ito lcd panel in stock

ITO high-light transmission and high-conductivity are great for Liquid Crystal Displays (LCD). ITO films exhibit excellent transmittance and high-conductivity characteristics. These properties make ITO the best choice for transparent electrodes in Liquid Crystal displays.

However, ITO isn"t without its problems. Alternative solutions are currently being developed and finding success in the market, which is lowering the cost of ITO and increasing its adoption. As a result, Nanomarkets predicts that sales will continue to increase in the next few years before declining.

In this study, indium-tin-oxide (ITO) nanoparticles were simply recovered from the thin film transistor-liquid crystal display (TFT-LCD) panel scraps by means of lift-off method. This can be done by dissolving color filter (CF) layer which is located between ITO layer and glass substrate. In this way the ITO layer was easily lifted off the glass substrate of the panel scrap without panel crushing. Over 90% of the ITO on the TFT-LCD panel was recovered by using this method. After separating, the ITO was obtained as particle form and their characteristics were investigated. The recovered product appeared as aggregates of particles less than 100 nm in size. The weight ratio of In/Sn is very close to 91/9. XRD analysis showed that the ITO nanoparticles have well crystallized structures with (222) preferred orientation even after recovery. The method described in this paper could be applied to the industrial recovery business for large size LCD scraps from TV easily without crushing the glass substrate.

Thin film transistor-liquid crystal display (TFT-LCD) has been used as a most popular flat panel display. As the TFT-LCD market grows, significant amount of rare material of indium (In) has been continuously consumed in the display manufacturing industry. Indium has been widely used for transparent conductive oxides (TCO) in the form of indium tin oxide (ITO), because it has unique high optical transparency and electrical conductivity. The In resource is quite limited, e.g., the world’s reserve is merely 16,000 tons while the current annual consumption is about 1400 tons [1]. Consequently, global In resources are being exhausted due to their fast consumption rate in information displays, solar cells and lighting [2,3]. Therefore, recycling of indium has become a very important issue these days. A lot of research works aimed at the reuse of In materials has been performed and, as an alternative, the recycling of In from old ITO targets has been studied [4]. However, only a few works aimed at the extraction of In from TFT-LCD panel scraps has been performed. Moreover, we could not find any result on recovery of ITO with the optimal composition ratio of In/Sn as 91/9, which is the characteristics composition of the TCO. Several works reported that In can be recovered by crushing TFT-LCD panel scraps followed by selective extraction. Acquisition of ITO from the TFT-LCD scrap with the optimal ratio is very valuable for cost saving by reducing the number of steps in the recovery process. In this study, a new recycling technology was developed to recover ITO nanoparticles from TFT-LCD scraps. It is called lift-off method because ITO layer is simply lifted off the glass substrate of panel scraps by dissolving color filter (CF) layer which is located between them as in Figure 1. Characteristics such as particle size, thermal property, crystal structure, composition ratio, and purity of the recovered ITO product were investigated.

Lift-off method for recovering indium-tin-oxide (ITO) as nanoparticles from glass substrate of thin film transistor-liquid crystal display (TFT-LCD) scraps.

An alkaline solution was received from D. Company (Seoul, Korea) and used as a dissolving agent for the color filter. The solution consists of mainly KOH and NaOH and its pH is about 13.4. Polycarbonate (PC) membrane (Iso pore) having 0.4 μm pore diameter was purchased from Milllipore and used as a filter. Methylene Chloride (extra pure grade, Daejung Chemical and Metals, Korea) was used to dissolve the PC membrane. Deionized (DI) water was used to wash out the sample after each step. ITO was taken from a 7 inch size TFT-LCD panel scraps. Disassembly of the TFT-LCDs was done according to previously published methods [5]. First, the upper and lower portions were separated by cutting the edge of the TFT-LCD panel scraps. After cutting, the two plates were easily separated by removing residual liquid crystal with acetone. The upper plate was dipped into the alkaline solution at 80 °C for 30 min. Then the ITO was separated from the glass substrate automatically and remained in the solution after taking the glass substrate out of the solution. The ITO precipitate in the solution was filtered and washed several times with D.I. water. Filter cake was dried in a convection oven at 60 °C for 1 h. Then the thermal behavior of the filter cake was analyzed by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential thermal analysis (DTA) were performed by using thermogravimetry/differential thermal analyzer (TG/DTA: Seiko Exstar 6000, Seico Inst., Japan). In this way, the heat-treatment temperature to burn out the organic components was determined. The particle size, crystal structure, composition ratio, and purity of the ITO was analyzed by means of high-resolution transmission electron microscope (HRTEM: 300 kV, JEOL, Japan), field-emission scanning microscope (FESEM: JSM-7000F, JEOL, Japan), X-ray diffractometer (XRD: Rigaku Rotaflex D/MAX System) with monochromatic Cu target (λ = 0.1541 nm), inductively coupled plasma (ICP, ICP Optima 43DV, Perkin Elmer, Waltham, MA, USA), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS: VG Microtech ESCA2000), using Al Kα radiation as an exciting source. All binding energies (BE) were referenced to the C 1s peak at 284.6 eV.

Figure 2a shows the cross-sectional SEM image of 7 inch LCD upper plate taken from a car navigator. The thickness of ITO was observed as 170 nm. Figure 2b shows the simple recovery scheme. The upper plate was immersed into the alkaline solution. After 30 min, the colorless alkaline solution was changed to blue color. That means some parts of RGB pigments were dissolved. This solution was filtered with the polycarbonate (PC) membrane (pore size 0.4 µm).

The filter cake appeared as two parts, film shape part and granular part as in Figure 3a. In the part A, many of irregular film pieces were found. According to the energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS) analysis as shown in Figure 3b its major component was indium. Therefore we estimated that these pieces came from ITO. The granular part B was quite different from the part A. The EDS analysis in Figure 3c shows the elemental components of the aggregate part are carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, copper and magnesium etc. indicating this part came from color filter.

The specific analysis of ITO with EDS is very difficult because energy levels of indium and tin are too close to differentiate each other. Therefore, we studied the composition via XPS measurement. The XPS spectra of filter cake are shown in Figure 4. As shown in Figure 4a the peaks located at 444.6, and 452.2 eV corresponding to the In 3d5/2 and In 3d3/2 state, respectively. These are related to In3+ bonding state in the In2O3 [6,7,8,9,10]. Figure 4b shows that Sn 3d5/2 and Sn 3d3/2 peaks located at 486.6, 495.2 eV respectively. These binding energies indicate that the Sn is in the Sn4+ bonding state from SnO2 [7,10]. According to the XPS analysis, the binding energy of filter cake, part A, was in good agreement with a typical ITO. Therefore, it is concluded that the recovered sample was mostly consisted of ITO.

Most of the filter cake was collected by dissolving the filter with the filter cake with methylene chloride. After decanting the methylene chloride away, the residue was washed with same solvent several times. Thermal behavior of the residue was performed by using TG/DTA. As shown in Figure 5a, TG/DTA curves were obtained in the range of ambient temperature to 1000 °C at a heating rate of 10 °C·min−1 in air at atmospheric pressure. The first weight loss was observed in temperature range, i.e., between 200 °C and 400 °C, and DTA curve shows the exothermic reaction showing a peak at around 400 °C. This weight loss maybe due to decomposition of CF pigments in the residue. Composition of the CF materials really depends on the producing company but most of them are based on anthraquinone (red) and phtalocyanine (green or blue) [11]. These materials show the weight loss and exothermic reaction at temperatures lower than 600 °C [12,13,14]. These results indicate that thermal decomposition of the CF pigments could occur at lower than 600 °C. The inset in Figure 5a shows the yellow ITO powder obtained after heat treatment at 600 °C for 1 h in air. The color was similar to that of commercial ITO powder. The morphology of recovered ITO was observed by using HRTEM. The sizes of recovered ITO particles were less than 100 nm in diameter and appeared as aggregate as shown in Figure 5b.

Thermal behavior (a) and high-resolution transmission electron microscope (HRTEM) image (b) of the recovered ITO powder from TFT-LCD panel after heat treatment at 600 °C.

Figure 6 shows the X-ray diffraction pattern of the recovered ITO powder after heat-treatment at 600 °C. This pattern indicates that our sample has quite similar structure compared to a typical ITO crystal structure. The most intensive diffraction peak appeared at 30.5° and other peaks were at 35.5°, 50.9° and 60.7°. This pattern matches well with the diffraction pattern for the (222), (400), (440) and (622) orientations of cubic crystalline ITO [15,16]. Thus, the ITO particles after heat-treatment at 600 °C are well crystallized as cubic structure. However, the splitting of diffraction peak appeared at 30° indicates that the recovered ITO consists of two different layers. According to the reported results [17,18,19], splitting of XRD peak in ITO films was attributed to existence of two differently strained layers, i.e., amorphous and crystalline layer. The diffraction pattern of the recovered material was similar to that of pure ITO. It is supposed that most In atoms are uniformly substituted to Sn atoms in the lattice [20].

We have successfully recovered ITO in the form of nanoparticle from TFT-LCD panel scraps by using a simple lift-off method. This lift-off approach provided us a useful recovery method with high yield of 90%. ITO was easily separated as nanoparticles from glass substrate of TFT-LCD scarp. The size of the ITO nanoparticle was less than 100 nm, and appeared as aggregates. The recovered ITO was well crystallized to a (222) preferred orientation, and the composition ratio of In to Sn of about 91 to 9. The lift-off method described in this paper could be easily applied to the large scale recovery business dealing large size LCD panels from TV and other displays.

1. Global and china ITO sputtering targets industry research report 2013–2016. [(accessed on 26 November 2014)]. Available online: http://www.researchmoz.us/global-and-china-ito-sputtering-targets-industry-report-2013-2016-report.html

4. Yu J.-K., Kang S.-G., Jung K.-C., Han J.-S., Kim D.-H. Fabrication of nano-sized ITO powder from waste ITO target by spray pyrolysis process. Mater. Trans.2007;48:249–257. doi: 10.2320/matertrans.48.249. [CrossRef]

5. Hong S.-J., Kim M.-S., Kim J.-W., Shin M. Characteristics of indium-tin-oxide (ITO) glass re-used from old TFT-LCD panel. Mater. Trans.2012;53:968–972. doi: 10.2320/matertrans.MBW201122. [CrossRef]

9. Pammi S., Chanda A., Seong N.-J., Yoon S.-G. Growth of high-quality ITO thin films at low temperature by tuning the oxygen flow rate using the nano-cluster deposition (NCD) technique. Chem. Phys. Lett.2010;490:234–237. doi: 10.1016/j.cplett.2010.03.035. [CrossRef]

10. Choi D., Kim Y.S., Son Y. Recovery of indium tin oxide (ITO) and glass plate from discarded TFT-LCD panels using an electrochemical method and acid treatment. RSC Adv.2014;4:50975–50980. doi: 10.1039/C4RA11085D. [CrossRef]

11. Kopacek B. ReLCD recycling and re-use of LCD panels; Proceedings of the 19th Waste Management Conference of the IWMSA (WasteCon2008); Durban, South Africa. 6–10 October 2008; pp. 6–10.

20. Nadaud N., Lequeux N., Nanot M., Jove J., Roisnel T. Structural studies of tin-doped indium oxide (ITO) and In4Sn3O12. J. Solid State Chem.1998;135:140–148. doi: 10.1006/jssc.1997.7613. [CrossRef]

This nearly $4.9 billion company is a Taiwanese manufacturer of flat panel displays used in a wide variety of consumer electronics products such as high-def televisions, smartphones, notebook computers, and the touch-screen technology now being used in automobiles and payment-processing terminals.

Roughly 20% of large thin-film transistor LCD (TFT) panels in the world are produced by AU Optronics. Almost all Sonyundefined televisions in 2014 used AU Optronics flat panels, while Panasonic, LG(, Toshiba, Philips

Our company specializes in developing solutions that arerenowned across the globe and meet expectations of the most demanding customers. Orient Display can boast incredibly fast order processing - usually it takes us only 4-5 weeks to produce LCD panels and we do our best to deliver your custom display modules, touch screens or TFT and IPS LCD displays within 5-8 weeks. Thanks to being in the business for such a noteworthy period of time, experts working at our display store have gained valuable experience in the automotive, appliances, industrial, marine, medical and consumer electronics industries. We’ve been able to create top-notch, specialized factories that allow us to manufacture quality custom display solutions at attractive prices. Our products comply with standards such as ISO 9001, ISO 14001, QC 080000, ISO/TS 16949 and PPM Process Control. All of this makes us the finest display manufacturer in the market.

On the most basic level, most (not all) types of LCDs change the polarization state of light passing through a layer of liquid crystal material. The geometry of that layer is controlled by a competition between boundary conditions and an applied electric field. Usually, for this type of LCD, nematic liquid crystals are used with special coatings applied to the rear and front substrates. The coatings serve to create the boundary conditions and to apply the required electric field. On the outside of the LCD cell, optical films (including polarizer films) are attached. They translate the change in polarization of the light into a bright and dark contrast. The display structure gets assembled in such a way that zero applied field gives one extreme brightness state and fully applied field results in the other extreme. An intermediate field creates an intermediate brightness level.

In order to apply the field, it is necessary to have a transparent conductor so that the effect of the liquid crystal on light can be observed. Indium-Tin-Oxide (ITO) is such a conductor.

LCD manufacturers either buy ITO coated glass, or do the ITO coating as part of the manufacturing process. The ITO layer gets defined into shapes and patterns as needed by photolithography. The shapes and patterns of the two ITO layers (front and back) define the pixels and icons on the display.

According to IMARC Group’s latest report, titled “TFT LCD Panel Market: Global Industry Trends, Share, Size, Growth, Opportunity and Forecast 2022-2027”, the global TFT LCD panel market size reached US$ 157 Billion in 2021. Looking forward, IMARC Group expects the market to reach US$ 207.6 Billion by 2027, exhibiting a growth rate (CAGR) of 4.7% during 2022-2027.

A thin-film-transistor liquid-crystal display (TFT LCD) panel is a liquid crystal display that is generally attached to a thin film transistor. It is an energy-efficient product variant that offers a superior quality viewing experience without straining the eye. Additionally, it is lightweight, less prone to reflection and provides a wider viewing angle and sharp images. Consequently, it is generally utilized in the manufacturing of numerous electronic and handheld devices. Some of the commonly available TFT LCD panels in the market include twisted nematic, in-plane switching, advanced fringe field switching, patterned vertical alignment and an advanced super view.

The global market is primarily driven by continual technological advancements in the display technology. This is supported by the introduction of plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) technology to manufacture TFT panels that offers uniform thickness and cracking resistance to the product. Along with this, the widespread adoption of the TFT LCD panels in the production of automobiles dashboards that provide high resolution and reliability to the driver is gaining prominence across the globe. Furthermore, the increasing demand for compact-sized display panels and 4K television variants are contributing to the market growth. Moreover, the rising penetration of electronic devices, such as smartphones, tablets and laptops among the masses, is creating a positive outlook for the market. Other factors, including inflating disposable incomes of the masses, changing lifestyle patterns, and increasing investments in research and development (R&D) activities, are further projected to drive the market growth.

The competitive landscape of the TFT LCD panel market has been studied in the report with the detailed profiles of the key players operating in the market.

Flat-panel displays are thin panels of glass or plastic used for electronically displaying text, images, or video. Liquid crystal displays (LCD), OLED (organic light emitting diode) and microLED displays are not quite the same; since LCD uses a liquid crystal that reacts to an electric current blocking light or allowing it to pass through the panel, whereas OLED/microLED displays consist of electroluminescent organic/inorganic materials that generate light when a current is passed through the material. LCD, OLED and microLED displays are driven using LTPS, IGZO, LTPO, and A-Si TFT transistor technologies as their backplane using ITO to supply current to the transistors and in turn to the liquid crystal or electroluminescent material. Segment and passive OLED and LCD displays do not use a backplane but use indium tin oxide (ITO), a transparent conductive material, to pass current to the electroluminescent material or liquid crystal. In LCDs, there is an even layer of liquid crystal throughout the panel whereas an OLED display has the electroluminescent material only where it is meant to light up. OLEDs, LCDs and microLEDs can be made flexible and transparent, but LCDs require a backlight because they cannot emit light on their own like OLEDs and microLEDs.

Liquid-crystal display (or LCD) is a thin, flat panel used for electronically displaying information such as text, images, and moving pictures. They are usually made of glass but they can also be made out of plastic. Some manufacturers make transparent LCD panels and special sequential color segment LCDs that have higher than usual refresh rates and an RGB backlight. The backlight is synchronized with the display so that the colors will show up as needed. The list of LCD manufacturers:

Organic light emitting diode (or OLED displays) is a thin, flat panel made of glass or plastic used for electronically displaying information such as text, images, and moving pictures. OLED panels can also take the shape of a light panel, where red, green and blue light emitting materials are stacked to create a white light panel. OLED displays can also be made transparent and/or flexible and these transparent panels are available on the market and are widely used in smartphones with under-display optical fingerprint sensors. LCD and OLED displays are available in different shapes, the most prominent of which is a circular display, which is used in smartwatches. The list of OLED display manufacturers:

MicroLED displays is an emerging flat-panel display technology consisting of arrays of microscopic LEDs forming the individual pixel elements. Like OLED, microLED offers infinite contrast ratio, but unlike OLED, microLED is immune to screen burn-in, and consumes less power while having higher light output, as it uses LEDs instead of organic electroluminescent materials, The list of MicroLED display manufacturers:

LCDs are made in a glass substrate. For OLED, the substrate can also be plastic. The size of the substrates are specified in generations, with each generation using a larger substrate. For example, a 4th generation substrate is larger in size than a 3rd generation substrate. A larger substrate allows for more panels to be cut from a single substrate, or for larger panels to be made, akin to increasing wafer sizes in the semiconductor industry.

"Samsung Display has halted local Gen-8 LCD lines: sources". THE ELEC, Korea Electronics Industry Media. August 16, 2019. Archived from the original on April 3, 2020. Retrieved December 18, 2019.

"TCL to Build World"s Largest Gen 11 LCD Panel Factory". www.businesswire.com. May 19, 2016. Archived from the original on April 2, 2018. Retrieved April 1, 2018.

"Panel Manufacturers Start to Operate Their New 8th Generation LCD Lines". 대한민국 IT포털의 중심! 이티뉴스. June 19, 2017. Archived from the original on June 30, 2019. Retrieved June 30, 2019.

"TCL"s Panel Manufacturer CSOT Commences Production of High Generation Panel Modules". www.businesswire.com. June 14, 2018. Archived from the original on June 30, 2019. Retrieved June 30, 2019.

"Samsung Display Considering Halting Some LCD Production Lines". 비즈니스코리아 - BusinessKorea. August 16, 2019. Archived from the original on April 5, 2020. Retrieved December 19, 2019.

Herald, The Korea (July 6, 2016). "Samsung Display accelerates transition from LCD to OLED". www.koreaherald.com. Archived from the original on April 1, 2018. Retrieved April 1, 2018.

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While global sales of smartphones have decreased, global shipments of smartphone-use flexible OLED panels keep increasing but those of rigid OLED panels have slipped, according to industry sources.

As global demand for XR (extended reality) headsets is expected to take off in 2023, microLED panels tend to surpass LCD and OLED panels to become mainstream, specifically for XR devices, according to South Korea-based Money Today.

LCD panel maker Innolux has reported consolidated revenue of NT$16.182 billion (US$529.25 million) for November, growing 3.61% sequentially but slipping 39.15% on year.

LG Display (LGD) will bring to an end production of LCD panels at its P7 plant in Paju, northern South Korea, sooner in mid-December 2022 or later at the end of the month, and thus end production of all LCD panels in South Korea, according to South Korea-based TheElec.

Chinese panel makers including BOE, TCL CSOT, and Visionox have been acting keenly to expand AMOLED capacities, following the footsteps of Korea-based Samsung Display and LG Display, according to DIGITIMES Research"s latest study.

Global OLED Technology (GOT), LG Display"s (LGD) subsidiary that owns and licenses OLED technology patents, sent warning to China-based panel maker BOE Technology against infringing on such patents in the first half of 2022, according to South Korea-based media The Elec.

LCD panel maker AUO has announced its consolidated revenue in November reached NT$17.48 billion (US$571.26 million), up by 1.7% month-over-month but down 43.4% year-over-year.

As the display industry stays in stagnation, Taiwan-based PMOLED panel makers, including Ritdisplay and Wisechip Semiconductor, have been venturing into new business segments.

PMOLED (passive matrix OLED) panel maker Ritdisplay has stepped into battery business by establishing subsidiary battery maker Ritwin and investing in Welltech Energy, and expects the battery business to mainly drive business growth in the future, according to the company.

Sales promotion of TVs at the Double 11 (November 11) online shopping festival in the China market and the Black Friday & Cyber Monday shopping festival in the US market has helped TV vendors lower inventory levels and, in turn, is conducive to a rebound in demand for TV-use LCD panels, according to president James Yang for TFT-LCD panel maker Innolux and president Frank Ko for fellow maker AUO.

Samsung Display (SDC) shipped 86.3 million OLED panels for smartphones and smart wearable devices globally in third-quarter 2022, taking a worldwide market share of 62.9%, down 5.9pp sequentially, iNews 24 cited Stone Partners statistics as indicating.

Important technical improvements of LCD, such as LED backlighting and wide viewing Angle, are directly related to LCD. And account for an LCD display 80% of the cost of the LCD panel, enough to show that the LCD panel is the core part of the entire display, the quality of the LCD panel, can be said to directly determine the quality of an LCD display.

The production of civil LCD displays is just an assembly process. The LCD panel, the main control circuit, shell, and other parts of the main assembly, basically will not have too complex technical problems.

Does this mean that LCDS are low-tech products? In fact, it is not. The production and manufacturing process of the LCD panels is very complicated, requiring at least 300 process processes. The whole process needs to be carried out in a dust-free environment and with precise technology.

The general structure of the LCD panel is not very complex, now the structure of the LCD panel is divided into two parts: the LCD panel and the backlight system.

Due to the LCD does not shine, so you need to use another light source to illuminate, the function of the backlight system is to this, but currently used CCFL lamp or LED backlight, don’t have the characteristics of the surface light source, so you need to guide plate, spreadsheet components, such as linear or point sources of light evenly across the surface, in order to make the entire LCD panel on the differences of luminous intensity is the same, but it is very difficult, to achieve the ideal state can be to try to reduce brightness non-uniformity, the backlight system has a lot to the test of design and workmanship.

In addition, there is a driving IC and printed circuit board beside the LCD panel, which is mainly used to control the rotation of LCD molecules in the LCD panel and the transmission of display signals. The LCD plate is thin and translucent without electricity. It is roughly shaped like a sandwich, with an LCD sandwiched between a layer of TFT glass and a layer of colored filters.

LCD with light refraction properties of solid crystals, with fluid flow characteristics at the same time, under the drive of the electrode, can be arranged in a way that, in accordance with the master want to control the strength of the light through, and then on the color filter, through the red, green, blue three colors of each pixel toning, eventually get the full-screen image.

According to the functional division, the LCD panel can be divided into the LCD panel and the backlight system. However, to produce an LCD panel, it needs to go through three complicated processes, namely, the manufacturing process of the front segment Array,the manufacturing process of the middle segment Cell, and the assembly of the rear segment module. Today we will be here, for you in detail to introduce the production of the LCD panel manufacturing process.

The manufacturing process of the LCD panel Array is mainly composed of four parts: film, yellow light, etch and peel film. If we just look at it in this way, many netizens do not understand the specific meaning of these four steps and why they do so.

First of all, the motion and arrangement of LCD molecules need electrons to drive them. Therefore, on the TFT glass, the carrier of LCD, there must be conductive parts to control the motion of LCD. In this case, we use ITO (Indium Tin Oxide) to do this.ITO is transparent and also acts as a thin-film conductive crystal so that it doesn’t block the backlight.

The different arrangement of LCD molecules and the rapid motion change can ensure that each pixel displays the corresponding color accurately and the image changes accurately and quickly, which requires the precision of LCD molecule control.ITO film needs special treatment, just like printing the circuit on the PCB board, drawing the conductive circuit on the whole LCD board.

First, the ITO film layer needs to be deposited on the TFT glass, so that there is a smooth and uniform ITO film on the whole TFT glass. Then, using ionized water, the ITO glass is cleaned and ready for the next step.

Next, a photoresist is applied to the glass on which ITO film is deposited, and a uniform photoresist layer is formed on the ITO glass. After baking for a period of time, the solvent of the photoresist was partially volatilized to increase the adhesion of the photoresist material to the ITO glass.

Then etch off the ITO film without photoresist covering with appropriate acid etching solution, and only retain the ITO film under the photoresist. ITO glass is conductive glass (In2O3 and SnO2). The ITO film not covered by photoresist is easy to react with acid, while the ITO film covered by photoresist can be retained to obtain the corresponding wire electrode.

Stripping: High concentration of alkali solution (NaOH solution) is used as a stripping solution to peel off the remaining photoresist on the glass so that ITO glass can form ITO graphics exactly consistent with the photolithography mask.

This completes the previous Array process. It is not difficult to see from the whole process that ITO film is deposited, photoresist coated, exposed, developed, and etched on TFT glass, and finally, ITO electrode pattern designed in the early stage is formed on TFT glass to control the movement of LCD molecules on the glass. The general steps of the whole production process are not complicated, but the technical details and precautions are very complicated, so we will not introduce them here. Interested friends can consult relevant materials by themselves.

The glass that the LCD board uses makes a craft also very exquisite. (The manufacturing process flow of the LCD display screen)At present, the world’s largest LCD panel glass, mainly by the United States Corning, Japan Asahi glass manufacturers, located in the upstream of the production of LCD panel, these manufacturers have mastered the glass production technology patents. A few months ago, the earthquake caused a corning glass furnace shutdown incident, which has caused a certain impact on the LCD panel industry, you can see its position in the industry.

As mentioned earlier, the LCD panel is structured like a sandwich, with an LCD sandwiched between the lower TFT glass and the upper color filter. The terminal Cell process in LCD panel manufacturing involves the TFT glass being glued to the top and bottom of a colored filter, but this is not a simple bonding process that requires a lot of technical detail.

As you can see from the figure above, the glass is divided into 6 pieces of the same size. In other words, the LCD made from this glass is finally cut into 6 pieces, and the size of each piece is the final size. When the glass is cast, the specifications and sizes of each glass have been designed in advance.

Then, the organic polymer directional material is coated on the surface of the glass, that is, a uniform directional layer is applied to the appropriate position of ITO glass by the method of selective coating. Meanwhile, the directional layer is cured.

Directional friction:Flannelette material is used to rub the surface of the layer in a specific direction so that the LCD molecules can be arranged along the friction direction of the aligned layer in the future to ensure the consistency of the arrangement of LCD molecules. After the alignment friction, there will be some contaminants such as flannelette thread, which need to be washed away through a special cleaning process.

After the TFT glass substrate is cleaned, a sealant coating is applied to allow the TFT glass substrate to be bonded to the color filter and to prevent LCD outflow.

Finally, the conductive adhesive is applied to the frame in the bonding direction of the glass of the color filter to ensure that external electrons can flow into the LCD layer. Then, according to the bonding mark on the TFT glass substrate and the color filter, two pieces of glass are bonded together, and the bonding material is solidified at high temperatures to make the upper and lower glasses fit statically.

Color filters are very important components of LCD panels. Manufacturers of color filters, like glass substrate manufacturers, are upstream of LCD panel manufacturers. Their oversupply or undersupply can directly affect the production schedule of LCD panels and indirectly affect the end market.

As can be seen from the above figure, each LCD panel is left with two edges after cutting. What is it used for? You can find the answer in the later module process

Finally, a polarizer is placed on both sides of each LCD substrate, with the horizontal polarizer facing outwards and the vertical polarizer facing inwards.

When making LCD panel, must up and down each use one, and presents the alternating direction, when has the electric field and does not have the electric field, causes the light to produce the phase difference and to present the light and dark state, uses in the display subtitle or the pattern.

The rear Module manufacturing process is mainly the integration of the drive IC pressing of the LCD substrate and the printed circuit board. This part can transmit the display signal received from the main control circuit to the drive IC to drive the LCD molecules to rotate and display the image. In addition, the backlight part will be integrated with the LCD substrate at this stage, and the complete LCD panel is completed.

Firstly, the heteroconductive adhesive is pressed on the two edges, which allows external electrons to enter the LCD substrate layer and acts as a bridge for electronic transmission

Next is the drive IC press. The main function of the drive IC is to output the required voltage to each pixel and control the degree of torsion of the LCD molecules. The drive IC is divided into two types. The source drive IC located in the X-axis is responsible for the input of data. It is characterized by high frequency and has an image function. The gate drive IC located in the Y-axis is responsible for the degree and speed of torsion of LCD molecules, which directly affects the response time of the LCD display. However, there are already many LCD panels that only have driving IC in the X-axis direction, perhaps because the Y-axis drive IC function has been integrated and simplified.

The press of the flexible circuit board can transmit data signals and act as the bridge between the external printed circuit and LCD. It can be bent and thus becomes a flexible or flexible circuit board

The manufacturing process of the LCD substrate still has a lot of details and matters needing attention, for example, rinse with clean, dry, dry, dry, ultrasonic cleaning, exposure, development and so on and so on, all have very strict technical details and requirements, so as to produce qualified eyes panel, interested friends can consult relevant technical information by a search engine.

LCD (LC) is a kind of LCD, which has the properties of light transmission and refraction of solid Crystal, as well as the flow property of Liquid. It is because of this property that it will be applied to the display field.

However, LCD does not emit light autonomously, so the display equipment using LCD as the display medium needs to be equipped with another backlight system.

First, a backplate is needed as the carrier of the light source. The common light source for LCD display equipment is CCFL cold cathode backlight, but it has started to switch to an LED backlight, but either one needs a backplate as the carrier.

CCFL backlight has been with LCD for a long time. Compared with LED backlight, CCFL backlight has many defects. However, it has gradually evolved to save 50% of the lamp and enhance the transmittance of the LCD panel, so as to achieve the purpose of energy-saving.

With the rapid development of LED in the field of lighting, the cost has been greatly reduced.LCD panels have also started to use LED as the backlight on a large scale. Currently, in order to control costs, an LED backlight is placed on the side rather than on the backplate, which can reduce the number of LED grains.

At the top of the diffusion plate, there will be 3~4 diffuser pieces, constantly uniform light to the whole surface, improve the uniformity of light, which is directly related to the LCD panel display effect. Professional LCD in order to better control the brightness uniformity of the screen, panel procurement, the later backlight control circuit, will make great efforts to ensure the quality of the panel.

Since the LCD substrate and the backlight system are not fixed by bonding, a metal or rubber frame is needed to be added to the outer layer to fix the LCD substrate and the backlight system.

After the period of the Module, the process is completed in LCM (LCDModule) factory, the core of this part of the basic does not involve the use of LCD manufacturing technology, mainly is some assembly work, so some machine panel factories such as chi mei, Korea department such as Samsung panel factory, all set with LCM factories in mainland China, Duan Mo group after the LCD panel assembly, so that we can convenient mainland area each big monitor procurement contract with LCD TV manufacturers, can reduce the human in the whole manufacturing and transportation costs.

However, neither Taiwan nor Korea has any intention to set up factories in mainland China for the LCD panel front and middle manufacturing process involving core technologies. Therefore, there is still a long way to go for China to have its own LCD panel industry.

Global inventory of liquid-crystal display television (LCD TV) panels is set to rise to its highest level in 19 months in August, with the elevated stockpiles expected to contribute to a decline in prices in the second half of the year.

Weeks of LCD TV panel inventory held by suppliers are set to increase to 5.0 in August, up from 4.9 in July and 4.8 in June, according to the IHS report entitled "LCD Industry Tracker – TV" from information and analytics provider IHS (NYSE: IHS). The last time the inventory reached this level was January 2012.

“LCD TV panel inventory is entering into above-normal territory in July and August,” said Ricky Park, senior manager for large-area displays at IHS. “Stockpiles are on the rise because of a delay in economic recovery for many areas of the world, along with growing uncertainty regarding domestic demand in China. The combination of a glut in panels and weak demand will cause price reductions to accelerate in the third quarter compared to the second.”

Average LCD TV panel prices are forecast to decline in a range from 3 to 6 percent in the third quarter, compared to a 1 to 2 percent decrease in the second quarter.

For one, Chinese TV brands overstocked panels in the first half. Moreover, the government in Beijing has terminated its subsidy program for energy-saving TVs, a development expected to dampen demand in the second half.

In light of the weak demand and rising inventory, Chinese TV manufacturers are cutting panel orders. These domestic TV brands account for more than 80 percent of shipments in China, the world’s largest TV market.

With the exception of February during the Lunar New Year holiday when they disposed of more panels than they actually purchased, China’s Top 6 television makers increased their LCD panel purchases significantly every month in 2013 compared to the same periods in 2012. However, they plan to purchase 24 percent fewer panels in July and 25 percent less in August than they did during the same months in 2012.