fluorescent lamp in lcd panel for lighting manufacturer

At LCD Lighting, we manufacture custom fluorescent lamps using the most advanced technology. We cater to the OEM, meeting their individual application needs with standard straight replacement lamps and specially-designed bent lamps.

Our fluorescent lamps are used around the world in commercial, private and military aircrafts, industrial and commercial printing application, as well as in laptops, ATM’s, medical monitors and phototherapy applications, aquarium and reptile lighting, kiosk/Point-of-purchase (POP) displays, and a myriad of stage and screen lighting.

LCD Lighting, Inc. has designed and manufactured thousands of custom fluorescent lamps for virtually every type of OEM lighting application. Our custom phosphor engineering delivers consistently precise color temperature, CRI index, and brightness (lm/watt) in every lamp.

HCFL) come in straight, “U”, circular, or custom shapes to meet a multitude of OEM specifications. Our sub-miniature fluorescent lamps are engineered and manufactured with the most advanced state-of-the-art technology for use in entertainment displays, medical, POP (point of purchase) displays, machine tool displays, and advertising displays. They are also used in backlighting and liquid crystal displays (LCD’s)  for use in numerous commercial, civil, military, and space avionics information systems.

Both reflector and aperture lamps are designed to control the direction of light. The use of aperture lamps in scanning vision inspection systems and other applications continues to multiply with increasing emphasis on greater precision. A particular feature of fluorescent lamps is that the light output is inherently uniform along the length of the tube.

Compact fluorescent lamps offer dramatic energy cost savings of up to 75% when compared to incandescent lamps of comparable light output, and their lifespan is up to thirteen times longer. Some popular application uses include aquarium lighting, cinematography, medical, and HCRI lamps.

We also offer on-site lamp sub-assembly (LSA) service for the lamp, wiring harnesses, connectors, heaters, sensors and reflective back plate or cavity.

Plazmo is the largest supplier of CCFL backlights (Cold Cathode Fluorescent Lamp) in North America. We currently have more 1 million CCFL backlights in stock and ready to ship.

The CCFL products we carry consist of hundreds of different sizes of raw Cold Cathode Fluorescent Lamps (CCFLs) available in diameters from 1.8mm - 6.0mm, and lengths from 40mm all the way up to 1,400mm. We also have more than 200,000 complete LCD backlight assemblies in stock in addition to the millions of CCFL backlights Plazmo has in stock.

We specialize in precision color-matching technology and use the latest in testing equipment that allows us to both analyze and produce any color CCFL backlight you want. This includes the full spectrum of white lamps commonly used in various LCD screens as well as specialty color, UV, and infrared lamps that are used in a wide range of applications.

In addition to our standard CCFL backlight offerings, we have complete engineering and manufacturing capabilities for custom designs.  We can make any type of CCFL backlight you might need. If you have an old, obsolete LCD or even a new, yet uncommon, LCD requiring a specific or custom-made backlight, we can help. We make new, specialty backlight lamps for any and all LCD applications, including straight and shaped lamps. Some of the CCFL backlight shapes Plazmo offers are: C, U, L, and M shape lamps. In short, if you don"t find the perfect solution for your LCD backlighting needs on our website,CCFLWarehouse.comorPlazmo.com, just give us a call or send us an email with your specific needs.

To go with the vast array of CCFL backlights we have in stock, we also offer the most common CCFLwire harnessesused in LCD backlighting. We stock UL-rated wire harnesses which include connector types from brands like JST, JAE, Molex, Honda, and many more. We also stock all of the components you would need to make your own, custom harnesses. Those components include High Voltage CCFL lamp wire, terminals, connectors and shrink tube, to name a few. If you need a CCFL wire harness that isn’t found atPlazmo.com, give our experts a call or send us an email. We can custom design and make practically any CCFL wire harnesses you might need. Whether you are a small LCD repair facility or a large OEM, we are CCFL backlight and LED backlight experts, and we are here to help.

Silicone end caps for CCFL backlights are a necessary component in making LCD backlight repairs. That’s why Plazmo carries hundreds of different models of silicone end caps. These include a variety of single, dual and triple LCD backlight lamp assembly varieties. However, not all of the end cap possibilities out there are available directly from our website, but we are able to help you find one that would be compatible with your needs. Send our experts an email or give us a call and we will help you find the right end cap, or, in the rare occurrence that we can not find the right end cap, we can custom manufacture the ones you need. For more information on custom CCFL silicone end caps, our contact information is below; we are here to help.

CCFLs have been used for years as a backlight source. These backlights usually have a hollow glass cylinder - 2 to 10 mm in diameter, that’s internally coated with a phosphorescent material and filled with a noble gas (most commonly argon). The tube is then sealed at both ends with an iron-nickel electrode located at each end of the tube.

CCFLs operate on high-voltage alternating current (AC). When the high voltage is applied the resulting arc ionizes the internal noble gas which produces ultraviolet energy. The ultraviolet energy excites the phosphorescent lining which then produces light in the visible range (400 to 700 nm). The phosphorus make-up determines the color temperature of the visible light output. Typically, the resulting temperature color is in the 2800 - 3200K range, which looks like a warm to standard white light.

Most systems that have LCD panels run on direct current (DC), the DC has to be converted to AC in order power the lamp. An inverter is typically used to create the high-voltage AC. In addition, CCFL backlights require constant current, not constant voltage. Also, the strike voltage or the voltage required to start the light of the CCFL is different than the sustaining voltage. The inverter that’s designed to power an LCD CCFL will typically run at about 50 kHz. The inverter has to be matched to the specifications of the CCFL, particularly the current, strike voltage, and operating voltage.

When power is applied to the inverter, it starts by ramping up the output voltage until the CCFL turns on (an arc strikes). The strike voltage may be several hundred volts higher than the sustaining voltage, just to get the CCFL to light up. After the tube strikes which is identified by current flowing, the inverter then drops the voltage until the rated current is flowing which is typically around 5 to 7 mA. For example, a CCFL may have a strike voltage of approximately 1200 V, an operating voltage of approximately 800 V, and an operating current of 6 mA. Using this example, the power draw would then be 4.8 watts. The inverter switch has built-in protection so that if the tube does not strike after it’s gotten a few hundred volts more than the normal strike voltage, the tube is considered dead.

The life expectancy of CCFLs used as backlights is now around 50,000 - 60,000 hours. CCFLs rarely exhibit catastrophic failure unlike incandescent bulbs. Rather, the tube slowly dims over time due to phosphor erosion. The useful life for all backlights is defined by when the light output from the tube reaches half of its initial brightness. Increasing the current will decrease the life expectancy, but will increase the brightness. The color temperature of the tube doesn’t usually change as the bulb gets older.

In many LCD panels, the CCFLs may be replaced when they reach the end of their useful life. CCFLs typically have low heat generation, about 6 - 8 watts per tube. The heat is spread over the surface area of the tube easing heat dissipation. Most LCDs in the embedded market use 4 tubes or less. However, when many CCFLs, more than 4, are used together in an enclosed panel, overall heat dissipation should be taken into account. The optimum ambient temperature range for the highest efficiency and brightness is 77 to 104°F (25 to 40°C). Depending on the design of the tube, it may operate at temperatures from -22 to +185°F (-30 to +85°C); however, performance may be affected at either end of the spectrum, especially the lower end. At low temperatures the brightness decreases and the strike voltage increases. The typical efficiency of CCFLs is in the range of 70 to 90 lumens-per-watt, although with the competition of LED backlights, new advances are being made to boost efficiency.

Below are all the available CCFL lamp sizes for LCD televisions; these sizes will be the correct replacement for most LCD televisions with screen size between 32" and 52".

One way to determine the correct CCFL for your television is to measure one of the CCFLs in your unit. Take a diameter and length measurement. Length measurement should include the entire glass length from glass-end to glass-end. (You can view further helps in measuring your CCFL in our tutorials section). The CCFLs on this page are listed by size (diameter x length).

*ATTENTION INTERNATIONAL CUSTOMERS* These lamp can only be shipped via USPS International Priority service. All orders outside of the United States for CCFL lamps for LCD televisions must select this shipping service upon checkout (international customers who do not choose the USPS International Priority service are advised that shipments can take up to 4-5 weeks to arrive and delivery is not guaranteed.)

Laptops, computer screens, tablets, notebooks. Is your display not lighting up? Maybe it is getting dim or even starting to have a reddish or pinkish hue, maybe it has completely gone dark. The good news: you need a new CCFL backlight lamp and we have them. We stock LCD backlight bulbs for most LCDs. The backlight repair is actually easier than you think, and once you replace the CCFL lamp in your LCD you have essentially restored your LCD display to new condition, as bright and vibrant as it was the first day you got it. And best of all, one less old LCD panel in a landfill somewhere! Call us today, we are here to help (402) 330-2222.

CCFL warehouse is the leading supplier and vendor direct to the largest department stores, grocery stores, and restaurant chains in the country. These companies purchase their CCFL lamps directly from us for use in their own POS repair facilities. We have replacement CCFL lamps in stock for all touch screen displays commonly used in POS cash registers and we stock them in large quantities.

Nearly every piece of Industrial equipment now made has an LCD control panel of some sort. Expensive equipment like CNC machines, heavy machinery, industrial control panels, medial and military displays, sewing machines, food processing equipment, you name it! What they also have in common is they are all heavily used and the LCD displays eventually fail. The equipment manufacturers charge exorbitant amounts for new displays, but the fact is all that is needed is new CCFL backlights. Install a new CCFL lamp assembly and your critical piece of equipment is back on line.

ATMs, amusement displays such as casino gaming, video games, juke boxes, and kiosks- these LCD displays are notorious for failure due to the 24 hour high demand usage. Again, a new CCFL lamp, and they are back up and running like new. CCFL Warehouse supplies CCFL backlights to many of the largest LCD display repair companies in the world. Our high-quality CCFL lamps are trusted for ultra long life in these demanding environments. If you do not find the exact CCFL lamp that you need on our website, drop us an email or give us a call, we will make it for you.

There is a reason all of the most respected LCD repair facilities in the country, both big and small, purchase their CCFL Backlight lamps from us, quite simply our expertise in the area of LCD backlights is simply unparalleled. Not only do we stock more cold cathode fluorescent lamps than any other company, produce the highest quality lamps, offer exceptional pricing, but we are here to help!

Quite simply, we are the experts in CCFL lamps and LCD backlighting, that is all we do and anything we can do to help you in your repair efforts we are more than happy to accommodate.

CCFLwarehouse.com is the single largest CCFL backlight supplier in North America. We specialize in CCFL lamps, producing the highest quality lamps available and stocking them in high volumes so that they are available for our customer when they need them. Our lamps are used all over the world by a wide range of clients, some just looking to get their laptop back up and running and others who operate some of the largest repair facilities in the world. Whatever your backlight repair needs, we can help.

Our CCFL lamps are designed specifically for repairs of LCD panels made by many of largest LCD panel manufacturers in the world such as: AU Optronics (AUO), Samsung, Sanyo, LG, Innolux, Torisan, Sharp, Che Mei, Chunghwa, NEC, Mitsubishi, Toshiba, Boe Hydis, Hitachi, Fujitsu, HannStar and many more.

In addition we stock LCD backlights specific for the repair of laptop and notebook computers and desktop monitors. Our CCFL lamps are used to repair LCD panels in all major computer brands such as; Acer, Asus, Gateway, Dell, Hewlett Packard (HP), Compaq, Lenova, Apple, Sony, BenQ, Alien Ware, Sager, Quanta, Clevo, and many more.

Manufacturer of fluorescent light fixtures for explosion proof, hazardous and corrosive resistant environments. Radial, troffer, canopy, metallic, non-metallic, vapor or vandal proof, grow and high temperature fixtures are provided. Some fixtures are made from aluminum material. Available in various operating temperatures, life spans, beam angles, LED types, input voltages and power ratings. Suitable for traffic surveillance, emergency backup systems, broadcasting, public utility, telephone, computer, battery or equipment control rooms, electrical substations, offsite trailers, residential, warehouse and food preparation plants. UL listed. Made in the USA. 3-year warranty.

Distributor of lamps for electronics, telecommunications, aerospace, automotive, broadcast, medical and military industries. Types include ultraviolet (UV), incandescent, neon, magnifying and cold cathode fluorescent (CCFL). Round, cylindrical, rectangular, oval and flat top LED lamps are available. Surface mount, through-hole, colored, polar, low or high current, blinking, housing and resistor led lamps are offered. Secondary services include testing, upscreening, re-tinning, reeling and decapsulation or counterfeit detection.

Interlectric stays on top of emerging technologies and offers a full line of LED lights, bulbs, and accessories available for every lighting purpose. Please call for availability.

The LED Mini Disc Marker Light is great for steps, aisles, paths, driveways, direction lighting, information lighting, decorative lighting, merchandising and landscape accents.

MR16 LEDs high-efficiencey and color rendering makes them perfect for offices , family rooms , dining rooms , study rooms , display cases , art galleries , retail stores.

Hera’s expertise is bringing new trends and technology and has been evident throughout the decades. As a driving force in lighting technology, Hera’s main focus for more than 15 years has been LED technology. We have been at the forefront of the LED revolution to bring energy efficient and…

With over 30 years of excellence in North America, TIGER Drylac U.S.A., Inc. develops and manufactures environmentally friendly high quality powder coatings that meet the highest requirements and specifications for various industries including automotive, architecture, furniture, lighting…

Boyd Lighting, known for its classic, modern, award-winning designs and unbelievable quality, continues the tradition set during its inception, in 1921. Their designers are leaders in the interior design and architecture fields. Among them, Jamie Drake, Laura Kirar, Windsor Smith, Deirdre…

Lighting Top Enterprises is a professional manufacturer and lighting solutions for woodworking industry. Over 20 years of expeneriences providing that the highest quality lighting fixtures to furniture , kitchen cabinet and display fixtures. Lighing Top has the most innovative design and…

Our latest products include the Illumishelf- a uniformly lighted shelf that is sized to replace standard upper cabinet shelving as well as 120V Xenon and LED under cabinet lighting systems. We offer a variety of high quality cabinet lighting products and liner lighting products. We strive to…

US manufacturer of energy-efficient specification-grade interior and exterior lighting. Luraline’s catalog includes pendant, ceiling, wall and post-mount lighting fixtures, with a multitude of choices for sizes and styles, and colors, tones and finish textures. Available with the latest…

Eclipse Lighting Inc. designs and manufactures specification grade architectural sconces, pendants, decorative and vandal-resistant luminaires applicable for indoor/outdoor use. A wide selection of fixtures in the latest LED technology gives customers choices in performance, economy, sizes and…

Nora Lighting is among the industry’s leading designers and suppliers of energy-efficient lighting systems for commercial, architectural, retail, hospitality, healthcare, educational and residential applications. Nora products have become benchmarks for innovation, quality and new…

Specialty Lighting’s product offering of fluorescent fixtures now includes a mini fluorescent fixture with an aluminum body that measures just 13/16″ wide and 1 9/16″ high, using T5 lamps. Each fixture comes complete with a 6′ grounded power cord. Each fixture can be connected directly to other…

Norwell Lighting and Accessories produces high-quality, interior and exterior lighting designs including wall mount sconces, pendants, chandeliers, bath lighting, flush mounts and outdoor lighting and accessories to complement the interior of homes as well as landscape and exterior architecture….

BCW500 Series: BCW500 Series by Los Angeles Lighting Mfg. Co. Canopy security luminaire designed for retrofit and new construction, perfect for under canopies, pedestrian tunnels, parking structures, corridors and stairwells. • 2-Lamp compact fluorescent • Electro galvanized steel construction •…

LSI Industries produces comprehensive image solutions through a unique, integrated offering of lighting, graphics and technology capabilities. As a vertically integrated manufacturer, we combine technology, design and manufacturing to produce and deliver high performance, energy-efficient…

Amerlux is an independent, privately held manufacturer of architectural grade, energy efficient lighting solutions for the retail, supermarket and commercial markets. Our products utilize the latest in light source and electronic ballast technology that, when combined with our core competency in…

ELCO Lighting develops and markets lighting products for commercial and residential applications, including: track and recessed lighting fixtures, exit and emergency lights, under cabinet lighting, wall packs, step lights and more. ELCO lighting employs a staff of engineers who work closely with…

Eurofase is a premier source for decorative residential and architectural lighting products in North America. Eurofase products are available through a network of more than 2,000 showroom dealers across North America. The Eurofase range of products has expanded into several lighting categories,…

LaMar Lighting designs and manufactures fluorescent lighting fixtures including commercial, industrial and architectural lighting, with a specialty in custom design. Products include recessed lighting, surface-mounted, task, under-cabinet, vandal-resistant, outdoor, display and motion-controlled…

Lightolier provides superior-grade downlighting, track, decorative, fluorescent and emergency lighting for commercial, institutional and residential applications. Lightolier.com features product specifications, applications, distribution information and accredited online training. Lightolier…

Juno Lighting Group by Schneider Electric, offers high-quality, innovative commercial and residential lighting solutions and advanced system controls in the product ranges of Juno®, Indy™, AccuLite™ , Aculux®, NaviLite® and DanaLite.

Lightolier provides superior-grade downlighting, track, decorative, fluorescent and emergency lighting for commercial, institutional and residential applications. Lightolier.com features product specifications, applications, distribution information and accredited online training. Lightolier…

By being proactive and responsive to the ever-changing needs of the lighting industry, Feelux Lighting, long recognized as a driving force in the European and Asian markets, is becoming the most viable lighting innovation resource in the U.S. Since 1975, Feelux has followed the exacting criteria…

About Lumetta Lumetta is a Rhode Island based manufacturing company that makes decorative commercial luminaires. Since 1992, we have used modern manufacturing practices to create a dynamic line of ceiling, wall, and portable luminaires. Our materials are versatile and can be customized to…

In today’s increasingly competitive world, architects, lighting professionals and specifiers are faced with tremendous challenges. Lighting designs and specifications must deliver the latest style and performance, while meeting ever more rigorous energy and time requirements. How do you…

Edison Price Lighting has designed and manufactured innovative, energy-efficient architectural lighting fixtures since 1952. Our full product offerings include downlights, accent lights, wallwashers, wall grazing systems, and track lighting systems. Our fixtures are powered by a variety of…

About Zumtobel Lighting, Inc. (Americas Division) Zumtobel Lighting, Inc. based in Highland, New York, is a subsidiary of Zumtobel Group AG. As an innovation leader in the North and South American markets, Zumtobel provides next-generation lighting solutions and luminaires. Designed in both the…

Incredibly versatile and efficient fixture with numerous options and variations. Direct, indirect, wall wash, rotational and stack lighting. Available in 1.25”, 2.25” and 3.25” apertures. Continuous run available.

Ledra Brand’s extensive line of fixtures has and continues to use reliable, energy efficient LED’s that have led the way in the commercial, residential and lighting design communities. Continuing to make breakthroughs in technology for performance, decorative and architectural lighting, Ledra…

DS&L is headquartered in Itasca, IL and has been providing lighting and supply products, as well as lighting design layout and installation oversight services to the tradeshow, display and event industries for 35+ years. DS&L works with its customers to recommend product solutions from its vast…

EEFL is an acronym for External Electrode Fluorescent Lamp, its electrodes are the outside of lamp unlike general fluorescent lighting, and it is next generation��s fluorescent lamp which heats less and its lifespan is 5 times more than general because it uses lighting methods to induce plasma in the lamp by the field of external electrodes.

As it guarantees over 5 times longer lifespan than general fluorescent lamp, and over 3 times longer than other lamps, it reduces the cost by minimizing maintenance, and guarantees efficiency and economics because of 60% less power consumption than other general lamps.

It is safe from the high voltage and fire. When a lamp is damaged by shock or careless handling, only the lamp does not turn on and such damage does not influence on other lamps.

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LED (light emitting diode) backlights are the most popular type of backlight for small and medium LCDs. A new trend has begun where even large displays such as laptops, desktop monitors, and LCD TVs have LED backlights. The advantages of LEDs are its low cost, long life, no EMI interference, low operational voltage, and ease of brightness control. One disadvantage in larger displays is that too many LEDs increase the power consumption and will generate heat as a result. However, this problem will soon be overcome.LED backlights come in several different colors: yellow-green, orange, amber, pure green, blue, and white. There are two basic LED backlight designs: Bottom (array) and edge lit. The bottom (array) lit configuration has several LEDs mounted uniformly behind the display, which provides uniformity and brighter lighting, but also consumes more power and requires thicker LED backlights. The edge-lit configuration consists of LEDs mounted to one side or corner, which offers a thinner package and consumes less power. The edge-lit design occupies 98% of the LED backlight market for small to medium LCD modules.

Electroluminescence Backlight, or EL Backlight, is a solid-state phenomenon which uses colored phosphors, not heat, to generate light. EL backlights are very thin, lightweight and provide an even light. They are available in a variety of colors, with white being the most popular for use with LCDs. While their power consumption is fairly low, they require voltages of 100 VAC @ 400Hz. This is supplied by an inverter that converts a 5, 12 or 24 VDC input to the AC output. EL backlights also have a limited life of 3,000 to 5,000 hours to half brightness. The biggest drawbacks to an EL panel is that it requires an inverter to generate the 100VAC, consistent brightness, and limited life.

Cold Cathode Fluorescent Lamp, or CCFL, backlights offer low power consumption and a very bright white light. The primary CCFL configuration used in LCD backlighting is edge lighting. A cold cathode fluorescent lamp is the light source with a diffuser distributing the light evenly across the viewing area. CCFLs require an inverter to supply the 270 to 300 VAC @ 35KHz used by the CCFL tube. They are used primarily in graphic LCDs and have a longer life – 10,000 to 20,000 hours – than EL backlights do. Their biggest drawbacks are: cold weather will reduce the light output by as much as 60%, they require an inverter to generate the 350VAC please note that the inverters do not function well at low temperatures, the light intensity cannot be varied (it is either on or off), and vibration can reduce the life expectancy of up to 50%.

An LED-backlit LCD is a liquid-crystal display that uses LEDs for backlighting instead of traditional cold cathode fluorescent (CCFL) backlighting.TFT LCD (thin-film-transistor liquid-crystal display) technologies as CCFL-backlit LCDs, but offer a variety of advantages over them.

While not an LED display, a television using such a combination of an LED backlight with an LCD panel is advertised as an LED TV by some manufacturers and suppliers.

Unlike OLED and microLED displays, LCDs cannot achieve true blacks for pixels which are illuminated by the backlight. Some LED-backlit LCDs use local dimming zones to increase contrast between bright and dim areas of the display, but this can result in a "blooming" or "halo" effect on dark pixels in or adjacent to an illuminated zone.

The local dimming method of backlighting allows to dynamically control the level of light intensity of specific areas of darkness on the screen, resulting in much higher dynamic-contrast ratios, though at the cost of less detail in small, bright objects on a dark background, such as star fields or shadow details.

A 2016 study by the University of California (Berkeley) suggests that the subjectively perceived visual enhancement with common contrast source material levels off at about 60 LCD local dimming zones.

LED-backlit LCDs are not self-illuminating (unlike pure-LED systems). There are several methods of backlighting an LCD panel using LEDs, including the use of either white or RGB (Red, Green, and Blue) LED arrays behind the panel and edge-LED lighting (which uses white LEDs around the inside frame of the TV and a light-diffusion panel to spread the light evenly behind the LCD panel). Variations in LED backlighting offer different benefits. The first commercial full-array LED-backlit LCD TV was the Sony Qualia 005 (introduced in 2004), which used RGB LED arrays to produce a color gamut about twice that of a conventional CCFL LCD television. This was possible because red, green and blue LEDs have sharp spectral peaks which (combined with the LCD panel filters) result in significantly less bleed-through to adjacent color channels. Unwanted bleed-through channels do not "whiten" the desired color as much, resulting in a larger gamut. RGB LED technology continues to be used on Sony BRAVIA LCD models. LED backlighting using white LEDs produces a broader spectrum source feeding the individual LCD panel filters (similar to CCFL sources), resulting in a more limited display gamut than RGB LEDs at lower cost.

The evolution of energy standards and the increasing public expectations regarding power consumption made it necessary for backlight systems to manage their power. As for other consumer electronics products (e.g., fridges or light bulbs), energy consumption categories are enforced for television sets.

Using PWM (pulse-width modulation), a technology where the intensity of the LEDs are kept constant but the brightness adjustment is achieved by varying a time interval of flashing these constant light intensity light sources,

A first dynamic "local dimming" LED backlight was public demonstrated by BrightSide Technologies in 2003,Sony in September 2008 on the 40-inch (1,000 mm) BRAVIA KLV-40ZX1M (known as the ZX1 in Europe). Edge-LED lighting for LCDs allows thinner housing; the Sony BRAVIA KLV-40ZX1M is 1 cm thick, and others are also extremely thin.

LED-backlit LCDs have longer life and better energy efficiency than plasma and CCFL LCD TVs.mercury, an environmental pollutant, in their manufacture. However, other elements (such as gallium and arsenic) are used in the manufacture of the LED emitters; there is debate over whether they are a better long-term solution to the problem of screen disposal.

Because LEDs can be switched on and off more quickly than CCFLs and can offer a higher light output, it is theoretically possible to offer very high contrast ratios. They can produce deep blacks (LEDs off) and high brightness (LEDs on). However, measurements made from pure-black and pure-white outputs are complicated by edge-LED lighting not allowing these outputs to be reproduced simultaneously on screen.

Quantum dots are photoluminescent; they are useful in displays because they emit light in specific, narrow normal distributions of wavelengths. To generate white light best suited as an LCD backlight, parts of the light of a blue-emitting LED are transformed by quantum dots into small-bandwidth green and red light such that the combined white light allows a nearly ideal color gamut to be generated by the RGB color filters of the LCD panel. The quantum dors may be in a separate layer as a quantum dot enhacement film, or replace pigment-based green and red resists normally used in LCD color filters. In addition, efficiency is improved, as intermediate colors are no longer present and do not have to be filtered out by the color filters of the LCD screen. This can result in a display that more accurately renders colors in the visible spectrum. Companies developing quantum dot solutions for displays include Nanosys, 3M as a licensee of Nanosys, QD Vision of Lexington, Massachusetts, US and Avantama of Switzerland.Consumer Electronics Show 2015.quantum dot displays at CES 2017 and later formed the "QLED Alliance" with Hisense and TCL to market the technology.

Mini LED displays are LED-backlit LCDs with mini-LED–based backlighting supporting over a thousand full array local dimming (FALD) zones, providing deeper blacks and a higher contrast ratio.

LED backlights are often dimmed by applying pulse-width modulation to the supply current, switching the backlight off and on more quickly than the eye can perceive. If the dimming-pulse frequency is too low or the user is sensitive to flicker, this may cause discomfort and eyestrain similar to the flicker of CRT displays at lower refresh rates.

Competing display technologies for the best image performance; A.J.S.M. de Vaan; Journal of the society of information displays, Volume 15, Issue 9 September 2007 Pages 657–666; http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1889/1.2785199/abstract?

Novitsky, Tom; Abbott, Bill (12 November 2007). "Driving LEDs versus CCFLs for LCD backlighting". EE Times. Archived from the original on 28 November 2010. Retrieved 21 November 2020.

Scott Wilkinson. "Ultimate Vizio Archived 26 August 2009 at the Wayback Machine". UltimateAVmag.com. Posted Fri 29 May 2009. Retrieved 16 December 2009.

LED TVs: 10 things you need to know; David Carnoy, David Katzmaier; CNET.com/news; 3 June 2010; https://www.cnet.com/news/led-tvs-10-things-you-need-to-know/

Method of and device for generating an image having a desired brightness; D.A. Stanton; M.V.C. Stroomer; A.J.S.M. de Vaan; US patent USRE42428E; 7 June 2011; https://worldwide.espacenet.com/publicationDetails/biblio?CC=US&NR=RE42428E

Chen, Haiwei; Zhu, Ruidong; Li, Ming-Chun; Lee, Seok-Lyul; Wu, Shin-Tson (24 January 2017). "Pixel-by-pixel local dimming for high-dynamic-range liquid crystal displays". Optics Express. 25 (3): 1973–1984. doi:ISSN 1094-4087. PMID 29519046.

"Implementing directive 2005/32/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council with regard to ecodesign requirements for televisions", 2009; http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:32009R0642

Controlling Power Consumption for Displays With Backlight Dimming; Claire Mantel et al; Journal of Display Technology; Volume: 9, Issue: 12, Dec. 2013; https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/6520956

Energy Efficiency Success Story: TV Energy Consumption Shrinks as Screen Size and Performance Grow, Finds New CTA Study; Consumer Technology Association; press release 12 July 2017; https://cta.tech/News/Press-Releases/2017/July/Energy-Efficiency-Success-Story-TV-Energy-Consump.aspx Archived 4 November 2017 at the Wayback Machine

LCD Television Power Draw Trends from 2003 to 2015; B. Urban and K. Roth; Fraunhofer USA Center for Sustainable Energy Systems; Final Report to the Consumer Technology Association; May 2017; http://www.cta.tech/cta/media/policyImages/policyPDFs/Fraunhofer-LCD-TV-Power-Draw-Trends-FINAL.pdf Archived 1 August 2017 at the Wayback Machine

Broadband reflective polarizers based on form birefringence for ultra-thin liquid crystal displays; S.U. Pan; L. Tan and H.S. Kwok; Vol. 25, No. 15; 24 July 2017; Optics Express 17499; https://www.osapublishing.org/oe/viewmedia.cfm?uri=oe-25-15-17499&seq=0

Polarisation-sensitive beam splitter; D.J. Broer; A.J.S.M. de Vaan; J. Brambring; European patent EP0428213B1; 27 July 1994; https://worldwide.espacenet.com/publicationDetails/biblio?CC=EP&NR=0428213B1&KC=B1&FT=D#

Replacing your fluorescent tube lights with LED retrofits can be a confusing and daunting process. We"ve put together this guide to demystify all of the ins and outs of replacing your fluorescent tubes with LED tube lights.

Because fluorescent fixtures are often mounted into ceilings and connected directly to mains electricity, they are relatively expensive and difficult to replace completely.

As a result, it oftentimes makes the most economical sense to simply use the same fluorescent fixture, but replace the fluorescent tube with an LED tube light.

Therefore, it is important to understand the types of fluorescent tubes that were developed, so that the correct LED tube light can be retrofitted in place.

T12 4-ft: Four-foot T12 fluorescent lamps are less efficient compared to T8 lamps. They are the same length as T8 lamps, but have a larger 1.5 inch lamp diameter.

T5 4-ft: Four-foot T5 fluorescent lamps are typically the most efficient, and some of the newest types of lamps introduced in the 2000"s in the USA. They are commonly designated T5HO (high output) and provide more brightness than their T8 counterparts. They are slightly shorter than four feet (45.8 inches). T5 lamps come in a variety of lengths such as 1-ft, 2-ft and 3-ft versions and are commonly used in non-ceiling fixtures such as table lamps.

LED tube lights replicate the mechanical dimensions to ensure that they can be true retrofit replacements, and adopt the same form factor names (e.g. 4-foot T8 LED tube light).

All fluorescent tube lights use a device called a ballast to regulate the lamp"s brightness as it warms up. These devices are necessary for fluorescent lamps, and differ from incandescent lamps which can be connected directly to mains electrical circuits.

Fluorescent lamp fixtures typically house the ballast inside the fixture, and is not accessible without removing the fixture from the ceiling. Alterations to the fluorescent lamp ballast should be done only by those comfortable and knowledgeable with electrical work.

LED lamps, on the other hand, operate differently from fluorescent lamps, and do not utilize a ballast (but do utilize electronic components that make up the LED driver).

Early LED tube lights required removing or bypassing the fluorescent ballast. Now, many LED tube lights are designed to be compatible with fluorescent ballasts, allowing for a simple replacement of the fluorescent tube, without re-wiring the fixture. Below, we discuss the common terms used for each of these configurations.

Commonly designed "UL Type A" - these LED tube lights are designed to be compatible with fluorescent ballasts. They are the most straightforward to implement, since it does not require rewiring the fluorescent fixture.

Ideal for: Consumers not comfortable with or preferring to avoid electrical wiring work, lighting installations where electrician labor costs are high

Disadvantages: Fluorescent ballasts can fail, requiring continued maintenance and eventual replacement or bypass of the ballast; potential issues with fluorescent ballast compatibility; lower overall electrical efficiency due to ballast.

LED tube lights that have  a "UL Type B" specification are not compatible with fluorescent ballasts. They cannot be used with the fluorescent ballast, and must be connected directly to mains electricity. The LED driver, however, is integrated into the LED tube itself.

In a single-ended configuration, only the two pins on one end of the tube are used (one pin = live; one pin = neutral), and the two pins on the other end are not electrically functional, and only used for holding the lamp in place.

For single-ended configurations, the direction in which a lamp is installed is important - incorrect configurations can lead to a lamp that does not illuminate, or a potentially hazardous fire risk. Single-ended configurations will typically have a sticker label on one end of the tube with the words "AC INPUT" or similar. Some single-ended configurations can accept power from either end.

In a double-ended configuration, the two pins on each side of the tube are the same polarity. Therefore, the lampholders on one end of the tube must be connected to [neutral], while the other must be connected to [positive].

UL Type C LED tubes are relatively uncommon, but offer the most flexibility and efficiency for a lighting system. Unlike a UL Type B LED tube, these do not have the LED driver integrated into the LED tube, and therefore requires a separate LED driver device to be connected between the LED tube and mains electricity.

Ideal for: lowest maintenance costs as LED drivers can be replaced without replacing the whole LED tube; more LED driver options such as 0-10V dimming and other IoT connectivity.

Tombstones are the "sockets" or lampholders that the LED tube lights will be installed into, providing both the mechanical support as well as electrical current.

Scenario ii) is called non-shunted, while scenario iii) is called shunted. "Shunting" refers to the joining of two separate circuits into one. The result of shunting is that both tombstone contacts connect to the same electrical polarity.

In general, fluorescent fixtures that have never been altered for LED or instant-start ballasts have non-shunted tombstones, while those that have been altered for LED or instant-start ballast may have shunted tombstones.

Sometimes, tombstones are externally shunted, as shown in the photo above, where the wire inputs are only open on one side. In some cases, however, tombstones can be internally shunted, where the wire inputs on both sides are open, but are connected inside the tombstone.

Since some tombstones are internally shunted, visually checking the tombstones does not provide a conclusive result. We strongly recommend testing the two tombstone contacts with a voltmeter to determine whether a closed or open circuit exists. A closed circuit will indicate shunted tombstones.

If your LED tube light is single-ended, it is NOT compatible with shunted tombstones. This is because each of the two contacts in the tombstone must be opposite polarity for a single-ended LED tube light to work. In a shunted tombstone, however, this is not possible as there will be an internal short circuit.

If you have shunted tombstones, you will need to rewire or replace them and connect them to match the single-ended LED tube light manufacturers" wiring diagram.

If your LED tube light is double-ended, it is likely compatible with both shunted and non-shunted tombstones. The reason is that the two pins on each end of the LED tube light expect the same polarity, so whether or not they are shunted should have no influence on the final resulting circuit.

Keep in mind this section discusses whether or not the tombstone itself is shunted vs non-shunted - be sure to connect the wires into the tombstone correctly to match the manufacturers" wiring diagram to ensure safe installation.

We recommend looking for LED tubes that are compatible with any of the potential electrical configurations in a fluorescent fixture - for example, Waveform Lighting"s T8 3-in-1 LED tubes.

Commonly characterized as the core photoelectric specifications, it"s also important that the emitted light qualities are similar or exceed your current fluorescent tube lighting.

Most fluorescent tube lights have a correlated color temperature (CCT) of 4000K or 5000K, as they have been considered to be most suitable for retail and office environments, respectively. Many fluorescent lamp phosphor developments over the years, however, have enabled a wide range of color temperatures.

Similarly, LED tube lights are also available in a wide range of color temperatures. Generally, the color appearance will be similar between an LED tube light and fluorescent tube light with the same color temperature rating.

Luminous flux, measured in lumens, measures the total amount of light emitted from a lamp, and is the best measure to determine the brightness of a lamp.

The best way to make an apples-to-apples comparison is to compare the luminous flux value of the fluorescent lamp with the LED tube light. Generally, a 35W T8 fluorescent lamp emits about 2500 lumens.

One thing to note about LED tube lights is that they tend to direct light downward, rather than a full 360 degrees in a fluorescent lamp. Therefore, when installed in a ceiling fixture, an LED tube light may provide more useful lumens, since the light is directed downwards rather than back into the fixture as in a fluorescent lamp.

CRI measures the extent to which objects" color appear true and accurate under a light source. Most fluorescent lamps have a CRI rating of 80 or so, and the majority of LED tube lights also come in at around 80 CRI as well. 80 CRI is acceptable for most applications, but for enhanced color quality and environments where color perception is important, look for a higher CRI rating in an LED tube light.

Finally, we"ll talk a bit about the cost considerations for making an LED tube light purchase. In recent years, LED tube lights have come down in price to a level that competes with fluorescent lamps, so the purchase price of the lamps makes LED tube lights a very appealing option.

If, however, the LED tube light you selected is not a UL Type A lamp, you will incur electrical rewiring labor costs. For a large or commercial installation, these costs may be significant depending on the complexity of the rewiring necessary for the fluorescent fixture. Typically, it can take a trained electrician 15-25 minutes per 4-lamp fluorescent fixture.

If we assume it takes an hour for an electrician charging $100 per hour to complete the rewiring of 3x 4-lamp fluorescent fixtures, we can calculate a labor cost of more than $8 per lamp. You can see how labor costs quickly add to the initial costs of the project - adding to the appeal of UL Type A compatible LED tube lights.

Calculate the amount of electricity and maintenance costs that LED tube lights will save, and determine the payback period. Generally, the shorter the better!

Also, consider the warranty terms of the manufacturer. Ideally, the payback period is shorter than the warranty, as that way, you are insured against any premature product failures that jeopardize the cost savings of going with LED tube lights.

Acuity Brands is the leader in smart lighting and connected systems that enable intelligent spaces and drive performance. We are your one source for the most innovative and comprehensive portfolio of lighting products, software and services. Working with us is easy as we partner with you before, during and after a project.

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