monochrome tft display free sample

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As a TFT LCD manufacturer, we import mother glass from brands including BOE, INNOLUX, and HANSTAR, Century etc., then cut into small size in house, to assemble with in house produced LCD backlight by semi-automatic and fully-automatic equipment. Those processes contain COF(chip-on-glass), FOG(Flex on Glass) assembling, Backlight design and production, FPC design and production. So our experienced engineers have ability to custom the characters of the TFT LCD screen according to customer demands, LCD panel shape also can custom if you can pay glass mask fee, we can custom high brightness TFT LCD, Flex cable, Interface, with touch and control board are all available.

This is a small graphics library for an interesting low-power monochrome 250x122 display based on the ST7302 display driver and available from suppliers such as AliExpress:

The display doesn"t need a backlight so it"s very low power, typically about 30µA at 3.3V, which is ideal for battery-powered projects. For comparison a colour TFT display typically takes 20mA.

In my search for interesting displays I discovered this monochrome 250x122 TFT display, based on the ST7302 display driver, and available on AliExpress from Maithoga ATtiny85 Analogue Clock.

I"ve made a variant of my Tiny TFT graphics routines to work with this display. Like my Tiny TFT Graphics Library 2 it supports both the classic ATtiny processors, such as the ATtiny85, and the new 0-series, 1-series, and 2-series ATtiny processors, such as the ATtiny402.

The display uses an SPI interface and requires four pins to drive the display. This leaves one pin free on an 8-pin chip such as the ATtiny85 or ATtiny402. If you need more pins choose a larger chip, such as the ATtiny84 or ATtiny404.

Getting the correct set of initialization parameters for the display was quite a struggle, and there are some commands that take 10 parameters! Luckily I didn"t have to start from scratch; I was very grateful that zhcong on GitHub has already written an Arduino display driver for the display

The display driver treats the display as if it"s in portrait orientation, so the columns correspond to the y direction, and the rows to the x direction. I"ll keep with this terminology for consistency with the datasheet.

The display is divided into 11 columns, each of which is 12 pixels high, and 125 rows, each of which is 2 pixels wide. For some reason the columns are numbered starting at 25, so the 250x122 monochrome display uses columns 25 to 35 and rows 0 to 124. note that because 122 isn"t an exact multiple of 12, only part of the last column actually appears on the display.

Unlike on the colour TFT displays each pixel isn"t individually addressable; in fact, the minimum update is to write three bytes to the display, which defines the state of a block of 2x12 pixels corresponding to one column and one row. Fortunately the display supports reading back the display memory, so it"s not necessary to maintain a copy of the display in RAM to do things like line drawing; instead, to set a single pixel we can read the 2x12 block, change one pixel, and write it back.

To make writing the other plotting routines easier I first wrote a routine ReadBlock() to read a block from the display memory, and PlotBlock() to write a block back to display memory. These both take the column, from 0 to 10, and the row, from 0 to 124:

Because points are plotted by reading the previous contents of the display, it"s also easy to add an exclusive-OR plotting mode that inverts the pixel rather than setting it to black. To select this mode set the global variable exor to true.

The demo program draws the display used for the photograph at the start of the article. It demonstrates most of the graphics routines including normal-sized text, and double-sized text with smoothing. The stopwatch uses the Minsky circle algorithm to move the hand in 60 increments around the circle using just integer arithmetic. It takes advantage of exclusive-OR plotting to draw and undraw the hand when it moves without corrupting the clock face. The bottom right corner shows the time taken to draw the display.

The display pins SCL, SDA, CS, and DC need to be connected to the microcontroller via four I/O lines. You can use any pins for these, but they should all be in the same port. You need to specify the port pin numbers of the pins you are using at the start of the Monochrome Display Library listing. The reset line has to be kept high for the display to work.

The display is 3.3V only, so if you want to connect it to a 5V microcontroller you"ll need a 3.3V regulator, unidirectional logic-level conversion on the SCL, CS, and DC lines, and bidirectional logic-level conversion on the SDA line.

The 33kΩ pullup resistor from the display"s CS pin is optional; it holds the chip select high to prevent the display from flickering while programming the ATtiny85.

Orient Display is a company that specializes in manufacturing monochrome TFT screen, monochrome TFT display module with competitive prices. The company was founded in 1996 by specializing in fields of production, R&D, quality controls. Thanks for the management and employee’s continuous hardworking and enormous effort and shareholder continuous investment over years, Orient Display factory is now the world’s lead standard and monochrome TFT display module manufacturer in flat panel industry and is listed as a public company in China stock market. Now, Factories have complete quality and environment management system, ISO9001, ISO/IATF16949, ISO14001, IECQ QC080000. It is also No.1 in the world for automotive capacitive touch screen which took around 18% market share in the world automotive market.

Some customers are used to monochrome STN, Blue STN, FSTN or FFSTN graphic LCD displays. But with fewer and fewer manufacturers produce this legacy 4.8” or 5.7” QVGA displays. The EOL pressure is high. Orient Display uses the conventional color TFT displays to convert them into monochrome TFT displays. The interfaces are fully compatible which is easy for the customers to have drop replacement option.

The contrast for these monochrome TFT LCD displays are much better than monochrome STN, Blue STN, FSTN or FFSTN graphic LCD displays. The monochrome TFT LCD displays (active matrix) have the contrast ratio of at least 300:1 or even higher than 1,000:1 but it is difficult for monochrome STN, Blue STN, FSTN or FFSTN graphic LCD displays (passive matrix) to achieve 50:1.

The viewing angle for these monochrome TFT LCD displays are much better than monochrome STN, Blue STN, FSTN or FFSTN graphic LCD displays. The monochrome TFT LCD displays (active matrix) have the viewing angle of 80/80/80/80 while it is difficult for monochrome STN, Blue STN, FSTN or FFSTN graphic LCD displays (passive matrix) to achieve 45/45/25/45.

The price and production quality of these monochrome TFT lcd displays are much better than monochrome STN, Blue STN, FSTN or FFSTN graphic LCD displays.

Let us start with the basics first; refresh the knowledge about TN and LCD displays in general, later we will talk about TFTs (Thin Film Transistors), how they differ from regular monochrome LCD displays. Then we will go on to the ghosting effect, so we will not only discuss the technology behind the construction of the TFT, but also some phenomena, like the ghosting effect, or grayscale inversion, that are important to understand when using an LCD TFT display.

Next, we will look at different technologies of the TFT LCD displays like TN, IPS, VA, and of course about transmissive and transflective LCD displays, because TFT displays also can be transmissive and transflective. In the last part we will talk about backlight.

Let us start with a short review of the most basic liquid crystal cell, which is the TN (twisted nematic) display. On the picture above, we can see that the light can be transmit through the cell or blocked by the liquid crystal cell using voltage. If you want to learn more about monochrome LCD displays and the basics of LCD displays, follow this link.

What is a TFT LCD display and how it is different from a monochrome LCD display? TFT is called an active display. Active, means we have one or more transistors in every cell, in every pixel and in every subpixel. TFT stands for Thin Film Transistor, transistors that are very small and very thin and are built into the pixel, so they are not somewhere outside in a controller, but they are in the pixel itself. For example, in a 55-inch TV set, the TFT display contains millions of transistors in the pixels. We do not see them, because they are very small and hidden, if we zoom in, however, we can see them in every corner of each pixel, like on the picture below.

On the picture above we can see subpixels, that are basic RGB (Red, Green, Blue) colors and a black part, with the transistors and electronic circuits. We just need to know that we have pixels, and subpixels, and each subpixel has transistors. This makes the display active, and thus is called  the TFT display. TFT displays are usually color displays, but there are also monochrome TFT displays, that are active, and have transistors, but have no colors. The colors in the TFT LCD display are typically added by color filters on each subpixel. Usually the filters are RGB, but we also have RGBW (Red, Green, Blue, White) LCD displays with added subpixels without the filter (White) to make the display brighter.

Going a little bit deeper, into the TFT cell, there is a part inside well known to us from the monochrome LCD display Riverdi University lecture. We have a cell, liquid crystal, polarizers, an ITO (Indium Tin Oxide) layer for the electrodes, and additionally an electronic circuit. Usually, the electronic circuit consists of one transistor and some capacitors to sustain the pixel state when we switch the pixel OFF and ON. In a TFT LCD display the pixels are much more complicated because apart from building the liquid crystal part, we also need to build an electronic part.

That is why TFT LCD display technologies are very expensive to manufacture. If you are familiar with electronics, you know that the transistor is a kind of switch, and it allows us to switch the pixel ON and OFF. Because it is built into the pixel itself, it can be done very quickly and be very well controlled. We can control the exact state of every pixel not only the ON and OFF states, but also all the states in between. We can switch the light of the cells ON and OFF in several steps. Usually for TFT LCD displays it will be 8-bit steps per color, so we have 256 steps of brightness for every color, and every subpixel. Because we have three subpixels, we have a 24-bit color range, that means over 16 million combinations, we can, at least theoretically, show on our TFT LCD display over 16 million distinct colors using RGB pixels.

Now that we know how the TFT LCD display works, we can now learn some practical things one of which is LCD TFT ghosting. We know how the image is created, but what happens when we have the image on the screen for a prolonged time, and how to prevent it. In LCD displays we have something called LCD ghosting. We do not see it very often, but in some displays this phenomenon still exists.

If some elements of the picture i.e., your company logo is in the same place of the screen for a long period of time, for couple of weeks, months or a year, the crystals will memorize the state and later, when we change the image, we may see some ghosting of those elements. It really depends on many conditions like temperature and even the screen image that we display on the screen for longer periods of time. When you build your application, you can use some techniques to avoid it, like very rapid contrast change and of course to avoid the positioning the same image in the same position for a longer time.

You may have seen this phenomenon already as it is common in every display technology, and even companies like Apple put information on their websites, that users may encounter this phenomenon and how to fix it. It is called image ghosting or image persistence, and even Retina displays are not free of it.

Another issue present in TFT displays, especially TN LCD displays, is grayscale inversion. This is a phenomenon that changes the colors of the screen according to the viewing angle, and it is only one-sided. When buying a TFT LCD display, first we need to check what kind of technology it is. If it is an IPS display, like the Riverdi IPS display line, then we do not need to worry about the grayscale inversion because all the viewing angles will be the same and all of them will be very high, like 80, 85, or 89 degrees. But if you buy a more common or older display technology type, like the TN (twisted nematic) display, you need to think where it will be used, because one viewing angle will be out. It may be sometimes confusing, and you need to be careful as most factories define viewing direction of the screen and mistake this with the greyscale inversion side.

On the picture above, you can see further explanation of the grayscale inversion from Wikipedia. It says that some early panels and also nowadays TN displays, have grayscale inversion not necessary up-down, but it can be any angle, you need to check in the datasheet. The reason technologies like IPS (In-Plane Switching), used in the latest Riverdi displays, or VA, were developed, was to avoid this phenomenon. Also, we do not want to brag, but the Wikipedia definition references our website.

We know already that TN (twisted nematic) displays, suffer from grayscale inversion, which means the display has one viewing side, where the image color suddenly changes. It is tricky, and you need to be careful. On the picture above there is a part of the LCD TFT specification of a TN (twisted nematic) display, that has grayscale inversion, and if we go to this table, we can see the viewing angles. They are defined at 70, 70, 60 and 70 degrees, that is the maximum viewing angle, at which the user can see the image. Normally we may think that 70 degrees is better, so we will choose left and right side to be 70 degrees, and then up and down, and if we do not know the grayscale inversion phenomena, we may put our user on the bottom side which is also 70 degrees. The viewing direction will be then like a 6 o’clock direction, so we call it a 6 o’clock display. But you need to be careful! Looking at the specification, we can see that this display was defined as a 12 o’clock display, so it is best for it to be seen from a 12 o’clock direction. But we can find that the 12 o’clock has a lower viewing angle – 60 degrees. What does it mean? It means that on this side there will be no grayscale inversion. If we go to 40, 50, 60 degrees and even a little bit more, probably we will still see the image properly. Maybe with lower contrast, but the colors will not change. If we go from the bottom, from a 6 o’clock direction where we have the grayscale inversion, after 70 degrees or lower we will see a sudden color change, and of course this is something we want to avoid.

To summarize, when you buy older technology like TN and displays, which are still very popular, and Riverdi is selling them as well, you need to be careful where you put your display. If it is a handheld device, you will see the display from the bottom, but if you put it on a wall, you will see the display from the top, so you need to define it during the design phase, because later it is usually impossible or expensive to change the direction.

We will talk now about the other TFT technologies, that allow us to have wider viewing angles and more vivid colors. The most basic technology for monochrome and TFT LCD displays is twisted nematic (TN). As we already know, this kind of displays have a problem with grayscale inversion. On one side we have a higher retardation and will not get a clear image. That is why we have other technologies like VA (Vertical Alignment), where the liquid crystal is differently organized, and another variation of the TFT technology – IPS which is In-Plane Switching. The VA and IPS LCD displays do not have a problem with the viewing angles, you can see a clear image from all sides.

Apart from the different organization of the liquid crystals, we also organize subpixels a little bit differently in a VA and IPS LCD displays. When we look closer at the TN display, we will just see the subpixels with color filters. If we look at the VA or IPS display they will have subpixels of subpixels. The subpixels are divided into smaller parts. In this way we can achieve even wider viewing angles and better colors for the user, but of course, it is more complicated and more expensive to do.

The picture above presents the TN display and grayscale inversion. For IPS or VA technology there is no such effect. The picture will be the same from all the sides we look so these technologies are popular where we need wide viewing angles, and TN is popular where we don’t need that, like in monitors. Other advantages of IPS LCD displays are they give accurate colors, and wide viewing angles. What is also important in practice, in our projects, is that the IPS LCD displays are less susceptible to mechanical force. When we apply mechanical force to the screen, and have an optically bonded touch screen, we push the display as well as squeeze the cells. When we have a TN display, every push on the cell changes the image suddenly, with the IPS LCD displays with in-plane switching, different liquid crystals organization, this effect is lesser. It is not completely removed but it is much less distinct. That is another reason IPS displays are very popular for smartphones, tablets, when we have the touchscreens usually optically bonded.

If we wanted to talk about disadvantages, there is a question mark over it, as some of them may be true, some of them do not rely on real cases, what kind of display, what kind of technology is it. Sometimes the IPS displays can have higher power consumption than others, in many cases however, not. They can be more expensive, but not necessarily. The new IPS panels can cost like TN panels, but IPS panels definitely have a longer response time. Again, it is not a rule, you can make IPS panels that are very fast, faster than TN panels, but if you want the fastest possible display, probably the TN panel will be the fastest. That is why the TN technology is still popular on the gaming market. Of course, you can find a lot of discussions on the internet, which technology is better, but it really depends on what you want to achieve.

Now, let us look at the backlight types. As we see here, on the picture above, we have four distinct types of backlight possible. The most common, 95 or 99 per cent of the TFT LCD displays on the market are the transmissive LCD display type, where we need the backlight from the back. If you remember from our Monochrome LCD Displays lecture, for transmissive LCD displays you need the backlight to be always on. If you switch the backlight off, you will not see anything. The same as for monochrome LCD displays, but less popular for TFT displays, we have the transflective LCD display type. They are not popular because usually for transflective TFT displays, the colors lack in brightness, and the displays are not very practical to use. You can see the screen, but the application is limited. Some transflective LCD displays are used by military, in applications where power consumption is paramount; where you can switch the backlight off and you agree to have lower image quality but still see the image. Power consumption and saving energy is most important in some kind of applications and you can use transflective LCD displays there. The reflective type of LCD displays are almost never used in TFT. There is one technology called Low Power Reflective Displays (LPRD) that is used in TFT but it is not popular. Lastly, we have a variation of reflective displays with frontlight, where we add frontlight to the reflective display and have the image even without external light.

Just a few words about Low Power Reflective Displays (LPRD). This kind of display uses environmental light, ambient light to reflect, and produce some colors. The colors are not perfect, not perfectly clear, but this technology is becoming increasingly popular because it allows to have color displays in battery powered applications. For example, a smartwatch would be a case for that technology, or an electrical bike or scooter, where we can not only have a standard monochrome LCD display but also a TFT LCD color display without the backlight; we can see the image even in

strong sunlight and not need backlight at all. So, this kind of TFL LCD display technology is getting more and more popular when we have outdoor LCD displays and need a low power consumption.

On the picture above, we have some examples of how transmissive and reflective LCD displays work in the sunlight. If we have a simple image, like a black and white pattern, then on a transmissive LCD display, even with 1000 candela brightness, the image probably will be lower quality than for a reflective LCD display; if we have sunlight, we have very strong light reflections on the surface of the screen. We have talked about contrast in more detail in the lecture Sunlight Readable Displays. So, reflective LCD displays are a better solution for outdoor applications than transmissive LCD displays, where you need a really strong backlight, 1000 candela or more, to be really seen outdoors.

To show you how the backlight of LCD displays is built, we took the picture above. You can see the edge backlight there, where we have LEDs here on the small PCB on the edge, and we have a diffuser that distributes the light to the whole surface of LCD screen.

In addition to the backlight, we have something that is called a frontlight. It is similar to backlight, it also uses the LEDs to put the light into it, but the frontlight needs to be transparent as we have the display behind. On the example on the picture above we can see an e-paper display. The e-paper display is also a TFT display variation, but it is not LCD (liquid crystal), it is a different technology, but the back of the display is the same and it is reflective. The example you see is the Kindle 4 eBook reader. It uses an e-paper display and a frontlight as well, so you can read eBooks even during the night.

Smart TFT LCD display embeds LCD driver, controller and MCU, sets engineer free from tedious UI & touch screen programming. Using Smart TFT LCD module, our customers greatly reduce product"s time-to-market and BOM cost.

Our TFT color displays with 2.0" / 2.8" / 3.5" are the further development of the widespread black&white graphic displays: simply connected via SPI interface and therefore suitable for all μC. Alternatively, these small TFTs can also be connected via the classic RGB interface or an 8- or 16-bit data bus.

With its 2" diagonal, the EA TFT020-23AI is indeed a tiny, but the fine resolution of 240x320 pixels conjures up brilliant images at crispy 1000cd/m². The IPS technology provides a gigantic all-round viewing angle with sunlight readability:

The displays have been developed especially for industrial applications and are available for long term. The lifetime is 50,000 hours and the operating temperature range is from -20°C to +70°C.

With the help of a USB cable, the display is connected directly to the PC or a USB power supply. As a stand-alone it is immediately executable at the power supply. Together with a PC and the Simualtortool. "startTFT.exe" you can display your own images or you change the brightness of the backlight. Rotate the screen content in 90° steps.

Interface board EA 9980-TFT for connecting a TFT display to various µC boards. With 50- and 39-pin ZIFF connector. For a fast and uncomplicated connection to your system.

Built-in character sets, graphic functions, adjustable backlight, full touch panel support; these are world-wide unique features. No more working with pixel, but using more than 112 powerful graphic functions. With integrated FLASH for more fonts, pictures and macros. Last but not least there is a cost-free simulator software for the EA eDIP240-7 and a starter kit with USB. Read more about this fine displays on our page eDIP.

This repo describes how to use different free fonts(GNU FreeFonts) included in the library. You can follow this guide to choose your favourite font to display on the Wio Terminal!

We"ve got thousands of LCD displays perfect for your design. Whether you need a TFT, LCD, OLED or ePaper display module, we carry them all. We also provide free world-class product support and a full complement of accessories; including touch screens, cables, development boards, and Arduino kits.