small lcd screen tv free sample

The best budget flat-screen TV we"ve tested is the Hisense U6H. It"s a great TV for most uses, with excellent contrast, outstanding black uniformity, and a decent local dimming feature, meaning it looks great in a dark room as blacks look deep and uniform. However, there"s more blooming than the Mini LED backlight of the Hisense U8H. It has decent reflection handling and is plenty bright enough to overcome glare in a bright room. It has impressive upscaling with lower-resolution content, has great gradient handling, and can display a very good wide color gamut.

It"s an impressive gaming TV with a great response time, resulting in clear motion with just a bit of blur behind fast-moving objects. It has low input lag for a responsive gaming experience. Unlike the more expensive models on this list, like the Hisense U8H, it"s limited to a 60Hz refresh rate and doesn"t support advanced gaming features like variable refresh rates or HDMI 2.1 bandwidth, so it"s better suited for casual gamers that prefer impressive visuals over the best motion handling.

Shopping for a new TV is like wading through a never-ending pool of tech jargon, display terminology, and head-spinning acronyms. It was one thing when 4K resolution landed in the homes of consumers, with TV brands touting the new UHD viewing spec as a major marketing grab. But over the last several years, the plot has only continued to thicken when it comes to three- and four-letter acronyms with the introduction of state-of-the-art lighting and screen technology. But between OLEDs, QLEDs, mini-LEDs, and now QD-OLEDs, there’s one battle of words that rests at the core of TV vocabulary: LED versus LCD.

Despite having a different acronym, LED TV is just a specific type of LCD TV, which uses a liquid crystal display (LCD) panel to control where light is displayed on your screen. These panels are typically composed of two sheets of polarizing material with a liquid crystal solution between them. When an electric current passes through the liquid, it causes the crystals to align, so that light can (or can’t) pass through. Think of it as a shutter, either allowing light to pass through or blocking it out.

Since both LED and LCD TVs are based around LCD technology, the question remains: what is the difference? Actually, it’s about what the difference was. Older LCD TVs used cold cathode fluorescent lamps (CCFLs) to provide lighting, whereas LED LCD TVs used an array of smaller, more efficient light-emitting diodes (LEDs) to illuminate the screen.

Since the technology is better, all LCD TVs now use LED lights and are colloquially considered LED TVs. For those interested, we’ll go deeper into backlighting below, or you can move onto the Local Dimming section.

Three basic illumination forms have been used in LCD TVs: CCFL backlighting, full-array LED backlighting, and LED edge lighting. Each of these illumination technologies is different from one another in important ways. Let’s dig into each.

CCFL backlighting is an older, now-abandoned form of display technology in which a series of cold cathode lamps sit across the inside of the TV behind the LCD. The lights illuminate the crystals fairly evenly, which means all regions of the picture will have similar brightness levels. This affects some aspects of picture quality, which we discuss in more detail below. Since CCFLs are larger than LED arrays, CCFL-based LCD TVs are thicker than LED-backlit LCD TVs.

Full-array backlighting swaps the outdated CCFLs for an array of LEDs spanning the back of the screen, comprising zones of LEDs that can be lit or dimmed in a process called local dimming. TVs using full-array LED backlighting to make up a healthy chunk of the high-end LED TV market, and with good reason — with more precise and even illumination, they can create better picture quality than CCFL LCD TVs were ever able to achieve, with better energy efficiency to boot.

Another form of LCD screen illumination is LED edge lighting. As the name implies, edge-lit TVs have LEDs along the edges of a screen. There are a few different configurations, including LEDs along just the bottom, LEDs on the top and bottom, LEDs left and right, and LEDs along all four edges. These different configurations result in picture quality differences, but the overall brightness capabilities still exceed what CCFL LCD TVs could achieve. While there are some drawbacks to edge lighting compared to full-array or direct backlight displays, the upshot is edge lighting that allows manufacturers to make thinner TVs that cost less to manufacture.

To better close the local-dimming quality gap between edge-lit TVs and full-array back-lit TVs, manufacturers like Sony and Samsung developed their own advanced edge lighting forms. Sony’s technology is known as “Slim Backlight Master Drive,” while Samsung has “Infinite Array” employed in its line of QLED TVs. These keep the slim form factor achievable through edge-lit design and local dimming quality more on par with full-array backlighting.

Local dimming is a feature of LED LCD TVs wherein the LED light source behind the LCD is dimmed and illuminated to match what the picture demands. LCDs can’t completely prevent light from passing through, even during dark scenes, so dimming the light source itself aids in creating deeper blacks and more impressive contrast in the picture. This is accomplished by selectively dimming the LEDs when that particular part of the picture — or region — is intended to be dark.

Local dimming helps LED/LCD TVs more closely match the quality of modern OLED displays, which feature better contrast levels by their nature — something CCFL LCD TVs couldn’t do. The quality of local dimming varies depending on which type of backlighting your LCD uses, how many individual zones of backlighting are employed, and the quality of the processing. Here’s an overview of how effective local dimming is on each type of LCD TV.

TVs with full-array backlighting have the most accurate local dimming and therefore tend to offer the best contrast. Since an array of LEDs spans the entire back of the LCD screen, regions can generally be dimmed with more finesse than on edge-lit TVs, and brightness tends to be uniform across the entire screen. Hisense’s impressive U7G TVs are great examples of relatively affordable models that use multiple-zone, full-array backlighting with local dimming.

Because edge lighting employs LEDs positioned on the edge or edges of the screen to project light across the back of the LCD screen, as opposed to coming from directly behind it, it can result in very subtle blocks or bands of lighter pixels within or around areas that should be dark. The local dimming of edge-lit TVs can sometimes result in some murkiness in dark areas compared with full-array LED TVs. It should also be noted that not all LED edge-lit TVs offer local dimming, which is why it is not uncommon to see glowing strips of light at the edges of a TV and less brightness toward the center of the screen.

Since CCFL backlit TVs do not use LEDs, models with this lighting style do not have dimming abilities. Instead, the LCD panel of CCFL LCDs is constantly and evenly illuminated, making a noticeable difference in picture quality compared to LED LCDs. This is especially noticeable in scenes with high contrast, as the dark portions of the picture may appear too bright or washed out. When watching in a well-lit room, it’s easier to ignore or miss the difference, but in a dark room, it will be, well, glaring.

Because they don’t require a separate light source, OLED displays are also amazingly thin — often just a few millimeters. OLED panels are often found on high-end TVs in place of LED/LCD technology, but that doesn’t mean that LED/LCDs aren’t without their own premium technology.

QLED is a premium tier of LED/LCD TVs from Samsung. Unlike OLED displays, QLED is not a so-called emissive display technology (lights still illuminate QLED pixels from behind). However, QLED TVs feature an updated illumination technology over regular LED LCDs in the form of Quantum Dot material (hence the “Q” in QLED), which raises overall efficiency and brightness. This translates to better, brighter grayscale and color and enhances HDR (High Dynamic Range) abilities.

And now to make things extra confusing, part of Samsung’s 2022 TV lineup is being billed as traditional OLEDs, although a deeper dive will reveal this is actually the company’s first foray into a new panel technology altogether called QD-OLED.

For a further description of QLED and its features, read our list of the best TVs you can buy. The article further compares the qualities of both QLED and OLED TV; however, we also recommend checking outfor a side-by-side look at these two top-notch technologies.

There are more even displays to become familiar with, too, including microLED and Mini-LED, which are lining up to be the latest head-to-head TV technologies. Consider checking out how the two features compare to current tech leaders in

In the world of TV technology, there’s never a dull moment. However, with this detailed research, we hope you feel empowered to make an informed shopping decision and keep your Best Buy salesperson on his or her toes.

Shopping for a new TV ? Or, maybe you"re moving into a new place, and you need TVs for the living room or bedroom? Perhaps you"re upgrading your home theater? Before you decide which TV is the best buy for you, do some research. Learn about the latest technologies, features and benefits, from dolby vision to roku smart tv to QLED and more. Think about practical considerations including screen size, picture quality, and where you"ll place your TV -- will it be a wall mounted flat screen in the bedroom or a freestanding smart TV in the living room? Once you identify what you"re looking for, it"ll be easier to find the best TV set for you. The TV experts at Sam"s Club are here to help you decide which TVs will work with your current setup as well as which ones have the special features you"re most interested in. Continue reading to learn more about the full array of best TVs available at Sam"s Club from top rated brands like Philips, Samsung, Sony, and Vizio And, be sure to check out the

Although similarly named, LED TVs and OLED TVs differ in terms of pixel illumination technology. Each pixel on an OLED TV screen is individually lit, boosting the screen"s refresh rate, contrast and color reproduction. On the other hand, the pixels on LED TV screens are backlit by a primary light source and render a brighter screen. When it comes to resolution, you can find both LED and OLED TV in 4K, so the resolution will be top-notch either way.

Smart TVs integrate the functions of your tablet or computer with the broadcasting abilities of your TV. Smart TVs offer easy access to interactive media, streaming entertainment, home networking and internet TV. Plus, Smart TVs connect to external devices, such as video game consoles and media players and come with integrated wireless capabilities. Are you really into YouTube videos? How about watching movies that you have saved on your computer? With a Smart TV, it"s easy to watch online videos and other content on your TV instead of a small computer or tablet screen. And, if you like the idea of all the technology in your home being connected, a Smart TV is the way to go.

Curved TVs are designed with a curved screen that angles towards the viewer for a greater sense of immersion and depth. You"ll enjoy wider viewing and an improved contrast ratio on these panoramic screens. You may also notice fewer reflections, which can improve the viewing experience. Curved TVs also add sleek, elegant style to any entertainment area. If you want a futuristic look for your home entertainment system, consider purchasing a curved TV at Sam"s Club!

Quantum Dot + HDR TVs are similar to LED-backlit LCD TVs, but Quantum Dot TV screens are backlit by blue LEDs, rather than white LEDs. Blue LEDs convert light into highly saturated primary colors, which makes an impressive difference when it comes to hue and color gamut. You"ll enjoy brilliant imagery and vivid luminosity.

Once you decide on the TV type that suits your viewing needs, you"ll find the perfect TV set at Sam"s Club. We carry all the top TV brands, including VIZIO TVs, Samsung TVs, LG TVs and TCL TVs. Start exploring our wide selection of high-quality TVs today. At Sam"s Club, they"re all available at member-only prices.

After you"ve chosen the perfect TV for your home, it"s time to move onto the fun part‚Äîchoosing accessoriesÄù to complete your home theater setup. There are quite a few accessories to choose from. One consideration is how your TV Television will be mounted or displayed. Mounting TVs on the wall is becoming the standard, and for good reason. When you mount a TV on the wall, it eliminates the need for a TV stand, and it creates a clean, modern look. What"s more, when nobody is watching the TV, you can display photos or artwork, so it acts like a piece of decor. Sam"s Club has plenty of TV mounts and kits and TV mount Kits to choose from. Of course, if you prefer traditional TV stands and consoles, you"re sure to find one that"s just right.

To get the most out of your entertainment, consider integrating your TV with a high-quality home theater system or sound bar. With a home theater system, you"ll get crystal clear audio and the option to play DVD/Blu-ray players and other components wirelessly.

No matter what you purchase, make sure it"s protected through our Square Trade program. You"ll get setup for your TV and Sam’s Club has got you covered.

With an upgraded television, you can truly get the most out of movies, television shows, and gaming. The best flat screen TVs have the display, resolution, and features to fit your needs and budget.

The first thing to consider is display, or how the picture is created and lit. The most common type of television is LCD/LED, which uses LCD panels to produce the picture and LEDs to light it. The brandLG improved on that model with OLED TVs, which have panels that create and light the picture at the same time, making for an option that’s higher quality but more expensive. There are also Samsung QLED and Hisense ULED televisions, which work like LCD/LED televisions, but with some additional proprietary features. In addition to the display type, some models also have HDR, which shows a brighter and darker gamut of colors.

Another important feature is resolution, which refers to the number of pixels (p) the screen has. The more pixels, the clearer the image. High-definition televisions start at 720p,which indicates the number of rows of pixels. There are also 1080p televisions, and 4K (or 2160p) televisions, which have four times more pixels than 1080p. To get the most of your 4K television, you’ll need to watch 4K content, but the unit will also upscale lower resolution content to give you a better picture. And finally, that leaves the highest resolution television: 8K. Unfortunately, there is very little content shot in 8K now, so if you buy one, it’s an investment in the future.

Finally, consider what other features you want in a television. Some models have built-in streaming platforms like Roku or FireTV, and some have game modes that are designed to decrease lag. TVs also come in a huge range of sizes, from 32-inch screens that are great for bedrooms, to giant 85-inch screens for your living room.

If you’re looking for a television with great image, this 65-inch LG smart flat screen is the pick for you. It not only has 4K resolution, but also an OLED screen design, which can produce richer dark tones and colorsfor the best picture. This flat screen is also a smart TV with LG’s webOS platform, which can be used to access streaming sites like Netflix and Amazon, as well as over 180 free channels. To navigate this platform and other options on the TV, you can use the included magic remote, which has both motion control and voice control, so you can easily operate your TV whichever way is best.

One fan raved: “Decided I needed a 2nd TV so I purchased this to replace my older OLED55B7A (2017 model). I"m once again stunned by just how good OLED looks and the new gaming related features are a welcome addition.”Available sizes: 4

If you’re looking for a 4K TV but don’t think OLED is worth the price tag, check out this 4K TCL flat screen. It uses LCD and LED panels, but still creates a great picture with better brightness and a wider color range thanks to the quantum dot technology. It also has built-in Roku, so you can access all your favorite streaming platforms, like Netflix and Hulu, and you can rent movies, watch free channels, and more. If you’re more of a gamer, you’ll appreciate that it also has four HDMI ports and a THX-certified game mode that reduces image smear and lag. But whether you’re playing games or watching movies, sound is always important, which is why this TV is also available as a bundle with a matching sound bar.

One fan raved: “The quality difference between this 4K TV and our older HD TV is amazing. I"ve watched movies (both broadcast and streaming), sports (football, soccer, and golf), and live broadcast and all are significantly improved... and none of this is native 4K content. Can"t wait to try that.”Available sizes: 4

This TCL flat screen not only comes at a great price for it’s size, but it’s also a fan favorite on Amazon with over 40,000 five star ratings. It has a 1080p resolution, which is still high-definition, but comes at a better price point than 4K TVs, which is one of the reasons this TV costs under $300. Like the previous TCL flat screen, this one comes with built-in Roku, which lets you access your favorite streaming platforms as well as over 5000 Roku channels. I have this television and have always found the Roku platform to be very useful and easy to use. This TV is also easy to navigate because you can use your Amazon Alexa or Google Assistant to control it, or the included remote.

One fan raved: “This is easily the best choice on the market if you"re looking for an affordable smart TV. Amazing picture quality, great contrast and responsive UI.”Available sizes: 4

This smart flat screen is not only more slight in size, measuring 32-inches, but it’s also the least expensive pick on the list, costing under $150. However, it still has great smart functions, thanks to the built-in Fire TV, which has live over-the-air channels, thousands of streaming channels, and over 500,000 movies. The included remote also has built-in Alexa, so you can navigate your TV without having to type everything in manually. This flat screen has a 720p resolution, which is high-definition and good enough for the smaller screen size, and it has three HDMI ports, so you can plug in your favorite devices.

One fan raved: “32" Toshiba was easy to set-up (I"m an old man who is not exactly expert at set-ups). So easy it"s like it was made for Amazon Prime and Netflix. The reason I got it is because my son bought one about a year ago and he is still really happy with it. I put the TV in my work from home office with a sound bar hooked up via the TV"s optical output. I liked is so much I purchased another for my bed room with some wireless headphones via optical output. Works swimmingly. [...] Could not be more satisfied with these TVs.”Available sizes: 2

If you plan to use your flat screen primarily for gaming and don’t want to spring for an OLED, this Hisense ULED TV is an excellent choice. It has two HDMI 2.0 ports and two HDMI 2.1 ports, so it can support all your favorite devices (including the next-gen ones like Playstation 5, which require HDMI 2.1 ports for the higher frame rate). This flat screen also has Ultra Motion and 120Hz native refresh rate for smoother gaming, and PC magazine tested it and found that it has a low input lag rate, so you can play at the top of your game. However, this television isn’t just good for gaming; it also has a 4K design and quantum dot wide color gamut to give you a great picture for watching movies and shows too.

One fan raved: “East to set up with the stand. The TV set up with the android set up was very simple. The picture had me questioning why some spend more on a better brand name. I’ve tested this with hdr gaming. DolbyVision movies, hdr10 movies and surprisingly the Amazon app supplies hdr10+ movies. Each setting blew me away. Couldn’t be happier with my purchase”Available size: 2

To get the movie theater experience at home, you need an extra-large flat screen, like this one from TCL that measures a whopping 85-inches. It has a 4K design, so you get a great picture even on the larger screen, and it has HDR to give you brighter and more accurate colors. Like the other TCL picks, this television is integrated with Roku, so you can access streaming channels and more without an additional device. To navigate all through the platform, you can use the included remote or download the Roku mobile app on your phone, which also has a voice control feature.

One fan raved: “This TV is just about as large as you"d think, and it looks great. The TV comes with the standard Roku interface, which includes Netflix, Amazon Prime, Disney+, and the other common streaming services. It"s just the same as any other Roku TV that I"ve owned, but huge! Dimensions that you"ll care about: Height, including stand: 3" 11" Horizontal Width: 75" Depth of stand: 17"”Available sizes: 6

Enjoy shows and movies on your porch, by the pool, or in your backyard with this outdoor flat screen. It has an IP54 rating, meaning that it is protected against both dust and splashing water, and it has a sealed media bay in the back to protect the ports. While this TV can withstand the outdoors, it also provides a great picture thanks to the 4K resolution, high brightness, and anti-glare screen design, so it will feel just like when you watch TV inside. If you’re worried about the idea of having a TV outside, you may be comforted to know this one comes with a one-year warranty.

One fan raved: “Installed tv poolside 2 weeks ago to be able to view from hot tub or while in pool. I get full sun from 6-11 am in are and partial sun the remainder of the day. The product fulfilled its promise as a partial sun tv where I had no problems seeing images and no glare in partial sun environment. Unit has take rain multiple times no problems. Seems solidly built. At almost 1/2 price of competitors I think it’s worth a look from consumers. Picture quality is all I need it to be. I have Streamed through fire hd and Apple TV on it so far.”Available sizes: 4

If you want the best possible picture, you need this Samsung flat screen, which has 8K resolution, giving you four times as many pixels as 4K and 16 times as many as 1080p screens. Even if you’re not watching 8K content, this television has AI upscaling, which will intelligently upgrade lower resolution content to give it 8K detail. It also has HDR 10, which provides deeper colors and more clarity, and it uses quantum dots to provide a more accurate picture. Once you’re done watching, you can turn on this television’s ambient mode, which gives a more enticing visual than just a black screen to help it blend in, even though it’s so large.

One fan raved: “Amazing TV! Looks great at a close viewing distance. I have this as the screen for my home theater and I sit about 6-8 feet away from the screen and it is the best TV picture I have ever seen. I previously had an LG OLED and this blows it away. I don’t know of 8K content but this makes 4K look even better. You also cannot see any pixels even up close looking for them. The power of this TV is in its processor. I use this as a gaming monitor connected to my XIDAX PC and it looks simply stunning. Looks better than my iMac 5K monitor and is extremely responsive”Available sizes: 4

Once you decide which flat screen you want, hang it up on your wall with this easy-to-install TV mount. Hugely popular on Amazon, it has over 50,000 five-star reviews, with 95% of all reviews being four stars or higher. It works for most 37-to-70-inch TVs, with a maximum VESA size of 600 by 400 millimeters and a maximum weight of 132 pounds. It can tilt forward 8 degrees to help reduce glare, and it only measures 1.5 inches off the wall for a sleek look. Just be sure to mount your TV on studs because it won’t be secure if you mount it on drywall.

One fan raved: “We had just bought a new 50" TV for our bedroom but were very nervous about mounting it on the wall. As an [amateur] at this sort of thing, you always know that one false move with these new and very delicate TV"s could throw your investment right out the window. But the Mounting Dream was easy to install and made hanging the TV quick and simple. I like the straps that allow you to mount and lock in. They remain in place to be used for un locking when removing the unit . You don"t see them but you can reach under the bottom of the TV and there they are.”Available sizes: 2

Television, sometimes shortened to TV, is a telecommunication medium for transmitting moving images and sound. The term can refer to a television set, or the medium of television transmission. Television is a mass medium for advertising, entertainment, news, and sports.

The availability of various types of archival storage media such as Betamax and VHS tapes, LaserDiscs, high-capacity hard disk drives, CDs, DVDs, flash drives, high-definition HD DVDs and Blu-ray Discs, and cloud digital video recorders has enabled viewers to watch pre-recorded material—such as movies—at home on their own time schedule. For many reasons, especially the convenience of remote retrieval, the storage of television and video programming now also occurs on the cloud (such as the video-on-demand service by Netflix). At the end of the first decade of the 2000s, digital television transmissions greatly increased in popularity. Another development was the move from standard-definition television (SDTV) (576i, with 576 interlaced lines of resolution and 480i) to high-definition television (HDTV), which provides a resolution that is substantially higher. HDTV may be transmitted in different formats: 1080p, 1080i and 720p. Since 2010, with the invention of smart television, Internet television has increased the availability of television programs and movies via the Internet through streaming video services such as Netflix, Amazon Prime Video, iPlayer and Hulu.

In 2013, 79% of the world"s households owned a television set.cathode-ray tube (CRT) screen displays with compact, energy-efficient, flat-panel alternative technologies such as LCDs (both fluorescent-backlit and LED), OLED displays, and plasma displays was a hardware revolution that began with computer monitors in the late 1990s. Most television sets sold in the 2000s were flat-panel, mainly LEDs. Major manufacturers announced the discontinuation of CRT, Digital Light Processing (DLP), plasma, and even fluorescent-backlit LCDs by the mid-2010s.Web 2.0 functions became the dominant form of television by the late 2010s.

The slang term telly is more common in the UK. The slang term "the tube" or the "boob tube" derives from the bulky cathode-ray tube used on most TVs until the advent of flat-screen TVs. Another slang term for the TV is "idiot box".

Also, in the 1940s and throughout the 1950s, during the early rapid growth of television programming and television set ownership in the United States, another slang term became widely used in that period and continues to be used today to distinguish productions originally created for broadcast on television from films developed for presentation in movie theaters.big screen" was used to identify productions made for theatrical release.

The first demonstration of the live transmission of images was by Georges Rignoux and A. Fournier in Paris in 1909. A matrix of 64 selenium cells, individually wired to a mechanical commutator, served as an electronic retina. In the receiver, a type of Kerr cell modulated the light and a series of differently angled mirrors attached to the edge of a rotating disc scanned the modulated beam onto the display screen. A separate circuit regulated synchronization. The 8x8 pixel resolution in this proof-of-concept demonstration was just sufficient to clearly transmit individual letters of the alphabet. An updated image was transmitted "several times" each second.

Herbert E. Ives and Frank Gray of Bell Telephone Laboratories gave a dramatic demonstration of mechanical television on 7 April 1927. Their reflected-light television system included both small and large viewing screens. The small receiver had a 2-inch-wide by 2.5-inch-high screen (5 by 6 cm). The large receiver had a screen 24 inches wide by 30 inches high (60 by 75 cm). Both sets could reproduce reasonably accurate, monochromatic, moving images. Along with the pictures, the sets received synchronized sound. The system transmitted images over two paths: first, a copper wire link from Washington to New York City, then a radio link from Whippany, New Jersey. Comparing the two transmission methods, viewers noted no difference in quality. Subjects of the telecast included Secretary of Commerce Herbert Hoover. A flying-spot scanner beam illuminated these subjects. The scanner that produced the beam had a 50-aperture disk. The disc revolved at a rate of 18 frames per second, capturing one frame about every 56 milliseconds. (Today"s systems typically transmit 30 or 60 frames per second, or one frame every 33.3 or 16.7 milliseconds respectively.) Television historian Albert Abramson underscored the significance of the Bell Labs demonstration: "It was in fact the best demonstration of a mechanical television system ever made to this time. It would be several years before any other system could even begin to compare with it in picture quality."

In 1928, WRGB, then W2XB, was started as the world"s first television station. It broadcast from the General Electric facility in Schenectady, NY. It was popularly known as "WGY Television". Meanwhile, in the Soviet Union, Léon Theremin had been developing a mirror drum-based television, starting with 16 lines resolution in 1925, then 32 lines and eventually 64 using interlacing in 1926. As part of his thesis, on 7 May 1926, he electrically transmitted, and then projected, near-simultaneous moving images on a 5-square-foot (0.46 m2) screen.

Because only a limited number of holes could be made in the disks, and disks beyond a certain diameter became impractical, image resolution on mechanical television broadcasts was relatively low, ranging from about 30 lines up to 120 or so. Nevertheless, the image quality of 30-line transmissions steadily improved with technical advances, and by 1933 the UK broadcasts using the Baird system were remarkably clear.Peck Television Corp. started in 1935 at station VE9AK in Montreal.image dissectors and other camera tubes and cathode-ray tubes for the reproducer) marked the start of the end for mechanical systems as the dominant form of television. Mechanical television, despite its inferior image quality and generally smaller picture, would remain the primary television technology until the 1930s. The last mechanical telecasts ended in 1939 at stations run by a lot of public universities in the United States.

In 1897, English physicist J. J. Thomson was able, in his three well-known experiments, to deflect cathode rays, a fundamental function of the modern cathode-ray tube (CRT). The earliest version of the CRT was invented by the German physicist Ferdinand Braun in 1897 and is also known as the "Braun" tube.cold-cathode diode, a modification of the Crookes tube, with a phosphor-coated screen. Braun was the first to conceive the use of a CRT as a display device.raster images for the first time in a CRT.Boris Rosing used a CRT in the receiving end of an experimental video signal to form a picture. He managed to display simple geometric shapes onto the screen.

In 1926, Hungarian engineer Kálmán Tihanyi designed a television system using fully electronic scanning and display elements and employing the principle of "charge storage" within the scanning (or "camera") tube.Hungary in March 1926 for a television system he called "Radioskop".RCA"s "iconoscope" in 1931, the U.S. patent for Tihanyi"s transmitting tube would not be granted until May 1939. The patent for his receiving tube had been granted the previous October. Both patents had been purchased by RCA prior to their approval.Kenjiro Takayanagi demonstrated a TV system with a 40-line resolution that employed a CRT display.

Early electronic television sets were large and bulky, with analog circuits made of vacuum tubes. Following the invention of the first working transistor at Bell Labs, Sony founder Masaru Ibuka predicted in 1952 that the transition to electronic circuits made of transistors would lead to smaller and more portable television sets.solid-state television set was the 8-inch Sony TV8-301, developed in 1959 and released in 1960.million portable television sets worldwide.

Scottish inventor John Logie Baird demonstrated the world"s first color transmission on 3 July 1928, using scanning discs at the transmitting and receiving ends with three spirals of apertures, each spiral with filters of a different primary color; and three light sources at the receiving end, with a commutator to alternate their illumination.Crystal Palace studios to a projection screen at London"s Dominion Theatre.Bell Laboratories in June 1929 using three complete systems of photoelectric cells, amplifiers, glow-tubes, and color filters, with a series of mirrors to superimpose the red, green, and blue images into one full color image.

As early as 1940, Baird had started work on a fully electronic system he called Telechrome. Early Telechrome devices used two electron guns aimed at either side of a phosphor plate. The phosphor was patterned so the electrons from the guns only fell on one side of the patterning or the other. Using cyan and magenta phosphors, a reasonable limited-color image could be obtained. He also demonstrated the same system using monochrome signals to produce a 3D image (called "stereoscopic" at the time). A demonstration on 16 August 1944 was the first example of a practical color television system. Work on the Telechrome continued and plans were made to introduce a three-gun version for full color. However, Baird"s untimely death in 1946 ended development of the Telechrome system.Geer tube was similar to Baird"s concept, but used small pyramids with the phosphors deposited on their outside faces, instead of Baird"s 3D patterning on a flat surface. The Penetron used three layers of phosphor on top of each other and increased the power of the beam to reach the upper layers when drawing those colors. The Chromatron used a set of focusing wires to select the colored phosphors arranged in vertical stripes on the tube.

In 1972, sales of color sets finally surpassed sales of black-and-white sets. Color broadcasting in Europe was not standardized on the PAL format until the 1960s, and broadcasts did not start until 1967. By this point many of the technical issues in the early sets had been worked out, and the spread of color sets in Europe was fairly rapid. By the mid-1970s, the only stations broadcasting in black-and-white were a few high-numbered UHF stations in small markets, and a handful of low-power repeater stations in even smaller markets such as vacation spots. By 1979, even the last of these had converted to color and, by the early 1980s, B&W sets had been pushed into niche markets, notably low-power uses, small portable sets, or for use as video monitor screens in lower-cost consumer equipment. By the late 1980s even these areas switched to color sets.

Digital television (DTV) is the transmission of audio and video by digitally processed and multiplexed signals, in contrast to the totally analog and channel separated signals used by analog television. Due to data compression, digital television can support more than one program in the same channel bandwidth.computers. It was not until the 1990s that digital television became possible.bandwidth requirements of uncompressed digital video,Mbit/s for a standard-definition television (SDTV) signal,Gbit/s for high-definition television (HDTV).

In the mid-1980s, as Japanese consumer electronics firms forged ahead with the development of HDTV technology, the MUSE analog format proposed by NHK, a Japanese company, was seen as a pacesetter that threatened to eclipse U.S. electronics companies" technologies. Until June 1990, the Japanese MUSE standard, based on an analog system, was the front-runner among the more than 23 other technical concepts under consideration. Then, a U.S. company, General Instrument, demonstrated the possibility of a digital television signal. This breakthrough was of such significance that the FCC was persuaded to delay its decision on an ATV standard until a digitally-based standard could be developed.

In March 1990, when it became clear that a digital standard was possible, the FCC made a number of critical decisions. First, the Commission declared that the new ATV standard must be more than an enhanced analog signal, but be able to provide a genuine HDTV signal with at least twice the resolution of existing television images.(7) Then, to ensure that viewers who did not wish to buy a new digital television set could continue to receive conventional television broadcasts, it dictated that the new ATV standard must be capable of being "simulcast" on different channels.(8)The new ATV standard also allowed the new DTV signal to be based on entirely new design principles. Although incompatible with the existing NTSC standard, the new DTV standard would be able to incorporate many improvements.

The last standards adopted by the FCC did not require a single standard for scanning formats, aspect ratios, or lines of resolution. This compromise resulted from a dispute between the consumer electronics industry (joined by some broadcasters) and the computer industry (joined by the film industry and some public interest groups) over which of the two scanning processes—interlaced or progressive—would be best suited for the newer digital HDTV compatible display devices.Liquid-crystal (LCD), for example, which are better suited to a more frequent progressive refresh rate.

Progressive scanning, the format that the computer industry had long adopted for computer display monitors, scans every line in sequence, from top to bottom. Progressive scanning in effect doubles the amount of data generated for every full screen displayed in comparison to interlaced scanning by painting the screen in one pass in 1/60-second, instead of two passes in 1/30-second. The computer industry argued that progressive scanning is superior because it does not "flicker" on the new standard of display devices in the manner of interlaced scanning. It also argued that progressive scanning enables easier connections with the Internet, and is more cheaply converted to interlaced formats than vice versa. The film industry also supported progressive scanning because it offered a more efficient means of converting filmed programming into digital formats. For their part, the consumer electronics industry and broadcasters argued that interlaced scanning was the only technology that could transmit the highest quality pictures then (and currently) feasible, i.e., 1,080 lines per picture and 1,920 pixels per line. Broadcasters also favored interlaced scanning because their vast archive of interlaced programming is not readily compatible with a progressive format. William F. Schreiber, who was director of the Advanced Television Research Program at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology from 1983 until his retirement in 1990, thought that the continued advocacy of interlaced equipment originated from consumer electronics companies that were trying to get back the substantial investments they made in the interlaced technology.

The advent of digital television allowed innovations like smart television sets. A smart television, sometimes referred to as connected TV or hybrid TV, is a television set or set-top box with integrated Internet and Web 2.0 features, and is an example of technological convergence between computers, television sets and set-top boxes. Besides the traditional functions of television sets and set-top boxes provided through traditional Broadcasting media, these devices can also provide Internet TV, online interactive media, over-the-top content, as well as on-demand streaming media, and home networking access. These TVs come pre-loaded with an operating system.

Smart TV should not to be confused with Internet TV, Internet Protocol television (IPTV) or with Web TV. Internet television refers to the receiving of television content over the Internet instead of by traditional systems—terrestrial, cable and satellite (although Internet itself is received by these methods). IPTV is one of the emerging Internet television technology standards for use by television networks. Web television (WebTV) is a term used for programs created by a wide variety of companies and individuals for broadcast on Internet TV. A first patent was filed in 1994

Programming is broadcast by television stations, sometimes called "channels", as stations are licensed by their governments to broadcast only over assigned channels in the television band. At first, terrestrial broadcasting was the only way television could be widely distributed, and because bandwidth was limited, i.e., there were only a small number of channels available, government regulation was the norm. In the U.S., the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) allowed stations to broadcast advertisements beginning in July 1941, but required public service programming commitments as a requirement for a license. By contrast, the United Kingdom chose a different route, imposing a television license fee on owners of television reception equipment to fund the British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC), which had public service as part of its Royal Charter.

With the widespread adoption of cable across the United States in the 1970s and 1980s, terrestrial television broadcasts have been in decline; in 2013 it was estimated that about 7% of US households used an antenna.digital terrestrial television broadcasts, which offered pristine image quality over very large areas, and offered an alternative to cable television (CATV) for cord cutters. All other countries around the world are also in the process of either shutting down analog terrestrial television or switching over to digital terrestrial television.

Cable television is a system of broadcasting television programming to paying subscribers via radio frequency (RF) signals transmitted through coaxial cables or light pulses through fiber-optic cables. This contrasts with traditional terrestrial television, in which the television signal is transmitted over the air by radio waves and received by a television antenna attached to the television. In the 2000s, FM radio programming, high-speed Internet, telephone service, and similar non-television services may also be provided through these cables. The abbreviation CATV is sometimes used for cable television in the United States. It originally stood for Community Access Television or Community Antenna Television, from cable television"s origins in 1948: in areas where over-the-air reception was limited by distance from transmitters or mountainous terrain, large "community antennas" were constructed, and cable was run from them to individual homes.

The most common method of reception is direct-broadcast satellite television (DBSTV), also known as "direct to home" (DTH).direct broadcast satellite on the Ku wavelength and are completely digital.television receive-only. These systems received analog signals transmitted in the C-band spectrum from FSS type satellites, and required the use of large dishes. Consequently, these systems were nicknamed "big dish" systems, and were more expensive and less popular.

The direct-broadcast satellite television signals were earlier analog signals and later digital signals, both of which require a compatible receiver. Digital signals may include high-definition television (HDTV). Some transmissions and channels are free-to-air or free-to-view, while many other channels are pay television requiring a subscription.Arthur C. Clarke proposed a worldwide communications system which would function by means of three satellites equally spaced apart in earth orbit.Franklin Institute"s Stuart Ballantine Medal in 1963.

Internet television (Internet TV) (or online television) is the digital distribution of television content via the Internet as opposed to traditional systems like terrestrial, cable, and satellite, although the Internet itself is received by terrestrial, cable, or satellite methods. Internet television is a general term that covers the delivery of television series, and other video content, over the Internet by video streaming technology, typically by major traditional television broadcasters. Internet television should not be confused with Smart TV, IPTV or with Web TV. Smart television refers to the television set which has a built-in operating system. Internet Protocol television (IPTV) is one of the emerging Internet television technology standards for use by television networks. Web television is a term used for programs created by a wide variety of companies and individuals for broadcast on Internet television.

A television set, also called a television receiver, television, TV set, TV, or "telly", is a device that combines a tuner, display, an amplifier, and speakers for the purpose of viewing television and hearing its audio components. Introduced in the late 1920s in mechanical form, television sets became a popular consumer product after World War II in electronic form, using cathode-ray tubes. The addition of color to broadcast television after 1953 further increased the popularity of television sets and an outdoor antenna became a common feature of suburban homes. The ubiquitous television set became the display device for recorded media in the 1970s, such as Betamax and VHS, which enabled viewers to record TV shows and watch prerecorded movies. In the subsequent decades, Television sets were used to watch DVDs and Blu-ray Discs of movies and other content. Major TV manufacturers announced the discontinuation of CRT, DLP, plasma and fluorescent-backlit LCDs by the mid-2010s. Televisions since 2010s mostly use LEDs.

The cathode-ray tube (CRT) is a vacuum tube containing one or more electron guns (a source of electrons or electron emitter) and a fluorescent screen used to view images.waveforms (oscilloscope), pictures (television, computer monitor), radar targets or others. The CRT uses an evacuated glass envelope which is large, deep (i.e. long from front screen face to rear end), fairly heavy, and relatively fragile. As a matter of safety, the face is typically made of thick lead glass so as to be highly shatter-resistant and to block most X-ray emissions, particularly if the CRT is used in a consumer product.

Digital Light Processing (DLP) is a type of video projector technology that uses a digital micromirror device. Some DLPs have a TV tuner, which makes them a type of TV display. It was originally developed in 1987 by Dr. Larry Hornbeck of Texas Instruments. While the DLP imaging device was invented by Texas Instruments, the first DLP based projector was introduced by Digital Projection Ltd in 1997. Digital Projection and Texas Instruments were both awarded Emmy Awards in 1998 for invention of the DLP projector technology. DLP is used in a variety of display applications from traditional static displays to interactive displays and also non-traditional embedded applications including medical, security, and industrial uses. DLP technology is used in DLP front projectors (standalone projection units for classrooms and business primarily), but also in private homes; in these cases, the image is projected onto a projection screen. DLP is also used in DLP rear projection television sets and digital signs. It is also used in about 85% of digital cinema projection.

A plasma display panel (PDP) is a type of flat panel display common to large television displays 30 inches (76 cm) or larger. They are called "plasma" displays because the technology uses small cells containing electrically charged ionized gases, or what are in essence chambers more commonly known as fluorescent lamps.

Liquid-crystal-display televisions (LCD TV) are television sets that use LCD display technology to produce images. LCD televisions are much thinner and lighter than cathode-ray tube (CRTs) of similar display size, and are available in much larger sizes (e.g., 90-inch diagonal). When manufacturing costs fell, this combination of features made LCDs practical for television receivers. LCDs come in two types: those using cold cathode fluorescent lamps, simply called LCDs and those using LED as backlight called as LEDs.

In 2007, LCD television sets surpassed sales of CRT-based television sets worldwide for the first time, and their sales figures relative to other technologies accelerated. LCD television sets have quickly displaced the only major competitors in the large-screen market, the Plasma display panel and rear-projection television.OLEDs, FED and SED, but as of 2014

An OLED (organic light-emitting diode) is a light-emitting diode (LED) in which the emissive electroluminescent layer is a film of organic compound which emits light in response to an electric current. This layer of organic semiconductor is situated between two electrodes. Generally, at least one of these electrodes is transparent. OLEDs are used to create digital displays in devices such as television screens. It is also used for computer monitors, portable systems such as mobile phones, handheld game consoles and PDAs.

There are two main groups of OLED: those based on small molecules and those employing polymers. Adding mobile ions to an OLED creates a light-emitting electrochemical cell or LEC, which has a slightly different mode of operation. OLED displays can use either passive-matrix (PMOLED) or active-matrix (AMOLED) addressing schemes. Active-matrix OLEDs require a thin-film transistor backplane to switch each individual pixel on or off, but allow for higher resolution and larger display sizes.

An OLED display works without a backlight. Thus, it can display deep black levels and can be thinner and lighter than a liquid crystal display (LCD). In low ambient light conditions such as a dark room an OLED screen can achieve a higher contrast ratio than an LCD, whether the LCD uses cold cathode fluorescent lamps or LED backlight. OLEDs are expected to replace other forms of display in near future.

Low-definition television or LDTV refers to television systems that have a lower screen resolution than standard-definition television systems such 240p (320*240). It is used in handheld television. The most common source of LDTV programming is the Internet, where mass distribution of higher-resolution video files could overwhelm computer servers and take too long to download. Many mobile phones and portable devices such as Apple"s iPod Nano, or Sony"s PlayStation Portable use LDTV video, as higher-resolution files would be excessive to the needs of their small screens (320×240 and 480×272 pixels respectively). The current generation of iPod Nanos have LDTV screens, as do the first three generations of iPod Touch and iPhone (480×320). For the first years of its existence, YouTube offered only one, low-definition resolution of 320x240p at 30fps or less. A standard, consumer grade videotape can be considered SDTV due to its resolution (approximately 360 × 480i/576i).

Standard-definition television or SDTV refers to two different resolutions: 576i, with 576 interlaced lines of resolution, derived from the European-developed PAL and SECAM systems; and 480i based on the American National Television System Committee NTSC system. SDTV is a television system that uses a resolution that is not considered to be either high-definition television (720p, 1080i, 1080p, 1440p, 4K UHDTV, and 8K UHD) or enhanced-definition television (EDTV 480p). In North America, digital SDTV is broadcast in the same 4:3 aspect ratio as NTSC signals with widescreen content being center cut.16:9 aspect ratio, with the transition occurring between the mid-1990s and mid-2000s. Older programs with a 4:3 aspect ratio are shown in the United States as 4:3 with non-ATSC countries preferring to reduce the horizontal resolution by anamorphically scaling a pillarboxed image.

Ultra-high-definition television (also known as Super Hi-Vision, Ultra HD television, UltraHD, UHDTV, or UHD) includes 4K UHD (2160p) and 8K UHD (4320p), which are two digital video formats proposed by NHK Science & Technology Research Laboratories and defined and approved by the International Telecommunication Union (ITU). The Consumer Electronics Association announced on 17 October 2012, that "Ultra High Definition", or "Ultra HD", would be used for displays that have an aspect ratio of at least 16:9 and at least one digital input capable of carrying and presenting natural video at a minimum resolution of 3840×2160 pixels.

Getting TV programming shown to the public can happen in many other ways. After production, the next step is to market and deliver the product to whichever markets are open to using it. This typically happens on two levels:

First-run programming is increasing on subscription services outside of the United States, but few domestically produced programs are syndicated on domestic free-to-air (FTA) elsewhere. This practice is increasing, however, generally on digital-only FTA channels or with subscriber-only, first-run material appearing on FTA. Unlike United States, repeat FTA screenings of an FTA network program usually only occur on that network. Also, affiliates rarely buy or produce non-network programming that is not focused on local programming.

Around the world, broadcast television is financed by government, advertising, licensing (a form of tax), subscription, or any combination of these. To protect revenues, subscription television channels are usually encrypted to ensure that only subscribers receive the decryption codes to see the signal. Unencrypted channels are known as free to air or FTA. In 2009, the global TV market represented 1,217.2 million TV households with at least one TV and total revenues of 268.9 billion EUR (declining 1.2% compared to 2008).

The first official, paid television advertisement was broadcast in the United States on 1 July 1941, over New York station WNBT (now WNBC) before a baseball game between the Brooklyn Dodgers and Philadelphia Phillies. The announcement for Bulova watches, for which the company paid anywhere from $4.00 to $9.00 (reports vary), displayed a WNBT test pattern modified to look like a clock with the hands showing the time. The Bulova logo, with the phrase "Bulova Watch Time", was shown in the lower right-hand quadrant of the test pattern while the second hand swept around the dial for one minute.ITV on 22 September 1955, advertising Gibbs SR toothpaste. The first TV ad broadcast in Asia was on Nippon Television in Tokyo on 28 August 1953, advertising Seikosha (now Seiko), which also displayed a clock with the current time.

U.S. advertising rates are determined primarily by Nielsen ratings. The time of the day and popularity of the channel determine how much a TV commercial can cost. For example, it can cost approximately $750,000 for a 30-second block of commercial time during the highly popular singing competition Super Bowl can cost several million dollars. Conversely, lesser-viewed time slots, such as early mornings and weekday afternoons, are often sold in bulk to producers of infomercials at far lower rates. In recent years, the paid program or infomercial has become common, usually in lengths of 30 minutes or one hour. Some drug companies and other businesses have even created "news" items for broadcast, known in the industry as video news releases, paying program directors to use them.

The TV regulator oversees TV advertising in the United Kingdom. Its restrictions have applied since the early days of commercially funded TV. Despite this, an early TV mogul, Roy Thomson, likened the broadcasting licence as being a "licence to print money".ITV, Channel 4, and Channel 5 can show an average of only seven minutes of advertising per hour (eight minutes in the peak period). Other broadcasters must average no more than nine minutes (twelve in the peak). This means that many imported TV shows from the U.S. have unnatural pauses where the British company does not use the narrative breaks intended for more frequent U.S. advertising. Advertisements must not be inserted in the course of certain specific proscribed types of programs which last less than half an hour in scheduled duration; this list includes any news or current affairs programs, documentaries, and programs for children; additionally, advertisements may not be carried in a program designed and broadcast for reception in schools or in any religious broadcasting service or other devotional program or during a formal Royal ceremony or occasion. There also must be clear demarcations in time between the programs and the advertisements. The BBC, being strictly non-commercial, is not allowed to show advertisements on television in the U.K., although it has many advertising-funded channels abroad. The majority of its budget comes from television license fees (see below) and broadcast syndication, the sale of content to other broadcasters.

Some TV channels are partly funded from subscriptions; therefore, the signals are encrypted during broadcast to ensure that only the paying subscribers have access to the decryption codes to watch pay television or specialty channels. Most subscription services are also funded by advertising.

The British Broadcasting Corporation"s TV service carries no television advertising on its UK channels and is funded by an annual television licence paid by the occupiers of premises receiving live telecasts. As of 2012Freeview.

Broadcast programming, or TV listings in the United Kingdom, is the practice of organizing television programs in a schedule, with broadcast automation used to regularly change the scheduling of TV programs to build an audience for a new show, retain that audience, or compete with other broadcasters" programs.

Children, especially those aged 5 or younger, are at risk of injury from falling televisions.CRT-style television that falls on a child will, because of its weight, hit with the equivalent force of falling multiple stories from a building.flat-screen televisions are "top-heavy and have narrow bases", which means that a small child can easily pull one over.emergency care.

With high lead content in CRTs and the rapid diffusion of new flat-panel display technologies, some of which (LCDs) use lamps which contain mercury, there is growing concern about electronic waste from discarded televisions. Related occupational health concerns exist, as well, for disassemblers removing copper wiring and other materials from CRTs. Further environmental concerns related to television design and use relate to the devices" increasing electrical energy requirements.

Julie Jacobson (1 December 2012). "Mitsubishi Drops DLP Displays: Goodbye RPTVs Forever". Archived from the original on 26 March 2015. Retrieved 22 March 2015.

Smith, Harry (July 1953). "Multicon – A new TV camera tube". newspaper article. Early Television Foundation and Museum. Archived from the original on 18 March 2010. Retrieved 15 January 2010.

Early Television Museum. "TV Camera Tubes, German "Super Iconoscope" (1936)". photographic album. Early Television Foundation and Museum. Archived from the original on 17 June 2011. Retrieved 15 January 2010.

Childs, William R.; Martin, Scott B.; Stitt-Gohdes, Wanda (2004). Business and Industry: Savings and investment options to telecommuting. Marshall Cavendish. p. 1217. ISBN 9780761474395. In 1952 Ibuka toured AT&T"s Bell Laboratories in the United States and saw the newly invented transistor. He realized that replacing the large, clumsy vacuum tube with the transistor would make possible smaller, more portable radios and TVs.

Austin, W. M.; Dean, J. A.; Griswold, D. M.; Hart, O. P. (November 1966). "TV Applications of MOS Transistors". IEEE Transactions on Broadcast and Television Receivers. 12 (4): 68–76. doi:10.1109/TBTR1.1966.4320029.

Barbero, M.; Hofmann, H.; Wells, N. D. (14 November 1991). "DCT source coding and current implementations for HDTV". EBU Technical Review. European Broadcasting Union (251): 22–33. Retrieved 4 November 2019.

Ferguson, RW; Mickalide, AD (December 2012). A Report to the Nation on Home Safety: The Dangers of TV Tip-Overs (PDF). Washington, D.C.: Safe Kids Worldwide. Archived (PDF) from the original on 6 September 2015.

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Choosing a new TV can be tricky. With so many options, where do you start? If you need help, check out this buying guide to the best OLED & LED flat-screen TVs.

With modern flat-screen televisions, there are so many choices to make – not to mention a confusing list of specifications and acronyms that make your spin.

Not only did they offer better picture quality, but these types of TV were thinner, lighter and easy to mount on the wall – and started the trend for larger and larger screen sizes.

But while the plasma TV was a little bulkier and more expensive, many believed it to have the best picture quality, so it was more popular with enthusiasts and home theater buffs.

Unfortunately, you’ll come across this quite a bit in the world of TVs – using new names and branding to make existing technology sound fresh and exciting.

Generally, an LED TV offers better value and a wider choice of screen sizes, whereas an OLED TV is more expensive, but many consider it to have the best picture quality.

Edge Lighting: the lights are arranged around the edge of the screen, directing the light across the back. They are also known as edge-lit TVs. The main advantage is the panel is usually cheap, thin and light. The main disadvantages are reduced black levels and inconsistent lighting across the screen.

Back Lighting: the lights are positioned in rows directly behind the screen. These TVs are also called backlit, direct-lit or f