change a few values to fool the Oculus Rift software, and leave everything else alone in your original EDID.

but then I ran into a problem, my LCD would not stay programed with my custom EDID, every time I cut power to the LCD it would revert back to the factory EDID, that BTW was not even correct for the LCD

I like my DIY Rift a lot, but its got a few shortcomings, its heavy, and its low resolution, playing older games like Unreal and Quake are amazing, but trying to watch video is just awful, and some games like GTA San Andreas don"t fair so well with the low resolution, its a mixed bag.

I think there is a place for a cheap low resolution version of the Rift, and I know it can be made at the $100-$150 price range because I made one, the question is how low a resolution can you go and it still be usable, I think the 1024x600 LCD I use is the bottom limit, and I think 1280x720 or 1280x800 is the lowest "acceptable" resolution for something factory made.

I would have loved to get one, but my credit card will not work for overseas orders, but I can buy stuff through Amazon thats from China, not to happy about the month long or longer shipping, but I can, I had that $50 screen with only two days of shipping, that"s why I got it, it was quick and cheap, later I might upgrade to a better screen, but I kinda want to wait for the consumer version of the Oculus Rift, and I hope it comes out at the end of the year, or sooner, but I think I remember something about 2015

Its got a lot more to it than the DIY EDID spoofer I made LOL, I am using it right now, unfortunately it does not seem to like being programed from the computer, and would not copy the EDID from the DIY EDID spoofer, maybe it needs something I don"t know about to work with the EDID spoofer, it will copy the EDID from a monitor with no problem, and I was able to program my LCD with the modified EDID, then use the ConnectPRO to copy that EDID.

The ConnectPRO does help me because its better made than my EDID spoofer, and unlike my LCD that loses the custom EDID after it loses power, the ConnectPRO will store the EDID until you press its DDC button, I just wish it was easier to program with a custom EDID, I may keep an old junk LCD around just to flash with my custom EDID so the ConnectPRO has something to copy it from LOL, another option "might" be that the EDID chip on the ConnectPRO could be programed directly with something like PonyProg, I did see a 24LC02B on the bottom of the ConnectPRO.

the only thing I dislike is that it came un-programmed, it does not have any EDID programmed, and will not work out of the box on a computer, you will have to program it using something like this:

I printed a second copy of the 3D printed parts because I had modified the original parts too much and also used some more aluminum carpet trim, BTW I got an 8 foot long piece of aluminum carpet trim for $7, I looked at flat aluminum stock, it was double the price.

After using it a little, its much better, but the screen door problem is back, but its something I can deal with, but I do wonder if I should have applied some laminating pouch to the LCD before I put it together, I worry that removing the screws from the 3D printed parts to many times will strip the holes out, it"s a large improvement over the 1024x600 LCD, and videos are just good enough to watch now with the 1280x800 LCD, I wish I had started with the better LCD.

Well, its not 100% better, I know I went from 512x300 for each eye to 640x400 for each eye, but it feels about 50% to 60% better, it seems strange to me that just a few more pixels makes that huge of a difference, BUT there is a difference in LCDs however, the new LCD seems to have more LCD ghosting, the new LCD also has "some" rainbow effect on different objects and text, so its not perfect.

I have tried many more games and the LCD ghosting only seems to be in a few games, not in all of them, but the rainbow effect on bright white text I have seen on most games, not sure whats going on, might just be software, also some games work well with head tracking, others seem to have a drift, or they always seem to have a lean, maybe another software problem.

Could you tell what the need is to edit the EDID? Do you have to do the above steps or can you just flash the bin file straight from the dk1 to your EEPROM? This is just to insure maximum compatibility?

nah89 wrote:Could you tell what the need is to edit the EDID? Do you have to do the above steps or can you just flash the bin file straight from the dk1 to your EEPROM? This is just to insure maximum compatibility?

The 1024x600 LCD I first used, used different settings in the EDID than the Oculus Rift EDID, if I had used the unedited Oculus Rift EDID on the 1024x600 LCD, it would have had the wrong scaling, refresh rate, colors would have been off, stuff like that, the 1024x600 LCD will not work properly with the unedited Oculus Rift EDID.

So the N070ICG-LD1 LCD may not be an exact match, but it"s close, I still may have to edit the EDID later, like the color settings or timings, but for now the N070ICG-LD1 seems to work well with the Oculus Rift EDID.

Something I want to add, the RX-S702 / TKH702S automotive monitor I got the 1024x600 aa0700023001 LCD and controller from had the wrong EDID from the factory, it was using an EDID from a regular desktop monitor, but it worked, scaling was pretty good and colors were nice, so you don"t always need the correct or perfect EDID, just one that works.

It"s interesting that that LCD is so much cheaper than the defacto one used for the diy rifts. Even without the controller board the N070ICG-LD1 LCD comes out to around 50. I wonder if anyone has done a build with it?

When looking at it I understand that the HDMI pin 17 goes straight to A0, A1, A2, and VSS, pin 16 goes to SDA and VCC with the 5v coming from the USB to it with a 47K resistor connecting it to the cable coming from SCL and then also has another resistor between SDA and VCC. Pin 15 goes to SCL and then is also connected to the cable coming from pin 16 with the resistor. Right? Also why does the box mention pin 18 for 5v if it"s not connected to the spoofer circuit?

It"s interesting that that LCD is so much cheaper than the defacto one used for the diy rifts. Even without the controller board the N070ICG-LD1 LCD comes out to around 50. I wonder if anyone has done a build with it?

When looking at it I understand that the HDMI pin 17 goes straight to A0, A1, A2, and VSS, pin 16 goes to SDA and VCC with the 5v coming from the USB to it with a 47K resistor connecting it to the cable coming from SCL and then also has another resistor between SDA and VCC. Pin 15 goes to SCL and then is also connected to the cable coming from pin 16 with the resistor. Right? Also why does the box mention pin 18 for 5v if it"s not connected to the spoofer circuit?

Here is the image I found back in the mid 2000s, using a 24LC21 chip for a Sony PSone LCD, it might help you understand a little better, back then people were trying to use the Sony PSone LCD in cars, for computers and video projectors, but it was not designed for that, so people hacked it

but then ran into problems, first was that 75Hz was giving me discoloration, but 70Hz worked just fine, the second problem was that my main display would only do 60Hz at 1280×800, and for most stuff I clone the displays, when you clone displays it uses the lowest refresh rate, so I was back to 60Hz, then I tried Steam, the Steam games like Half-Life 2 use an extended display setup for VR, showing the game on the extended display not the main desktop, but Steam kept switching displays in VR mode, showing the desktop in my DIY HMD, or a blank screen, when I tried running Half-Life 2 and selecting VR mode in game it said the VR hardware was not detected, but the Oculus Rift configuration utility shows everything plugged-in, not sure what"s the problem.

Oculus Rift is a discontinued line of virtual reality headsets developed and manufactured by Oculus VR, a division of Meta Platforms, released on March 28, 2016.

In 2012 Oculus initiated a Kickstarter campaign to fund the Rift"s development, after being founded as an independent company two months prior. The project proved successful, raising almost US$2.5 million from around 10,000 contributors.Facebook for $2 billion.

The Rift went through various pre-production models since the Kickstarter campaign, around five of which were demonstrated to the public before reaching its commercial release. Two of these models were shipped to backers, labelled as development kits; the DK1 in mid 2013 and DK2 in mid-2014, intended to provide developers with a platform to develop content in time for the Rift"s release. However, both were also purchased by many enthusiasts who wished to get an early preview of the technology.Oculus Rift S.

Through Meant to be Seen (MTBS)"s virtual reality and 3D discussion forums,Palmer Luckey, the founder of Oculus and longtime MTBS discussion forum moderator,head-mounted display that was both more effective than what was then on the market, and inexpensive for gamers.

In June 2012, during the E3 convention, Carmack introduced a duct taped head-mounted display based on Luckey"s Oculus Rift prototype, which ran Carmack"s own software. The unit featured a high speed IMU and a 5.6-inch (14 cm) LCD, visible via dual lenses, that were positioned over the eyes to provide a 90 degrees horizontal and 110 degrees vertical stereoscopic 3D perspective.

Two months after being formed as a company, Palmer"s Oculus VR launched a Kickstarter crowdfunding campaign on August 1, 2012 for their virtual reality headset, named the Rift. The main purpose of the Kickstarter was to get an Oculus Rift prototype—now referred to as DK1 (Development Kit 1)—into the hands of developers to begin integration of the device into their games.

The Rift DK1 was released on March 29, 2013,screen door effect and making individual pixels less noticeable. The LCD is brighter and the color depth is 24 bits per pixel.

The 7-inch screen also makes the stereoscopic 3D no longer 100% overlapping, the left eye seeing extra area to the left and the right eye seeing extra area to the right, in which there is no 3D depth perception. The field of view (FOV) is more than 90 degrees horizontal (110 degrees diagonal), which is more than double the FOV of previous VR devices from other companies, and is the primary strength of the device. The resolution is 1280×800 (16:10 aspect ratio), which leads to an effective of 640×800 per eye (4:5 aspect ratio). However, since the device does not feature a 100% overlap between the eyes, the combined horizontal resolution is effectively greater than 640. The image for each eye is shown in the panel as a barrel distorted image that is then corrected by pincushion effect created by lenses in the headset, generating a spherical-mapped image for each eye.

Initial prototypes used a Hillcrest Labs 3DoF head tracker that is normally 125 Hz, with a special firmware requested by John Carmack that makes it run at 250 Hz, tracker latency being vital due to the dependency of virtual reality"s realism on response time. The latest version includes Oculus"s new 1000 Hz Adjacent Reality Tracker, which aims to provide much lower latency tracking than almost any other tracker. It uses a combination of three-axis gyros, accelerometers, and magnetometers, which make it capable of absolute (relative to Earth) head orientation tracking without drift.

The entire source for the Rift DK1 was released to the public in September 2014, including the firmware, schematics, and mechanicals for the device. The firmware is released under a simplified BSD license, while the schematics and mechanicals are released under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

In June 2013, a prototype of the Rift that used a 1080p LCD panel was shown at Electronic Entertainment Expo. This step forwards to twice the number of pixels as DK1 significantly reduced the screen door effect and made objects in the virtual world more clear, especially at a distance. The poor resolution had been the main criticism of the DK1.

A teardown of DK2 revealed that it incorporates a modified Samsung Galaxy Note 3 smartphone display, including the front panel from the device itself.

In September 2014, Oculus once again presented an updated version of the Rift, codenamed Crescent Bay. This version has a greater resolution than the DK2, a lower weight, built-in audio, and 360-degree tracking thanks to the presence of tracking LEDs in the back of the headset.HRTF and reverb algorithms.SXSW 2015, titled "Explore the Future of VR", it was publicly announced for the first time that the prototype uses two screens instead of one as previously thought.

On May 21, 2019, Oculus began shipping a new VR headset known as Rift S.computer vision to predict what path the HMD and controllers are most likely to take.

The Oculus Rift runtime officially supports Microsoft Windows, macOS, and Linux. The installation package includes components such as the headset driver (which includes Oculus Display driver and controller drivers), Positional Tracking Sensor driver, Oculus Service, and Oculus Home Application.asynchronous timewarp, and asynchronous spacewarp.

When the user puts on the Rift and no other content is being outputted to the headset, they are presented with Oculus Home. This is the default environment of the Rift, which presents them with a loft environment and a floating menu, allowing the user to launch VR applications they own, see if their friends are using the Rift, and purchase virtual reality content on the Oculus Home store from the headset.

Oculus maintains a market place for applications for the headsets. The listings are curated to only allow applications that run smoothly on the recommended hardware. Most listings are also rated on their comfort level based on their likelihood of causing motion sickness or number of jump scares. However, developers do not have to use Oculus Home to distribute content for the Rift, this being entirely optional.

Content for the Rift is developed using the Oculus PC SDK, a free proprietary SDK available for Microsoft Windows (OSX and Linux support is planned for the future).

The Oculus SDK is directly integrated with the popular game engines Unity 5, Unreal Engine 4, and Cryengine. This allows for developers already familiar with these engines to create VR content with little to no VR-specific code.

The Rift is an open platform, and thus developers do not need any approval or verification to develop, distribute, or sell content for it, and do not have to pay any licensing fees. The SDK, however, cannot be modified or reused for other purposes or hardware without permission.

Content developed for the Development Kit 2 using SDK version 0.8 or above are compatible with the Rift; however, content developed for the Development Kit 1 or with older versions of the SDK will have to be recompiled using the latest SDK version to be compatible.

On December 21, 2015, Oculus announced the release of their finalized Rift 1.0 SDK, combined with the start of shipping their final version of the Oculus Rift VR headset to developers.

At Oculus"s 3rd annual conference (Oculus Connect 3), it announced the new technology, called "Asynchronous Spacewarp (ASW)". This technology allows the Rift to compensate for the dropped frames. According to Oculus, ASW reduces the minimum specs of a PC to run the Rift without any judder.

In May 2015, Oculus VR announced "recommended" hardware specifications for computers utilizing Oculus Rift, specifying a CPU equivalent to an Intel Core i5-4590, at least 8GB of RAM, at least an AMD Radeon R9 290 or Nvidia GeForce GTX 970 graphics card, an HDMI 1.3 output, three USB 3.0 ports, and one USB 2.0 port. Oculus VR stated that these requirements would remain in force for the life of the first consumer model. The company also stated that while upcoming discrete GPUs for laptops may be able to reach the required performance for Oculus Rift, systems that switch between integrated and discrete graphics may not handle output in a manner that supports the device. Oculus Rift only supports 64-bit versions of Microsoft Windows 7 SP1 or later; Oculus VR stated that the device would initially support Windows only in order to focus on "delivering a high[-]quality consumer-level VR experience"; support for Linux and macOS will be developed in the future.

On October 6, 2016, Oculus VR announced lessened hardware recommendations, now suggesting an Intel Core i3-6100 or AMD FX 4350 CPU, at least a GeForce GTX 960 or equivalent graphics card, two USB 3.0 ports and one USB 2.0 port, and Windows 8 or newer. The company stated that these lower requirements were enabled by the adoption of motion interpolation; on systems that cannot handle full 90 frames per second rendering, the drivers will allow software to render at 45 FPS instead, and generate frames based on differences between them to send to the headset to maintain its frame rate. Oculus promoted that these changes lowered the average hardware cost of a PC meeting these specifications to US$500 and would also enable certain laptops to run Oculus Rift.

In June 2018, Oculus VR updated its recommended OS spec to Windows 10. While Windows 7 and Windows 8.1 users would still be able to access the standard Rift experience, newer features and apps might require an upgrade to Windows 10.

Existing games with a first-person or fixed-camera perspective can be ported to VR with some development effort. However, Oculus has stated that the best virtual reality experiences are those that are designed, from the beginning, for the Rift.

At the release event for the Rift in June 2015, Oculus announced 9 launch titles for the Rift, including CCP and Edge of Nowhere by Insomniac Games. It also announced that it was working with other developers including Final Fantasy developer Square Enix, Rock Band developer Harmonix, and The Order: 1886 developer Ready at Dawn.

In July 2015, Oculus revealed that it was fully funding more than 20 second party high production value games made exclusively for the Rift, one of these being Insomniac"s Edge of Nowhere.

In July 2017, Marvel announced in the Disney"s D23 event that it will be bringing 12 superheroes of theirs to VR with an Oculus exclusive game called Powers United VR.

Oculus is including Oculus Cinema as a free application, which allows the Rift to be used to view conventional movies and videos from inside a virtual cinema environment, giving the user the perception of viewing the content on a cinema-sized screen.Oculus Cinema will also have a networked mode, in which multiple users can watch the same video in the same virtual space, seeing each other as avatars and being able to interact and talk to one another while watching the video.

The Rift also offers the opportunity to view new types of media that are impossible to view on regular monitors; 360° 3D videos and "virtual reality movies" (an entirely new medium).

Spherical videos (commonly called 360° videos) can be viewed simply by the user moving their head around, and the Rift opens up the possibility for stereoscopic spherical videos (commonly called 360° 3D videos). In September 2014, NextVR announced that they would be using a $200,000 camera rig to produce 360° 3D content for the Rift, including short films, as well as live streaming live events such as sports or concerts in 360° 3D.

The Rift also supports a new medium of entertainment experiences, which Oculus calls "virtual reality movies". Oculus has established Oculus Story Studio to develop this type of content for the Rift, a team which has multiple former employees from major VFX companies such as PIXAR and ILM. Oculus Story Studio showed off its first VR movie, Lost, at the 2015 Sundance Film Festival, gaining positive reviews from attendees.

In May 2015, AltspaceVR launched a public beta for DK2 owners to try out their social VR platform. AltspaceVR allows people to inhabit a shared virtual space with spatial voice communications, cast content from the Internet on virtual screens, and interact with objects (allowing activities such as playing chess or other board games). It also supports extra hardware like eye tracking and body tracking.

In May 2015, Linden Lab, the company behind Second Life, announced that they too were working on a new virtual world, codenamed Project Sansar, built for virtual reality headsets such as the Rift and Gear VR. Like Second Life, Sansar will be hosted on Linden"s servers and lease virtual land to players, on which they can build and sell virtual items and services (which Linden will take a cut of). Linden Lab hoped to release Sansar by the end of 2016.

As well as the consumer uses, the Rift has attracted significant interest from industry and professional spheres for productivity enhancement, visualization, and advertising.

A number of architecture firms have been experimenting with using the Rift for visualization and design. With the right software, the Rift allows architects to see exactly what their building will look like and get an understanding of the scale that is impossible on a traditional monitor.

In early 2015, Audi started using Rift Developer Kit 2"s at dealerships to help customers configure the car they are interested in, as well as to see what driving a race in the car would be like.

The Norwegian Army has been experimenting with the Rift Development Kit 2 to allow for a greater situational awareness of armoured vehicle drivers and commanders.

The use of Oculus Rift on an innovative virtual operator station assists the control of a teleoperated military mobile robot Tactical Robotic System (TAROS). Human operators can have intuitive control and mediate 3D view from stereovision cameras.

Some online casinos have started using Oculus Rift to provide a unique online casino experience, allowing the user to play slots and experience the lobby of a casino through their VR headset.

ZeniMax Media, the parent company of Bethesda Softworks, which in turn owns Id Software, presented a lawsuit against Facebook, claiming the Oculus Rift was the product of intellectual property owned by ZeniMax, developed by John Carmack during his time working for Id Software. The jury ruled partially in favor of ZeniMax, finding the defendants did not steal trade secrets but had violated a non-disclosure agreement. Facebook and some of the Oculus corporate officers were ordered to pay a total of US$500 million.

The Oculus Rift received generally positive reviews from gaming and tech websites. Wired gave 9 out of 10 stars to Oculus Rift and wrote, "The long-promised virtual reality headset is finally here, in a remarkably well-made and accessible device."

Will Greenwald of PCMag recommended the Rift once the price had dropped, writing, "The Oculus Rift comfortably produces an immersive, crisp virtual reality experience that will continue to improve with the development of new software, which has been steadily coming out on both the Oculus store and SteamVR. Now that the Rift costs two-thirds of its original $600 price and includes the Oculus Touch controllers and second external sensor that enables whole-room VR, it earns our Editors" Choice for PC-based VR headsets."

To write the words “A Brief History Of Oculus” is a bit funny — because really, the company’s very existence has been brief. From the launch of their Kickstarter campaign to their massive acquisition, just 601 days had passed.

On August 1st of 2012, Oculus launched their Kickstarter campaign. For a company with such ambitious (if newfound) plans — to revive an entire genre, to succeed where so many had failed only a decade ago — they had a rather modest campaign goal: $250,000. That’s less than some of those 90’s VR headsets from Palmer’s collection cost when they flopped onto the market.

This dev kit (or Oculus Rift DK1, as it came to be known) gave most people their first glimpse at Oculus’ potential, and it made one thing clear: this little $350 dollar headset was already better than everything that came before it. But it wasn’t perfect.

Its low resolution screen (combined with magnification lenses that helped wrap the image around your view) made even the most beautifully rendered 3D environment look dated. It was like you were sitting too close to an old TV, or staring at the display through a screen door (aptly, this shortcoming quickly came to be known as “the screen door effect”)

Meanwhile, complaints of the headset causing motion sickness weren’t rare. That low-res screen, the early software, the lack of positional tracking — it all swirled together into something that managed to make some people’s inner-ears flip out and their stomaches turn.

Despite the flaws, Oculus managed to sell every last one of these headsets that they could make. They’d sourced enough components to make around 65,000 units of this first iteration — on February 21st of 2014, they officially sold out.

Based on a prototype that Oculus had started showing a few months prior, Developer Kit 2 (or DK2) fixed or improved upon many of the original headset’s flaws.

That old low-res display? They bumped it up considerably, from 640×800 in each eye to 960×1080 — increasing the overall pixel count by over 100%. That “screen door” effect isn’t completely gone, but it’s much, much less noticeable.

As for the motion sickness? Oculus figured out that much of it was triggered by the display’s tendency to blur motion. They countered this in three ways:

They decreased the latency of the headset (the delay between you moving your head and the content on screen reacting accordingly) from 60 milliseconds to 30 milliseconds

Barely one year passed between Oculus shipping their first developer kits (March 29th, 2013) and the start of pre-orders for version 2 (March 19th, 2014), but a ton happened in that time.

At the end of March 2013, Oculus found support from two big video game development engines: Unity gave all Oculus developers free access to their pro-level engine for 4 months, and Epic Games began giving away a new, Oculus-enabled version of their Unreal engine to anyone with a dev kit.

On June 17th, Oculus raised their first, big, traditional VC (as opposed to Kickstarter) round of funding. They’d raised $16M from Spark Capital and Matrix Partners.

Just six months after their first round, Oculus raised again in December of 2013 — this time, it was $75M from Andreessen Horowitz, Spark Capital, Matrix Partners, and Formation 8.

Valve, one of the most gaming world’s most lauded companies, pledged to share their virtual reality R&D with Oculus. Weeks later, one of Valve’s lead VR researchers joined Oculus

Before the acquisition, Oculus had two big checkboxes left on their to-do list: to ship all of those pre-orders they got for the second development kit, and, eventually, to finalize and ship the consumer product.

One of Oculus’ biggest strengths has always been in the way that people perceived it. You just wanted to root for them — and how could you not? It’s the tech world’s favorite tale: a brilliant whiz-kid turns his garage project into a company, makes millions.

Add in the fact that the company launched on Kickstarter, and Oculus had seemingly locked in its cred as something “homegrown”. Something “indie” — even when they went on to raise nearly $100M from traditional venture capitalists.

So of course, them being acquired by Facebook was met with backlash from some of their biggest fans. To them, Oculus was like their favorite band — and this was them “selling out”.

Within hours of the announcement, the top post on reddit was a drawing of reddit’s mascot laying flowers on Oculus’ grave. Many pledged to cancel their DK2 orders, and instructed others on how to do the same. Notch, the creator of Minecraft, immediately (and quite publicly) killed the company’s plans to build an Oculus version.

Oculus insists that they’ll remain absolutely independent at Facebook, publishing not one, not two, but immediately took issue with the term. “This is not an exit,” they wrote back. “Oculus stays independent.”

Oculus Rift is one of the most popular VR devices for PCs. The glasses are designed to completely immerse its user in virtual reality and they allow you to track the movement of controllers and the position of the headset in space. Rift has an impressive range of games and applications. In 2018, Oculus took the second place among the VR glasses manufacturers with a share of 19.4% on the world market due to a good correlation of price, quality and usability.

The Oculus Rift release was preceded by a four-year development and fundraising stage at Kikstarter. The success led to the fact that in March 2014 Facebook bought the Oculus VR company for 2 billion dollars.

DK1 (August 2012) — it was distinguished by its low resolution (640x800 for each eye), a small viewing radius of 90 degrees and headset tracking with the help of an accelerometer, magnetometer and a gyroscope. The device was presented by Palmer Luckey at the E3 exhibition;

The first versions of the device were sold with a standard joystick from Xbox One which was not integrated into virtual reality. There were two reasons: insufficient number of tracking games for Rift (many games required standard control) and an underdeveloped tracking system.

May 2017: the second front camera is included as standard one, which makes it possible to play with full immersion and it makes Rift a full competitor of HTC Vive.

HTC Vive Pro is a more advanced, comfortable however more expensive model. The resolution of the display is higher by 70%, and the gaming space is almost three times more than one in Oculus Rift.

The device is fixed on the head with a flexible plastic frame and rubber ties overhead. The size is easily adjustable with a pullout handle and elastic straps which fit the head tightly from above and from behind. The weight of the device is 470 g, which is less than that of the PS VR or Vive competitors.

Regulators on the lower edge of the glasses allow you to change the location of the lenses in accordance with the interpupillary distance of a user (IPD). There is no exact digital ruler for the arrangement of lenses, so it"s necessary to set the exact distance using a usual ruler. It is possible to use Oculus Rift when you wear glasses, although an hour long use can cause inconvenience. The point is not only in size limitations, but also that the side mounts of the device unpleasantly press the glasses temples. What’s more, there is a danger of lenses damage, and it can be very hot in the glasses itself even in an air-conditioned room.

Oculus Rift is equipped with the OLED display with a resolution of 1200x1080 for each eye — this is identical to the figure of its main competitors, but it lags behind flagship models like HTC Vive Pro or Windows Mixed Reality devices. The viewing angle is standard 110 degrees, but if you play wearing your own glasses it can become a bit narrower.

You can improve the graphics with Oculus Debug Tool. Firstly, you need to open Oculus Home, then run Debug Tool (it"s in the Support folder of the Oculus root folder) and change the Pixels Per Display Pixel Override parameter to figures from 1.1 to 2.0 — this will increase the number of pixels from 10% to 100% . You do not need to close Debug Tool during the game, and the parameter can be changed depending on a game and the PC capabilities.

Oculus Touch controllers are easy to get used to thanks to the familiar arrangement of buttons that is the same as in game consoles. Here there is everything that gamers are used to: a joystick, hammers and usual buttons. Hands are protected from possible accidental blows by plastic arcs, and for additional security wrist straps are provided.

Oculus sensors detect the location of the headset and controllers by means of infrared identification of devices in space. Each of the devices sends signals picked up by sensors. That is why it is important that there are no mirrors and too bright windows in the room. Thus, the user"s head and hands are merged into virtual space. This system is called Constellation Tracking System.

In addition to the tracking of user’s movements there is an accelerometer, a magnetometer and a gyroscope in the headset. To make it much closer to the reality the position of the user"s eyes is also tracked: in real life our eyes focus on objects that are farther or nearer, but they cannot see everything clearly and distinctly at the same time . In order not to make brain rack because of constant clarity, Rift uses the technology of eyes pupils monitoring.

It is interesting that sensors can work as a usual web camera — this fact was discovered in mid-2017 and caused a wave of indignation in the VR community. It is mentioned nowhere in the instructions about such sensors’ capabilities, and Windows connects them as a usual third-party USB device. De facto you connect 2-3 additional webcams, although it"s no secret that many users cover front cameras on laptops because of a discomfort.

It is believed that this was done in order to hide the secret of the sensors functioning, and Facebook assures that the image from the camera is not transmitted and processed. However, there is a risk of hacking Rift sensors by intruders in order to obtain images.

Oculus Rift creates a gaming space with at least two sensors (in fact, they are usual cameras) which are located on both sides of the monitor creating a cone-shaped gaming space. The device has a system for monitoring the gaming space boundaries which is called Guardian. To create a space you need to draw its arbitrary boundaries with the help of controllers, and a cube will be formed automatically inside. It will be highlighted by thin lines during the game so that a gamer does not lose orientation in space.

The size of the gaming space is small: 1.5 x 1.5 m if you play with two cameras located on both sides of the monitor. When you purchase an additional third camera, you can expand your gaming area to 2.5 x 2.5 m. Unlike HTC devices, in Rift you cannot integrate real-world objects into VR.

Oculus Home is a standard shell for installing and running games and applications which is configured automatically when the device is connected to the PC. The application is very user-friendly and is similar to Steam.

During the recent year Steam is actively working to become the main platform for VR games for different types of devices. You can start games from there to Oculus if you enable the parameters Public Test Channel and Include Unknown Sources in Oculus Home settings.

Oculus Rift is sold in a big black box, and each component is fixed inside with Velcro and is located on a soft lining. There are not many base components, so the box can easily be used to transport the device.

Oculus Rift Headset is a virtual reality headset with built-in headphones and a cord for connecting to a computer. It combines two wires: HDMI and USB 3.0.

For a new gaming computer you will have to pay 800 USD. If only a video card is missing, you need to be ready for the cost of 220 USD, and upgrading to Windows 10 from Windows 7 will cost about 140 USD. Oculus warned users that Windows 7 and 8.1 supporting might be stopped soon.

What’s more, all the most important replacement parts for the standard Occulus Rift components are available on the official website in case of their damage and obsolescence. This cannot but rejoice, for example, PlayStation VR does not have so many replaceable parts.

Equipment installation for Oculus Rift is more difficult than for PS VR, but it"s easier than for HTC Vive. First of all, you will need to download the Oculus App from the website, create an account and follow the instructions on the screen. The process is relatively simple, and the installation experience can be studied in detail by video reviews.

Two camera-sensors are placed near the computer. The third one must be placed in the back top corner of the proposed gaming space. To do this, you need to use a ceiling mount or a high stand. Cameras create a cone-shaped virtual zone in front of you, so when they are placed in front of a gamer, a blind zone for the VR remains at the back part from a user. Some users use even four cameras for more accurate tracking. There is no need to buy more sensors, this can lead to malfunctions in Oculus software regardless of the PC level.

Users recommend buying an additional USB 3.0 controller and trying to connect the glasses to the port on the motherboard. What’s more, you need to get into the Windows device manager and in the power settings of the USB controller uncheck the item "Enable this device to be turned off to save power". If nothing helps, then the manufacturer recommends replacing the motherboard. And this is one more argument in favor of the fact that before buying Oculus Rift you should seriously evaluate the capabilities of your PC.

Problems with SteamVr. Problems with the software are most often related to connecting via SteamVR: for some games Beta Update is needed, and for others you need a stable program version. It is hoped that in the future compatibility problems will decrease as updates are made. Also some problems with the control and management in some games intended for HTC Vive were noticed — it"s all about the lack of buttons on the Oculus Touch controllers.

Finally, the common object of attention for VR devices is user health problems that can arise during games. Although Oculus users complain much less than those who played, for example, in PS VR, some action games can cause nausea and dizziness.

Users mention that there is almost no difference in the graphics between Oculus Rift and HTC Vive, but Oculus tracking is slightly less perceptible than in its competitor. Among the advantages the convenient fastening of glasses and built-in headphones are also mentioned. When you play for a long time in the headset it can be hot because of a warm padding, so it is better to keep a headscarf or napkins near by and take regular breaks.

Buying Oculus Rift can make sense if there is a powerful gaming PC, but there is no desire to spend too much money on HTC devices. In this case, a user gets access to a wide database of games and enjoys unlimited tracking of hands and head in VR.

I finally tried for the first time ever, the VR concept, and with the Rift S, there are positive and negative points, but overall it is a deception, not for the Oculus itself, but about what companies and reviewers claim to be the VR today..., I expected REALLY better than this, A LOT better.

- I had no negative points about controller flickering, even if it was not easy to understand at the beginning, how to run games in VR (for example in Assetto Corsa you need to select Rift Rendering, otherwise it will not work even if you start the games from the Oculus itself)

- The wearing of the Rift S is pretty good, even if when it is hot like today, the lenses mist up; it is pretty light to me and the adjustment assets are ok

- Second the graphics aren"t great at all, BUT AT ALL, you can see CLEARLY the screen door effect, it is like if you are sleeping under a mosquito met all the time, unless you are on dark areas, there the door effect is less visible but for obvious reasons, after I compared the game graphics on the screen and the same game on the Oculus and OMG, even the HD 1280*720 display is better, but A LOT Better, it seems to play on an OLD 4:3 TV on the Oculus

- The textures aren"t displayed in a correct manner, if you approach the object near the Oculus, than the screen door effect almost disappear and you can appreciate REALLY the good work of the developers, but all the rest OMG, on Alyx, which is renowned to be one of the best VR games with best graphics, the cables were flickering on first area, you can see clearly the pixels if you watch far away buildings, even the ALYX text on first screen had some blu/orange halo, depending on how do you move the head and so on (on first thoughts I was thinking it was me not configuring correctly the Rift S, I read a lot on the net and no, the setting were even pushed on high, like 1.5 supersampling for example, 2k resolution and so on (I tried even 4k with same results), it was a REALLY bad experience I"m sorry, to me it"s a NO on this aspect

- I have a powerful PC, not the top of the top but a high one (CPU AMD 3700x, Asus Strix 2080 Super 3 fans, 32GB of RAM 3.600 CL 19, the maximum on the third generation AMD processor can support on infinity fabric, higher is almost useless, 1.000w PSU, 1TB NVMe PCIe M.2 2280 and 2TB SSD 3.0, x570 E Gaming motherboard, 10 Fans Airflow from 240mm to 70mm), that said my GPU reached almost 88 degrees Celsius all the time (190° Fahrenheit), even if I put the graphics on 800x600 and disabling the supersampling (0), is it me or what? If it is, can someone explain me how to low that before I can cook the eggs on my GPU? Thanks a lot

- often the controller (hands ingame) are misplaced, I mean they are under some objects, walls or under the floor and so on, and you can"t restore them if not closing the Oculus software and restart it

In the past few years, there have been some significant advances in consumer virtual reality (VR) devices. Devices such as the Oculus Rift, HTC Vive, Leap Motion™ Controller, and Microsoft Kinect® are bringing immersive VR experiences into the homes of consumers with much lower cost and space requirements than previous generations of VR hardware. These new devices are also lowering the barrier to entry for VR engineering applications. Past research has suggested that there are significant opportunities for using VR during design tasks to improve results and reduce development time. This work reviews the latest generation of VR hardware and reviews research studying VR in the design process. Additionally, this work extracts the major themes from the reviews and discusses how the latest technology and research may affect the engineering design process. We conclude that these new devices have the potential to significantly improve portions of the design process.

As discussed by Steuer, the term virtual reality traditionally referred to a hardware setup consisting of items such as a stereoscopic display, computers, headphones, speakers, and 3D input devices [7]. More recently, the term has been broadly used to describe any program that includes a 3D component, regardless of the hardware they utilize [8]. Given this wide variation, it is pertinent to clarify and scope the term virtual reality.

Steuer also proposes that the definition of VR should not be a black-and-white distinction, since such a binary definition does not allow for comparisons between VR systems [7]. Based on this idea, we consider a VR system in the light of the VR experience it provides. A very basic definition of a VR experience is the replacing of one or more physical senses with virtual senses. A simple example of this is people listening to music on noise-canceling headphones; they have replaced the sounds of the physical world with sounds from the virtual world. This VR experience can be rated on two orthogonal scales of immersivity and fidelity, see Fig. 1. Immersivity refers to how much of the physical world is replaced with the virtual world, while fidelity refers to how realistic the inputs are. Returning to the previous example, this scale would rate the headphones as low–medium immersivity since only the hearing sense is affected, but a high fidelity since the audio matches what we might expect to hear in the physical world.

Various types of hardware are used to provide an immersive, high-fidelity VR experience for users. Given the relative importance the sense of sight has in our interaction with the world, we consider a display system that presents images in such a way that the user perceives them to be 3D (as opposed to seeing a 2D projection of a 3D scene on a common TV or computer screen) in combination with a head tracking system to be the minimum set of requirements for a highly immersive VR experience [1]. This type of hardware was found in almost all VR applications we reviewed, for example, Refs. [1], [3], [6], and [13–22]. This requirement is noted in Fig. 2 as the core capabilities for a VR experience. Usually, some additional features are also included to enhance the experience [7]. These additional features may include motion-capture input, 3D controller input, haptic feedback, voice control input, olfactory displays, gustatory displays, facial tracking, 3D-audio output, and/or audio recording. Figure 2 lists these features as the peripheral capabilities. To understand how core and peripheral capabilities can be used together to create a more compelling experience, consider a VR experience intended to test the ease of a product"s assembly. A VR experience with only the core VR capabilities might involve watching an assembly simulation from various angles. However, if haptic feedback and 3D input devices are added to the experience, the experience could now be interactive and the user could attempt to assemble the product themselves in VR while feeling collisions and interferences. On the other hand, adding an olfactory display to produce virtual smells would likely do little to enhance this particular experience. Hence, these peripheral capabilities are optional to a highly immersive VR experience and may be included based on the goals and needs of the experience. Figure 2 lists these core and peripheral capabilities, respectively, in the inner and outer circles. Devices for providing these various core and peripheral capabilities will be discussed in Secs. 3.1–3.3.

CAVE systems typically consist of two or more large projector screens forming a pseudoroom. The participant also wears a special set of glasses that work with the system to track the participant"s head position and also to present separate images to each eye. On the other hand, HMDs are devices that are worn on the user"s head and typically use half a screen to present an image to each eye. Due to the close proximity of the screen to the eye, these HMDs also typically include some specialized optics to allow the user"s eye to better focus on the screen [10,25]. Sections 3.1.1 and 3.1.2 will discuss each of these displays in more detail.

CAVE technology appears to have been first researched in the Electronic Visualization Lab at the University of Illinois [26]. In its full implementation, the CAVE consists of a room where all four walls, the ceiling, and the floor are projector screens; a special set of glasses that sync with the projectors to provide stereoscopic images; a system to sense and report the location and gaze of the viewer; and a specialized computer to calculate and render the scenes and drive the projectors [4]. When first revealed, CAVE technology was positioned as superior in most aspects to other available stereoscopic displays [27]. Included in these claims were larger field-of-view (FOV), higher visual acuity, and better support for collaboration [27]. While many of these claims were true at the time, HMDs are approaching and rivaling the capabilities of CAVE technology.

The claim about collaboration deserves special consideration. In their paper first introducing CAVE technology, Cruz-Neira et al. state, “One of the most important aspects of visualization is communication. For virtual reality to become an effective and complete visualization tool, it must permit more than one user in the same environment” [27]. CAVE technology is presented as meeting this requirement; however, there are certain caveats that make it less than ideal for many scenarios. The first is occlusion. As people move about the CAVE, they can block each other"s view of the screen. In general, this type of occlusion is not a serious issue when parts of the scene are beyond the other participant in virtual space although perhaps inconvenient. However, when the object being occluded is supposed to be between the viewer and someone else (in virtual space), the stereoscopic view collapses along with the usefulness of the simulation [4]. A second issue with collaboration in a CAVE is the issue of distortion. Since only a single viewer is tracked in the classic setup, all other viewers in the CAVE see the stereo image as if they were at that location. However, since two people cannot occupy the same physical space and hence cannot all stand at the same location, all viewers aside from the tracked viewer experience some distortion. The amount of distortion experienced is related to the viewer"s distance from the tracked viewer [22]. The proposed solution to this issue is to track all the viewers and calculate stereoscopic images for each person. While this has been shown to work in the two-viewer use case [22], commercial hardware with fast enough refresh rates to handle more than two or three viewers does not yet exist.

As discussed previously, HMDs are a type of VR display that is worn by the user on his or her head. Example HMDs are shown in Fig. 3. These devices typically consist of one or two small flat panel screens placed a few inches from the eyes. The left screen (or left half of the screen) presents an image to the left eye, and the right screen (or right half of the screen) presents an image to the right eye. Because of the difficulty, the human eye has with focusing on objects so close, there are typically some optics placed between the screen and eye that allow the eye to focus better. These optics typically introduce some distortion around the edges that is corrected in software by inversely distorting the images to appear undistorted through the optics. These same optics also magnify the screen, making the pixels and the space between pixels larger and more apparent to the user. This effect is referred to as the “screen-door” effect [31–33].

Shortcomings of this type of display can include: incompatibility with corrective eye-wear (although some devices provide adjustments to help mitigate this problem) [34], blurry images due to slow screen-refresh rates and image persistence [35], latency between user movements and screen redraws [36], the fact that the user must generally be tethered to a computer which can reduce the immersivity of a simulation [37], and the hindrance to collocated communication they can cause [20]. The major advantages of this type of display are: its significantly cheaper cost compared to CAVE technology, its ability to be driven by a standard computer, its much smaller space requirements, its ease of setup and take-down (allowing for temporary installations and uses), and its compatibility with many readily available software tools and development environments. Table 1 compares the specifications of several discrete consumer HMDs discussed more fully below.

As discussed in Sec. 3.1.1, the ability to communicate effectively is an important consideration of VR technology. Current iterations of VR HMDs obscure the user"s face and especially the eyes. This can create a communication barrier for users who are in close proximity which does not exist in a CAVE as discussed by Smith [20]. It should be noted here that this difference applies only to situations in which the collaborators are in the same room. If the collaborators are in different locations, HMDs and CAVE systems are on equal footing as far as communication is concerned. One method for attempting to solve this issue with HMDs is to instead use AR HMDs which allow you to see your collaborators. Billinghurst et al. have published some research in this area [60,61]. A second method for attempting to solve this issue is to take the entire interaction into VR. Movie producers have used facial recognition and motion capture technology to animate computer-generated imagery characters with the actor"s same facial expressions and movements. This same technology could and has been applied to VR to animate a virtual avatar. Li et al. have presented research supported by Oculus that demonstrates using facial capture to animate virtual avatars [62], and HMDs with varying levels of facial tracking have already been announced and demonstrated [50,63].

Oculus Rift CV1: The Oculus Rift Development Kit (DK) 1 was the first of the current generation of HMD devices and promised a renewed hope for a low-cost, high-fidelity VR experience and sparked a new interest in VR research, applications, and consumer experiences. The DK1 was first released in 2012 with the second generation (DK2) being released in 2014, and the first consumer version of the Oculus Rift (CV1) released in early 2016. To track head orientation, the Rift uses a six-degree-of-freedom (DOF) IMU along with an external camera. The camera is mounted facing the user to help improve tracking accuracy. Since these devices are using flat screens with optics to expand the field-of-view (FOV), they do show the screen-door effect, but it becomes less noticeable as resolution increases.

Steam VR/HTC Vive: The Steam Vive HMD is the result of a collaboration between HTC and Steam to develop a VR system directly intended for gaming. The actual HMD is similar in design to Oculus Rift. The difference though is that the HMD is only part of the full system. The system also includes a controller for each hand and two sensor stations that are used to track the absolute position of the HMD and the controllers in a roughly 4.5 m × 4.5 m (15 ft × 15 ft) space. These additional features can make the Steam VR system a good choice when the application requires the user to move around a physical room to explore the virtual world.

Avegant Glyph: The Avegant Glyph is primarily designed to allow the user to experience media such as movies in a personal theater. As such, it includes a set of built-in headphones and an audio only mode where it is worn like a traditional set of headphones. However, built into the headband is a stereoscopic display that can be positioned over the eyes that allows the user to view media on a simulated theater screen. Despite this primary purpose, the Avegant Glyph also supports true VR experiences. The really unique feature is that instead of using a screen like the previously discussed HMDs, the Glyph uses a set of mirrors and miniature projectors to project the image onto a user"s retina. This does away with pixels in the traditional sense and allows the Glyph to avoid the screen-door problem that plagues other HMDs. The downside to the Glyph, however, is that it has lower resolution and a much smaller FOV. The Glyph also includes a 9DOF IMU to track head position.

Google Cardboard: Google Cardboard is a different approach to VR than any of the previously discussed devices. Google Cardboard was designed to be as low cost as possible while still allowing people to experience VR. Google Cardboard is folded and fastened together from a cardboard template by the user. Once the cardboard template has been assembled, the user"s smart-phone is then inserted into the headset and acts as the screen via apps that are specifically designed for Google Cardboard. Since the device is using a smart-phone as the display, it can also use any IMU or other sensors built into the phone. The biggest advantage of Google Cardboard is its affordability, since it is only a fraction of the cost of the previously mentioned devices. However, to achieve this low cost, design choices have been made that make this a temporary, prototype-level device not well suited to everyday use. The other interesting feature of this HMD is that since all processing is done on the phone; no cords are needed to connect the HMD to a computer allowing for extra mobility.

Samsung Gear VR: Like Google Cardboard, the Samsung Gear VR device is designed to turn a Samsung smartphone (compatible only with certain models) into a VR HMD. The major difference between these two is the cost and quality. The Gear VR is designed by Oculus, and once the phone is attached it is similar to an Oculus Rift. Different from many other HMDs, the Gear VR includes a control pad and buttons built into the side of the HMD that can be used as an interaction/navigation method for the VR application. Also like the Google Cardboard, the Gear VR has no cable to attach to a computer, allowing more freedom of movement.

OSVR Hacker DK2: The Open-Source VR project (OSVR) is an attempt by Razer® to develop a modular HMD that users can modify or upgrade as well as software libraries to accompany the device. The shipping configuration of the OSVR Hacker DK2 is very similar to the Oculus Rift CV1. The notable differences are that OSVR uses a 9DOF IMU, and the optics use a dual lens design and diffusion film to reduce distortion and the screen-door effect.

Others: Along with the HMDs mentioned above, there are several other consumer-grade HMDs suitable for VR that are available now or in the near future. These include: The Sony Playstation® VR which is similar to the Oculus Rift, but driven from a PlayStation gaming console [64]. The Dlodlo Glass H1 which is similar to the Samsung Gear VR but is compatible with more than just Samsung phones and includes a built-in low-latency 9-Axis IMU [65]. The Dlodo V1 which is somewhat like the Oculus Rift, but designed to look like a pair of glasses for the more fashion conscious VR users and is also significantly lighter weight [48]. The FOVE HMD which again is similar to the Oculus Rift, but offers eye tracking to provide more engaging VR experiences [50]. The StarVR HMD is similar to the Oculus Rift with the notable difference of a significantly expanded FOV and consequently a larger device [52]. The Vrvana Totem is like the Oculus Rift, but includes built-in pass-through cameras to provide the possibility of AR as well as VR [54]. The Sulon HMD, like the Vrvana Totem, includes cameras for AR, but can also use the cameras for 3D mapping of the user"s physical environment [66]. The ImmersiON VRelia Go is similar to the Samsung Gear VR but is compatible with more than just Samsung phones [56]. The visusVR is an interesting cross of the Samsung Gear VR and the Oculus Rift. It uses a smartphone for the screen, but a computer for the actual processing and rendering to provide a fully wireless HMD [57]. The GameFace Labs HMD is another cross between the Samsung Gear VR and the Oculus Rift. However, this HMD has all the processing and power built into the HMD and runs Android OS [58].

Light-field HMDs: In the physical world, humans use a variety of depth cues to gauge object size and location as discussed by Cruz-Neira et al. [4]. Of the eight cues discussed, only the accommodation cue is not reproducible by current commercial technologies. Accommodation is the term used to describe how our eyes change their shape to be able to focus on an object of interest. Since, with current technologies, users view a flat screen that remains approximately the same distance away, the user"s eyes do not change focus regardless of the distance to the virtual object [4]. Research by Akeley et al. prototyped special displays to produce a directional light field [67]. These light-field displays are designed to support the accommodation depth cue by allowing the eye to focus as if the objects were a realistic distance from the user instead of pictures on a screen inches from the eyes. More recent research by Huang et al. has developed light-field displays that are suitable for use in HMDs [2] (Fig. 3).

Images of various HMDs discussed in Sec. 3.1.2. Top left to right: Oculus Rift, Steam VR/HTC Vive, and Avegant Glyph. Bottom left to right: Google Cardboard, Samsung Gear VR by Oculus, and OSVR HDK. (Images courtesy of Oculus, HTC, Avegant, and OSVR).

Images of various HMDs discussed in Sec. 3.1.2. Top left to right: Oculus Rift, Steam VR/HTC Vive, and Avegant Glyph. Bottom left to right: Google Cardboard, Samsung Gear VR by Oculus, and OSVR HDK. (Images courtesy of Oculus, HTC, Avegant, and OSVR).Close modal

Television-based CAVEs: Currently, CAVEs use rear-projection technology. This means that for a standard size 3 m × 3 m × 3 m CAVE, a room approximately 10 m × 10 m × 10 m is needed to house the CAVE and projector equipment [24]. Rooms this size must be custom built for the purpose of housing a CAVE, limiting the available locations for housing it and adding to the cost of installation. To reduce the amount of space needed to house a CAVE, some researchers have been exploring CAVEs built with a matrix of television panels instead [24]. These panel-based CAVEs have the advantage of being able to be deployed in more typically sized spaces.

Cybersickness: Aside from the more obvious historical barriers of cost and space t