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Established in 2010, Topfoison has devoted itself to the manufacturing and development of high-quality products for the Wearable device, Smart Watch, VR, Medical device, Industrial LCD display including Color LCD modules/OLED/LCD display/Round lcd screen/Round AMOLED/ Square transflective lcd screen/ IPS full wide display/ 1080p fhd AMOLED and 2K 1440p lcd. Topfoison focus on1.22-7.0 inch small size displays, all the products produced in our company enjoys the most advanced production craft and technology as well as the strictly ISO quality management system.

Established in 2010, Topfoison has devoted itself to the manufacturing and development of high-quality products for the Wearable device, Smart Watch, VR, Medical device, Industrial LCD display including Color LCD modules/OLED/LCD display/Round lcd screen/Round AMOLED/ Square transflective lcd screen/ IPS full wide display/ 1080p fhd AMOLED and 2K 1440p lcd. Topfoison focus on1.22-7.0 inch small size displays, all the products produced in our company enjoys the most advanced production craft and technology as well as the strictly ISO quality management system.

FlexEnable’s glass-free organic LCD (OLCD) delivers high-brightness, long lifetime flexible displays that are low cost and scalable to large areas, while also being thin, lightweight and shatterproof.

OLCD is a plastic display technology with full colour and video-rate capability. It enables product companies to create striking designs and realise novel use cases by merging the display into the product design rather than accommodating it by the design.

Unlike flexible OLED displays, which are predominantly adopted in flagship smartphones and smartwatches, OLCD opens up the use of flexible displays to a wider range of mass-market applications. It has several attributes that make it better suited than flexible OLED to applications across large-area consumer electronics, smart home appliances, automotive, notebooks and tablets, and digital signage.

OLCD can be conformed and wrapped around surfaces and cut into non-rectangular shapes during the production process. Holes can be also added to fit around the functional design of the system – for example around knobs and switches.

As with glass-based LCD, the lifetime of OLCD is independent of the display brightness, because it is achieved through transmission of a separate light source (the backlight), rather than emission of its own light. For example OLCD can be made ultra-bright for viewing in daylight conditions without affecting the display lifetime – an important requirement for vehicle surface-integrated displays.

OLCD is the lowest cost flexible display technology – it is three to four times lower cost that flexible OLED today. This is because it makes use of existing display factories and supply chain and deploys a low temperature process that results in low manufacturing costs and high yield.

Unlike other flexible display approaches, OLCD is naturally scalable to large sizes. It can be made as small or as large as the manufacturing equipment used for flat panel displays allows.

The flexibility of OLCD allows an ultra-narrow bezel to be implemented by folding down the borders behind the display. This brings huge value in applications like notebooks and tablets where borderless means bigger displays for the same sized device. The bezel size allowed by OLCD is independent of the display size or resolution. In addition, OLCD can make a notebook up to 100g lighter and 0.5mm thinner.

OLCD is the key to the fabrication of ultra-high contrast dual cell displays with true pixel level dimming, offering OLED-like performance at a fraction of the cost. The extremely thin OLCD substrate brings advantages in cost, viewing angle and module thickness compared to glass displays. At the same time OLCD retains the flexibility required for applications such as surface-integrated automotive displays.

Due to its unique properties, OLCD has the potential to transform how and where displays are used in products. The videos below give a glimpse into this innovative technology.

OLCD brings the benefits of being thin, light, shatterproof and conformable, while offering the same quality and performance as traditional glass LCDs. The mechanical advantages of plastic OLCD over glass LCD are further enhanced by the technology’s excellent optical performance, much of which originates from the extreme thinness of plastic TAC substrates compared to glass.

New York, United States, July 19, 2022 (GLOBE NEWSWIRE) -- The global flexible display market had a market share of USD 13.34 billion in 2019, according to the new report of Straits Research. It is predicted to grow at a CAGR of 34.83% from 2022 to 2030. The global flexible display market is expected to grow owing to the rising innovations in consumer electronics and increased demand for a high-quality picture. Integrating smart sensors into residential devices has lengthened the replacement cycle for new consumer electronics. Displays are increasingly being used to control and communicate with devices.

The growing trend of smart homes and buildings and the increasing demand for connected technologies are some of the major factors driving the adoption of connected and innovative solutions across the consumer electronics sector. Effective data storage is becoming critical, with so many viewers consuming media from OTT platforms such as Netflix, Amazon, and others. Thus, the demand for TVs is expected to boost the flexible displays market.

Further, the growing demand for greater picture quality bolsters the demand for flexible displays. The number of 4K televisions sold has increased exponentially in recent years. According to JEITA, the number of 4K TVs shipped in Japan in 2020 will be 3.05 million, up from 2.58 million the previous year. The increase in demand is expected to be driven by the change in resolution and quality of the contents.

Lastly, more exciting and demanding technology, such as virtual reality and 4K displays, is now available. As a result, PC gamers are expected to upgrade their equipment, which is one of the factors driving sales of gaming-specific PCs and their accessories, such as gaming screens. As a result, increased need for picture quality has increased the demand for flexible displays. Report MetricDetails

Due to the global shutdown, production of flexible displays fell precipitously in 2020 due to the global supply chain disruption. COVID-19 had an impact on the operations of not only flexible display manufacturers but also their suppliers and distributors.

In the short term, the failure of export shipments and poor domestic semiconductor demand compared to pre-COVID-19 levels are expected to impact negatively and slightly stagnant demand for semiconductor devices, affecting the flexible display market.

As a result of the ongoing COVID-19 outbreak, several major economies have been placed on lockdown. Sales of electronic products have been hampered, and supply networks have been disrupted. Furthermore, many economies are losing a significant amount of revenue due to manufacturing plant closures. As a result, the general scenario has hampered the demand for flexible displays in 2020.

Tokyo, Aug. 02, 2022 (GLOBE NEWSWIRE) -- The global flexible display market size was valued at USD 22.02 billion in 2022. The use of flexible display has been extensively seen in the automobile industry where do they use of touch screen has been observed with the rapid advancement in technology. The increasing demand for smart phones and smart watches has also boosted the demand for flexible displays. The recent trend of curved display edges has boosted the market for flexible displays to a great extent.

With a view to provide better flexibility and durability to the device the use of flexible display has increased to a considerable extent. The rapidly increasing number of people belonging to the geriatric population has also boosted the demand for flexible and durable display material.

RegionalSnapshots The region of North America has proved to be the largest market for the flexible display as a result of the presence of leading automobile industries in this sector. The increasing demand for making the vehicles more interactive and customized as per the requirements of the consumer has proved to be a driving factor for the flexible displays.

The region of Middle East and Africa have also proved to be potential markets for the growth of the flexible display products. As a result of the well-established market of flexible displays in the region of North America, rapid growth is experienced by the key market players. The region of Latin America has also proved to be a potential market for the flexible display.

ReportHighlights On the basis of technology, OLED has dominated the segment as a result of its extensive use in the smartwatches and smartphones. The introduction of OLED has transformed the entire touch experience which was obtained from the flexible display market.

On the basis of application, the automobile industry has proved to be the largest market for the flexible display as a result of the rapid technological advancements that has been experienced over the period of time. In order to make the vehicles more interactive with the use of artificial intelligence, the introduction of flexible displays into this system is increasing rapidly.

On the basis of material, plastic has dominated the segment as a result of the low cost which is imposed during the manufacturing process of the flexible displays.

On the basis of geography, North America has proved to be the largest market for the flexible display as a result of the increasing demand of electronic gadgets with advanced technologies.

A rapid technological advancement has been experienced by the flexible display market in the recent years. The quality and weight of the display devices Underwent rapid transition with the development in technology. The space consuming and bulky nature of the displays have been transformed to slim formats which provide a better response to the touch of the consumer. The huge number of people belonging to the geriatric population proves to be a driving force for the flexible display market as these people cannot take care of the delicate features provided by the electronic devices. With the increasing competition among the key market players, advanced technologies have been launched into the market which attracts potential customers. The rapid advancements which have been observed in the field of education with the introduction of smart displays has proved to be a major driving force for the growth of the market during the forecast period.

The entire process involved in manufacturing of flexible display it"s very complex as compared to the manufacturing process of rigid displays. This imposes an additional cost on the manufacturing process which increases the cost of the electronic devices. The designing process of the rigid displays is much simpler which makes it superior as compared to the flexible displays. The response to stimuli offered by the rigid display this is very satisfying as compared to the flexible display. The extreme climatic conditions hamper the quality and resolution of the flexible displays very easily which proves to be a major restraining factor for the growth of the market. The level of protection which is provided for the internal circuit and motherboard of the electronic device is quite less which reduces the life of the gadget. These multiple reasons prove to be the restraining factors for the growth of the market during the forecast period.

The facility of insurance coverage which has been introduced for the electronic devices in order to provide a better aftermarket service to the consumers has proved to be a major opportunity for the growth of the market. The increasing use of flexible displays by the manufacturers of smart band it"s proved to be a great opportunity for the growth of the market of flexible display. The high demand of watches and smart phones experienced as a result of rapid digitalization in the field of education has proved to be a great opportunity for the growth of the flexible display market during the forecast period. The introduction of smart education system into the society has increased the demand for better display quality and resolution. These multiple reasons proved to be great opportunities for the growth of the flexible display market during the forecast period.

The revenue return of the flexible display mainly depends on the bulk order which is received by the manufacturer. Flexible displays cannot bear extreme climatic conditions which hampers the functioning and response provided by the device. The cost of the raw material of flexible displays proves to be a great challenge for the growth of the market. These multiple reasons prove to be the challenges during the growth phase of the flexible display market.

RecentDevelopments In January 2017 - a wallpaper TV was introduced by LG, that included a flexible screen which was 4 mm deep. This could be suspended on the wall with the help of magnets. it was a super slim model which was bendable.

A flexible display or rollable display is an electronic visual display which is flexible in nature, as opposed to the traditional flat screen displays used in most electronic devices.e-readers, mobile phones and other consumer electronics. Such screens can be rolled up like a scroll without the image or text being distorted.electronic ink, Gyricon, Organic LCD, and OLED.

Electronic paper displays which can be rolled up have been developed by E Ink. At CES 2006, Philips showed a rollable display prototype, with a screen capable of retaining an image for several months without electricity.pixel rollable display based on E Ink’s electrophoretic technology.flexible organic light-emitting diode displays have been demonstrated.electronic paper wristwatch. A rollable display is an important part of the development of the roll-away computer.

With the flat panel display having already been widely used more than 40 years, there have been many desired changes in the display technology, focusing on developing a lighter, thinner product that was easier to carry and store. Through the development of rollable displays in recent years, scientists and engineers agree that flexible flat panel display technology has huge market potential in the future.

Flexible electronic paper (e-paper) based displays were the first flexible displays conceptualized and prototyped. Though this form of flexible displays has a long history and were attempted by many companies, it is only recently that this technology began to see commercial implementations slated for mass production to be used in consumer electronic devices.

The concept of developing a flexible display was first put forth by Xerox PARC (Palo Alto Research Company). In 1974, Nicholas K. Sheridon, a PARC employee, made a major breakthrough in flexible display technology and produced the first flexible e-paper display. Dubbed Gyricon, this new display technology was designed to mimic the properties of paper, but married with the capacity to display dynamic digital images. Sheridon envisioned the advent of paperless offices and sought commercial applications for Gyricon.

In 2005, Arizona State University opened a 250,000 square foot facility dedicated to flexible display research named the ASU Flexible Display Center (FDC). ASU received $43.7 million from the U.S. Army Research Laboratory (ARL) towards the development of this research facility in February 2004.demonstration later that year.Hewlett Packard demonstrated a prototype flexible e-paper from the Flexible Display Center at the university.

Between 2004–2008, ASU developed its first small-scale flexible displays.U.S. Army funds ASU’s development of the flexible display, the center’s focus is on commercial applications.

This company develops and manufactures monochrome plastic flexible displays in various sizes based on its proprietary organic thin film transistor (OTFT) technology. They have also demonstrated their ability to produce colour displays with this technology, however they are currently not capable of manufacturing them on a large scale.Dresden, Germany, which was the first factory of its kind to be built – dedicated to the high volume manufacture of organic electronics.plastic and do not contain glass. They are also lighter and thinner than glass-based displays and low-power. Applications of this flexible display technology include signage,wristwatches and wearable devices

In 2004, a team led by Prof. Roel Vertegaal at Queen"s University"s Human Media Lab in Canada developed PaperWindows,Organic User Interface. Since full-colour, US Letter-sized displays were not available at the time, PaperWindows deployed a form of active projection mapping of computer windows on real paper documents that worked together as one computer through 3D tracking. At a lecture to the Gyricon and Human-Computer Interaction teams at Xerox PARC on 4 May 2007, Prof. Vertegaal publicly introduced the term Organic User Interface (OUI) as a means of describing the implications of non-flat display technologies on user interfaces of the future: paper computers, flexible form factors for computing devices, but also encompassing rigid display objects of any shape, with wrap-around, skin-like displays. The lecture was published a year later as part of a special issue on Organic User InterfacesCommunications of the ACM. In May 2010, the Human Media Lab partnered with ASU"s Flexible Display Center to produce PaperPhone,MorePhone

Research and development into flexible OLED displays largely began in the late 2000s with the main intentions of implementing this technology in mobile devices. However, this technology has recently made an appearance, to a moderate extent, in consumer television displays as well.

Nokia first conceptualized the application of flexible OLED displays in mobile phone with the Nokia Morph concept mobile phone. Released to the press in February 2008, the Morph concept was project Nokia had co-developed with the University of Cambridge.nanotechnology, it pioneered the concept of utilizing a flexible video display in a consumer electronics device.London, alongside Nokia’s new range of Windows Phone 7 devices.

Sony Electronics expressed interest for research and development towards a flexible display video display since 2005.RIKEN (the Institute of Physical and Chemical Research), Sony promised to commercialize this technology in TVs and cellphones sometime around 2010.TFT-driven OLED display.

In January 2013, Samsung exposed its brand new, unnamed product during the company"s keynote address at CES in Las Vegas. Brian Berkeley, the senior vice president of Samsung"s display lab in San Jose, California had announced the development of flexible displays. He said "the technology will let the company"s partners make bendable, rollable, and foldable displays," and he demonstrated how the new phone can be rollable and flexible during his speech.

During Samsung"s CES 2013 keynote presentation, two prototype mobile devices codenamed "Youm" that incorporated the flexible AMOLED display technology were shown to the public.OLED screen giving this phone deeper blacks and a higher overall contrast ratio with better power efficiency than traditional LCD displays.LCD displays. Samsung stated that "Youm" panels will be seen in the market in a short time and production will commence in 2013.

The Flexible Display Center (FDC) at Arizona State University announced a continued effort in forwarding flexible displays in 2012.Army Research Lab scientists, ASU announced that it has successfully manufactured the world"s largest flexible OLED display using thin-film transistor (TFTs) technology.

Flexible displays have many advantages over glass: better durability, lighter weight, thinner as plastic, and can be perfectly curved and used in many devices.glass and rollable display is that the display area of a rollable display can be bigger than the device itself; If a flexible device measuring, for example, 5 inches in diagonal and a roll of 7.5mm, it can be stored in a device smaller than the screen itself and close to 15mm in thickness.

Flexible screens can open the doors to novel and alternative authentication schemes by emphasizing the interaction between the user and the touch screen. In “Bend Passwords: Using Gestures to Authenticate on Flexible Devices,” the authors introduce a new method called Bend Passwords where users perform bending gestures and deform the touch screen to unlock the phone. Their work and research points to Bend Passwords possibly becoming a new way to keep smartphones secure alongside the popularization of flexible displays.

Flexible displays using electronic paper technology commonly use Electrophoretic or Electrowetting technologies. However, each type of flexible electronic paper vary in specification due to different implementation techniques by different companies.

The flexible electronic paper display technology co-developed by Arizona State University and HP employs a manufacturing process developed by HP Labs called Self-Aligned Imprint Lithography (SAIL).

The flexible electronic paper display announced by AUO is unique as it is the only solar powered variant. A separate rechargeable battery is also attached when solar charging is unavailable.

Many of the e-paper based flexible displays are based on OLED technology and its variants. Though this technology is relatively new in comparison with e-paper based flexible displays, implementation of OLED flexible displays saw considerable growth in the last few years.

In May 2011, Human Media Lab at Queen"s University in Canada introduced PaperPhone, the first flexible smartphone, in partnership with the Arizona State University Flexible Display Center.

At CES 2013, Samsung showcased the two handsets which incorporates AMOLED flexible display technology during its keynote presentation, the Youm and an unnamed Windows Phone 8 prototype device.Galaxy Note Edge,Samsung Galaxy S series devices.

Crawford, Gregory P., ed. (2005). Flexible flat panel displays (Reprinted with corrections. ed.). Chichester, West Sussex, England: John Wiley & Sons. p. 2. ISBN 978-0470870488.

Thryft, Ann R. (7 June 2012). "All-Plastic Electronics Power Flexible Color Display". Design News. Archived from the original on 31 March 2019. Retrieved 24 April 2013.

Lahey, Byron; Girouard, Audrey; Burleson, Winslow and Vertegaal, Roel (May 2011). PaperPhone: Understanding the Use of Bend Gestures in Mobile Devices with Flexible Electronic Paper Displays, Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, Pages 1303–1312.

Gomes, A., Nesbitt, A., and Vertegaal, R. (2013) MorePhone: A Study Of Actuated Shape Deformations for Flexible Thin-Film Smartphone Notifications. In Proceedings of ACM CHI’13 Conference on Human Factors in Computing. ACM Press, 2013, pp. 583–592.

Lee, Reuben (10 January 2013). "Samsung shows off flexible display phones at CES keynote". CNET. Archived from the original on 17 February 2013. Retrieved 12 February 2013.

Lowensohn, Josh (9 January 2013). "Eyes-on: Samsung"s Youm flexible-display tech at CES 2013". CNET. Archived from the original on 26 November 2013. Retrieved 12 February 2013.

The Europe region is expected to reach USD 58.6 billion by 2030 with a CAGR of 34.85% in Europe flexible display market. The term "flexible display" refers to any visual output surface that is constructed to be able to withstand being folded, bent, or twisted in any direction. OLED displays are commonly used in screens that use flexible displays. Flexible displays are becoming more common in foldable technology, such as smartphones that can be folded or closed like a book.

Flexible displays are helpful because they permit the device to be stored in a smaller space, like a pocket, while also providing a screen size that is more enjoyable for the display of media. This is a useful combination. Flexible displays in mobile devices can improve multitasking. Foldable displays on smartphones may one day make it unnecessary for some people to carry around a tablet in addition to their primary device. The cache of something new and futuristic is the main draw of a folding display.

It is also essential to point out that flexible displays have significant potential applications beyond the realm of smartphone manufacturing. They can enhance the functionality of other gadgets by being used with them. In addition, given the growing interest in wearable technology, it is quite likely that newer models of consumer electronics will incorporate this kind of functionality into their designs in the near future.

The development of flexible display technology could prove useful for smartwatches. Flexible displays offer some immediate advantages in this regard, as their designers already go to considerable lengths to make their displays as tiny as possible. Because of their tendency to be more slender than conventional displays, they are an excellent choice for use in gadgets of this type.

Then there are specialised use cases such as medical devices and other applications. Even if flexible displays do not take off right away, they will find a home in other areas in the near future. It will be fascinating to observe the kinds of shifts they make possible in other markets.

It appears that gaming is another industry in which these devices may find a useful application in the near future. It is possible that we may see some ways that include flexible screens in the near future thanks to virtual reality and the new technologies that are being introduced in contemporary consoles and their controllers.

When compared to their standard counterparts, flexible displays are still relatively expensive and frequently sacrifice the quality of the images they produce. This becomes particularly obvious when the screen is folded at a specific angle. In the same vein, flexible screens, in comparison to their more conventional counterparts, typically have a shorter lifespan.

The current designs should be able to meet the requirements of the vast majority of users for a very long time. However, this is still an issue that needs to be addressed by the majority of manufacturers, particularly in consideration of the higher costs that are associated with flexible display devices.

The high costs of research and development (R&D), the complexity of interference, and the premium pricing of flexible displays are some of the most significant factors that prevent the widespread adoption of flexible displays in Europe.

The market for flexible displays in the Europe region may be broken down into three distinct categories: the component utilised, the technology & the application.

Display technology and display manufacturing technology are the two subcategories that are included in the technology segment"s further subdivisions. OLED, E-paper, LCD, and LCOS are some of the technologies that are used in display technology. The technologies used in display manufacturing include plasma display technology as well as flat panel display technology.

The application settings of end users and the subsequent demand for various television sets are two factors that have a significant impact on the market landscape in Europe. OEMs and brands of European televisions use either an IPS panel or a VA panel in the current market, depending on the models they produce and the regions in which they sell them. For instance, the VA panel might have a higher contrast ratio in a relatively darker environment, whereas consumers in some European countries prefer a darker living room. This difference in preference can be explained by the fact that the VA panel was developed in the United States.

May 2022, AU Optronics (AUO) is committed to the development of innovative display technologies and will continue to do so. At SID Display Week 2022, AUO will showcase the application scenarios of the next-generation Micro LED display technology integrated smart cockpit, multiple world-first AmLED gaming display panels, along with top-notch sensing technologies that demonstrate AUO"s powerful integration capabilities. These application scenarios were jointly developed with technology ecosphere partners.

a line of extreme and ultra-narrow bezel LCD displays that provides a video wall solution for demanding requirements of 24x7 mission-critical applications and high ambient light environments

The Asia Pacific region is expected to reach USD 118.7 billion by 2030 with a CAGR of 36.65% in Asia Pacific flexible display market. The term "flexible display" refers to any visual output surface that is constructed to be able to withstand being folded, bent, or twisted in any direction. OLED displays are commonly used in screens that use flexible displays. Flexible displays are becoming more common in foldable technology, such as smartphones that can be folded or closed like a book.

Flexible displays are helpful because they permit the device to be stored in a smaller space, like a pocket, while also providing a screen size that is more enjoyable for the display of media. This is a useful combination. Flexible displays in mobile devices can improve multitasking. Foldable displays on smartphones may one day make it unnecessary for some people to carry around a tablet in addition to their primary device. The cache of something new and futuristic is the main draw of a folding display.

The expansion of the flexible displays market in Asia Pacific is likely to be driven over the forecast period by lucrative advantages offered by OLED technology. The OLED technology provides a number of benefits, including improved image quality, colours that are more vivid, a higher contrast ratio, and a faster refresh rate. OLED displays are more compact and thinner than their LCD counterparts, and they also offer superior energy management due to the fact that they operate at their optimum power. In addition, customers have access to extra benefits because to the expanded viewing angles provided by OLED panels.

Over the course of the forecast period, the expansion of the Asia Pacific flexible display market is anticipated to be driven by the increasing application of OLED displays. Devices that use OLEDs have begun to find applications in a wide variety of industries all around the world. OLED technology is currently being implemented in a variety of consumer electronics, including media players, digital cameras, mobile phones, televisions, and wearable devices, among other things. In order to broaden their product offerings and obtain a competitive advantage in the market, many of the most significant market companies, including Sony, Samsung, and LG, have recently introduced a number of new items that include OLED displays.

The smartphone market is the primary force behind the growing demand for flexible screens, and numerous suppliers, particularly Chinese manufacturers, are increasing their concentration on this market sector. In addition to this, many other manufacturers are concentrating their efforts on expanding their product lines and strengthening their positions in the markets for televisions and computers (including laptop and desktop screens). During the third and fourth quarters of 2020, LG Display boosted the production capacity of its Gen 8 and Gen 8 OLED screens.

A Slow Frame Rate As was said previously, the performance of a glass display is significantly superior to that of a plastic display. The flexible screens on mobile phones currently suffer from a Slow Frame Rate, which refers to the frequency at which content such as text, pictures, and videos is presented.

The market for flexible displays in the Asia-Pacific region may be broken down into three distinct categories: the component utilised, the technology & the application.

Display technology and display manufacturing technology are the two subcategories that are included in the technology segment"s further subdivisions. OLED, E-paper, LCD, and LCOS are some of the technologies that are used in display technology. The technologies used in display manufacturing include plasma display technology as well as flat panel display technology.

In 2021, the Asia-Pacific region was responsible for the biggest market share overall, which was approximately 43.78%. South Korea, Japan & China are home to many reputed companies which deals in flexible display products. Hence, making it the largest among all the other regions.

May 6, 2022 – To formally mark the completion of its $250 million capital project to expand production of Kapton® polyimide film and Pyralux® flexible circuit materials at the Circleville manufacturing site, DuPont Interconnect Solutions, a business within the Electronics & Industrial segment, held a ribbon-cutting ceremony today with elected officials and business leaders. In attendance at the event were business leaders and elected officials from the local community.

May 2022,On the website of the World Intellectual Property Organization (also known as WIPO), the South Korean multinational corporation Samsung has patented a revolutionary flexible display phone.

In terms of its outward appearance, the Samsung gadget seems to be standard. It does not appear to be a device that can be folded or flipped. Instead, this piece of hardware will have a bendable display, which appears to be an extension of the primary display that will go all the way up to the middle of the back panel in a horizontal orientation. The flexible display will have a sliding mechanism for movement.

Flexible display includes plastic, as the chief substrate instead of conventional glass. However in some cases, thin glass, or steel can also be used as a substrate for flexible display. Higher operating temperature is one of the major advantages of glass, and steel based flexible display, whereas plastic substrate offers superior flexibility, light weight, and robustness.

The technical advancements in the manufacturing technology of flexible organic light emitting diode (OLED) has boosted up the flexible display market, in past few years. Sony Corp., Philips, and Samsung, are some of the leading patent holders, in the flexible display market. The market penetration of flexible glass in various consumer electronics products is likely to be increased due to features, such as portability, non-brittleness, light weight, and flexibility, within the forecast period. Major players in the consumer electronics market, such as Samsung and LG have started using flexible organic light emitting diode (OLEDs) in their smartphones, to gain a large market share in the premium smartphone market segment. More recently, Apple Inc. has launched Apple Watch, which contains flexible display technology

The transformation of display technology, growing market of display based electronic devices, such as smartphones, TV, Tablets, and laptops; along with the advancement in material science are the major drivers for the growth of the global flexible display market. The increasing market penetration of flexible display is providing new market opportunity, across the value chain.

The high cost of research and development (R&D), interference complexity, and premium pricing of the flexible display are some of the major factors, hindering the wide spread acceptance of flexible displays. Additionally, the complex manufacturing process and high proprietary learning curve in flexible display market is restricting their adoption, among low- end consumers.

Based on different materials, the global flexible display market can be broadly classified, as polymer, glass, and glass-reinforced plastic (GRP). On the basis of components, the flexible display market can be bifurcated, as organic material, substrate, conductive layer, backlight panel, and others. Based on applications, flexible display can be segmented as smartphone, e-reader, e-paper, tablet, laptop and television. Based on manufacturing technology, the global flexible display market can be segmented, as flexible flat panel display, flexible plasma display, and photographic technology. On the basis of display technology, the global flexible display market can be segmented, as OLED, E-Paper, LCD, and LCOS.

Asia Pacific accounted for the leading and fastest growing market of flexible display, in 2014. The market dominance of Asia Pacific is attributed to high demand of display devices from consumer electronics segment. The U.S. and Canada are two largest regional flexible display markets in North America.

The major patents within the flexible display market are, US 8,275,420 (LG Electronics Inc.), US 8,271,047 (LG Electronics Inc.), US 8,376,017 (Samsung Group), EP2456175 (Research In Motion Ltd.), US 7,751,116B2 (LG Display Co. Ltd.), and US 8,199,272 (E Ink Holding Inc.). In 2013, LG Display Co. Ltd. announced an investment of $900 million, for the production of sixth-generation flexible organic light emitting diode (OLED) panels. With this investment the company aims to manufacture 7,500 flexible display units per month, which is likely to be commenced from 2017.

Some of the competitors in the flexible display market are Universal Display Corporation, Toppan Printing Co. Ltd., Sony Corporation, Polymer Vision, Plastic Logic Ltd., Philips Electronics, Novaled AG, Nokia, Nanolumens, Materion Corporation, LG Display Co. Ltd., Kent Displays Inc., Hewlett-Packard Company (HP), E Ink Holdings Inc., Dupont Display, Delta Electronics Inc., Atmel Corporation, and Corning Incorporated.

The world of electronics is constantly evolving, and innovative material technologies have facilitated a massive leap in the development of more compound hi-tech displays for mobile devices. Consequently, flexible displays are no more a marketing gimmick but a major and extremely imperative display technology innovation which holds enormous potential to deliver resolutions that are light, thin, and foldable.

As per the expert analysts at Technavio, the next five years are promising to bring advanced flexible display panels for smartphones to the global market. Subsequently, end-users of the smartphone will be able to fold, twist and roll them like paper, at their convenience.

While Samsung, LG, and many other top smartphone brands have been displaying prototype phones for years, it is only now that flexible screen phones are going commercial. When these brands talk about a flexible display technology, they are indeed speaking about the organic light-emitting diode (OLED) display panel precisely placed beneath the cover glass which is now made using plastic material rather than rigid glass.

There are several benefits to display that moves and bends. The latest flexible displays promise to be lighter and thinner as they have fewer layers than the LCDs we see on tablets and phones now. Additionally, flexible displays are more durable than today’s phone displays, thanks to the plastic materials used in producing a range of smart and flexible displays.

The mobile phones with flexible screens have driven several smartphone manufacturers to catch up in this fierce battle as they jostle to win market share with the groundbreaking products. In the recent times, Xiaomi and Vivo – the Chinese brands released their first smartphones with flexible active-matrix organic light-emitting diode (AMOLED) displays, while many other manufacturers have robust plans to develop their own foldable and dual-edge curved smartphone designs.

Above all, Apple is expected to unveil its latest iPhone equipped with flexible AMOLED display in the year end, which would dramatically drive up estimated demand for flexible display panels.

We are on the verge to experience the electrifying technology that will revolutionize the smartphone industry beyond the imagination. With a surge of engineers working hard to develop cutting-edge tech, flexible displays are absolutely a module to watch in the mobile space.

The Flexible Box Module, usually referred to as flexbox, was designed as a one-dimensional layout model, and as a method that could offer space distribution between items in an interface and powerful alignment capabilities. This article gives an outline of the main features of flexbox, which we will be exploring in more detail in the rest of these guides.

Using flex: none will create fully inflexible flex items. It is as if you wrote flex: 0 0 auto. The items cannot grow or shrink but will be laid out using flexbox with a flex-basis of auto.

Backplanes are the most essential component of electronics because they can connect in parallel with each other and control the electrical signals of devices. As opposed to the passive-matrix form, the active-matrix backplane allows selective access to each component with a rapid response while maintaining a high-circuit density by sharing electrode lines. Despite many advantages of active-matrix backplanes, the realization of deformable active-matrix backplanes with reliable operation is very challenging. This is because three electrodes (gate, source, drain) of each component are connected to different word and bit lines and grounds, and the failure of only one single component can lead to the failure of the whole backplane. Therefore, it is important to minimize stress during deformations of thin-film transistor (TFT)-based electronics. The deformability of backplanes is commonly obtained by modifying device materials and structures to accommodate most of the strains induced by bending, folding, and even stretching. These modifications can be classified into two approaches: one uses intrinsically flexible materials (e.g., ultrathin or elastomeric materials) and the other uses an engineered substrate.

The most basic method of obtaining flexibility or bendability is the adoption of ultrathin materials as the TFT backplane components.2a, b. In addition, no fracture was found on the oxide semiconductor TFT regions due to the thin thickness of the backplane (~2 µm) and the improved flexibility of the TFT regions. Javey and coworkers have demonstrated a flexible display that is composed of a flexible carbon nanotube (CNT)-based backplane and flexible organic light-emitting diode (OLED) pixels as depicted in Fig. 2c, d (ref. 3). The flexible display was fabricated on a 24-µm-thick PI film, and the total thickness of the devices (excluding the substrate) was <2 µm. Therefore, the flexible backplane showed stable electrical characteristics even during the bending states (where the bending radius was 4.2 mm), and the OLED pixels also performed with negligible degradation from the deformations (where the bending radius was 4.7 mm). Consequently, this fabricated display also demonstrated flexibility because of the deformability of the devices.

Flexible backplane for display fabricated by a thin-film process. a Photo (left) of the TFT array sample made by graphene–AuNT hybrid electrodes on a transparent polyimide substrate. Scale bar: 1 cm. A schematic diagram (right) of the TFT layout. b Photos of the TFT arrays transferred onto: a leaf, eyeglasses, and the skin of human hand. All scale bars: 1 cm. a–b Reproduced with permission from ref. 8. Copyright 2014, American Chemical Society. c Photo (left), optical micrograph (middle), and scanning electron micrographs (right) of flexible backplane. d Photos of operating flexible display combined with backplane and OLED pixels. c–d Reproduced with permission from ref. 3. Copyright 2013, Nature Publishing Group

Many studies have demonstrated flexible electronics with various methodologies. However, in the case of the aforementioned methods, mechanical stresses continue to be induced on the brittle electronic materials, even though the stresses are relieved. Therefore, the mechanical stresses generate fatigue on the electronics during repetitive or constant deformations, and the accumulated fatigue causes severe problems that deteriorate the performance and reliability of flexible TFT backplanes. Consequently, reducing fatigue becomes a key challenge to realizing highly flexible and stable backplanes or electronics. The typical method of reducing mechanical fatigue on the TFT backplane is the adoption of device islands-interconnect designs. These designs are based on engineered substrates that are composed of materials with different values of elastic modulus.3a.1 summarizes the recent advances in stretchable interconnect technology.3b). The stretchable conductors showed high stretchability at over 200% strain as plotted in Fig. 3c. Based on these systems, the stretchable backplane also demonstrated superb stretchability up to the strain of 110% (Fig. 3d). In addition, Kim et al. have also demonstrated a reversibly foldable TFT backplane based on the oxide semiconductor (indium oxide (In2O3)), which shows high performance and is used in the conventional backplane.3e). The designed stretchable conductors exhibited stretchability up to the strain of 100% and also exhibited stability against cyclic tests (10,000 times with the 80% strain), as shown in Fig. 3f. Because of these superior interconnects and engineered substrates, the oxide semiconductor TFT backplane also showed high stability during the folding states without any degradation (Fig. 3g). In addition, Park and his team have also studied stretchable TFT backplanes based on these two systems Fig. 3h. Their TFT backplanes also provided reproducible performances up to the strain of 25%, as shown in Fig. 3i, and showed high stability against fatigue (5000 times with the 20% strain), as shown in Fig. 3j. The reliability of the stretchable TFT backplane is affected by the strain isolation effect of engineered substrates and the high stability of stretchable interconnects (Au film on AgNWs-embedded elastomer).

Device islands-interconnect design for highly flexible TFT backplane. a Simulation of strain manipulation at the top surface of the engineered substrate. Reproduced with permission from ref. 9. Copyright 2013, American Institute of Physics. b Schematic illustrations of OTFT backplane on engineered substrate. c Conductivity dependence on tensile strain in printed elastic conductors with and without surfactant. d Transfer characteristics of OTFT according to the tensile strain. b–d Reproduced with permission from ref. 12. Copyright 2015, Nature Publishing Group. e Schematic images (top) and scanning electron micrographs (bottom) of stretchable conductor (Au film on AgNWs-embedded elastomer) before and after stretching. Scale bars: 5 μm. f Resistance dependence on tensile strain (left) and cyclic numbers (right) of the stretchable conductor (Au film on AgNWs-embedded elastomer). g Images (top) and output characteristics (bottom) of foldable TFT backplane on engineered substrate before and after folding. Scale bars: 5 mm (black) and 100 μm (red). e–g Reproduced with permission from ref. 13. Copyright 2016, Royal Society of Chemistry. h Illustration and photograph (inset) of stretchable TFT backplane on engineered substrate. i Electrical properties of device in h according to the mechanical strain (up to a strain of 25%). j Electrical properties of device in h according to the number of cycles

The research activities for developing TSP technologies at UNIST have been devoted mainly to exploring new materials, device structures, and device fabrication processes for multi-functional flexible and stretchable TSPs. One noticeable achievement is the development of the highly flexible capacitive TSP with AgNW diamond-pattern electrodes and transparent bridge structures formed on a polycarbonate film.4 shows the structure and touch-sensing capability of the fabricated TSP. As shown in the Fig. 4, the bridge structure is composed of an epoxy polymer (SU-8)-based bridge insulator and an Al-doped zinc oxide (AZO) bridge electrode. In order to secure the stable and robust connection between the AZO bridge electrode and the AgNW diamond-pattern electrodes over the bridge insulator, the side-wall slope of the bridge insulator is made as low as possible with our unique photolithography process, in which the exposure time is extended beyond the optimized value for forming vertical side-walls. With the extended exposure time, the lower part of the SU-8 layer immediately adjacent to the direct exposure region can be sufficiently exposed to the stray ultraviolet (UV) light scattered from the substrate, leading to the formation of a bridge insulator with a low side-wall slope. The fabricated TSP sample was found to be highly flexible and transparent and also showed good touch-sensing performance. The measured capacitance changes by ~22.7% with the finger touch.

Based on their superb operational performances and functionalities, the flexible and stretchable TSP devices developed at UNIST, including the two introduced above, are expected to significantly enrich the information communicated between humans and machines. Thus, it is quite probable that these devices will be used extensively in various future information technology applications.

Flexible light sources are important parts in flexible display applications because they determine long-term stability and commercial value of practical flexible displays under continuous mechanical stress. Thus, flexible light sources should have sufficient light-emission efficiency and mechanical stability. Generally, OLEDs have been mostly spotlighted candidates for flexible light sources because OLEDs consisted of organic materials and they have outstanding mechanical flexibility compared with inorganic LEDs.

Following constituent materials of flexible OLEDs, there are four major research issues (substrates, electrodes, light-emissive materials, and encapsulation) to be perfectly developed for practical future applications; flexible substrates, electrodes, light-emissive materials, and encapsulation. Here, we briefly introduce technical research issues with four sections and suggest future research directions of flexible OLEDs.

Almost all of the macroscopic flexibility of flexible OLEDs comes from substrates. The important properties of flexible substrates are mechanical flexibility, thermal stability, optical transparency, and gas barrier properties.

Highly conductive poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) have been investigated for flexible electrodes with highly smooth surface, optical transparency, easy processes, and enhanced electrical conductivity up to 4380 S/cm by doping with polar solvents or concentrated sulfuric acid.6. In addition, hybrid flexible electrodes composed of PEDOT:PSS and AgNWs were said to be mechanically durable and robust OLED characteristics were said to be obtained.

a Schematic illustration of thermal annealing and LPEB irradiation of AgNWs. b Schematic illustration of fabrication process for AgNW/PEDOT:PSS composite electrode and the PLED structure, and photograph of light-emitting flexible PLEDs with AgNW/PEDOT:PSS electrode

Most components of flexible OLEDs are organic materials that can easily react with oxygen and moisture because plastic substrates and other components have low gas barriers. The water vapor transmission rate (WVTR) is strongly related to the long-term stability and feasibility of practical flexible OLEDs. OLEDs generally require a WVTR of approximately 10−6 g/m2∙per day, which is a very low value compared to inorganic LEDs.−3 g/m2∙day, as shown in Fig. 8.

For next-generation displays, flexible and light-weight OLEDs are an appropriate candidate because of their excellent light emission, and mechanical flexibility. Currently available components of flexible OLEDs including substrates, electrodes, emissive materials and encapsulation layers, are still insufficient to achieve practical flexible OLEDs with stable performance under mechanical deformation. Consequently, achieving reliable components of flexible OLEDs such as (1) flexible substrates and encapsulation layers with good barrier properties, (2) transparent electrodes that are mechanically robust under deformation and have low sheet resistance, and (3) flexible materials that emit light efficiently, remains to be solved for commercial applications.

Recently, flexible display devices have attracted widespread attention as an alternative to rigid devices because of their portability and comfort for long time wearing. For the relevant applications, when the devices undergo mechanical deformations such as bending and stretching, the thicknesses of the constituent materials usually decreases and all layers suffer a tensile stress at the outside of each layer.

Flexible display devices contain many laminated structures composed of sub-micrometer-scale thin films. At UNIST, we evaluated the mechanical properties of one of these components using modified hole-nanoindentation. PDY-132 (Merck, Germany, commercially sold as “Super Yellow”) is a ‘‘high-performance polymer’’ that emits yellow light. In our evaluation, PDY-132 was spin-coated on a clean glass substrate. The sacrificial layer was selectively dissolved to fabricate free-standing films with the same dimensions as the actual devices. We fabricated hole-patterned Si wafers using the deep reactive ion etching method. The patterned hole size was proportional to each film thickness, so that the diameter of a hole was less than 1% of the film thickness.11. The elastic modulus of the hole-indentation was found to be 4.89 GPa, and its fracture strength was 1.19 GPa.

Uchic et al.12. Tensile testing is the most fundamental method of evaluating a material’s inherent mechanical properties, such as yield strength, strain-hardening exponent, ultimate tensile strength, etc. As mentioned above, in-situ testing enables precise observations of sample deformations in real time, with simultaneous imaging during testing. Various indenters are also expected to enable stretching and bending tests of constituent materials in flexible display devices.

Flexible display devices contain many organic materials, such as polymer films, active materials, and electrodes. However, mechanical tests of organic materials in high vacuum conditions in SEM and transmission electron microscopy are limiting in that organic materials are (in real environments) highly affected by surrounding environmental conditions such as humidity and temperature; it is important to measure mechanical properties in actual operating environments. A nano-UTM can be used to control environmental conditions using a controlled humidity chamber and heating block because the machine is based on an optical microscope, as shown in Fig. 13. Images of gauge sections during tensile tests are observed by a charge-coupled device camera in real time, and strain is analyzed from the images based on digital image correlation. Constituent materials in flexible display devices are macroscopically visible and their thicknesses are generally in the nanometer-scale range. PEDOT:PSS is widely used for organic transparent conducting electrodes, and PEDOT:PSS thin films are fabricated by natural drying after drop casting on a substrate. A tensile sample was fabricated by a mechanical press, and the gauge length and gauge width were 4 and 1 mm, respectively, as in the standard ASTM E8 test. We performed tensile tests of PEDOT:PSS in three different humidity conditions by nano-UTM, and the results are summarized in Fig. 13. The yield strengths of the samples tested in the lowest humidity environment were greater than those of other samples, and the fracture strain decreased as humidity increased.

In recent years, fingerprint mutual capacitive TSPs with flexible displays fabricated from flexible plastic materials have attracted much attention because of the development of transparent fingerprint sensors embedded in flexible displays that are also thin and impact-resistant. As security protections for electronic devices such as smart phones become increasingly important, a fingerprint sensor has been integrated on the device’s home button because the fingerprint sensor is not transparent. However, a mutual capacitive transparent fingerprint TSP must be developed on the display itself because a wearable device does not have a home button, and the screen sizes of smart devices must otherwise be enlarged.

To make a flexible TSP, a flexible and transparent material must be used for the TSP electrode. However, variation in load becomes a concern when the flexible electrodes of the fingerprint TSP are bent or stretched, which can interfere with capturing the fingerprint image. Because the capacitance difference of the mutual capacitive fingerprint TSP from the ridge to the valley is several hundred atto-farads, the effect of the load variation due to a bent or stretched TSP will be very critical.

Both the flexible fingerprint TSP and post-processing are required to capture the fingerprint image in the fingerprint TSP on the flexible display. A readout IC for the flexible fingerprint TSP is required to distinguish the atto-farad capacitance difference in the fingerprint TSP noise environment on the flexible display. Post-processing is also necessary to compensate for the load variation due to the bent or stretched display.

When the thickness of the covered glass of the flexible display is almost 0.2–0.3 mm, the mutual capacitance difference from the valley to the ridge is almost 50–150 atto-farad. As the thickness of the display panel increases, the mutual capacitance difference is reduced. The thickness of the rigid glass is larger than that of the flexible display panel, which induces a capacitance difference between the valley and the ridge of only several atto-farad.

A proposed high voltage transmitter and the low-noise, low-capacitance sensing circuits for the fingerprint touch screen panel. Reproduced with permission from ref. 70. Copyright 2014, IEEE

A low-noise, low-offset, and fast-response receiver is required to acquire a fingerprint image in the mutual capacitive fingerprint TSP on the flexible display. In addition, the post-processing is also required to compensate for the load variation issues that occur because of the flexible TSP’s unique characteristics. A readout IC with high accuracy and a fast response and an effective algorithm for cancelling the offset due to the load variation are both required to achieve an effective fingerprint TSP on the flexible display.