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If you’re a part of the DIY community, you may have heard about Arduino and Raspberry Pi boards. At first glance, both devices look extremely similar and can even be used interchangeably for a handful of cool projects.

Meanwhile, the Arduino family consists mostly of microcontrollers, not SBCs. The only Raspberry Pi model that the Arduino can be compared to is the Raspberry Pi Pico, which is also a microcontroller rather than an SoC like the mainline Raspberry Pi boards. For the uninitiated, a microcontroller is an integrated circuit that sees more use as part of an embedded system and can’t be used as a standalone computer. And that brings us to the first difference between the two:

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The Raspberry Pi 5 is one of the most powerful consumer-grade SBCs out there. Sadly, its limited stock means you'll have a hard time finding one.

Currently I use a Billingham Hadley pro with camera and two or three prime lenses, some spare batteries a cable release and an l-bracket when using a tripod. Occasionally I will take a LEE filter set with me, but this is becoming less common due to the conditions that I prefer to photograph in and the capabilities of the camera. Having a simple setup and less to carry is a welcome positive of owning this camera. I use a yellow filter on the lens almost 100% of the time but do have orange and red filters in my bag if required. Because you can’t manipulate individual colour channels when editing M10M files a colour filter is used to control contrast the same as if using black and white film.

That said, if you’re into robotics or just want a cheap microcontroller to tinker with, I suggest picking up an Arduino. They also make for a great alternative if you just want to work with embedded systems or build projects centered around electronics and circuits.

The General Purpose Input Output (GPIO) pins are neat little interfaces that allow you to pair all types of HATs and sensor modules to extend the functionality of your Raspberry Pi. All mainline Raspberry Pi boards share the same 40 GPIO pin layout and can be used to control peripherals via the UART, SPI, and I2C buses.

Let’s get this out of the way first: the Arduino may look like a blue-colored Raspberry Pi, but the two can’t be any different in terms of hardware. For starters, the Raspberry Pi family is a single-board computer (SBC), that you can use as a general-purpose PC.

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If you’ve read any of our tutorials on the Raspberry Pi, you may have noticed that we start things off by writing operating system files onto a microSD card. Leaving the Raspberry Pi Pico aside, every other board from the RPi family includes a microSD card slot that lets you boot into an ARM-based OS. As such, you’re free to use a Raspberry Pi as a full-blown computer, making it better than an Arduino when you need to build complex projects that involve a more software and application-based approach.

The M10M provides me with the basic controls needed to produce a photograph. No gimmicks or features that are unnecessary to me. The technology contained within many cameras these days is incredible. An abundance of features provides people with huge creative possibilities for both photography and videography. The importance of photography and the skills required to make good photographs seems unfortunately to be of less interest to many people than discussions around the tools required to make them. I’m aware that this blog post is focused on my use of the M10M but rather than being a review of the camera I wanted to focus on how it suits my requirements for black and white photography.

The question of the Leica M’s suitability for Landscape photography was one that I considered carefully before moving to the system. At the time of deciding on whether to move to Leica I was using the Fujifilm GFX and had been extremely pleased with it. At the same time, I had been using a Leica M3 for street photography and family days out and started to really enjoy and look forward to using the camera. When the M10M was announced, it appeared on paper to be the perfect camera for me. I was given the opportunity to use both an M10 and M10M while on a trip to Glencoe in the Scottish Highlands. The experience with these cameras was brief but it became obvious to me, especially in the case of the M10M that it was a very special camera. I placed my pre-order for the camera a couple of days after returning home and put all my existing equipment up for sale.

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The camera isn’t weather sealed, but the build quality is exceptional. I’ve used the camera in wind, rain and storms and never had any issues. I wipe it off regularly and in heavy rain I use a cheap cover that I picked up online to keep most of the rain off. I had a wave crash over my head during a recent storm soaking my camera and lenses. I gave everything a wipe off when I got home to make sure the salt water was cleaned off and everything continued to work perfectly.

The M10 Monochrom is without doubt a superb camera and I have no regrets in choosing it as my tool of choice. Apart from the considerable cost which of course is a deciding factor for anyone purchasing a camera and the reduced battery life when using certain features as mentioned above.

I use my M10M for everything. I have so far found no limitations to what I can use the camera for. Family photos, street photography and landscape are al. With limited fps and telephoto lens choices it may not be the best choice for sports or wildlife photography but that’s not to say it couldn’t be used for that. You only have to look at Joshua Pauls Formula One photos made with a 100+ year old 4x5 view camera to see that the limitations of what’s possible, is usually dependant on the photographer and not the tool they are using.

Additionally, the newer Raspberry Pi boards usually come with 64-bit CPUs, with even the oldest members of the green SBC family shipping with at least a 32-bit chip. In contrast, the blue microcontroller family only possesses 8-bit processors.

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Having used both Arduino and Raspberry Pi, I’d say the latter is better for newcomers who want to get started with DIY projects. Sure, both are well-documented, have a huge community of enthusiasts and tinkerers backing them, and are useful for a variety of projects. However, the fact that you can use a Raspberry Pi as a computer makes it significantly more versatile than an Arduino board.

To sum up, the M10M and a set of lenses is small and easy to carry. Image quality is superb even at high ISO and the build quality is good enough that you can use the camera in all conditions. An M-series camera may not suit everyone for the pupose of landscape photography but there is no denying that it is more than capable.

With the Raspberry Pi being close to an actual computer, the SBC family includes quite a lot of ports and connections. Depending on your particular model, you can get as many as four USB sockets, two display outputs, an Ethernet jack, and an AUX jack. You’ll also find DSI/CSI connectors, PoE ports, and several unusual interfaces on the popular SBC family, with the latest Raspberry Pi 5 bringing debug UART, BAT, and PCIe sockets to the table.

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For instance, the ultra-cheap Raspberry Pi Zero includes an ARM11 processor with a 1GHz clock speed. In comparison, the most powerful Arduino GIGA R1 (at least, in terms of microcontrollers) includes a 480MHz Cortex-M7 and a 240MHz M4 chip, despite costing more than four times the RPi Zero.

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A concern that I had when reading the reviews of previous Monochrom cameras was that highlights could easily be blown out. If you are considering this camera and have concerns about this, it really isn’t an issue. I’ve blown highlights out when I haven’t been paying attention, but this is true of any camera. What I will say is that on the odd occasion where I have overexposed and lost detail in the highlights the transition between areas with no detail and areas with detail is extremely smooth. The built-in live view function and hot shoe mounted Visoflex are great for keeping an eye on exposure and the pinch to zoom touch screen is easy to use. The live view is great for reviewing images and checking focus quickly and easily. Battery life is quite considerably reduced when using these features, so it is a good idea to have a couple of spare batteries with you just in case.

Highly versatile and capable, the Raspberry Pi is the better choice if you're just starting out or want to get started with coding your own projects.

That said, there are plenty of differences that set them apart, and depending on your use case, it may be better to prioritize one over the other. Therefore, we’ve put together an in-depth comparison between Raspberry Pi and Arduino to help you pick the right board for your next DIY project.

On the other hand, a microcontroller like Arduino doesn’t support an operating system. As such, instead of flashing an OS onto a USB drive/SD card, you’ll need to program the Arduino board by connecting it to another PC and manually creating C/C++ codes using the Arduino IDE.

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The mainline boards feature an ARM Cortex processor. Although not quite as powerful as a full-fledged desktop CPU, the processors built into the Raspberry Pi boards have a significantly higher clock speed, cache size, and cores than most Arduino models.

With previous cameras that I have owned, Additional features such as video weren’t of use to me. The Leica M10M provides me with the bare essentials that I require to make a photograph. I have all the control I need, all the resolution I need, and the high ISO performance that allows me to photograph at any time of day or night. Combining those attributes with a camera that is built to a very high standard means the M10M is pretty much my perfect partner. I would appreciate a longer battery life but carrying a couple of spares isn’t really a problem. With the recent addition of the M11 and its improved battery It may be a feature that carries over to any subsequent Monochroms that are released.

The situation is largely the same on the RAM front. Whereas the Raspberry Pi boards have RAM ranging from 512MB to a whopping 8GB, the Arduino family barely has a maximum memory of 1MB – and that too on the expensive high-end boards!

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I’ll speak about this from the viewpoint of the M10 Monochrom as it is the camera that I own but many of the points will apply to all M system cameras.

On the other hand, Arduino boards usually include two ports: a USB Type-B (or micro-USB) port to connect the microcontroller to a PC, and a DC barrel port that you can use as an alternate way to supply power to the board.

However, the official Arduino boards surprisingly cost quite a bit. But the keyword here is “official.” Unlike Raspberry Pi, Arduino boards are fully open-source. Factor in the ease of producing clones with the official Arduino schematics, and you’ll find the market chock-full of inexpensive Arduino boards that cost a fraction of the price charged by the Raspberry Pi Foundation for their SBC lineup.

I have used cameras with bigger and higher resolution sensors than that of the Monochrom but it is the first camera that I have owned that has a dedicated monochromatic sensor. The image quality is truly remarkable, aided by the incredible lenses that are available for it. My favourite lens at this point is the Voigtlander 50mm APO Lanthar which many of my photographs are made with. My dream lens collection would consist of the Leica 35mm, 50mm, 90mm and 135mm APO lenses. A 50mm 1.2 Noctilux would be another welcome addition. I am waiting for delivery of the Voigtlander 35mm APO which I believe will be another lens suited to the high-resolution capabilities of the M10M.

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Over the years I have tried to reduce the amount of equipment that I carry. With many systems of the past, I would be required to carry a backpack full of equipment. Camera, lenses, filters, tripod and even a separate bag for film holders when I was using a large format camera.

I’ve been asked this question many times before. Why do you use a camera that can only produce black and white photographs? My tool of choice is the latest monochromatic model from Leica, the M10 Monochrom and my first step into the world of Leica digital photography. The decision to purchase this camera, besides the significant cost was an easy one. I had to make sacrifices in order to achieve ownership, but I knew that it was a camera that would fit my creative requirements. The camera that I use doesn’t define my photography or the type of photographs that I make but the M10M is my perfect partner in terms of functionality and output.

The low light performance of this camera is also beyond anything else that I have used. My attitude towards photographs made at higher ISO settings has changed as I have matured as a photographer. The M10M can produce exceptionally clean photographs free of grain even at higher ISO settings. When required I am happy to push the camera to its limits though and will not obsess over keeping the ISO at its base setting. Visible grain at really high ISO, rather than being detrimental can add another layer of abstraction and additional atmosphere to a photograph. The beauty of the M10M is that high ISO images appear organic and film like rather than appearing to have an emphasised digital signature that is apparent in other cameras. Of course, if I want to ensure maximum detail and tonality I will use the lowest ISO possible but not at the risk of missing a photograph. I prefer to photograph the landscape during the late autumn and winter months. When the leaves have fallen from the trees and the skies come alive. The dark and slightly abstract nature of my photographs is not reliant on clinical image perfection and the addition of grain when the use of higher ISO settings is required is of little consequence.

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I understand both the historic and continuing association between Leica M cameras and documentary photography. There is a long and distinguished list of photographers who have built their careers around this small, unobtrusive camera system. This connection between Leica M cameras and documentary genre of photography is now so ingrained in its reputation that they are seldom considered for use, at least with the observations that I have made, for other genres that they may be equally suited to.

Similarly, the Raspberry Pi is plagued by supply issues, where scalpers charge a handsome fee for even the last-gen boards. While chip shortage does impact the production of the Arduino family, you won’t encounter much of a trouble finding an original Arduino board at reasonable prices.

Putting aside the price of equipment, although relevant, I’ve always been quite surprised that more people don’t use Leica M cameras for landscape photography.

Perfect for IoT projects that are more involved with the circuitry side of things, the Arduino UNO Rev3 is an affordable board that's worth picking up if you want to experiment with microcontrollers.

As varied as the uses are for a Raspberry Pi, it's not quite a ubiquitous PC. There are a few products my Raspberry Pi still can't replace.

Typically, Raspberry Pi boards can cost anywhere between $10 to $80, with a few extra dollars for the peripherals. With the Raspberry Pi boards packing a lot of functionality, you might be inclined to believe that they’re more expensive than the blue-colored microcontroller family.

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Additionally, almost all Raspberry Pi boards, barring certain cheap models, support Bluetooth and Wi-Fi. However, the Arduino series usually lacks wireless connectivity options, and you'll have to make do without Bluetooth or Wi-Fi unless you're using the more premium boards that include "Wi-Fi" in their names.

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Things aren’t quite so simple on the Arduino side of things. The Arduino Uno I’ve used as a reference has 32-pin sockets, which require a male jumper cable to connect to a sensor or a breadboard. 14 of these sockets are used for digital IO, 6 are exclusively used to accept analog inputs, while the rest are power, reset, and I2C sockets. Arduino boards also don’t follow the consistent nature of the Raspberry Pi’s GPIO pins, meaning, the number of IO pins and sockets can vary dramatically depending on your Arduino model.