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As a TFT LCD manufacturer, we import mother glass from brands including BOE, INNOLUX, and HANSTAR, Century etc., then cut into small size in house, to assemble with in house produced LCD backlight by semi-automatic and fully-automatic equipment. Those processes contain COF(chip-on-glass), FOG(Flex on Glass) assembling, Backlight design and production, FPC design and production. So our experienced engineers have ability to custom the characters of the TFT LCD screen according to customer demands, LCD panel shape also can custom if you can pay glass mask fee, we can custom high brightness TFT LCD, Flex cable, Interface, with touch and control board are all available.

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As a TFT LCD manufacturer, we import mother glass from brands including BOE, INNOLUX, and HANSTAR, Century etc., then cut into small size in house, to assemble with in house produced LCD backlight by semi-automatic and fully-automatic equipment. Those processes contain COF(chip-on-glass), FOG(Flex on Glass) assembling, Backlight design and production, FPC design and production. So our experienced engineers have ability to custom the characters of the TFT LCD screen according to customer demands, LCD panel shape also can custom if you can pay glass mask fee, we can custom high brightness TFT LCD, Flex cable, Interface, with touch and control board are all available.

NMLCD-101MB02000is a color active matrix LCD module incorporating amorphous silicon TFT (Thin Film Transistor). It is composed of a color TFT-LCD panel, driver IC, FPC and a back light unit. The module display area contains 1920x1200 pixel. This product accords with RoHS environmental criterion.

Shenzhen SLS Industrial Co.,ltd established in 2003, is a professional LCD module manufacturer and solution provider. We have 1 full-auto COG assembly line, 2 semi-auto assembly line, backlight assembly line, no dust TP bonding line and manufacturing tech support, we can provide unique, innovative and cost effective LCD module development and manufacturing. Our product range includes: middle-small size TFT LCD, industrial capacitive touch panel... Our LCD products have been widely used in communications, GPS, Equipment, electronic audio-visual, instrumentation, household appliances, PDA and other industries.

At present the research and development of PANASYS type resistance touch screen mainly ITO F+G structure, size covers 0.9-22 inch (support custom size). The general purpose four wire, five wire and eight wire resistive screens are mainly used for industrial control devices, commercial POS machines, self-service machines, military equipment, security and vehicle GPS applications.

Shenzhen SLS Industrial Co.,ltd established in 2003, is a professional LCD module manufacturer and solution provider. We have 1 full-auto COG assembly line, 2 semi-auto assembly line, backlight assembly line, no dust TP bonding line and manufacturing tech support, we can provide unique, innovative and cost effective LCD module development and manufacturing. Our product range includes: middle-small size TFT LCD, industrial capacitive touch panel... Our LCD products have been widely used in communications, GPS, Equipment, electronic audio-visual, instrumentation, household appliances, PDA and other industries.

Crisp, colorful Lenovo ThinkVision monitors improve productivity, unleash creativity and limit eye strain – and they do it with all style, and some of the simplest and cleanest cable and connectivity options in the industry. Turn to Lenovo for all your monitor needs, whether you"re looking for a simple external display to use with a laptop, a high-resolution 4K monitor to complement your desktop or tower PC, or one of today"s new portable monitors that make it easy to take a full-size display wherever you go.

Lenovo ThinkVision monitors are known worldwide for quality and innovative design. In one recent year, ThinkVision models won three IF Product Design Awards, two Red Dot Design awards, and earned "Best Monitor" honors at CES. It"s a record that"s hard to beat, and shows why ThinkVision displays are so popular with business and home office users around the world.

There"s more to Lenovo monitors than meets the eye. Our ThinkVision brand boasts a wide range of models with higher-than-standard peak brightness, super-fast response times, easy-to-use USB Type-C and Thunderbolt™ 3 connectivity, near-edgeless bezels – even built-in webcams, mics and speakers. From the value-focused E Series to the high-performance P Series to the new, portable M Series, there"s a Lenovo ThinkVision monitor for every user and budget.

It wasn"t long ago that even a relatively small Full HD, IPS monitor was still too big to use in remote locations. You"d put it on your desk and leave it there, relying on your relatively tiny laptop display when you needed to go mobile. But no more.

ThinkVision portable monitors are sleek and lightweight, with protective covers and foldable stands that support and tilt the device in a way that"s similar to a tablet. Lenovo"s designs are both ergonomic and ambidextrous – ThinkVision M Series portable monitors feature two USB Type-C ports on either side of the device.

Portable monitors still aren"t huge. Early models have mostly featured laptop-sized displays. But they"re so easy to carry and connect that they"re opening a new world of productivity, extending the traditional workspace to just about anywhere. With a Lenovo portable monitor, even road warriors can use a dual-display set-up that until now has been limited to in-office scenarios.

Plus, many ThinkVision monitors are TÜV Eye Comfort-certified, delivering visuals are flicker-free, emit lower blue light radiation and reduce reflections when viewed from odd angles. This reduces eye-fatigue and makes long hours at work more productive and less stressful.

Not sure which monitor is right for you or your business?Lenovo FAQscan guide you to the right choice. Learn how to choose the best professional monitor,best business monitor, orbest monitor for your home office.

Could a Thinkvision monitor be the best choice for your needs? When buying a computer monitor for any reason, it is important to consider what you plan to use it for and your budget. Today, you no longer have to buy by the brand – there are a lot of fantastic brands that are both affordable and provide exceptional quality. Thinkvision is one of the most trusted brands in computer monitors today, and it is an affordable choice for many. Still, you have a lot of options to choose from. Take a look at some of those Thinkvision products which could be a perfect choice and beneficial for your daily usage.

A good place to begin is with an understanding of what this type of monitor is. It is produced by Lenovo. It is designed to offer premium quality visual effects and a versatile design. It is available in various sizes and styles to fit most application needs. You can choose from a range of options to fit your budget or the way you plan to use your monitor.

One of the most common reasons to purchase this brand is for the Thinkvision mobile monitor. How much time do you spend on a computer each day? Do you have to layer documents, tabs from your browser, and software applications on top of each other to be able to see well? A mobile monitor provides you with a second monitor that can help you gain better clarity of information.

The company offers quite a few options for this type of monitor, with the Thinkvision M14 being one of the best overall choices for various reasons. This type of monitor provides a full HD display for you to use, and it allows you to plug it in when you need it and remove it when you do not. This portable display provides picture-perfect clarity whenever you are using it.

The Thinkvision M14t offers an intuitive touch interface that allows you to use it with ease. It is a 14-inch model designed to be slim and lightweight, allowing you to take it with you wherever you want. This Thinkvision portable monitor has a few key features that help to make it stand out, including a 10-point touch functionality that allows you to animate, present, design, and annotate with ease. It has a pressure-sensitive pen that comes with it, which allows you to easily navigate through the site you are on and sketch with flawless detail.

This type of monitor is fantastic when you need to make a presentation with you from one area to the next. It can also provide you with some of the best overall functionality for creating on the go. Take a closer look at all of the options here, including the Thinkvision m14t USB-c mobile monitor with a touch screen. With the right design and features, it is easy to see how this particular monitor can be the perfect choice for numerous applications and uses. That is why it is one of the best options for professionals who need a portable solution they can rely on.

Another option that you may be looking for is the Thinkvision t24i-2l 23.8 inch FHD monitor. There are several styles available from this company in this line-up. This is a traditional desktop computer monitor that provides some outstanding benefits to you.

Let’s start with a look at the Thinkvision t24i 10. This is part of a professional collection of monitors from the company that offers next-generation display features. It is ideal for borderless full HD experiences and provides a bright, beautiful picture quality. One of the most impressive features is that it offers vivid resolution and a near edgeless design. That means you get to use the entire size of the screen for your needs. More so, there is no color distortion as the screen gets larger.

Consider the Thinkvision t24i-20 as your next option. This model offers some impressive looks, too. It has an in-plane switching bezel design. One of the key reasons to choose the Thinkvision t24v-20 model or the T- Series model is because they are designed to provide less stress on the eyes. If you are a professional who spends a lot of time staring at a computer each day, this model is ideal. It features Rheinland Eye comfort certification. That helps reduce some of the strain on your eyes even after long hours. These computer monitors are still very functional, providing VGA, DP, and HDMI connections with four USB ports. It is also an ideal choice for those looking for an ergonomic design.

Consider the Thinkvision t22v-20 as another option. This monitor is an excellent choice for those who need a professional monitor with a few added features. For example, it is a 21.5-inch monitor with a built-in camera. It also features speakers and a microphone. It has an integrated camera and Windows Hello in it as well. This, along with three-sided Near Edgeless In-Plane Switching makes this display fantastic.

The Thinkvision P27u 10 is a good starting point. This is a 27-inch monitor that features wide $K Ultra High Definition (UHD) IPS features. It offers 3840 by 2160 resolution, which is higher than most other types. This, along with the other features, makes it an excellent choice for daily use when crisp images are critical. Check out the Thinkvision p27h-10 27 inch wide QHD IPS for the very best in picture quality.

The Thinkvision P24h 10 is the same type of monitor. The difference is that it has a screen that is 23.8 inches. It still offers some fantastic features and excellent quality pictures.

The Thinkvision p27u-20 is another option. It has everything you need including that same superior quality resolution. It has the professional features you need, including the high-resolution UHD screen with enhanced viewing angles and fantastic contrast ratios to help images really stand out. In many ways, this type of monitor can help make work more efficient daily by improving the picture quality and ensuring clarity in every application you run with it.

Yet another popular option is the Thinkvision p32p-20 31.5-inch monitor. If you are a tech-savvy individual and want superior resolution, this is an excellent choice. It has a UHD resolution that creates a crisp display. It is perfect for those who want enhanced detail and expect superior creativity. It is designed to connect through various ports and creates a holistic experience for users. You can adjust the color accuracy.

You may have a wide range of questions about the Thinkvision lineup. At Lenovo, we aim to help you with any information you may need. You are sure to find that information on the product description for each of the monitors available. Here are some quick questions and answers.

There is a Thinkvision warranty on most products. If you are buying a specific monitor, be sure to check out the tech specs for it. The warranty information should be provided to you at that point. Keep in mind that the warranty provided may differ from one product to the next. Be sure to verify the information as it applies to the specific model of monitor you are planning to purchase. All information is included in the specs.

The Thinkvision flat panel monitor LED backlight is one of the features found in some of these monitors. For many people, the benefit of these monitors is that they improve the overall visual quality of the images displayed. At the same time, they do less damage to your eyes and sight. That is, they are easier to use, and you may feel better using them on a consistent basis. At the same time, this look is fantastic, and the images are always crisp and clear, making it perfect for those who need as much detail as possible.

You can set up Thinkvision monitor power saving mode within the configurations of your system. To do this, simply access the settings for the monitor itself on your device. You can then adjust the sleep mode settings, including what happens and when it turns on.

Are you ready to invest in a Thinkvision monitor? If so, you are sure to find just what you need here at Lenovo. That includes the latest models that are just being released and all of your older favorite models. Invest in a quality monitor, as it can make a big difference in your experience with your device each day.

This article is about the economy of the People"s Republic of China. For the economy of the Republic of China, see Economy of Taiwan. For the book, see The Chinese Economy: Transitions and Growth. For other uses, see Economy of China (disambiguation).

The People"s Republic of China has an upper middle income developing mixed socialist market economyeconomic planning through industrial policies and strategic five-year plans.world"s foremost economic powers for most of the two millennia from the 1st until the 19th century.Chinese economic model is one of the main examples of state capitalism in the 21st century.state-owned enterprises (SOEs) and mixed-ownership enterprises, as well as a large domestic private sector and openness to foreign businesses in a system. China is one of the fastest-growing major economies since the 1978 economic reforms.nominal GDP, totaling around US$17.7 trillion (114.4 trillion yuan) in 2021, and the world"s largest economy since 2016 when measured by Purchasing Power Parity (PPP).second largest by nominal GDP since 2010, with data relying on fluctuating market exchange rates.economy of the European Union in 2021.

China is the world"s largest manufacturing economy and exporter of goods.fastest-growing consumer market and second-largest importer of goods.international trade.foreign direct investment in the world as of 2020, receiving inflows of $163billion.outward foreign direct investment, at US$136.91 billion for 2019 alone, following Japan at US$226.65billion for the same period.Credit Suisse Group, China surpassed the US in the wealth of the top ten percent of the world"s population.foreign-exchange reserves worth $3.1trillion,trillion.

With 778 million workers, the Chinese labor force was the world"s largest as of 2020. It ranks 28th on the Global Competitiveness Report.Global Innovation Index in 2022, China was ranked 11th, 3rd in Asia & Oceania region and 2nd for countries with a population of over 100 million. It is the only middle-income economy and the only newly industrialized economy in the top 30.Shenzhen-Hong Kong-Guangzhou and Beijing in the 2nd and 3rd spots respectively) of the global top5 science and technology clusters, which is more than any other country.5G users and 1.45 million base stations installed.

China has had the world"s largest middle class population since 2015,Credit Suisse.trillion.Hurun Global Rich List 2021, China is home to six of the world"s top ten cities (Beijing, Shanghai, Shenzhen, Hong Kong, Hangzhou and Guangzhou in the 1st, 2nd, 4th, 5th, 8th and 9th spots, respectively) by the highest number of billionaires, which is more than any other country.

According to the IMF, on a per capita income basis, China ranked 59th by GDP (nominal) and 73rd by GDP (PPP) in 2020.GDP per capita (nominal) and 5th by GDP per capita (PPP) among countries with a population of over 100 million.

State-owned enterprises accounted for over 60% of China"s market capitalization in 2019trillion dollars (101.36 trillion yuan) in 2020, with domestic and foreign private businesses and investment accounting for the remaining 60%.trillion In 2015.

China"s unequal transportation system, combined with important differences in the availability of natural and human resources and in industrial infrastructure, has produced significant variations in the regional economies of China.

Economic development has generally been more rapid in coastal provinces than in the interior and there are large disparities in per capita income between regions. The three wealthiest regions are the Yangtze River Delta in East China; the Pearl River Delta in South China; and Jingjinji region in North China. It is the rapid development of these areas that is expected to have the most significant effect on the Asian regional economy as a whole and Chinese government policy is designed to remove the obstacles to accelerated growth in these wealthier regions. By 2035, China"s four cities (Shanghai, Beijing, Guangzhou and Shenzhen) are projected to be among the global top ten largest cities by nominal GDP according to a report by Oxford Economics.

In accordance with the One country, two systems policy, the economies of the former British colony of Hong Kong and Portuguese colony of Macau are separate from the rest of China and each other. Both Hong Kong and Macau are free to conduct and engage in economic negotiations with foreign countries, as well as participating as full members in various international economic organizations such as the World Customs Organization, the World Trade Organization and the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation forum, often under the names "Hong Kong, China" and "Macau, China".

China and other major developing economies by GDP per capita at purchasing-power parity (1990–2013) as the rapid economic growth of China (blue) is readily apparent

The economic reforms implemented in 1978 helped to propel China into the ranks of the world"s major economic powers. The economic development of Shenzhen has caused the city to be referred to as the world"s next Silicon Valley.provinces in the coastal regions of Chinaindustrialized while regions in the hinterland are less developed.

To guide economic development, the Chinese central government adopts "five-year plans" that detail its economic priorities and essential policies. The Fourteenth Five-Year Plan (2021–2025) is currently being implemented, placing an emphasis on consumption-driven growth and technological self-sufficiency while China transitions from being an upper middle-income economy to a high-income economy.public sector plays a central role in China"s economy.Two Centenaries", namely the material goal of China becoming a "moderately prosperous society in all respects" by 2021 and the modernization goal of China becoming a "fully developed nation" by 2049, the 100th anniversary of the founding of the People"s Republic.

Like Japan and South Korea before it, China’s economy has grown rapidly, raising the income levels and living standards of its citizens while producing goods that are consumed globally. Between 1981 and 2019, the percentage of the population living in extreme poverty decreased from 88.1% to 0.2%.current account surplus increased by a factor of 53 between 1982 and 2015, from $5.7billion to $304billion.clothing and footwear to the increasingly sophisticated production of computers, pharmaceuticals, and automobiles. China"s factories generated $3.7trillion real manufacturing value added, more than the US, South Korea, Germany and the UK combined. China"s manufacturing sector benefits from the world"s largest domestic market, immense manufacturing scale, and highly developed manufacturing supply chains.

In mid-2014 China announced it was taking steps to boost the economy, which at the time was running at a rate 7.4% per annum, but was slowing. The measures included plans to build a multi-tier transport network, comprising railways, roads and airports, to create a new economic belt alongside the Yangtze River.

There exists disputes over reliability of official economic data. Foreign and some Chinese sources have claimed that official Chinese government statistics overstate China"s economic growth.Economist Intelligence Unit, state that while there"s evidence China"s GDP data is "smoothed", they believe that China"s nominal and real GDP data are broadly accurate.

Analysts like Wilbur Ross and Donald Straszheim believe China"s recent economic growth has been overstated, and estimate a growth rate at around 4% or less.University of Chicago Booth School of Business and research associate at the National Bureau of Economic Research, Michael Zheng Song, an economics professor at the Chinese University of Hong Kong, and coauthors, China"s economy was smaller than what the Chinese government stated in 2016. In their research paper, published by the Brookings Institution, they adjusted the historical GDP time series using value-added tax data, which they said are "highly resistant to fraud and tampering".

Several Western academics and institutions have supported the claim that China"s economy is likely to be underestimated.National Bureau of Economic Research claimed that China"s economic growth may be higher than what is reported by official statistics.Xavier Sala-i-Martin published by the Elsevier Science Direct in 2018 employs an innovative method of satellite-recorded nighttime lights, which the authors claim to be a best-unbiased predictor of the economic growth in Chinese cities. The results suggest that the Chinese economic growth rate is higher than the official reported data.

The Li Keqiang index is an alternative measurement of Chinese economic performance that uses three variables Li preferred.light pollution are used by some analysts to model Chinese economic growth and suggest recent growth rate numbers in Chinese official data are more reliable although are likely to be smoothed.Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis, China"s official statistics are of a high quality compared to other developing, middle-income and low-income countries. In 2016, China was at the 83rd percentile of middle and low-income countries, up from the 38th percentile in 2004.Federal Reserve Bank of San Francisco found that China"s official GDP statistics are "significantly and positively correlated" with externally verifiable measures of economic activity such as import and export data from China"s trade partners, suggesting that China"s economic growth was no slower than the official figures indicated.

The study by Daniel Rosen and Beibei Bao, published by the Center for Strategic and International Studies in 2015, showed that GDP in 2008 was actually 13-16 percent bigger than the official data, while 2013 GDP was accurately at $10.5trillion rather than the official figure at $9.5trillion.Arvind Subramanian, a former economist at the International Money Fund (IMF) and a senior fellow at the Peterson Institute for International Economics, the size of the Chinese economy by Purchasing Power Parity in 2010 was about $14.8 trillion rather than an official estimate at $10.1 trillion by IMF, meaning that China"s GDP was underestimated by 47 percent.

China Western Development, designed to increase the economic situation of the western provinces through investment and development of natural resources.

Revitalize Northeast China, to rejuvenate the industrial bases in Northeast China. It covers the three provinces of Heilongjiang, Jilin, and Liaoning, as well as the five eastern prefectures of Inner Mongolia.

Rise of Central China Plan, to accelerate the development of its central regions. It covers six provinces: Shanxi, Henan, Anhui, Hubei, Hunan, and Jiangxi.

The "West-to-East Electricity Transmission", the "West-to-East Gas Transmission", and the "South–North Water Transfer Project" are the government"s three key strategic projects, aimed at realigning overall of 12 billion cu m per year. Construction of the "South-to-North Water Diversion" project was officially launched on 27 December 2002 and completion of Phase I is scheduled for 2010; this will relieve serious water shortfall in northern China and realize a rational distribution of the water resources of the Yangtze, Yellow, Huaihe, and Haihe river valleys.

Pork is an important part of the Chinese economy with a per capita consumption of 90 grams per day. The worldwide rise in the price of animal feed associated with increased production of ethanol from corn resulted in steep rises in pork prices in China in 2007. Increased cost of production interacted badly with increased demand resulting from rapidly rising wages. The state responded by subsidizing pork prices for students and the urban poor and called for increased production. Release of pork from the nation"s strategic pork reserve was considered.

By November 2010, the inflation rate rose up to 5.1%, driven by an 11.7% increase in food prices year on year. According to the bureau, industrial output went up 13.3 percent. As supplies have run short, prices for fuel and other commodities have risen.

In China, the majority of investment is carried out by entities that are at least partially state-owned. Most of these are under the control of local governments. Thus booms are primarily the result of perverse incentives at the local-government level.

A typical cycle begins with a relaxation of central government credit and industrial policy. This allows local governments to push investment aggressively, both through state-sector entities they control directly and by offering investment-promotion incentives to private investors and enterprises outside their jurisdictions.

While note the largest source of historical cumulative emissions China today accounts for one third of global greenhouse gas emissions. On a per capita basis, China’s emissions in 2019 (9 tonnes CO2-equivalent [tCO2e] per year) surpass those of the European Union (7.6 tCO2e) but remain slightly below the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) average (10.7 tCO2e) and well below the United States average (17.6 tCO2e). However, the carbon intensity of China’s GDP—the amount of carbon used to generate a unit of output—remains relatively high.pollution in China,Nicholas Stern and Fergus Green of the Grantham Research Institute on Climate Change and the Environment that the economy of China be shifted to more advanced industrial development with low carbon dioxide emissions and better allocation of national resources to innovation and R&D for sustainable economic growth in order to reduce the impact of China"s heavy industry. This is in accord with the planning goals of the central government.Chinese leader and Communist Party general secretary Xi Jinping"s Chinese Dream is described as achieving the "Two Centenaries", namely the material goal of China becoming a "moderately prosperous society" by 2021, and the modernization goal of China becoming a fully developed nation by 2049, the 100th anniversary of the founding of the People"s Republic.

In 2014, many analysts expressed concern over the overall size of China"s government debt.International Monetary Fund reported that China"s general government gross debt-to-GDP ratio was 41.44 percent.International Monetary Fund concluded that China"s public debt is relatively low "and on a stable path in all standard stress tests except for the scenario with contingent liability shocks", such as "a large-scale bank recapitalization or financial system bailout to deal, for example, with a potential rise in NPLs from deleveraging".

Chinese authorities have dismissed analysts" worries, insisting "the country still has room to increase government debt."Ben Bernanke, earlier in 2016, commented that "the... debt pile facing China [is] an "internal" problem, given the majority of the borrowings was issued in local currency.OECD found that China"s corporate debt is higher than other major countries.

Though China"s economy has expanded rapidly, its regulatory environment has not kept pace. Since Deng Xiaoping"s open market reforms, the growth of new businesses has outpaced the government"s ability to regulate them. This has created a situation where businesses, faced with mounting competition and poor oversight, take drastic measures to increase profit margins, often at the expense of consumer safety. This issue became more prominent in 2007, with a number of restrictions being placed on problematic Chinese exports by the United States.

From the 1950s to the 1980s, the central government"s revenues derived chiefly from the profits of the state enterprises, which were remitted to the state. Some government revenues also came from taxes, of which the most important was the general industrial and commercial tax.

Most of China"s financial institutions are state-owned and governed.financial and fiscal control are the People"s Bank of China (PBC) and the Ministry of Finance, both under the authority of the State Council. The People"s Bank of China replaced the Central Bank of China in 1950 and gradually took over private banks. It fulfills many of the functions of other central and commercial banks. It issues the currency, controls circulation, and plays an important role in disbursing budgetary expenditures. Additionally, it administers the accounts, payments, and receipts of government organizations and other bodies, which enables it to exert thorough supervision over their financial and general performances in consideration of the government"s economic plans. The PBC is also responsible for international trade and other overseas transactions. Remittances by overseas Chinese are managed by the Bank of China (BOC), which has a number of branch offices in several countries.

Other financial institutions that are crucial, include the China Development Bank (CDB), which funds economic development and directs foreign investment; the Agricultural Bank of China (ABC), which provides for the agricultural sector; the China Construction Bank (CCB), which is responsible for capitalizing a portion of overall investment and for providing capital funds for certain industrial and construction enterprises; and the Industrial and Commercial Bank of China (ICBC), which conducts ordinary commercial transactions and acts as a savings bank for the public.Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank in 2015 and the Silk Road Fund in 2014, an investment fund of the Chinese government to foster increased investment and provide financial supports in countries along the One Belt, One Road.

China"s economic reforms greatly increased the economic role of the banking system. In theory any enterprises or individuals can go to the banks to obtain loans outside the state plan, in practice, 75% of state bank loans go to State Owned Enterprises. (SOEs)capital was previously provided on a grant basis according to the state plan, policy has since the start of the reform shifted to a loan basis through the various state-directed financial institutions. It is estimated that, as of 2011, 14 trillion Yuan in loans was outstanding to local governments. Much of that total is believed by outside observers to be nonperforming.World Bank and several United Nations programs, as well as from countries (particularly Japan) and, to a lesser extent, commercial banks. Hong Kong has been a major conduit of this investment, as well as a source itself. On 23 February 2012, the PBC evinced its inclination to liberalise its capital markets when it circulated a telling ten-year timetable.capital control strictures since Chinese nationals had been previously barred from transferring their yuan to overseas account.

China has four of the world"s top ten most competitive financial centers (Shanghai, Hong Kong, Beijing, and Shenzhen), more than any other country.largest stock exchanges (Shanghai, Hong Kong and Shenzhen), both by market capitalization and by trade volume.Shanghai Stock Exchange and Shenzhen Stock Exchange, topped US$10trillion, excluding the Hong Kong Stock Exchange, with about US$5.9trillion.

China has the world"s largest total banking sector assets of around $45.838trillion (309.41trillion CNY) with $42.063trillion in total deposits and other liabilities.

Despite slowing of the economy, as of June 2015 the Chinese stock index, the CSI 300 Index, which is based on 300 stocks traded in the Shanghai and Shenzhen stock exchanges, had risen nearly 150% over the past twelve months. In an effort to forestall damage from collapse of a possible economic bubble fueled by margin trading the central government raised requirements for margin lending. Economic damage from a crash in 2007–2008 was limited due to margin lending being highly restricted.China Securities Finance Corporation, CFS, a firm created by China"s commodities and stock exchanges to finance trades,China Securities Regulatory Commission to buy, and hold, a substantial amount of securities affected by the downturn. Using funds supplied by the central bank and commercial banks the China Securities Finance Corporation purchased enough stocks to halt the slide acquiring as much as 5% of the stock in some firms. Lines of credit were extended by CFS to 21 securities firms, some of which also purchased up to 5% of some companies stocks. Some of the small cap stocks acquired may be overvalued.

The renminbi ("people"s currency") is the currency of China, denominated as the yuan, subdivided into 10jiao or 100fen. The renminbi is issued by the People"s Bank of China, the monetary authority of China. The ISO 4217 abbreviation is CNY, although also commonly abbreviated as "RMB". As of 2005, the yuan was generally considered by outside observers to be undervalued by about 30–40%.IMF stated that the yuan was correctly valued.

The renminbi is held in a floating exchange-rate system managed primarily against the US dollar. On 21 July 2005, China revalued its currency by 2.1% against the US dollar and, since then has moved to an exchange rate system that references a basket of currencies and has allowed the renminbi to fluctuate at a daily rate of up to half a percent.

There is a complex relationship between China"s balance of trade, inflation, measured by the consumer price index and the value of its currency. Despite allowing the value of the yuan to "float", China"s central bank has decisive ability to control its value with relationship to other currencies. Inflation in 2007, reflecting sharply rising prices for meat and fuel, is probably related to the worldwide rise in commodities used as animal feed or as fuel. Thus rapid rises in the value of the yuan permitted in December 2007 are possibly related to efforts to mitigate inflation by permitting the renminbi to be worth more.

During the week of 10 August 2015, against the background of a slowing Chinese economy and appreciation of the U.S. dollar, the People"s Bank of China devalued the renminbi by about 5%.Special Drawing Rights (SDR) by the International Monetary Fund (IMF), one of China"s goals.internationalize the renminbi. As of 2013, the RMB is the 8th most widely traded currency in the world.G-20 and IMF meetings, IMF director Christine Lagarde announced her support for adding the yuan to the SDR currency basket. The announcement gave "green-light" to official approval at 30 November IMF meeting.Purchasing Managers Index in 2005. As China"s economy grows, so does China"s Renminbi, which undergoes the process needed for its internationalization.

Among the Fortune 500 companies in 2022, there are 136 in China.revenue in the Fortune Global 2000, ranking second globally.billion, the highest number in the world.

China is the world"s largest producer and consumer of agricultural products – and some 300 million Chinese farm workers are in the industry, mostly laboring on pieces of land about the size of U.S farms. Virtually all arable land is used for food crops. China is the world"s largest producer of rice and is among the principal sources of wheat, corn (maize), tobacco, soybeans, potatoes, sorghum, peanuts, tea, millet, barley, oilseed, pork, and fish. Major non-food crops, including cotton, other fibers, and oilseeds, furnish China with a small proportion of its foreign trade revenue. Agricultural exports, such as vegetables and fruits, fish and shellfish, grain and meat products, are exported to Hong Kong. Yields are high because of intensive cultivation, for example, China"s cropland area is only 75% of the U.S. total, but China still produces about 30% more crops and livestock than the United States. China hopes to further increase agricultural production through improved plant stocks, fertilizers, and technology.

According to the United Nations World Food Program, in 2003, China fed twenty percent of the world"s population with only seven percent of the world"s arable land.ranks first worldwide in farm output, and, as a result of topographic and climatic factors, only about 10–15 percent of the total land area is suitable for cultivation. Of this, slightly more than half is unirrigated, and the remainder is divided roughly equally between paddy fields and irrigated areas. Nevertheless, about 60 percent of the population lives in the rural areas, and until the 1980s a high percentage of them made their living directly from farming. Since then, many have been encouraged to leave the fields and pursue other activities, such as light manufacturing, commerce, and transportation; and by the mid-1980s farming accounted for less than half of the value of rural output. Today, agriculture contributes only 13% of China"s GDP.

Animal husbandry constitutes the second most important component of agricultural production. China is the world"s leading producer of pigs, chickens, and eggs, and it also has sizable herds of sheep and cattle. Since the mid-1970s, greater emphasis has been placed on increasing the livestock output. China has a long tradition of ocean and freshwater fishing and of aquaculture. Pond raising has always been important and has been increasingly emphasized to supplement coastal and inland fisheries threatened by overfishing and to provide such valuable export commodities as prawns. China is also unmatched in the size and reach of its fishing armada with anywhere from 200,000 to 800,000 boats, some as far afield as Argentina. Fueled primarily by government subsidies, its growth and activities have largely gone unchecked.

Western China, comprising Tibet, Xinjiang, and Qinghai, has little agricultural significance except for areas of floriculture and cattle raising. Rice, China"s most important crop, is dominant in the southern provinces and many of the farms here yield two harvests a year. In the north, wheat is of the greatest importance, while in central China wheat and rice vie with each other for the top place. Millet and kaoliang (a variety of grain sorghum) are grown mainly in the northeast and some central provinces, which, together with some northern areas, also provide considerable quantities of barley. Most of the soybean crop is derived from the north and the northeast; corn (maize) is grown in the center and the north, while tea comes mainly from the warm and humid hilly areas of the south. Cotton is grown extensively in the central provinces, but it is also found to a lesser extent in the southeast and in the north. Tobacco comes from the center and parts of the south. Other important crops are potatoes, sugar beets, and oilseeds.

Despite the possibility of a housing bubble, many people still choose to invest their assets in real estate market. On 19 December 2021, according to a report by McKinsey Global Institute, China"s net worth reached $120 trillion in 2020 to overtake the U.S."s $89 trillion as a red-hot real estate market drove up property value.

Since 1980, China"s energy production has grown dramatically, as has the proportion allocated to domestic consumption. Some 80 percent of all power is generated from fossil fuel at thermal plants, with about 17 percent at hydroelectric installations; only about two percent is from nuclear energy, mainly from plants located in Guangdong and Zhejiang.coal and oil, the central part of north China has abundant coal, and the southwest has immense hydroelectric potential. But the industrialized regions around Guangzhou and the Lower Yangtze region around Shanghai have too little energy, while there is relatively little heavy industry located near major energy resource areas other than in the southern part of the northeast.

Due in large part to environmental concerns, China has wanted to shift China"s current energy mix from a heavy reliance on coal, which accounts for 70–75% of China"s energy, toward greater reliance on oil, natural gas, renewable energy, and nuclear power. China has closed thousands of coal mines over the past five to ten years to cut overproduction. According to Chinese statistics, this has reduced coal production by over 25%.

Since 1993, China has been a net importer of oil, a large portion of which comes from the Middle East. Imported oil accounts for 20% of the processed crude in China. Net imports are expected to rise to 3.5 million barrels (560,000m3) per day by 2010. China is interested in diversifying the sources of its oil imports and has invested in oil fields around the world. China is developing oil imports from Central Asia and has invested in Kazakhstani oil fields.10th Five-Year Plan (2001–2005), with the goal of expanding gas use from a 2% share of total energy production to 4% by 2005 (gas accounts for 25% of U.S. energy production). Analysts expect China"s consumption of natural gas to more than double by 2010.

The 11th Five-Year Program (2006–10), announced in 2005 and approved by the National People"s Congress in March 2006, called for greater energy conservation measures, including development of renewable energy sources and increased attention to environmental protection. Guidelines called for a 20% reduction in energy consumption per unit of GDP by 2010. Moving away from coal towards cleaner energy sources including oil, natural gas, renewable energy, and nuclear power is an important component of China"s development program. Beijing also intends to continue to improve energy efficiency and promote the use of clean coal technology. China has abundant hydroelectric resources; the Three Gorges Dam, for example, will have a total capacity of 18 gigawatts when fully on-line (projected for 2009). In addition, the share of electricity generated by nuclear power is projected to grow from 1% in 2000 to 5% in 2030. China"s renewable energy law, which went into effect in 2006, calls for 10% of its energy to come from renewable energy sources by 2020.

As of 2021, China is facing its worst energy crisis in decades.The Guardian reported that "Companies in the industrial heartlands have been told to limit consumption, residents have been subjected to rolling blackouts, and annual light shows have been cancelled."

Outdated mining and ore-processing technologies are being replaced with modern techniques, but China"s rapid industrialization requires imports of minerals from abroad. In particular, iron ore imports from Australia and the United States have soared in the early 2000s as steel production rapidly outstripped domestic iron ore production. Also China has become increasingly active in several African countries to mine the reserves it requires for economic growth, particularly in countries such as the Democratic Republic of the Congo and Gabon.

The major areas of production in 2004 were coal (nearly two billion tons), iron ore (310 million tons), crude petroleum (175 million tons), natural gas (41 million cubic meters), antimony ore (110,000 tons), tin concentrates (110,000 tons), nickel ore (64,000 tons), tungsten concentrates (67,000 tons), unrefined salt (37 million tons), vanadium (40,000 tons), and molybdenum ore (29,000 tons). In order of magnitude, produced minerals were bauxite, gypsum, barite, magnesite, talc and related minerals, manganese ore, fluorspar, and zinc. In addition, China produced 2,450 tons of silver and 215 tons of gold in 2004. The mining sector accounted for less than 0.9% of total employment in 2002 but produced about 5.3% of total industrial production.

Until the end of 2019, a total of 173 types of minerals have been discovered in China, including 13 types of energy materials, 59 metals, 95 types of non-metallic minerals and six types of water and gases.

With respect to non-oil and gas minerals, the evaluation states that China has great prospecting potential for 24 major minerals, including coal, iron ore, manganese, chromite, copper, lead, zinc, bauxite, tungsten, tin, molybdenum, antimony, nickel, gold, silver, lithium, pyrites, sulphurite, phosphate rock, potash, magnesite, fluorite, boron and barite.

China has an abundant potential for hydroelectric power production due to its considerable river network and mountainous terrain. Most of the total hydroelectric capacity is situated in the southwest of the country, where coal supplies are poor but demand for energy is rising swiftly. The potential in the northeast is fairly small, but it was there that the first hydroelectric stations were built – by the Japanese during its occupation of Manchuria.

China is well endowed with mineral resources,coal. China"s mineral resources include large reserves of coal and iron ore, plus adequate to abundant supplies of nearly all other industrial minerals. Although coal deposits are widely scattered (some coal is found in every province), most of the total is located in the northern part of the country. The province of Shanxi, in fact, is thought to contain about half of the total; other important coal-bearing provinces include Heilongjiang, Liaoning, Jilin, Hebei, and Shandong.Sichuan, and there are some deposits of importance in Guangdong, Guangxi, Yunnan, and Guizhou.bituminous coal, but there are also large deposits of lignite. Anthracite is present in several places (especially Liaoning, Guizhou, and Henan), but overall it is not very significant.

Coal makes up the bulk of China"s energy consumption (70% in 2005, 55% in 2021), and China is the largest producer and consumer of coal in the world. As China"s economy continues to grow, China"s coal demand is projected to rise significantly. Although coal"s share of China"s overall energy consumption will decrease, coal consumption will continue to rise in absolute terms. China"s continued and increasing reliance on coal as a power source has contributed significantly to putting China on the path to becoming the world"s largest emitter of acid rain-causing sulfur dioxide and greenhouse gases, including carbon dioxide.

China"s onshore oil resources are mostly located in the Northeast and in Xinjiang, Gansu, Qinghai, Sichuan, Shandong, and Henan provinces. Oil shale is found in a number of places, especially at Fushun in Liaoning, where the deposits overlie the coal reserves, as well as in Guangdong. High quality light oil has been found in the Pearl River estuary of the South China Sea, the Qaidam Basin in Qinghai, and the Tarim Basin in Xinjiang. The country consumes most of its oil output but does export some crude oil and oil products. China has explored and developed oil deposits in the South China Sea and East China Sea, the Yellow Sea, the Gulf of Tonkin, and the Bohai Sea.

In 2013, the pace of China"s economic growth exceeded the domestic oil capacity and floods damaged the nation"s oil fields in the middle of the year. Consequently, China imported oil to compensate for the supply reduction and surpassed the US in September 2013 to become the world"s largest importer of oil.

The total extent of China"s natural gas reserves is unknown, as relatively little exploration for natural gas has been done.Daqing oilfield. Other gas deposits have been found in the Qaidam Basin, Hebei, Jiangsu, Shanghai, and Zhejiang, and offshore to the southwest of Hainan Island.

Iron ore reserves are found in most provinces, including Hainan. Gansu, Guizhou, southern Sichuan, and Guangdong provinces have rich deposits. The largest mined reserves are located north of the Yangtze River and supply neighboring iron and steel enterprises. With the exception of nickel, chromium, and cobalt, China is well supplied with ferroalloys and manganese. Reserves of tungsten are also known to be fairly large. Copper resources are moderate, and high-quality ore is present only in a few deposits. Discoveries have been reported from Ningxia. Lead and zinc are available, and bauxite resources are thought to be plentiful. China"s antimony reserves are the largest in the world. Tin resources are plentiful, and there are fairly rich deposits of gold. China is the world"s fifth largest producer of gold and in the early 21st century became an important producer and exporter of rare metals needed in high-technology industries.

China also produces a fairly wide range of nonmetallic minerals. One of the most important of these is salt, which is derived from coastal evaporation sites in Jiangsu, Hebei, Shandong, and Liaoning, as well as from extensive salt fields in Sichuan, Ningxia, and the Qaidam Basin. There are important deposits of phosphate rock in a number of areas; Jiangxi, Guangxi, Yunnan and Hubei. Production has been accelerating every year. As of 2013 China is producing 97,000,000 metric tons of phosphate rock a year.Pyrites occur in several places; Liaoning, Hebei, Shandong, and Shanxi have the most important deposits. China also has large resources of fluorite (fluorspar), gypsum, asbestos, and has the world"s largest reserves and production of cement, clinker and limestone.

As of 2017ranked third worldwide in industrial output that year (first was EU and second United States). Research by IHS Global Insight states that in 2010 China contributed to 19.8% of world"s manufacturing output and became the largest manufacturer in the world that year, after the US had held that position for about 110 years.

In November 2012, the State Council of the People"s Republic of China mandated a "social risk assessment" for all major industrial projects. This requirement followed mass public protests in some locations for planned projects or expansions.

Major industries include mining and ore processing; iron and steel; aluminium; coal; machinery; armaments; textiles and apparel; petroleum; cement; chemical; fertilizers; food processing; automobiles and other transportation equipment including rail cars and locomotives, ships, and aircraft; consumer products including footwear, toys, and electronics; telecommunications and information technology. China has become a preferred destination for the relocation of global manufacturing facilities. Its strength as an export platform has contributed to incomes and employment in China.

Since the founding of the People"s Republic, industrial development has been given considerable attention; as of 2011 46% of China"s national output continued to be devoted to investment; a percentage far higher than any other nation.machine-building and metallurgical industries have received the highest priority. These two areas alone now account for about 20–30 percent of the total gross value of industrial output.innovation has generally suffered at the hands of a system that has rewarded increases in gross output rather than improvements in variety, sophistication and quality. China, therefore, still imports significant quantities of specialized steels. Overall industrial output has grown at an average rate of more than ten percent per year, having surpassed all other sectors in economic growth and degree of modernization.consumer-oriented manufacturing firms are privately held or are private-state joint ventures.

The predominant focus of development in the chemical industry is to expand the output of chemical fertilizers, plastics, and synthetic fibers. The growth of this industry has placed China among the world"s leading producers of nitrogenous fertilizers. In the consumer goods sector the main emphasis is on textiles and clothing, which also form an important part of China"s exports. Textile manufacturing, a rapidly growing proportion of which consists of synthetics, account for about ten percent of the gross industrial output and continues to be important, but less so than before. The industry tends to be scattered throughout the country, but there are a number of important textile centers, including Shanghai, Guangzhou, and Harbin.growing consumer culture in China.

In 2020, China produced over 1053 million tonnes of steel, over half of the world total. This was an increase of 5.6% over the previous year as global steel production fell by 0.9%. China"s share of global crude steel production increased from 53.3% in 2019 to 56.5% in 2020

China was the top exporter of steel in the world in 2018; export volumes in 2018 were 66.9 million tons, a nine percent decrease over the previous year.anti-dumping taxes and had not returned to pre-2008 levels. However, in 2015, China"s steel exports reached a record high of 110 million metric tons.Xinjiang was expanding.

China is the world"s largest automobile producer, manufacturing more than 27 million vehicles in 2018. For comparison, the corresponding numbers for the US and Japan were 11.3 million and 9.7 million respectively. By 2006 China had become the world"s third largest automotive vehicle manufacturer (after US and Japan) and the second largest consumer (only after the US). However, four years later, in 2010, China was manufacturing more vehicles than the U.S. and Japan combined. Automobile manufacturing has soared during the reform period. In 1975 only 139,800 automobiles were produced annually, but by 1985 production had reached 443,377, then jumped to nearly 1.1 million by 1992 and increased fairly evenly each year up until 2001, when it reached 2.3 million. In 2002 production rose to nearly 3.25 million and then jumped to 4.44 million in 2003, 5.07 million in 2004, 5.71 million in 2005, 7.28 million in 2006, 8.88 million in 2007, 9.35 million in 2008 and 13.83 million in 2009. China has become the number-one automaker in the world as of 2009. Domestic sales have kept pace with production. After respectable annual increases in the mid- and late 1990s, passenger car sales soared in the early 2000s. In 2006, a total of 7.22 million automobiles were sold, including 5.18 million units of passenger cars and 2.00 million commercial vehicles.

In 2010, China became the world"s largest automotive vehicle manufacturer as well as the largest consumer ahead of the United States with an estimated 18 million new cars sold.Spratly Islands dispute, which involved Japan, the world"s third largest producer of vehicles.

China"s automotive industry has been so successful that it began exporting car parts in 1999. China began to plan major moves into the automobile and components export business starting in 2005. A new Honda factory in Guangzhou was built in 2004 solely for the export market and was expected to ship 30,000 passenger vehicles to Europe in 2005. By 2004, twelve major foreign automotive manufacturers had joint-venture plants in China. They produced a wide range of automobiles, minivans, sport utility vehicles, buses, and trucks. In 2003 China exported US$4.7billion worth of vehicles and components. The vehicle export was 78,000 units in 2004, 173,000 units in 2005, and 340,000 units in 2006. The vehicle and component export is targeted to reach US$70billion by 2010.

The market for domestically produced cars, under a local name, is likely to continue to grow both inside China and outside. Companies such as Geely, Qiantu and Chery are constantly evaluating new international locations, both in developing and developed countries.

The electric vehicle industry in China is the largest in the world, accounting for around 57.4% of global production of EVs and around 500,000 exports in 2021.electric bus and light commercial vehicle market, reaching over 500,000 buses (98% of global stock) and 247,500 electric commercial vehicles (65% of global stock) in 2019,

Plug-in electric vehicle (BEV and PHEV) sales was 15% of the overall automotive sales in China in 2021.BYD Auto and SAIC Motor occupying the top two spots, and 5 out of the top 7 spots.

The Chinese semiconductor industry, including IC design and manufacturing, forms a major part of China"s IT industry. China"s semiconductor industry consists of a wide variety of companies, from integrated device manufacturers to pure-play foundries to fabless semiconductor companies. Integrated device manufacturers (IDMs) design and manufacture integrated circuits. Pure-play foundries foundries only manufacture devices for other companies, without designing them, while fabless semiconductor companies only design devices. Examples of Chinese IDMs are YMTC and CXMT, examples of Chinese pure-play foundries are SMIC, Hua Hong Semiconductor and Wingtech, and examples of Chinese fabless companies are Zhaoxin, HiSilicon and UNISOC.

China is the currently the world’s largest semiconductor market in terms of consumption. In 2020, China represented 53.7% of worldwide chip sales, or $239.45 billion out of $446.1 billion. However, a large percentage are imported from multinational suppliers. In 2020, imports took up 83.38% ($199.7 billion) of total chip sales. In response, the country has launched a number of initiatives to close the gap, including investing $150 billion into its domestic IC industry, with a "Made in China 2025" goal of 70% domestic production.

China leads the world in terms of number of new fabs under construction, with 8 out of 19 worldwide in 2021, and 17 fabs in total are expected to start construction from 2021 to 2023. Total installed capacity of Chinese-owned chipmakers will also increase from 2.96 million wafers per month (wpm) in 2020 to 3.572 million wpm in 2021.

Substantial investments were made in the manufacture of solar panels and wind generators by a number of companies, supported by liberal loans by banks and local governments. However, by 2012 manufacturing capacity had far outstripped domestic and global demand for both products, particularly solar panels, which were subjected to anti-dumping penalties by both the United States and Europe. The global oversupply has resulted in bankruptcies and production cutbacks both inside and outside China. China has budgeted $50billion to subsidize production of solar power over the two decades following 2015 but, even at the sharply reduced price resulting from oversupply, as of 2012 cost of solar power in China remained three times that of power produced by conventional coal-fired power plants.

The output of China"s services in 2015 ranks second worldwide after the United States. High power and telecom density has ensured that the country has remained on a high-growth trajectory over the long term. In 2015 the services sector produced 52.9% of China"s annual GDP, second only to manufacturing. However, its proportion of GDP is still low compared to the ratio in more developed countries, and the agricultural sector still employs a larger workforce.

Prior to the onset of economic reforms in 1978, China"s services sector was characterized by state-operated shops, rationing, and regulated prices – with reform came private markets, individual entrepreneurs, and a commercial sector. The wholesale and retail trade has expanded quickly, with numerous shopping malls, retail shops, restaurant chains and hotels constructed in urban areas. Public administration remains a main component of the service sector, while tourism has become a significant factor in employment and a source of foreign exchange.

China"s number of Internet users or netizens topped 137 million by the end of 2006,Ministry of Information Industry (MII). China"s mobile phone penetration rate was 34% in 2007. In 2006, mobile phone users sent 429 billion text messages (on average 967 text messages per user). For 2006, the number of fixed-lines grew by 79%, mainly in the rural areas.

China hosts the world"s largest number of World Heritage Sites (55). China"s tourism industry is one of the fastest-growing industries in the national economy