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A segmented Liquid Crystal Display (LCD) is made up of segments which can be made visible or invisible by applying a voltage across the liquid crystal. The SAM L22 microcontroller has a Segment LCD (SLCD) controller which is used to drive segmented LCD displays.

This tutorial shows you how to use the SAM L22"s SLCD controller to drive an LCD display. You will use the SAM L22 Xplained Pro Evaluation Kit and Segment LCD1 Xplained Pro extension board (sold separately).

Add code to use the features of the SLCD like ASCII character mapping, software contrast control, hardware blinking, SLCD waking up from standby sleep mode, SLCD lower power consumption and scrolling on the segmented LCD display.

Observe how your code affects the Segment LCD1 Xplained Pro board mounted on SAM L22 Xplained Pro Evaluation Kit, and monitor power consumption using the Atmel Studio Data Visualizer.

The segments in a segmented LCD display have two electrodes with liquid crystal between them. These electrodes are called the common terminal (COM pin) and the segment terminal (SEG pin). When a voltage above a threshold voltage is applied across the liquid crystal, the segment becomes visible.

The SAM L22 SLCD controller is intended for a monochrome passive liquid crystal display with up to eight common terminals and up to 44 segment terminals (maximum of 320 segments). Features such as character mapping, automated characters string display, and autonomous animation are implemented to reduce CPU load and power consumption.

This lab shows you how to use the SAM L22"s SLCD controller to drive the Segment LCD1 Xplained Pro display on the SAM L22 Xplained Pro Evaluation Kit. It also helps you understand and use the following features: ASCII character mapping, software contrast control, hardware blinking, SLCD waking up from standby sleep mode, SLCD lower power consumption, and scrolling characters on the LCD display.

saml22_slcd_lab contains the complete lab solution (saml22_slcd_lab.atsln and related files under sub folder saml22_slcd_lab) and source files to create the lab from scratch.

Call function lcd_display_string() with parameters as shown in the code snippet below. CONF_LCD_STRING macro default value is "MCHIP" and CONF_DISABLE_BLINK macro is set to zero, which disables blinking.

The contrast of the LCD is determined by the value of VLCD voltage. The higher the VLCD voltage, the higher is the contrast and the software contrast adjustment is only possible in internal supply mode. In internal supply mode, VLCD is in the range of 2.5 V to 3.5 V. The contrast value can be written at any time, even if SLCD is enabled and running.

The contrast values can be modified by changing the value of macro CONF_LCD_CONTRAST.This can be changed between values of 0-15 with increasing order of brightness.

SLCD can be configured to blink all or selected LCD segments. Segments will alternate between an on and off state at the frequency given by the selected frame counter.

CONF_LCD_FRAME_DELAY is the frame delay used while blinking (0-7). This can be modified in conf_slcd.h. Modifying the value of macro CONF_LCD_FRAME_DELAY to higher value will decrease blink rate.

The above values are populated from the configuration file of SLCD module by substituting the values mentioned in conf_slcd.h in the above frame rate formulae.

The frame counter is set using the configuration macro, CONF_LCD_FRAME_DELAY value, which is set to the frame counter register FCX.OVF. The frequency of the internal event of update/blinking is defined using the below formulae.

This step configures the SLCD to operate in sleep mode and demonstrate power consumption of system in sleep and active mode. You are going to measure the power consumption using Data Visualizer for MCU only and differentiate the power saved by SLCD while operating between sleep and active modes.

Call function lcd_configure() with the parameters as shown in the code snippet below to configure SLCD in low waveform mode with default contrast value.

Configure system to operate at default system standby sleep mode configuration using the function lcd_sleep_mode_standby_conf() as shown in the code snippet below.

Display the string, SLEEP, at fixed intervals. The device will remain in standby sleep mode in between the intervals. We use the function lcd_sleep_mode_display() to achieve this functionality.

Use the Data Visualizer to read current consumption values. The current consumption will be low when MCU is in sleep state. The Data Visualizer can be opened from the Atmel Studio Menu (Tools > Data Visualizer).

SLCD lower power consumption are dependent on SLCD"s contrast configuration, waveform mode and frame delays . Using the lowest frame rate, contrast value in low power waveform mode will reduce power consumption and the current consumption between waveform modes will depend on the type of glass and size of pixel. Therefore, you may not notice a huge difference between modes with the SLCD Xplained Pro board.

Configure the DMA for peripheral trigger for a source memory to the LCD peripheral transfer using the configure_dma_moving_str() function with the parameters as shown in the code snippet below.

You have configured and observed the output of different features of the SAM L22 SLCD controller using SAM L22 Xplained Pro Evaluation Kit and Segment LCD1 Xplained Pro extension board.

In this lab, you have successfully configured features of the SLCD controller on the SAM L22 microcontroller and observed the output on Segment LCD1 Xplained Pro board mounted on SAM L22 Xplained Pro Evaluation Kit. Data Visualizer was used to measure the power consumption. As part of this lab, you got hands-on experience creating a project using Atmel Studio, adding drivers with help of ASF Wizard, including library files to the project, and programming the device. You also learned how to configure the Data Visualizer to measure the power consumption.

In this tutorial, you have discovered the main features of the Segment LCD Controller (SLCD) and how to configure and use them to make the application power-efficient. If you need to add a segmented LCD display to any of your existing applications, this tutorial can be used as a reference. LCD displays can be used in battery operated and low power products where you need a monochrome display with few lines and low power consumption.

As we all know LCD (Liquid Crystal Display) is an electronic display which is commonly used nowadays in applications such as calculators, laptops, tablets, mobile phones etc. 16×2 character LCD module is a very basic module which is commonly used by electronic hobbyists and is used in many electronic devices and project. It can display 2 lines of 16 character and each character is displayed using 5×7 or 5×10 pixel matrix.

Microcontroller using Atmel Studio is bit complex as there is no built in libraries. To solve this difficulty we developed a LCD library which includes the commonly used features. Just include our header file and enjoy. You can download the header file from the bottom of this article.

16×2 LCD can be interfaced with a microcontroller in 8 Bit or 4 Bit mode. These differs in how data and commands are send to LCD. In 8 Bit mode character data (as 8 bit ASCII) and LCD command are sent through the data lines D0 to D7. That is 8 bit data is send at a time and data strobe is given through E of the LCD.

But 4 Bit mode uses only 4 data lines D4 to D7. In this 8 bit data is divided into two parts and are sent sequentially through the data lines. The idea of 4 bit communication is introduced to save pins of microcontroller. 4 bit communication is bit slower than 8 bit but this speed difference has no significance as LCDs are slow speed devices. Thus 4 bit mode data transfer is most commonly used.

Lcd8_Init() & Lcd4_Init() :These functions will initialize the 16×2 LCD module connected to the microcontroller pins defined by the following constants.

Lcd8_Set_Cursor() & Lcd4_Set_Cursor() :These function will set the cursor position on the LCD screen by specifying its row and column. By using these functions we can change the position of character and string displayed by the following functions.

Lcd8_Write_Char() & Lcd4_Write_Char() :These functions will write a single character to the LCD screen and the cursor position will be incremented by one.

Lcd8_Write_String() & Lcd8_Write_String() :These function will write string or text to the LCD screen and the cursor positon will be incremented by length of the string plus one.

As we all know LCD (Liquid Crystal Display) is an electronic display which is commonly used nowadays in applications such as calculators, laptops, tablets, mobile phones etc. 16×2 character LCD module is a very basic module which is commonly used by electronic hobbyists and is used in many electronic devices and project. It can display 2 lines of 16 character and each character is displayed using 5×7 or 5×10 pixel matrix.

Microcontroller using Atmel Studio is bit complex as there is no built in libraries. To solve this difficulty we developed a LCD library which includes the commonly used features. Just include our header file and enjoy. You can download the header file from the bottom of this article.

16×2 LCD can be interfaced with a microcontroller in 8 Bit or 4 Bit mode. These differs in how data and commands are send to LCD. In 8 Bit mode character data (as 8 bit ASCII) and LCD command are sent through the data lines D0 to D7. That is 8 bit data is send at a time and data strobe is given through E of the LCD.

But 4 Bit mode uses only 4 data lines D4 to D7. In this 8 bit data is divided into two parts and are sent sequentially through the data lines. The idea of 4 bit communication is introduced to save pins of microcontroller. 4 bit communication is bit slower than 8 bit but this speed difference has no significance as LCDs are slow speed devices. Thus 4 bit mode data transfer is most commonly used.

Lcd8_Init() & Lcd4_Init() :These functions will initialize the 16×2 LCD module connected to the microcontroller pins defined by the following constants.

Lcd8_Set_Cursor() & Lcd4_Set_Cursor() :These function will set the cursor position on the LCD screen by specifying its row and column. By using these functions we can change the position of character and string displayed by the following functions.

Lcd8_Write_Char() & Lcd4_Write_Char() :These functions will write a single character to the LCD screen and the cursor position will be incremented by one.

Lcd8_Write_String() & Lcd8_Write_String() :These function will write string or text to the LCD screen and the cursor positon will be incremented by length of the string plus one.

Liquid Crystal Display on Glass is the newest in LCD technology. The display’s are very compact, it measures 55×27 mm and the height is only 2mm without LED backlight and 5.8mm with LED backlight. The display’s can have different LED background light instead of only the green and blue of the normal LCD modules.There are 5 monochrome colors available: white, green/yellow, blue, red, amber and there is even a full color RGB background possible. The contrast of the display can be set with a command. This is done using software. The display’s series consists of 3 types:

The display has a build-in character set of 248 European and Japanese characters, in addition you can also define 8 characters. The integrated controller, the ST7036, has build in commands to control the display.

For the ease of use i have designed a small PCB. The board has two rows of 20-pins socket connectors, in which the display can be inserted, it has also a resistor to limit the current through the background LEDs. For connection with the microcontroller the board has a 5×2-pin connector, so the board can easily connected to the STK500 board or to the AT2313 project board with a 10-pole flat cable. In this project the 4-mode is used so ther are only 4 datalines and 2 control lines.

The software is made in assembler program code. It is made with the Studio4 program wich you can download for free from the Atmel website. Before you can send characters to the display, it has to be initialized. First you have to switch the display to the 4-bit mode.

In this tutorial we will learn how to interface LCD with AVR Microcontroller specifically ATmega32A. This could be very cool experiment to add display to your microcontroller based projects. These LCD modules are very efficient to receive information and control commands from microcontroller. There are plenty of different manufacturer and type of display available in market. The one we are interested in here is JHD204A (20×4 LCD Module) which is basically china made cheap and available anywhere in retails shops. I am not a personally a fan of this display but this is the only cheapest LCD module available with me at this moment.

This is also probably the best tutorial for people who want to use LCD without understanding much about working parts of it. As explaining about each part of LCD in detail is nearly impossible so I decided to make this article know how or instruction based.  The first step for this experiment is to make basic connections between pins of LCD module which are in total 16 with ATmega32A microcontroller. If you want to make sure that either your LCD is working or not then please follow link

Once you finished with basic connection between LCD module and ATmega32A. We can jump right into programming so that we will show custom message on LCD screen. Before we get into it one must understand the sequence of operation we have to perform such as initialization, check busy state, and then write character or string to flash onto LCD screen. It would be so much if I explain role of each function into program either I prefer to recommend you to look into code and datasheet of LCD. If you spend enough time to leer with it you will find name of functions in code itself are pretty explanatory. Let’s have a look into code snippet.