do all lcd monitors have hdmi ports supplier
Computer monitors have quickly evolved over the years allowing for monitors with greater features, innovative user interfaces, as well as better displays. However, how do current monitors fair when it comes to what’s actually in the box? Which brings us to the question Do Monitors Come With HDMI Cables?
Most computer monitors do come with HDMI cables, however, not all of them. The manufacturer will typically state whether or not it provides an HDMI cable in the product description section of its website.
Let’s now take a quick look at some of the top monitors in the market & whether or not they provide a free HDMI cable in the box, as well as some top uses for an HDMI cable. Let’s dive in!
The majority of monitors do come with HDMI cables, however, not all of them do. Most manufacturers state on their website whether or not an HDMI cable is included in the box. So be sure to check the manufacturer’s official website to see whether or not they provide an HDMI cable.
Probably one of the top uses of an HDMI cable is connecting your laptop to a monitor. This makes a huge difference when it comes to productivity as it allows you to utilize the larger screen & have multiple browsers open without having to minimize & maximize the browser on your screen to get through information.
HDMI cables can also be a great option when you want to utilize your TV’s enhanced viewing experience & transmit your favorite shows from your laptop to your TV. This is particularly great if you don’t have cable or if you want to just pop a movie from a streaming service such as Netflix or Hulu to your Screen without having to download the app.
Another great use for an HDMI cable is connecting a soundbar to your TV. This allows for a much better listening experience since most smart TVs aren’t equipped with large speakers. So adding a soundbar to the mix will definitely have a positive impact on your viewing experience.
Last but not least an HDMI cable can also be used to connect your monitor or TV to a streaming Box, allowing you to stream popular movies & TV shows through popular streaming services such as Netflix, Hulu, Apple TV…etc
Some computer monitors in the market are equipped with built-in speakers, however, the majority don’t have speakers. You can check whether or not your monitor has speakers by checking to see if it has an audio input jack at the back of the monitor if it does then your monitor does have built-in speakers.
Most computer monitors don’t have cameras, the reason being is adding a camera will require the manufacturer to spend additional resources on functionality as well as the camera itself. This will increase the overall price of the monitor for resources spent on functionality & the hardware without providing much value to the monitor itself.
So there you have it, whether or not your monitor will be provided with an HDMI cable is simply dependent on the type of monitor. However, the majority of monitors in the market do provide you with an HDMI cable. However, to ensure your desired monitor provides an HDMI cable check the official website of the manufacturer to see whether or not an HDMI cable is provided in the box.
However, plenty of wired connections are still essential, and ports remain a reliable connection solution. For example, a quick look at your monitor or computer CPU will show you various ports, such as USB, Thunderbolt, and even the older VGA.
That said, the last decade or so has seen HDMI become the common standard for proprietary connection interfaces, making it one of the quickest and most reliable ways to connect devices.
The answer is as simple as checking the ports on the back of your monitor. Depending on the unit you have, your monitor may feature anywhere from a couple of HDMI ports to several interfaces, including DisplayPort and even VGA. However, modern monitors that feature high refresh rates and resolutions tend to feature the latest HDMI port, HDMI 2.1.
If you’re interested in learning more about HDMI ports and monitors, this article will detail the HDMI ports, monitors, why you should use them, and anything else in between.
An abbreviation for High Definition Multimedia Interface, the HDMI was first released back in 2002. It was also developed by several top manufacturers, including Sony, Toshiba, and Panasonic, to name a few.
During the early 2000s, VGA ports (the standard at the time) were starting to show their age. As they are analog cables that rely on electrical surges, VGA cannot transmit both audio and video, and its max resolution is only 1080p.
As a result, HDMI was developed as a replacement. However, it would take a few years and the switch to digital cables for HDMI to be fully adopted, making it the new standard for connections.
The newest HDMI version is 2.1, capable of transmitting 8K and 10K resolutions for the most high-end set-ups. It also enables a bandwidth of up to 48 Gbps, making it the fastest cable currently available in the market.
In terms of connections, a monitor doesn’t need to use an HDMI port for connection. It’s also not a requirement, as a manufacturer can use plenty of other connectivity solutions.
As a matter of fact, quite a few do not offer HDMI. In such cases, the monitor may instead opt for only DVI, USB-C, or DisplayPort connectors, and it will still function just like any other monitor.
Furthermore, plenty of other options even exceed that of HDMI’s capabilities. For example, monitors that use DisplayPort 2.0 ramp things up by having a bandwidth of 77.37 Gbps, meaning that it can output 16K resolution at 60Hz, provided you have the GPU for it.
Additionally, DisplayPort 2.0 even enables dual-monitor support at higher resolutions and faster refresh rates. For example, it can easily output dual 8K displays at 120Hz. For this reason, you will find gaming-oriented monitors and PCs using DisplayPort instead of HDMI.
However, the reason why plenty of monitors and TVs use HDMIs is simply that it’s the standard, and plenty of consumers that utilize these products expect an HDMI port or two.
On that note, more TVs use HDMI, while high-end monitors used in gaming-oriented set-ups often use the latest DisplayPort version, as these are more capable and offer faster refresh rates.
Given that you’re using the standard HDMI size (there are also mini-HDMIs, though they are less common), an HDMI port looks a bit similar to a USB port, albeit with a more trapezium shape. It’s a recognizable outline and, often, HDMI ports either have a label that says “HDMI” or sports its logo up top.
To start, take your male HDMI cable and locate your monitor’s female HDMI port. If it doesn’t have one, you can either use a DisplayPort cable or an adapter. Either way works.
Assuming your monitor has an HDMI port, insert the cable in the port and secure it. Then, locate the other end of your cable and do the same thing in your GPU’s HDMI port.
Suppose the cable has no problems and you’re using the correct HDMI version compatible with your GPU and monitor. In that case, you should be able to enjoy your choice of media in the highest resolution properly.
Otherwise, using an older HDMI cable will still work, but it will only transmit the resolution it’s capable of. For example, using an HDMI 1.4 cable on a monitor that supports 144Hz will only give you 30-60Hz.
One great example is the SecurOMax HDMI cable, which features a gold-plated connector that supports up to 4K UHD. It also comes with a braided cable and is quite affordable.
There’s also the Belkin HDMI 2.1 Ultra High-Speed cable, which future-proofs you as it supports 8K resolutions, 4K at 120Hz, and even features a braided jacket for extra stability. Utilitywise, this cable is best used in game settings.
Belkin Ultra HD HDMI 2.1 Cable 6.6FT/2M - 4K Ultra High Speed HDMI Cable - 48Gbps HDMI 2.1 Cord - Dolby Vision HDR & [email protected] Capable - Compatible w/...
If you’re looking to connect your PC to a high refresh monitor, you should locate the HDMI port on the back. The same goes for any modern television, as HDMI is the standard used for most consumer electronics.
Best of all, HDMI ports are backward compatible and should work with any HDMI cable. However, if you want to take advantage of better graphics, we suggest future-proofing yourself with the latest version of the HDMI.
An HDMI monitor is a monitor that is connected through a high-definition multimedia interface (HDMI) port. The connection is generally the first obstacle you encounter when buying a monitor. Most LCD monitors use VGA and HDMI ports, with the latter being somewhat more important. This is because the image’s definition depends on it.
For most modern home entertainment devices, flat-screen TVs, and monitors, for example, HDMI is the standard connection interface. In the case of DVI, on the other hand, the signal is transmitted in digital format, which means that it maintains the original quality.
HDMI ports have completely taken over the current market because this system allows uncompressed and encrypted transmission. This means that the connection is made directly, improving the quality of two factors in the process. Both high-definition video and multichannel digital sound are made possible.
The audio is transmitted through eight channels without stopping during compression, while videos do not need to be compressed and therefore keep their original quality.
Various versions have improved HDMI monitors over time. Simultaneously, the cables have evolved to adapt and offer new functions. Knowing the various versions helps you to make a comparison between different HDMI monitors.
If you want to make the most of your monitor, you should opt for an HDMI model. Visual enhancements are a vital aspect for anyone looking for the optimal experience. Before purchasing the best HDMI monitor for you, you will have to evaluate a series of key criteria. If you pay attention to them, you will make the right decision and find the best HDMI monitor for your personal needs.
Nowadays, there are many different ways to connect a monitor. While HDMI monitors are increasingly gaining popularity, you still have access to other methods. They range from the classic VGA connection to modern USB-C systems that can reach speeds of up to 40 Gbps.
With the DisplayPort interface, all you have to do is connect the ports and start enjoying your new monitor. Many models currently have a node with several USB connectors. While some integrate speakers, audio inputs, and outputs in the design, multimedia monitors stand out for offering quality solutions in that sector.
A wall-mounted monitor allows you to have more space on your desk for other items. The ergonomic capacity of your monitor is another key criterion. Make sure that the model you buy has a base that can be adjusted and rotated to your liking.
You may also be interested in the Low Blue Light technology. This feature protects your eyes from continuous exposure to blue light by focusing on reducing the brightness of blue tones, which converts images into warmer tones. You can even find monitors with customizable lighting systems.
Several key differences exist between HDMI monitors and previous systems. First of all, the usual DVI (Digital Visual Interface) connection doesn’t support audio signals. This means that you would need an auxiliary cable for the sound. In addition, HDMI supports higher resolutions. The DVI was designed to connect to the PC, while the HDMI is able to connect to any audiovisual device.
The HDMI also has a protection system called HDCP (High-Bandwidth Digital Content Protection) that allows to safeguard the data transmission, hence preventing unauthorized copies. Its aim is basically to avoid plagiarism in the output of a source. To do so, a transmitter verifies the receiver’s authorization and encrypts the material.
The HDMI connection isn’t exclusive just yet, and there are still versions and models that include other types of connectors. This is why various adapters have been created to allow you to keep using your devices. In the following paragraphs, we explain the most common types for you.
While most current devices integrate HDMI outputs, you may have a monitor or projector that only has a VGA input. This could prevent you from connecting your two devices. With an HDMI to VGA adapter, you can convert the signal and enjoy high-quality audio and video.
This adapter is particularly useful for linking HDMI monitors to another portable device. With this cable, you will be able to connect your smartphone or tablet without having to configure them. These adapters tend to have longer life cycles, and they have already been upgraded with the
We have talked about HDMI monitors, cables, and adapters. But what if all this could be done without cables? This is now possible. Wireless systems can connect to the monitor port and to the device you want to link it to. The transmission of the content keeps its quality and doesn’t require compression.
Which begs the question, “how to connect monitor with no HDMI ports?”. Fortunately, there is a very easy solution to this. Basically you can use a different port or video interface adapter.
The adapters can be small dongle or an entire cable that turns the HDMI on one to another interface on the other. Options include HDMI-to-VGA, HDMI-to-DVI etc cables and adapters.
No, it is not necessary for monitors to feature an HDMI port. In fact, if you have a monitor that is a decade or so old, then there are chances that it may not feature an HDMI port at all.
Take for instance the Acer V6 V22HQL 22″ monitor. This monitor DOES NOT feature an HDMI port at all and instead only features a DVI and a VGA port for connectivity.
I mentioned earlier that a majority of the newer devices use HDMI ports for audio/video output. However, majority of the desktop computers still feature a VGA or a DVI port.
You can use the VGA end of this adapter to connect to your monitor instead and use the HDMI input for connecting your desktop or laptop to the adapter. You will need an HDMI cable for connecting this adapter to the laptop or desktop.
Therefore, when using an HDMI to VGA or HDMI to DVI adapter, you will not be able to transfer the audio signals to a monitor if it has built-in speakers. Instead, you will need to use the separate 3.5mm audio port for sound.
Basically, if you have an HDMI-to-VGA adapter or an HDMI-to-DVI adapter, it will take a signal from an HDMI SOURCE (Laptop, Desktop) and switch it into VGA or DVI on the other hand (connected to monitor).
You cannot use this the other way around. Meaning you cannot take a VGA or DVI source, and then convert that to HDMI output. HDMI-to-DVI DOES NOT EQUAL DVI-to-HDMI.
If you want to connect your gaming console i.e PS4, Xbox One, PS5 etc to a monitor with a VGA or DVI-D port, then the average HDMI-to-VGA or HDMI-to-DVI adapters or adapter cables will simply not work.
It’s important for you to know and understand the different computer monitor connection types so you can choose the best for your monitor. They include VGA, HDMI, Display port, DVI, Thunderbolt, and SDI.
With the development of newer technology manufacturers have developed better and advanced connectors. With those comes a better resolution, which makes the monitors, like the ones in this post, easy on the eye. Let’s take a look at the various types of ports you might have come across online.
Because VGA and some versions of the DVI connector Interface are suited for analog data, the quality of the video may become degraded at higher resolutions or at longer cable length. A VGA cable will typically have a blue color connector.
It was mainly used with the now-extinct CRT monitors (see "What is a CRT Monitor?"), but you can still find VGA DVI connector ports on some new hardware equipment such as LCD monitors. However, VGA DVI-ports are slowly being phased out by digital and modern connections. Latest top-shelf gaming monitors we reviewed and cutting edge vertical monitors here have all ditched the analogue in favor of digital ports.
DVI stands for the digital visual interface. It was developed in 1999 to provide uncompressed, high-quality video connection to LCD monitors. A DVI connector will typically have a white color adapter. There are three used types of DVI port;
DVI -D is another version of DVI connector ports where the ‘D’ stands for digital. It’s used only to send digital signals. DVI –D is much more common compared to DVI –A but you cannot use DVI –D cable with a DVI –A equipment or vice versa.
A DVI –D dual link connector uses a pin arrangement of a single flat pin and three solid rows of eight pins each. It has a maximum resolution of 2048 by 1536 at 9.9 Gbps. A single-link cable sends one signal at a time whereas a dual-link cable can send two signals, allowing for higher data flow at larger resolutions.
There’s also another version of the DVI standard called DVI –I, where the ‘I’ stands for integrated which means it can carry both analog and digital signals. This means that you can use it with DVI –D or DVI –A.
Dual-link DVI uses a pin arrangement of a single flat pin surrounded by four pins and three solid rows of eight pins each. It’s capable of a maximum resolution of up to 2560 by 1600 and double the video bandwidth at 9.9 Gbps.
HDMI stands for High definition multimedia interface. It’s probably the mostbroadly used HD signal interface for transmitting both high-definition audio and video over a single cable.
HDMI cables - see also "What is HDMI?" post - are widely used today in different electronic products such as a monitor, Graphics card, TVs, computers, projectors, mobile devices, Xbox, video cards, PlayStation, and many more. Over the years, HDMI has been connected to more devices and has become the standard for corporate and commercial devices.
HDMI cable connectors are one of the best standards for high definition in customer electronics delivering crystal clear video as well as audio signals. Furthermore, in 2017, HDMI 2.1 was released which added another channel for network communication together with these qualities - see best HDMI 2.1 monitors, too.
There’re mini and micro versions of Hdmi out there on the market too, as smaller and smaller devices such as our smartphones and tablets increasingly become our HD AV sources.
It was developed by VESA (Video electronics standard association). It can also connect to the older DVI, VGA, and HDMI ports using adapters or HDMI DisplayPort converters. It has multi-monitor capabilities which allow you to use multiple computer monitors by connecting them in a daisy chain connection or configuration.
This is a version of the DisplayPort that was introduced by Apple Company in 2,008. It uses the same technology as DisplayPort DP but it"s smaller in size or mini.
Its daisy chain connection makes Display Port more focused on computer use than other devices such as television due to its ability to connect a chain of monitors. Here are some of its features;Mini Displayport 2.0 supports 4k at 240 hertzMini Displayport 1.4 support 8k at 30hertzDisplay Port 2.0 supports 8k at 85 hertzBoth 4k and 8k is supported
The SDI is a simple coaxial cable that can run up to about 300 meters before losing video signal strength. Its digital connections use a BNC connector and almost all video security cameras use it to transfer motion pictures.
Both DisplayPort and HDMI have different features that make them popular and widely used in a computer. However, I find the DisplayPort to be far more superior to HDMI due to its exceptional features and ability to accommodate future technology.
Here are some of the features and capabilities that differentiate HDMI and DisplayPort from the rest;Both HDMI DisplayPort connectors have corners at the sides that are used to prevent the user from inserting the connectors incorrectly.The DisplayPort connector has a locking mechanism that keeps the cable connected to your display equipment whereas HDMI doesn’t have a locking mechanism.In terms of speed, the DisplayPort 2.0 has a maximum transmission of up to 80 Gbps whereas HDMI cable 2.1 has a maximum transmission of up to 48Gbps.Both cables support 4k and 8k
Make sure you understand which cable is required so as to meet your needs. HDMI is best for video and audio signals. Use it for PC and TV connections.
If you are looking for high refresh rates either for gaming or video editing, DisplayPort is the cable of your choice. It is also great for audio and video signals and transmits up to 144HZ - see "Which Cable Do I Need for 144Hz?" post.
HDMI and DisplayPort can support up to 8k resolution but you should check the specifications of the cable before purchasing it. If you want a cable connection at 1080p, DVI and VGA will be just fine.
The most common types of monitor ports and cables are HDMI, DisplayPort, and USB-CTM (see What is USB-C?), which are found on the majority of modern displays. However, legacy interfaces such as VGA and DVI are also available in case you need to connect to older devices.
DVI is an acronym for Digital Visual Interface and provides a noticeably sharper, higher-quality image than VGA. It is a one-of-a-kind connector in that it is capable of carrying both digital and analog signals. Additionally, DVI is easily convertable to other standards such as HDMI and VGA.
HDMI is the most frequently used connector for televisions. However, if you want to connect a computer to your television (or if you"ve purchased a new computer monitor), your options typically include HDMI, DisplayPort, DVI, and occasionally the venerable VGA.
The majority of computers include VGA, DVI, and HDMI ports, while some laptops only include thunderbolt, USB ports, and an HDMI adapter. Therefore, if both your monitor and computer have a VGA connection, connect the two using a VGA cable.
Yes. DisplayPort cables have a higher data transfer rate than HDMI cables. With a higher bandwidth, the cable can transmit more signals simultaneously. This is primarily beneficial if you intend to connect multiple monitors to your computer.
As the coronavirus spreads, you may have been asked to work from home. Instead of leaning over your laptop computer and trying to do everything on its tiny screen, I"ve recommended adding a full-size monitor to your desk.
Depending on where you live, you may not be able to go out to a store to buy a monitor in person. So, I"m going to do my best to tell you what you need to look for. And I"ll keep it inexpensive, since we"re going to assume you"re using a monitor for work instead of gaming or watching 4K videos.
Your laptop probably has a screen size between 12 and 17 inches, measured diagonally. Desktop monitors range in sizes but, most of the time, you"re going to want to go between 19 and 27 inches. You want enough room to spread out your documents and apps, but you also don"t want a big screen taking over your entire desk.
If you"re considering adding two monitors, I think 22 inches is the perfect sweet spot between "too big" and "too small." They"ll go nicely side by side without taking over your entire desk. If you"re just getting a single monitor, consider moving up to 24 or 27 inches.
The most expensive monitors cost hundreds of dollars. But you don"t need to spend that much. I bought a pair of HP 22er 21.5-inch monitors over the weekend for $110 each (on sale.) They"re currently going for about $150 each on HP"s website.
In terms of specs, a 1080p resolution is fine for most people who are just doing work. If you"re going to use it as a gaming monitor, too, then you need to think about all sorts of things that will add to the price, such as a sharper resolution, better refresh rates and more.
You don"t need a curved monitor. They look cool but really don"t add much to the experience. And make sure you get other basics such as an IPS screen for better viewing angles, which most have, and a good contrast ratio, at least 1,000:1, so that you get a good balance between black and white pixels. More expensive monitors will have much better contrast ratios.
Consider other things: Some monitors have built-in speakers, but most don"t, which means the audio will still just come out of your laptop. Does it have an adjustable stand? You may want this if you want to adjust how high or low the monitor sits on your desk. Does it tilt forward and backward? Can it flip 180 degrees? These are other features I don"t need but that you may want.
There are several different ways to connect a laptop to an external display, and the technologies have moved in and out of favor over time. You want to make sure that whatever monitor you buy will connect to your laptop. I"ll walk you through the different types of ports here, including DisplayPort, Mini DisplayPort, HDMI, DVI, VGA and USB-C.
If your laptop has an HDMI port that looks like this, you"ll only need a regular HDMI cable. Note: new monitors often don"t come with HDMI cables. So buy one.
If you have an older laptop you may see a blue or black VGA port, which connects to the left side of the adapter in the picture below. That won"t support a full 1080p resolution on its own, so you"ll need an adapter like this VGA to HDMI cable for your monitor:
Some laptops — particularly gaming rigs — have a DisplayPort input, which is marked with a little rectangle with two lines on each side of it, and connects to an input that looks like the picture below. You can order a DisplayPort to HDMI adapterhere.
Some laptops, such as Microsoft Surface computers, also have mini DisplayPort plugs, which connect to the left side of the adapter below. This is the adapter you"ll want for that.
Finally, newer laptops have USB-C Thunderbolt 3 out, which connects to the tiny connector you see in the photo below. These offer a lot of power, so I recommend getting a small hub that converts it into an HDMI port, a traditional USB port and another USB-C port for charging or other accessories. Something like this hub will do the trick.
While youcan technically use a TV for a display, I don"t recommend it. I"ve used a variety over the years and find that they"re either far too big or end up hurting my eyes. They"re not designed for sitting a foot in front of, while computer monitors are. So they often have more glare and don"t have the refresh rate you want for running computer programs. They can also look pixelated, since most TVs you"ll find in the smaller 19-to-24-inch range have lower 720p resolutions.
Now that you have your screen plugged in, it"s time to set it up. On Windows, for example, it"ll just duplicate what"s on your laptop screen by default. But you can use it as a second display by doing this:
Go to the top of the menu and make sure the monitor properly reflects its location to your laptop by arranging the boxes. This lets you move your cursor between monitors so it"s like you have one giant desktop extending across all of them.
As the coronavirus spreads, you may have been asked to work from home. Instead of leaning over your laptop computer and trying to do everything on its tiny screen, I"ve recommended adding a full-size monitor to your desk.
Depending on where you live, you may not be able to go out to a store to buy a monitor in person. So, I"m going to do my best to tell you what you need to look for. And I"ll keep it inexpensive, since we"re going to assume you"re using a monitor for work instead of gaming or watching 4K videos.
Your laptop probably has a screen size between 12 and 17 inches, measured diagonally. Desktop monitors range in sizes but, most of the time, you"re going to want to go between 19 and 27 inches. You want enough room to spread out your documents and apps, but you also don"t want a big screen taking over your entire desk.
If you"re considering adding two monitors, I think 22 inches is the perfect sweet spot between "too big" and "too small." They"ll go nicely side by side without taking over your entire desk. If you"re just getting a single monitor, consider moving up to 24 or 27 inches.
The most expensive monitors cost hundreds of dollars. But you don"t need to spend that much. I bought a pair of HP 22er 21.5-inch monitors over the weekend for $110 each (on sale.) They"re currently going for about $150 each on HP"s website.
In terms of specs, a 1080p resolution is fine for most people who are just doing work. If you"re going to use it as a gaming monitor, too, then you need to think about all sorts of things that will add to the price, such as a sharper resolution, better refresh rates and more.
You don"t need a curved monitor. They look cool but really don"t add much to the experience. And make sure you get other basics such as an IPS screen for better viewing angles, which most have, and a good contrast ratio, at least 1,000:1, so that you get a good balance between black and white pixels. More expensive monitors will have much better contrast ratios.
Consider other things: Some monitors have built-in speakers, but most don"t, which means the audio will still just come out of your laptop. Does it have an adjustable stand? You may want this if you want to adjust how high or low the monitor sits on your desk. Does it tilt forward and backward? Can it flip 180 degrees? These are other features I don"t need but that you may want.
There are several different ways to connect a laptop to an external display, and the technologies have moved in and out of favor over time. You want to make sure that whatever monitor you buy will connect to your laptop. I"ll walk you through the different types of ports here, including DisplayPort, Mini DisplayPort, HDMI, DVI, VGA and USB-C.
If your laptop has an HDMI port that looks like this, you"ll only need a regular HDMI cable. Note: new monitors often don"t come with HDMI cables. So buy one.
If you have an older laptop you may see a blue or black VGA port, which connects to the left side of the adapter in the picture below. That won"t support a full 1080p resolution on its own, so you"ll need an adapter like this VGA to HDMI cable for your monitor:
Some laptops — particularly gaming rigs — have a DisplayPort input, which is marked with a little rectangle with two lines on each side of it, and connects to an input that looks like the picture below. You can order a DisplayPort to HDMI adapterhere.
Some laptops, such as Microsoft Surface computers, also have mini DisplayPort plugs, which connect to the left side of the adapter below. This is the adapter you"ll want for that.
Finally, newer laptops have USB-C Thunderbolt 3 out, which connects to the tiny connector you see in the photo below. These offer a lot of power, so I recommend getting a small hub that converts it into an HDMI port, a traditional USB port and another USB-C port for charging or other accessories. Something like this hub will do the trick.
While youcan technically use a TV for a display, I don"t recommend it. I"ve used a variety over the years and find that they"re either far too big or end up hurting my eyes. They"re not designed for sitting a foot in front of, while computer monitors are. So they often have more glare and don"t have the refresh rate you want for running computer programs. They can also look pixelated, since most TVs you"ll find in the smaller 19-to-24-inch range have lower 720p resolutions.
Now that you have your screen plugged in, it"s time to set it up. On Windows, for example, it"ll just duplicate what"s on your laptop screen by default. But you can use it as a second display by doing this:
Go to the top of the menu and make sure the monitor properly reflects its location to your laptop by arranging the boxes. This lets you move your cursor between monitors so it"s like you have one giant desktop extending across all of them.
The connectors between HDMI and DisplayPort are similar in range and reach. Mini DisplayPort is more prevalent on Apple devices, while the mini HDMI is seen more on laptop devices. This one is a tie.
There are four (4) cable standards for HDMI, but they often are not labeled correctly. Using a cable that is not up to the job that you want it to do, can be problematical. There is no maximum cable length that is defined for HDMI in its standards. It really depends on the cable type - they can carry out a wide variety of jobs. DisplayPort cables are much simpler. There is one standard of cable and it supports all the current revisions. However it cannot cover the same widespread of capabilities like the HDMI cables. Lengthwise DisplayPort can have a regular 65 ft cable, for a fiber cable it can be hundreds of feet long. For simplicity, DisplayPort wins, however for specialized jobs you would go with the correct HDMI cable type.
HDMI can handle a single video stream and a single audio stream, so it can only drive one display at a time. Whereas a DisplayPort interface can support from two screens (2560x1600 resolutions) up to four (4) screens. (1920x1200 resolutions) Each screen receives independent video and audio streams. With additional interfaces, you can daisy-chain compatible monitors to have as many as Six (6) screens connected to one source. HDMI is fine for one screen, but if you want multiple screens - DisplayPort is the way to go.
HDMI was designed for Home Entertainment - Home Theaters, projectors, Televisions, Blu-ray players and the like. For this environment, HDMI is still the best.
DisplayPort was designed specifically for computers. It is the ultimate display interface to replace the older video standards - However it works more as a complement to HDMI than a replacement of it.
The answer as to which is better - it depends on what you want to do with it. Home entertainment - stick to HDMI, Productivity/Business uses - consider what DisplayPort can do for you.
Raspberry Pi Zero, Raspberry Pi Zero W, and Raspberry Pi Zero WH are smaller and require less power, so they’re useful for portable projects such as robots. It’s generally easier to start a project with Raspberry Pi 4, and to move to Raspberry Pi Zero when you have a working prototype that a smaller Raspberry Pi would be useful for.
To connect to a power socket, all Raspberry Pi models have a USB port (the same found on many mobile phones): either USB-C for Raspberry Pi 4, or micro USB for Raspberry Pi 3, 2, and 1.
Your Raspberry Pi has an HDMI output port that is compatible with the HDMI port of most modern TVs and computer monitors. Many computer monitors may also have DVI or VGA ports.
You need either a micro HDMI to HDMI cable, or a standard HDMI to HDMI cable plus a micro HDMI to HDMI adapter, to connect Raspberry Pi 4 to a screen.
The large Raspberry Pi models (but not Raspberry Pi Zero or Raspberry Pi Zero W) have a standard audio port like the one on a smartphone or MP3 player. If you want to, you can connect your headphones or speakers so that your Raspberry Pi can play sound. If the screen you’re connecting your Raspberry Pi to has built-in speakers, Raspberry Pi can play sound through these.
The large Raspberry Pi models (but not Raspberry Pi Zero or Raspberry Pi Zero W) have a standard Ethernet port to connect them to the internet; to connect Raspberry Pi Zero to the internet, you need a USB to Ethernet adapter.
A close look at the video input interfaces used in LCD monitors. With the emergence of a new generation of interfaces, growing numbers of LCD monitors feature multiple and different interfaces. Image quality and ease of use are likely to depend on how well the user knows and uses the unique characteristics of each interface when connecting the appropriate devices.
Note: Below is the translation from the Japanese of the "IT Media LCD Display Course II, Part 2," published on December 16, 2008. Copyright 2011 ITmedia Inc. Information about Mini DisplayPort was added to the English translation.
Driven by demand for higher-resolution monitor environments and the proliferation of high-definition devices, the types of video input interfaces ("interfaces" hereinafter) found in LCD monitors continue to proliferate. More than likely, significant numbers of users encountering LCD monitors incorporating multiple input systems have wondered what to connect to which terminal. In this article, we"ll discuss, one by one, the main interfaces used today. But first, let"s give an overview of the types of interfaces available.
The interfaces for LCD monitors designed for use with PCs can be grouped into two categories: analog interfaces, carryovers from the days of CRT monitors, and the digital interfaces developed more recently. An analog interface involves the additional steps of conversion of digital signals within the PC to analog signals for output and the conversion of these analog signals back into digital form by the LCD monitor receiving the signal. This series of actions can degrade image quality. (Image quality also depends on the quality of the route used in converting from analog to digital.) A digital interface offers superior image quality, since it transmits digital signals without conversion or modification.
LCD-monitor interfaces also can be grouped by differences in the devices connected. Major categories here are inputs from PCs and inputs from audio-video (AV) devices. PC input generally involves one of the following five interface types: D-Sub for analog connections; DVI-D for digital connections; DVI-I, which is compatible with both analog and digital connections; and HDMI and DisplayPort, representing the new generation of interfaces for digital connections. Other more recent adapters input and output PC RGB signals and LCD monitors using USB as a video input interface.
The main AV input interfaces are composite video, S-Video, component video, D1 – 5, and HDMI. All of these other than the new HDMI standard use analog connections. As with PC input, a digital HDMI connection generally provides better image quality for AV input than the various analog connection interfaces.
It"s worth noting that while HDMI was designed for use with AV input and output, the standard also supports PC input and output. LCD monitors incorporating HDMI ports include some that support PC input officially and others that—whether or not they can display PC input—do not support PC input officially.
Known officially as D-Sub miniature, D-Sub is not exclusive to display use. It"s also used for serial-port, parallel-port, SCSI, and other connectors, with the number of connector pins depending on the purpose of use. However, these connector standards are rarely if ever found in PCs now for general-purpose personal use, most such applications having migrated to USB.
When used as a monitor interface, a D-Sub port is also known as a VGA port, an analog connection standard that"s been around for some time. The connector is a DE-15 connector with 15 pins in three rows, often referred to as a "mini-D-Sub 15-pin" or "D-Sub 15-pin" connector. (Some connectors omit unused pins.) D-Sub is currently the most widely used monitor interface, compatible with very large numbers of PCs and LCD monitors.
A D-Sub female connector (photo at left) installed on the monitor side and a D-Sub male connector (center photo) on the cable side. A D-Sub cable features a screw on each end of the connector that can be turned by hand to prevent unintended disconnection (photo at right).
Keep in mind that there are two types of mainstream DVI-D digital connections: single link and dual link. For a single-link DVI-D connection, the maximum resolution that can be displayed is 1920 × 1200 pixels (WUXGA). Higher resolutions (such as 2560 × 1600 pixels) require a dual-link DVI-D connection providing double the bandwidth of a single-link DVI-D (7.4 Gb/second or higher). To use a dual-link DVI-D connection, the DVI-D input on the LCD monitor side, the DVI-D output on the PC side, and the DVI-D cable must all be compatible with the dual-link DVI-D standard.
DVI-I, the other DVI standard, can be used with both digital and analog connections, depending on the monitor cable used. Since a DVI-I analog signal is compatible with the D-Sub standard, an analog connection can be formed by using a monitor cable with a D-Sub connector on one end and a DVI-I connector on the other. Depending on the cable and the connectors on the PC side and on the LCD-monitor side, it may also be possible to use an adapter for connecting a DVI-I connector with a D-Sub connector.
A DVI-D female connector installed on the monitor side (photo at left) and a DVI-D single-link (18-pin) male connector installed on the cable (center photo). As with D-Sub cables, a DVI-D cable can be secured into place by turning the screws on either end of the connector (photo at right).
Monitor cables with DVI-I connectors on both ends were available at one time. These are rare today, since this configuration made it difficult to determine whether the connection was digital or analog and generated frequent connection issues. Having DVI-I connectors on both the PC side and the LCD monitor side can lead to confusion. In such cases, the ideal configuration is a digital connection made with a DVI-D cable.
As the latest digital interfaces, the High-Definition Multimedia Interface (HDMI), DisplayPort, and Mini DisplayPort have attracted considerable attention. All standards offer the capacity to transfer both audio and video signals digitally using a single cable; all offer easy cable attachment and removal.
The shapes of HDMI, DisplayPort, and Mini DisplayPort connectors resemble that of a USB series-A connector (on the side of the USB host, such as a PC). The connectors lack screws, allowing the cables to be readily inserted and removed. (The disadvantage: This makes it easier to dislodge a cable connection if a hand or foot catches on the cable.)
At left is an HDMI (type A) female connector; in the middle is a DisplayPort female connector; at right is a Mini DisplayPort female connector. The HDMI connector has 19 pins. The DisplayPort and Mini DisplayPort connectors have 20 pins and an asymmetrical (left to right) connector. (The HDMI standard also defines a 29-pin type-B connector compatible with resolutions exceeding 1080p.)
The HDMI, DisplayPort, and Mini DisplayPort standards also are compatible with the High-Bandwidth Digital Content Protection System (HDCP). A technology intended to protect copyright on digital content, HDCP allows authorization of both output and input devices before video is displayed.
Another feature is that HDMI, DisplayPort, and Mini DisplayPort video signals can be converted back and forth with the DVI-D standard, a PC digital interface. Using the appropriate conversion adapter or cable, we can output video from a DVI-D, HDMI, DisplayPort, and Mini DisplayPort connector and input to any of these options. Currently, however, this implementation appears to be imperfect: In certain cases, input and output devices are not completely compatible (i.e., video does not display).
While HDMI, DisplayPort, and Mini DisplayPort each can transmit both audio and video using a single cable, DVI-D can transmit only video and requires separate input/output ports and cables for audio. For this reason, when converting between the DVI-D and HDMI, DisplayPort or Mini DisplayPort standards, only video can be transmitted over a single cable. (Some products can transmit audio from the DVI side via a conversion adapter.)
Now a standard interface for devices (primarily televisions and recorders), HDMI was established in December 2002 by Sony, Toshiba, Thomson Multimedia, Panasonic (formerly Matsushita), Hitachi, and Philips, led by Silicon Image. HDMI video signals are based on the DVI-D standard, a digital RGB interface used in PCs, to which audio transmission and digital rights management (DRM) functions were added. HDMI was intended mainly for use as a digital video and audio interface for home electronics and AV equipment.
An HDMI (type-A) female connector (photo at left) and male connector (center photo). The compact HDMI cable is easily connected and disconnected, just like a USB cable (photo at right). HDMI cables come in two types: Standard (category 1), denoting those that have passed 74.25 MHz in transmission-speed tests, and High Speed (category 2), denoting those certified for 340 MHz. A High Speed cable is recommended when using high-definition signals such as 1440p.
In discussions about HDMI, the subject of functional differences between versions of the HDMI standard is unavoidable. The table below summarizes the major differences. There are significant differences in functions implemented between HDMI versions through version 1.2a and HDMI versions 1.3 and above.
Since HDMI versions are backward compatible, we can still input and output video and audio if the output side is compatible with version 1.3 or above and the input side with version 1.2a or below. However, if the output device uses functions implemented in version 1.3 or higher, these functions will be canceled on input devices that comply with version 1.2a or earlier.
Incidentally, while HDMI 1.3 incorporates standards such as the wide color-gamut standard xvYCC and Deep Color, which can handle color data at greater than 24 bits, these specifications are elective. A version number such as 1.3 is merely the number of the applicable technical specifications; manufacturers can choose what functions to include, depending on the specific product. For this reason, even a product advertised as HDMI 1.3a compliant may not feature all of the functions supported by HDMI 1.3a.
1 Consumer Electronics Control (CEC): A signal used for control functions between devices connected by HDMI; used in technologies such as Sharp"s Aquos Familink , Toshiba"s Regzalink, and Panasonic"s Viera Link.
Formally approved in May 2006, the DisplayPort standard is a new standard released in May 2005 by the Video Electronics Standards Association (VESA) of the United States, an industry organization that establishes standards for PC-related interfaces. As a video interface promoted by VESA, a constituency composed mainly of PC and monitor makers, it is designed to succeed the DVI and D-Sub standards as a PC interface. However, there"s no reason it can"t also be used in AV equipment.
DisplayPort female (photo at left) and male (center photo) connectors. Although a DisplayPort cable resembles an HDMI cable, it has two hooks at the top of the connector to make it harder to disconnect accidentally (photo at right).
With a maximum transmission speed of 10.8 Gbps, compatibility with resolutions of up to 2560 × 2048 pixels or higher, color depth of 48 bits (16 bits per RGB color), and a maximum refresh rate of 120 Hz (120 fps), its basic video interface specs are close to those of HDMI. However, unlike HDMI, which transmits data for RGB video signals and clock signals separately, it sends all video and audio to the destination device through a serial connection, split into micro-packets called transfer units.
Since DisplayPort is a serial interface like PCI Express that generates a clock from the data instead of using external clock signals, data transmission speeds and functionality are easily improved. In addition, since DisplayPort employs a configuration wherein the LCD monitor is operated directly, it makes it possible to reduce the numbers of components. Another benefit is its ability to transmit signals over distances of up to 15 meters.
In the DisplayPort standard, the output side is defined as the source device and the input side as the sync device. Under this configuration, the source and sync devices communicate with each other, making it possible to automatically adjust transmission to the optimal resolution, color depth, and refresh rate. Audio and video data can be transmitted through a combination of single, double, or quadruple channels called lanes, and two data rates (1.62 Gbps and 2.7 Gbps). The minimum configuration is a single lane at 1.62 Gbps; the maximum is four lanes at 2.7 Gbps each for a total of 10.8 Gbps.
The audio formats supported and other attributes are important elements of sync devices. For audio, compatibility with 16-bit linear PCM (32/44.1/48 kHz) is required. Other formats are optional. Still, the standard is compatible with formats up to high-definition audio such as Dolby TrueHD and DTS HD. For color information, compatibility with RGB, YCbCr (4:2:2), and YCbCr (4:4:4) is a requirement.
One major difference apparent when we compare HDMI and DisplayPort is the presence or absence of licensing fees. Implementing HDMI in a product requires manufacturers to pay a licensing fee of $10,000/year, while HDCP implementation requires a separate licensing fee of $15,000/year. These licensing fees entail significant costs for manufacturers. When product pricing reflects these costs, they can impact ordinary users to a greater or lesser degree. A more familiar example is the HDMI cable, which is also subject to a licensing fee, making it more expensive than other AV cables. (Note that the licensing fee is not the sole cause of higher prices; quality requirements and other factors also drive up prices.)
DisplayPort requires no licensing fees other than that for HDCP, making it more attractive and easier for manufacturers to adopt. Progress in mass production will likely lead to price advantages for ordinary users as well. Still, HDMI is clearly the current mainstream digital interface for products like AV equipment and videogame consoles. DisplayPort, even if standardized under the leadership of PC makers, is unlikely to take its place. With growing support for DisplayPort among vendors of graphics chips for use in PC environments and growing numbers of compatible products, including the MacBook, use of DisplayPort is projected to expand.
While component video ports offer higher quality and greater benefits than most other types of analog video input, they also entail inconveniences, including more troublesome connections (since they use three connectors) and greater space requirements on devices equipped with such ports. Additionally, they are incapable of transmitting control signals. In Japan, the D-Terminal standard, formulated by the Japan Electronics and Information Technology Industries Association (JEITA, known at the time as the Electronic Industry Association of Japan, or EIAJ), which features its own improvements on these points, has entered widespread use.
A D-Terminal connector combines the three types of component video signals into a single cable and is easier to connect. It also embeds a control signal to identify scanning lines, scanning method, and aspect ratio. (In passing, it"s called a D-Terminal only because its connector is shaped like the letter "D"; the "D" does not mean "digital." Signals flowing through the D-Terminal and the connecting cable are analog.) The table below gives the types of D-Terminals (D1 – 5) and corresponding video formats. While many products feature D5 terminals, which are compatible with 1080p video, this is not specified in the official JEITA standard.
Let"s consider S-Video and composite video ports. Video consists of a brightness signal and a color signal, combined to create a composite video signal. A composite video port transmits the composite video signal as is; an S-Video port transmits the composite signal separated into a brightness signal and a color signal. Since less processing is needed to combine and separate the brightness and color signals, an S-Video port provides higher picture quality than a composite video port.
Additionally, there are two types of S-Video ports: S1, which can identify video with aspect ratios of 4:3 and 16:9; and S2, which can identify "letterbox" video with black bands above and below, to display 16:9 aspect-ratio video on 4:3 aspect-ratio monitors. A display device receiving video with a 16:9 aspect ratio or letterbox video performs the appropriate scaling to display the correct aspect ratio.
S-Video and composite ports are capable of handling video up to standard-definition NTSC (480i). They are likely to be phased out gradually in the future, except for applications requiring the connection of older video equipment such as VHS video decks or DV cameras.
Let"s conclude by returning to the subject of PC environments. Some recent products use USB ports for PC display output. While USB was not originally intended as a display interface, demand has emerged for an easier way (easier than using a D-Sub cable) to set up multi-monitor environments, particularly for laptops and low-priced netbooks.
Most such products are adapters, which connect to the PC using USB and feature DVI-D or DVI-I connectors on the output side. These are then connected to LCD monitors. After the user installs a device driver, the PC recognizes the adapter as a monitor adapter. Users can create a multi-monitor environment in Windows by activating the secondary monitor connected to the adapter in Display Properties. In terms of display performance, these adapters are not well suited to uses that require high-speed response; they are associated with slight delays in reflecting mouse or keyboard operations.
A small number of LCD monitors on the market use USB as a video input interface, making it possible to output and display a PC screen through a USB connection between the PC and the LCD display. These, too, are ideal for laptops and netbooks, since they allow users to use laptops connected to large-screen LCD monitors at their office desks or at home, then use the laptops for mobile use when out and about simply by unplugging a single USB cable.
No it does not, I bought it to take an HDMI output from a laptop and provide a display port plug for a monitor that didn"t have an HDMI port. Sadly it does not work for this. I verified that when plugged into a display port source it does properly convert the signal to HDMI so I could take the 1 laptop that had a DP port and plug it into my TV, but not the laptop that had an HDMI and plug it into my DP monitor. I haven"t yet found a cable that does what I need but will update when I find one.
The display in modern monitors is typically an LCD with LED backlight, having by the 2010s replaced CCFL backlit LCDs. Before the mid-2000s,CRT. Monitors are connected to the computer via DisplayPort, HDMI, USB-C, DVI, VGA, or other proprietary connectors and signals.
Originally, computer monitors were used for data processing while television sets were used for video. From the 1980s onward, computers (and their monitors) have been used for both data processing and video, while televisions have implemented some computer functionality. In the 2000s, the typical display aspect ratio of both televisions and computer monitors has changed from 4:3 to 16:9.
Modern computer monitors are mostly interchangeable with television sets and vice versa. As most computer monitors do not include integrated speakers, TV tuners, nor remote controls, external components such as a DTA box may be needed to use a computer monitor as a TV set.
Early electronic computer front panels were fitted with an array of light bulbs where the state of each particular bulb would indicate the on/off state of a particular register bit inside the computer. This allowed the engineers operating the computer to monitor the internal state of the machine, so this panel of lights came to be known as the "monitor". As early monitors were only capable of displaying a very limited amount of information and were very transient, they were rarely considered for program output. Instead, a line printer was the primary output device, while the monitor was limited to keeping track of the program"s operation.
Multiple technologies have been used for computer monitors. Until the 21st century most used cathode-ray tubes but they have largely been superseded by LCD monitors.
The first computer monitors used cathode-ray tubes (CRTs). Prior to the advent of home computers in the late 1970s, it was common for a video display terminal (VDT) using a CRT to be physically integrated with a keyboard and other components of the workstation in a single large chassis, typically limiting them to emulation of a paper teletypewriter, thus the early epithet of "glass TTY". The display was monochromatic and far less sharp and detailed than on a modern monitor, necessitating the use of relatively large text and severely limiting the amount of information that could be displayed at one time. High-resolution CRT displays were developed for specialized military, industrial and scientific applications but they were far too costly for general use; wider commercial use became possible after the release of a slow, but affordable Tektronix 4010 terminal in 1972.
Some of the earliest home computers (such as the TRS-80 and Commodore PET) were limited to monochrome CRT displays, but color display capability was already a possible feature for a few MOS 6500 series-based machines (such as introduced in 1977 Apple II computer or Atari 2600 console), and the color output was a speciality of the more graphically sophisticated Atari 800 computer, introduced in 1979. Either computer could be connected to the antenna terminals of an ordinary color TV set or used with a purpose-made CRT color monitor for optimum resolution and color quality. Lagging several years behind, in 1981 IBM introduced the Color Graphics Adapter, which could display four colors with a resolution of 320 × 200 pixels, or it could produce 640 × 200 pixels with two colors. In 1984 IBM introduced the Enhanced Graphics Adapter which was capable of producing 16 colors and had a resolution of 640 × 350.
By the end of the 1980s color progressive scan CRT monitors were widely available and increasingly affordable, while the sharpest prosumer monitors could clearly display high-definition video, against the backdrop of efforts at HDTV standardization from the 1970s to the 1980s failing continuously, leaving consumer SDTVs to stagnate increasingly far behind the capabilities of computer CRT monitors well into the 2000s. During the following decade, maximum display resolutions gradually increased and prices continued to fall as CRT technology remained dominant in the PC monitor market into the new millennium, partly because it remained cheaper to produce.
There are multiple technologies that have been used to implement liquid-crystal displays (LCD). Throughout the 1990s, the primary use of LCD technology as computer monitors was in laptops where the lower power consumption, lighter weight, and smaller physical size of LCDs justified the higher price versus a CRT. Commonly, the same laptop would be offered with an assortment of display options at increasing price points: (active or passive) monochrome, passive color, or active matrix color (TFT). As volume and manufacturing capability have improved, the monochrome and passive color technologies were dropped from most product lines.
The first standalone LCDs appeared in the mid-1990s selling for high prices. As prices declined they became more popular, and by 1997 were competing with CRT monitors. Among the first desktop LCD computer monitors was the Eizo FlexScan L66 in the mid-1990s, the SGI 1600SW, Apple Studio Display and the ViewSonic VP140vision science remain dependent on CRTs, the best LCD monitors having achieved moderate temporal accuracy, and so can be used only if their poor spatial accuracy is unimportant.
High dynamic range (HDR)television series, motion pictures and video games transitioning to widescreen, which makes squarer monitors unsuited to display them correctly.
Organic light-emitting diode (OLED) monitors provide most of the benefits of both LCD and CRT monitors with few of their drawbacks, though much like plasma panels or very early CRTs they suffer from burn-in, and remain very expensive.
Viewable image size - is usually measured diagonally, but the actual widths and heights are more informative since they are not affected by the aspect ratio in the same way. For CRTs, the viewable size is typically 1 in (25 mm) smaller than the tube itself.
Radius of curvature (for curved monitors) - is the radius that a circle would have if it had the same curvature as the display. This value is typically given in millimeters, but expressed with the letter "R" instead of a unit (for example, a display with "3800R curvature" has a 3800mm radius of curvature.
Display resolution is the number of distinct pixels in each dimension that can be displayed natively. For a given display size, maximum resolution is limited by dot pitch or DPI.
Dot pitch represents the distance between the primary elements of the display, typically averaged across it in nonuniform displays. A related unit is pixel pitch, In LCDs, pixel pitch is the distance between the center of two adjacent pixels. In CRTs, pixel pitch is defined as the distance between subpixels of the same color. Dot pitch is the reciprocal of pixel density.
Pixel density is a measure of how densely packed the pixels on a display are. In LCDs, pixel density is the number of pixels in one linear unit along the display, typically measured in pixels per inch (px/in or ppi).
Contrast ratio is the ratio of the luminosity of the brightest color (white) to that of the darkest color (black) that the monitor is capable of producing simultaneously. For example, a ratio of 20,000∶1 means that the brightest shade (white) is 20,000 times brighter than its darkest shade (black). Dynamic contrast ratio is measured with the LCD backlight turned off. ANSI contrast is with both black and white simultaneously adjacent onscreen.
Color depth - measured in bits per primary color or bits for all colors. Those with 10bpc (bits per channel) or more can display more shades of color (approximately 1 billion shades) than traditional 8bpc monitors (approximately 16.8 million shades or colors), and can do so more precisely without having to resort to dithering.
Viewing angle is the maximum angle at which images on the monitor can be viewed, without subjectively excessive degradation to the image. It is measured in degree