8.5 tft lcd tv with dvd player free sample

AUDIO VIDEOAV2 INPUTSPower and Mode selectionAVC (DVD/AV1/AV2) Mode1.Connect the external devices as shown in the picture on the right.(Refer Connection Diagram).CAMCORDERGAMEAV OutputAV Input (Av1)AV Input(Av2)RL2.Turn the power ON the unit and external devices.3.Select the DVD/AV1/AV2 mode by pressing the AVC button on the unitor on the remote control.4.Play the external device.© 2007 Directed Electronics. All rights reserved. 11

DVD setupSetup Menu-Main PageAn invalid button press.When the SETUP button is pressed, the setup menu will display as shown below.Select the menu category and modify according to individual preference.1.Press the STOP button if the disc is playing.2.Press the SETUP button to display setup menu.General Setup PageTV DisplayAngle MarkOSD LangCaptionsScreen SaverLast MemoryPSOnENGOnOnOnGo To General Setup Page2.Use theENTERbutton to select and set desired setting and items.3.Press the SETUP (A.MEMO) button again to turn off the setup menu.© 2007 Directed Electronics. All rights reserved. 13

DVD setupGeneral Setup1.TV DisplayYou can select a TV screen aspect ratio according to your TV.If the TV on which the movie is player WIDE type, choose EIDE. If it is of43type, choose NORMAL/PS (Pan&Scan) or NORMAL/LB(Letter BOX).Normal / PS 4:3 PAN SCANChoose this setting if you want the movie to fill the entire screen.(This might mean that the left and right edges wont be seen)Normal / LB 4:3 LET TERBOChoose this setting if you want to see movie in their original aspect ratio.(The movie might appear with black bars at the top and bottom of the screen.)Wide 16:9 WIDE SCREENChoose this setting if your DVD Player is connected to a widescreen TV.(This option is available only if the disc has a 16:9 display aspect ratio.)Wide 16:9 SqueezeChoose this setting if your DVD Player is connected to a widescreen TV.(This option is available only if the disc has a 16:9 display aspect ratio.)CautionThis option is available only when the disc has the function.General Setup PageTV Display PS Normal/PSAngle MarkOSD LangCaptionsScreen SaverLast MemoryOnENGOnOnOnNormal/LBWideswide Squeeze2.Angle MarkYou can set up so that the angle mark appears onscenes.On : When selected, the screen will be shown withangle mark.Off : When selected, no angle mark is shown onthe screen.Set TV Display ModeGeneral Setup PageTV Display PSAngle Mark On OnOSD LangCaptionsScreen SaverLast MemoryENGOnOnOnOffSet Angle Mark3.OSD LangUse this option to set the OSD language.When selected, change to set the on-screen displaylanguage.General Setup PageTV DisplayAngle MarkOSD LangCaptionsScreen SaverLast MemoryPSOnENGOnOnOnEnglishSet OSD Language14 © 2007 Directed Electronics. All rights reserved.

DVD setup4.CaptionsAdjust caption selection.On: Choose this setting to display captions.Off: Choose this setting to close captions.General Setup PageTV Display PSAngle MarkOSD LangCaptionsOnENGOn OnScreen SaverLast MemoryOnOnOff5.Screen SaverThe screen saver is useful to prevent your displayfrom becoming damaged. The screen saver pictureappears when you leave the DVD player in stop modefor about two minutes.6.Last MemoryAdjust last memory selection.When start your car or turn on/off the DVD player,search the last player scene.When eject and close the disc, this functionis not working.Audio SetupCautionClosed GaptionGeneral Setup PageTV Display PSAngle MarkOSD LangCaptionsScreen SaverOnENGOnOn OnLast Memory OnOffScreen SaverGeneral Setup PageTV DisplayAngle MarkOSD LangCaptionsScreen SaverPSOnENGOnOnLast Memory On OnOffSet Last Memory StateGenaral Setup PageSpeaker SetupSpdif SetupDolby Digital SetupChannel DelayEqualier3D ProsessingHDCDGo To Speaker Setup Setup© 2007 Directed Electronics. All rights reserved. 15

DVD setupGenaral Setup PageSpeaker SetupSpdif SetupDolby Digital SetupChannel DelayEqualier3D ProsessingHDCDDalby Digital SetupDual Mone Mix StereoDynamicL-MonoR-MonoMix-MonoGo To Dolby Digital SetupDual Stereo SetupDalby Digital SetupDalby Digital SetupDual MoneDynamicMixStereoL-MonoR-MonoMix-MonoDual MonoDynamicMixFULL3 / 41 / 21 / 4OFFDual Stereo SetupSet DRC OffGenaral Setup PageSpeaker SetupSpdif SetupDolby Digital SetupChannel DelayEqualier3D ProsessingHDCDEqualizer PageEQ Type None NoneBass BoostSuper BassTreble BoostOffOffOffRockPopLiveDanceTechnoClassicSoftGo To Dolby Digital SetupSelect Equalizer Type16 © 2007 Directed Electronics. All rights reserved.

DVD setupEQ TypeThis unit can product a 3D surround effect,using 3DSurround Sound technology.Choose the desired preset equalizer mode.(None,Rock,Pop,Live,Dance,Techno,Classic,Soft)Equalizer PageEQ Type None NoneBass BoostSuper BassTreble BoostOffOffOffRockPopLiveDanceTechnoClassicSoftSelect Equalizer TypeBass BoostThis Function is enhanced at low levels withoutdistorting other frequencies.Equalizer PageEQ TypeNoneBass Boost Off OnSuper BassTreble BoostOffOffOffBoss BoostSuper BassThis function is more enhanced at low levels withoutdistorting other frequencies.Equalizer PageEQ TypeNoneBass Boost OffSuper Bass OffTreble Boost OffOnOffSuper BoostTreble BoostThis function is enhanced at high levels withoutdistorting other frequencies.Equalizer PageEQ TypeNoneBass Boost OffSuper Bass OffTreble Boost OffOnOffTruble Boost© 2007 Directed Electronics. All rights reserved. 17

DVD setupVideo SetupCautionVideo Setup PageComponent offTV ModeQualityOffYUVRGBVGAComponentIn order to understand all the FUNCTIONS well, we select the one(Quality) of them.1.QualityVideo Setup PageComponent offTV ModeQualityVideo Quality SetupSharpness Low HighBrightnessContrastGamma0000NoneMediumLowHueSaturationLuma Delay00001 TGo TO Video Setup PageSharpnessSharpnessUse this option to select screen sharpness.Select screen sharpness using the direction / buttons and press the ENTER button..Video Quality SetupSharpness Low HighBrightnessContrastGamma0000NoneMediumLowHueSaturationLuma Delay00001 TSharpness18 © 2007 Directed Electronics. All rights reserved.

DVD setupPreference1.TV TypeChoose a proper operating setting according tothe color system of the TV Type-Multi system.MTSC,PAL.1)Press the SETUP button during stop mode.2)Press the / buttons to move to Preference.3)Press the / buttons to move to TV Type.4)Press the ENTER button.5)Press the / buttons to select TV Type.2.PBC (Play Back Control)This feature is only available when a (Super)VideoCD is loaded. It allows you to disable or enable thePBC(Play Back Control)menu of VCD discs.1)Press the SETUP button during stop mode.2)Press the / buttons to move to Preference.3)Press the / buttons to move to PBC.4)Press the ENTER button.5)Press the / buttons to select TV Type On/Off.Preference PageTV TypePBCAudioSubtitleDisc MenuParentalCountry RegionDefaultSet TV StandardPreference PageTV TypePBCAudioSubtitleDisc MenuParentalCountry RegionDefaultSet PBC StatePALOnENGUSAUSAENGPALOnENGENGPALMultiNTSCOnOff3.AudioUse the audio language menu to select the subtitlelanguage that you prefer. If the disc you are playinghas that language available,it will display subtitlesin that language.1)Press the SETUP button during stop mode.2)Press the / buttons to move to Preference.3)Press the / buttons to move to Audio.4)Press the ENTER button.5)Press the / buttons to select desiredaudio language.4.SubtitleUse the subtitle language menu to select the subtitlelanguage that you prefer.If the disc you are playinghas that language available. It will display subtitlesin that.1)Press the SETUP button during stop mode.2)Press the / buttons to move to Preference.3)Press the / buttons to move to Subtitle.4)Press the ENTER button.5)Press the / buttons to select desiredsubtitle.Preference PageTV Type PAL EnglishPBCAudioOnENGFrenchSpanishSubtitleChineseDisc MenuENG JapaneseParentalKoreanCountry Region USA RussianDefaultThaiPreferred Menu LanguagePreference PageTV Type PAL EnglishPBCAudioOnENGFrenchSpanishSubtitleChineseDisc MenuENG JapaneseParentalKoreanCountry Region USA RussianDefaultThaiPreferred Menu Language© 2007 Directed Electronics. All rights reserved. 21

DVD setup5.Disc MenuUse the Disc Menu option to select the languageyou want a DVDs disc menu to be displayed in(not the same as the player menu)1)Press the SETUP button during stop mode.2)Press the / buttons to move to Preference.3)Press the / buttons to move to Disc Menu.4)Press the ENTER button.5)Press the / buttons to select Disc Menu.Preference PageTV Type PAL EnglishPBCAudioSubtitleOnENGFrenchSpanishChineseDisc MenuENG JapaneseParental00 KoreanCountry Region USA RussianDefaultThai6.ParentalThe Parental feature is a rating limit system, like movie ratings. It works with DVDsthat have been assigned a rating. This option lets you determine how your playerwill react to discs that contain movies that are rated(in the U.S.A.,the MotionPicture Association of America rates movies as G,PG,PG-13,etc.).You decide which ratings require a password and which ones dont.1)Press the SETUP button when stop mode.2)Press the / buttons to move to Preference.3)Press the / buttons to move to Parental.4)Press the ENTER button.5)Press the / buttons to select desiredparental level.7.Country RegionPreferred Menu LanguagePreference PageTV Type PAL 1 KID SAFPBCAudioOnENG2 G3 PGSubtitle4 PG 13Disc Menu5 PGRENG6 RParental00 7 Nc17Country Region USA 8 ADULTDefaultPreferred Menu LanguageSelect parental region by pressing Country Region on the screen.1)Press the SETUP button when stop mode.2)Press the / buttons to move to Preference.3)Press the / buttons to move to CountryRegion.4)Press the ENTER button.5)Press the / buttons to select desiredCountry Region.8.DefaultIf user selects reset from the setup menu, all thevalue of setup menu will be initialized by factorysetting value.(Exception: Parental level, Regioncode and Password values will not be changed)1)Press the SETUP button when stop mode.2)Press the / buttons to move to Preference.3)Press the / buttons to move to Default.4)Press the ENTER button to select reset.Preference PageTV TypePBCAudioSubtitleDisc MenuParentalCountry RegionDefaultPG Country Region GodsTV TypePBCAudioSubtitleDisc MenuParentalCountry RegionDefaultLoad Factory SettingPALOnENGUSAPreference PageENGPALOnENGUSAENGChinaFranceHongkongJapanTaiwanGBRUSAReset22 © 2007 Directed Electronics. All rights reserved.

Password SetupDVD setup1.Password ModePassword Setup PagePassword Mode OnOnPasswordOffPassword Mode2.Password Change1)Select Password Setupsub item.2)Enter your old password,and new password in 6 digits.(The default password code is 000000)3)Re-enter new password for confirmation then press the ENTER button.Password Setup PagePassword Mode OnOnPassword Change Old PasswordNew PasswordConfirm PWDOKChange Password© 2007 Directed Electronics. All rights reserved. 23

DVD functionsEJECTPressing the EJECT button changes the play mode as the text to the right illustrates.When you insert your DVD disc into the DVD player,LOADING”will appearon the screen. Then the DVD disc is player automatically.VOL+/VOL-To adjust the audio output level of the speaker from 0 to 20.MUTEPressing of the MUTE button changes theplay mode.OSDMuteMute offCONDITIONMuteMute offPLAY OR PAUSE( )[DVD]/[AUDIO]/[MP3]Use this button to select a particular scene or play thedisc. Most DVD discs will play automatically.OSDCONDITIONPlay DiscPauseAUDIO[DVD]Change the audio output type.(If the loaded disc supports available audio type.)[VCD]/[AUDIO]Changes the audio output type.(If loaded disc supports available audio type.)[Mp3]An invalid button press.OSD1 / 2 : Ac3 2CH English2 / 2 : Ac3 5.1CH EnglishOSDStereoMono LeftMono RightMix MonoCONDITION2 Channel5.1 ChannelCONDITIONStereoMono LeftMono RightMix Mono24 © 2007 Directed Electronics. All rights reserved.

DVD functionsDISPLAY[DVD]Pressing button DISPLAY on theremote control changes the play mode asfollows:[AUDIO]Pressing display button displaysinformation about the current CD on thescreen as follows:OSDCONDITIONOSDCONDITIONTitle ElapsedDisplay the Title ElapsedSingle ElapsedDisplay the single elapsedTitle RemainChapter ElapsedChapter Remain[VCD]Display OffDisplay the Title RemainDisplay the Chapter ElapsedDisplay the Chapter RemainNo signWhenever press the button,title chapterwill be displayer as follows:Single RemainTotal ElapsedTotal Remain[Mp3]Display the single remainDisplay the total elapsedDisplay the total remainYour DVD player will display the counterautomatically when you play the Mp3 disc.OSDSingle ElapsedSingle RemainDisplay OffCONDITIONDisplay timeLeft display timeNo signNUMBER BUTTONS[DVD]The 0 through 9 number buttons are used to enter the number of the track,the numberof the DVD chapter,time date,etc.[AUDIO]You can select a track by pressing thecorresponding number button.[DVD]You can select a track in the folder bypressing the corresponding number button.OSDSelect Track:____:__OSDCONDITIONSelect track noCONDITIONSelect track no26 © 2007 Directed Electronics. All rights reserved.

DVD functionsSUBTITLE(SUB-T)[DVD]This button is used to select the language for on-screen display message.(This title menu is different,depending on the particular DVD.)[AUDIO]/[MP3]An invalid button press.TITLE[DVD]Used to display the title menu of the loaded DVD disc.(This function is disc-dependent.)[AUDIO]/[MP3]An invalid button press.SLOW( )[DVD]/[VCD]Used to play a disc in slow forward or slow reverse.This allows you to search forward three steps toreverse three steps.Slow forward play: press slow button.Slow rewind play: press slow button and forwardbutton again.(not in work VCD)OSD1 / 21 / 41 / 81 / 161 / 2CONDITION2X slow forward4X slow forward8X slow forward16X slow forward2X slow rewind[AUDIO]/[MP3]An invalid button press.1 / 4 4X slow rewind1 / 8 Single 8X slow playrewind1 / 16 16X slow rewindPlayPlay© 2007 Directed Electronics. All rights reserved. 27

DVD functionsFAST REVERSE SEARCHING( )[DVD]Pressing FR button changesthe play mode as follow:[AUDIO]Pressing FR button changesthe play mode as follow:OSDCONDITIONOSDFR 2XFR 4XFR 8XFR 16XFR 32XPLAYCONDITION2X rewind search4X rewind search8X rewind search16X rewind search32X rewind searchPlayFR 2XFR 4XFR 8XFR 16XFR 32XPLAY2X rewind search4X rewind search8X rewind search16X rewind search32X rewind searchPlay[Mp3]Pressing FR button changesthe play mode as follows:OSDFR 2XCONDITION2X rewind searchFR 4XFR 8XFR 16XFR 32XPLAY4X rewind search8X rewind search16X rewind search32X rewind searchPlayFAST FORWORD SEARCHING( )[DVD]Pressing FR button changesthe play mode as follow:[AUDIO]/[VCD]Pressing FR button changesthe play mode as follow:OSDCONDITIONOSDFF 2XFF 4XFF 8XFF 16XFF 32XPLAYCONDITION2X forward search4X forward search8X forward search16X forward search32X forward searchPlayFF 2XFF 4XFF 8XFF 16XFF 32XPLAY2X forward search4X forward search8X forward search16X forward search32X forwardsearchPlay[Mp3]Pressing FR button changesthe play mode as follows:OSDFF 2XCONDITION2X forward searchFF 4XFF 8XFF 16XFF 32XPLAY4X forward search8X forward search16X forward search32X forwardsearchPlay28 © 2007 Directed Electronics. All rights reserved.

DVD functionsPREV( )[DVD]/[VCD]Used to move to the previous chapter from the current chapter.[AUDIO]/[MP3]Used to move to the previous track.NEXT( )[DVD]/[VCD]Used to move to the next chapter from the current chapter.[AUDIO]/[MP3]Used to move to the next track from the current track.REPEAT(A-B)[DVD]/[VCD]/[AUDIO]Press this button to repeat the selected segment.The selected segment will be repeatedautomatically until canceled.[Mp3]An invalid button press.OSDAABCONDITIONStart point of repeatEnding point repeat function© 2007 Directed Electronics. All rights reserved. 29

DVD functionsREPEAT[DVD]Pressing REPEAT button changesthe play mode as follow:[VCD]OSDChapterTitleAllAn invalid button press.CONDITIONRepeat chapterRepeat titleAllRepeat off[AUDIO]Pressing REPEAT button changesthe play mode as follow:OSDTrackAllCONDITIONRepeat singleAllRepeat off[Mp3]Use to change the play mode.Pressing REPEAT button changesthe play mode as follows:OSDRepeat OneRepeat FolderFolderShuffleRandomSingleCONDITIONSingleRepeat folderRepeat folder one timeAllRandom playSingle playNTSC/PALSelect the NTSC/PAL/MULTI in condition of DVD mode.ANGLESelect ONfor watching other camera angle.This button cant control the preset camera angle.30 © 2007 Directed Electronics. All rights reserved.

Installation1.Open the color box and check the contents.INSTALLATION PLATE UNITSCREW A SCREW B2.Connect the external devices RCA cable or AV output.(refer the connection diagram)3.Match the position of installation bracket andinstallation plate with screw A.4.Tighten the unit with the suppliedscrew B.© 2007 Directed Electronics. All rights reserved. 33

Disc informationDVD featuresDVD discs provide high-resolution images with high-quality sound and surroundsound effects. This DVD player can play not only DVD discs of various versions,butalso S-VCD, VCD,audio CD and Mp3 discs. Each disc plays only the informationsaved on it, and some functions cannot be utilized.Discs that cannot be playedDVD-RW,DVD-REM,CD-ROM,CD-EXTRA discs cannot be played on this unit. Also,a CD or a CD-RW which was recorded on special software cannot be played.Region codeYour DVD player is designed and manufactured to region management informationthat is recorded on a DVD disc. Please check the region code.1: North America 2: Japan 3: Korea and Southeast Asia4: Australia, Mid & South America 5: Russia 6: ChinaCopyright protectionThis product incorporates copyright protection technology that is protected bymethods claims of certain U.S. Patents and other intellectual property rights ownedby the Macrovision Corporation and other rights. Owners use of this copyrightprotection technology must be authorized by the Macrovision Corporation,and isintended for home and other limited viewing uses only unless otherwise authorizedby the Macrovision Corporation.How to handle the discDont touch the shiny side of the disc (the side with the embedded information).Dont stick a label or a glue-based note on either side of the disc. Dont use discsthat have glue or a damaged gluey label-it might result in damage to your DVD player.Dont put discs in the sunshine. Park your car in the shade.How to handle the discWipe softly with a wet cloth and then with a dry one.Before playback, wipe the disc outward from the center with a clean cloth.Do not use any type of solvent such as thinner, benzene,commercially-availablecleaners or antistatic spray.To avoid damaging your DVD player, dont use a scratched disc.34 © 2007 Directed Electronics. All rights reserved.

TroubleshootingSymptom Items to Check Actions to be TakenButton does not work.No soundIs the power turned on?Is the audio which is connected withthe audio cable set to receivethe DVD signal output?Is audio cable is connected securely?Is the monitor which is connectedwith the audio cable turned on?Is the digital audio output setin the correct position?Check the car battery capacity.Select the correct input mode for the audio receiver.Connect the audio cable into the jacks securely.Turn on the monitor connected with the audiocable.Set the Digital Audio Output to the correct position,and then turn on the DVD player again by pressingthe POWER button.Remote control doesnot work properly.Is the remote contro facingat the remote sensor?Is the distance too far?Is there any obstacle in the middle?Is the battery exhausted?Point the remote control to the remote sensor of theproduct.Use the remote control within 5m.Remove the obstacle.Replace with new batteries.Unable to receive TVbroadcasting.Is the antenna connected properly?Check antenna connection.Check pointWhen a disc is brought from a cold environment to a hot one,there may be steam on theface of the disc,or water will appear on the pickup lens.It will be affected disc play.1.Remove the disc from the DVD player.2.Turn on the power and leave it on for an hour to vaporize the condensation.3.You can operate the DVD player without any problems.© 2007 Directed Electronics. All rights reserved. 35

SpecificationsPowerScreen FormatResolution PixelColor SystemA/V InputA/V OutputDimensionD C 1 2 V1 6 : 91 4 4 0 x 2 3 4N T S C / PA L A u t o S e l e c tD V D - AV 1 - AV 21 E A1 0 . 6 ( L ) X 9 . 9 ( W ) X 2 . 0 ( H ) i n c hNote : This equipment has been tested and has been found to complywith the limits for a Class A digital device, pursuant to part 15 of theFCC Rules. These limits are designed to providereasonable protectionagainst harmful interference whenthe equipment is operated in acommercial environment. This equipment generates, uses, and canradiate radio frequency energy and , if not installed and used inaccordance with the instruction manual, may cause harmful interferenceto radio communications. Operation of this equipment in a residentialarea is likely to cause harmful interference in some case the user will berequired to correct the interference at his own expense.36 © 2007 Directed Electronics. All rights reserved.

NON-TRANSFERABLE LIMITED CONSUMER WARRANTYDirected Electronics herein “Directed” promises to the original purchaser that the automotive video monitorand/or source unit(s) (the Product), excluding accessories, purchased and installed from a Directedauthorized dealer within the ninety (90) days after purchase of the new vehicle, in which the Product is installed,is free from defects in materials or workmanship under normal use and conditions for a period ofthree (3) years from date of purchase or the first 36,000 miles as registered on the new vehicle’s odometerreading at time of delivery of the Product for warranty service, whichever occurs first. Product purchasedor installed more than ninety (90) days after the new vehicle is purchased are warranted for a period ofone (1) year from date of purchase of the Product.Directed promises to the original purchaser that all video accessories will be free from defects in materialsand workmanship under normal use and condition for a period of ninety (90) days after the date ofpurchase. A sales receipt and/or warranty registration card is required to provide proof of date of purchaseof the Product or accessories. Should the Product be determined defective during the applicable warrantyperiod, the Product will be repaired or replaced with a new or comparable reconditioned part(s),at Directed’s option. To obtain warranty service, the Product must be returned to a Directed authorizeddealer along with proof of purchase and installation.Note: This warranty does not cover labor costs for the removal and reinstallation of the Product. INORDER FOR THIS WARRANTY TO BE VALID, YOUR PRODUCT MUST BE SHIPPED WITH PROOF OFPURCHASE AND INSTALLATION BY AN AUTHORIZED DIRECTED DEALER. ALL PRODUCTS RECEIVED BYDIRECTED FOR WARRANTY REPAIR WITHOUT PROOF OF PURCHASE AND DIRECTED DEALER INSTAL-LATION WILL BE DENIED.This warranty is non-transferable and does not apply to any Product that has been modified or used in amanner contrary to its intended purpose, and does not cover damage to the Product caused by installationor removal of the Product. This warranty is VOID if the product has been damaged by accident or unreasonableuse, negligence, acts of God, neglect, improper service or other causes not arising out of defectin materials or construction. This warranty does not cover the elimination of externally generated static ornoise, or the correction of antenna problems or weak television reception, damage to tapes, video games,software, camcorders, discs, speakers, accessories or vehicle electrical systems, cosmetic damage ordamage due to negligence, misuse, abuse, failure to follow operating instructions, accidental spills orcustomer applied cleaners, damage due to environmental causes such as floods, airborne fallout, chemicals,salt, hail, windstorms, lightning or extreme temperatures, damage due to accidents, road hazards,fire, theft, loss or vandalism, damage due to improper connection to equipment of another manufacturer,modification of existing equipment, use of a faulty tape cartridge or cleaning of the VCR head, or Productwhich has been opened or tampered with for any reason or which has been damaged due to alteration orservice performed by anyone other than Directed Electronics.ALL WARRANTIES INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO EXPRESS WARRANTY, IMPLIED WARRANTY, WAR-RANTY OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR PARTICULAR PURPOSE, AND WARRANTY OF NON-IN-FRINGEMENT OF INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY ARE EXPRESSLY EXCLUDED TO THE MAXIMUM EXTENT AL-LOWED BY LAW, AND DIRECTED NEITHER ASSUMES NOR AUTHORIZES ANY PERSON TO ASSUME FORIT ANY LIABILITY IN CONNECTION WITH THE SALE OF THE PRODUCT. DIRECTED HAS ABSOLUTELY NOLIABILITY FOR ANY AND ALL ACTS OF THIRD PARTIES INCLUDING ITS LICENSED DEALERS OR INSTALL-ERS. IN NO EVENT WILL DIRECTED BE LIABLE FOR ANY INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL OR CONSEQUENTIALDAMAGES (INCLUDING LOSS OF PROFITS). BY PURCHASING THIS PRODUCT, THE CONSUMER AGREESAND CONSENTS THAT ALL DISPUTES BETWEEN THE CONSUMER AND DIRECTED SHALL BE RESOLVEDIN ACCORDANCE WITH CALIFORNIA LAWS IN SAN DIEGO COUNTY, CALIFORNIA.Some states do not allow limitation on how long an implied warranty lasts. In such states, the limitationsor exclusions of this Limited Warranty may not apply. Some states do not allow the exclusion or limitationof incidental or consequential damages. In such states, the exclusion or limitation of this Limited Warrantymay not apply to you. This Limited Warranty gives you specific legal rights, and you may have otherrights which vary from state to state.

1- Obviously, I love being able to dock my iPod with this. One of the advantages with this is the increase in your battery power from a bit over 2 hours (for film) to just about 5 hours as the iPod does use its battery power as well in conjunction with the player"s... handy :)

*** A note on the vidoe transfer from iPod to DVD player*** PAY ATTENTION! You must set your iPod VIDEO settings properly before using it in the DVD player so you can see you videos and films properly! It is NOT the fault of the DVD player.

2- Being able to use SD cards for practically any basic music/document/video/photo format there is... music, photos, film, documents.... almost anything which can be stored on an SD card may be viewed provided (naturally) that it is in the appropriate formatting to begin with. In other words, don"t expect a Painter or Illustrator doc to be viewable unless it"s been coverted to jPeg for the most part.... and text docs should be plaintext only. This is actually a more versatile player than I had originally believed when I really began messing about with it!

4- I can close the unit altogether and still keep listening to audiobooks on CD... also quite handy, whether they be on CD or stored in my iPod (and I admit to having a huge pile of books stashed on my "funpod"! Nor did I ever think I"d make use of the second headphone input jack, but lying on the beach (not far from my home) with a friend makes this very handy as well... nice to have the ability to share the entertainment with a friend, especially where external sounds (ocean surf!) necessitates headsets. The screen holds up surprisingly well in the sunlight as well, though of course, no screen is perfect in such conditions.

6- The remote unit is very nice and easy to use and I like the way it is stored in the player as it is not likely to fall out or get easily dislodged when properly inserted into the storage section. The iPod is also securely held when loaded in as there are two separate points of attachment, the power plug and the side "flip" button thingy. It did take me a few tried to get the order right, pull out the plug FIRST, then flip the iPod out of the storage section! Unfortunately, when you do have your iPod loaded, there"s no place to store the remote unit within the player itself, so have a pocket handy or, better yet, a storage case for going about with it.

2- Here"s the biggie... the battery... NOT replaceable even though it IS rechargable. Once your battery goes, that"s it. I do not know if it can be replaced at the factory or not. BUT... this does NOT mean that the player is toast, you simply just have to use the adapter and use it while it"s plugged in. So if this has happened to you, consider hanging on to it to use perhaps in bed while your companion snoozes on... you get to still bliss out with your fave film!

So.... there"s my two cents worth... overall, a great little player. versatile, flip screen, 2-5 hours play time depending on iPod usage, compact, plays when closed (for audio CDs, etc) does music, video, DVD, CD, SD, has audio input/outputs, decent and bright screen (16:9 btw!) and overall, offers more than the average. Main downside, non-replaceable battery. That"s it. And I"d definitely get the same model player to replace this if something happens to it!

Loaded with features, the XM2701 offers 27 built-in stitches with 63 stitch functions. Included are blind hem, decorative and quilting stitches, with an automatic one-step button holder for virtually perfect buttonholes and more. Also included are 6 quick-change sewing feet, including a buttonhole, zipper, zigzag, narrow hemmer, blind stitch and button sewing foot. Designed for ease of use, the XM2701 comes with a built-in easy needle threader, jam-resistant Quick-Set top drop-in bobbin, and an automatic bobbin winding system. Includes instructional DVD and user manual.

A simple-to-use wooden loom designed specifically with young weavers in mind. With its 15" weaving width, a rugged ratchet and pawl system, and warp and cloth beams, the Cricket loom provides all the features needed for weaving cloth. Integrated rear notches make it possible to comfortably use the loom against a table or desk. Table clamps secure the loom in place for warping or weaving. Comes with all the necessary tools and accessories: stick shuttle, warping peg, threading hook, 2 table clamps and an 8 dent rigid heddle reed.

The cane features a small quad base, flared rubber tips, has a 300 lb weight capacity and the height adjusts from 30"-39" with 11 push button height adjustment holes. Fits most people 5′-6’5″.

This blood pressure monitor stores up to 80 blood pressure readings for one user, and also features Bluetooth connectivity to sync with the free Omron Connect app for unlimited memory, graphs and trend tracking, as well as unlimited users. It features the Easy-Wrap ComFit cuff, a pre-formed cuff that inflates 360° around the arm to help reduce measurement errors and help ensure inflation over your brachial artery. The Easy-Wrap ComFit cuff comfortably fits adult arms ranging from 9” to 17” in circumference.

A fidget board is great for seniors suffering with any type of memory loss. This Fidget Board will help stimulate their mind and keep their hands busy. Perfect for adults with dementia or Alzheimer"s, especially those who liked to work with their hands. Size: 11.5” x 5.75”x 1.5”; Weight: 1.7lbs.

This 16"x16" blanket/pillowcase will cover a small throw pillow with engaging sensory activities. Active hands allow for staying busy and keeping the mind sharp for elderly patients with dementia and Alzheimer’s.

These handles are designed to rotate, engaging more muscles and increasing strength and definition in arms, shoulders, chest, back, and abs. Ergonomic grips help distribute weight evenly, reducing pressure points and joint strain on wrists and elbows. They are constructed with smooth rotation and a steel ball-bearing system. Treads on the bottom of handles securely grip all floor surfaces. Appropriate for all fitness levels, from beginner to advanced.

These resistance bands provide variety for your workouts and challenge your muscles in new ways while improving balance and coordination. The colors indicate progressive resistance levels, ranging from two to 20 pounds. The set includes 5 latex tubes (each 48" long) with varying resistance levels, cushioned foam handles, door anchor, manual, and a travel bag.

Perfect for the smaller kitchen or wherever you need an extra cooking zone. Rubber feet increase stability. The powerful fry function gives you instant heat for stir-frying. A smooth tempered glass surface with an integrated touch control panel makes it easy to clean. Keep the cord in order by wrapping it around the cooktop handle and fastening with the clips when not in use.

1x1.8 kW induction zone. Connection rating: 1800W. Current: 14-15A. Voltage: 120V. Electronic display with child lock. Width: 11 3/4 " Depth: 15 1/8 " Height: 2 1/8 " Weight: 7 lb

Patrons have the opportunity to use cooking equipment that is faster, safer and more environmentally friendly than gas. This kit was donated by Green Newton to promote cooking with clean energy as part of the City"s Climate Action Plan.

With two bubble vials and backlights for easy visibility, this laser level features a 360-degree rotating wall attachment that projects laser lines at any angle.

Take quick moisture measurements on wood and building materials with the choice of pin or pinless (non-invasive) methods. Easy-to-operate with display icons that indicate the levels of moisture content plus audible alert feature. Ideal for building restoration projects and applications where moisture detection on floors, tiles, and under carpets is critical. A must-have tool for analyzing the after-effects of water leakage behind walls and in ceilings.

This instrument displays thermal information in real-time on its 2.4-inch full-angle, high resolution color LCD screen. To improve recognition of the area being measured, this product is equipped with a traditional visible light camera in addition to the infrared camera with a small white LED light mounted under the camera to illuminate darkened inspection areas. By blending the thermal heat map image with the visible light image in 25% graduations you can see a clear and precise image of the object being examined. Store up to 25,000 thermal, visible, and combined view images on the removable Micro-SD card and can be transferred to any tablet, laptop or PC with an appropriate card reader for analysis and printing for additional diagnostics.

The 7 in. wire stripper with cutter can strip 20, 18, 16, 14, 12, and 10 AWG wire as well as shear 8-32 and 10-32 gauge screws. The serrated jaw is ideal for bending, pulling, or twisting wire. The wire stripper is spring-loaded with a built-in locking mechanism for safety.

Pumps to 120 PSI with convenient mid-barrel gauge. 38mm diameter high-volume steel barrel is 21.5 inches tall. Includes needle for pumping up sports balls for Basketball, Soccer, Football, and Volleyball. Fits Schrader or Presta Valves for pumping up bike tires.

This acrylic Globe has a light inside, allowing it to function in two modes. In its non-illuminated day mode, the Globe displays a detailed, exquisitely designed physical and political map of the earth. When the internal illumination is switched on in night mode, a map image with the most important stars and constellations shines through from the inside.

This is a perfect microscope for students to learn science. It comes with full optical glass elements, a metal framework, a 360-degree rotatable monocular head, coarse & fine focusing, and LED illumination. It offers five magnification settings, 40X, 100X, 250X, 400X and 1000X. This kit also includes blank glass slides and glass coverslips. It is an ideal microscope for home school or for students from elementary to high school. It is also an excellent instrument for hobbyists.

This is an easy-to-use, low-power microscope with a 5.0 MP sensor for capturing photos and video of your discoveries. At low magnification, it is ideal for viewing stamps, coins, bugs, plants, rocks, skin, gems, circuit boards, and more. You can even view traditional slides at high magnification.

User-friendly design: 3-mode control switch (auto, off, reverse); overheat LED indicator; 8.7" paper-entry width; easy-to-empty 4.1-gallon bin with see-through window

All-in-one production and live performance instrument which includes an integrated drum machine, sequencer, synthesizer, looper, and MIDI controller with a built-in accelerometer and Bluetooth.

This student teardrop dulcimer has a laminated spruce top, back, and sides with a solid maple neck and fingerboard. Measures 31" long with a body depth of 1-7/8" and a scale length of 24".

The PSR-F51"s compact and lightweight design packs in a regular size keyboard together with 61 keys, 120 Voices, and 114 Rhythms from all over the world. What’s more, this instrument is ideally suited to a wide range of different playing scenarios; not only is the PSR-F51 great for beginners and students, you can also power it with batteries for musical performance on the road.

The Hamilton KB90 Traveler II Portable Music Stand and Bag is the perfect combination of a quality portable symphonic stand and a convenient carrying bag. The KB90 Traveler II features the Hamilton KB990BL Black Portable Symphonic Stand with an adjustable angle desk of 13.5 inches tall and 18.75 inches wide with a punched-hole steel construction that is lightweight and durable plus a height adjustment of 26 inches to 47.5 inches with a folding tripod base. The KB90 also includes the KB14 Carrying Bag, which features a heavy duty black nylon construction with dual carrying handles and adjustable padded shoulder strap. The KB14 bag also features separate zippered compartments for the base and stand top, plus a convenient sheet music pocket.

This beach tent is lightweight (3.3lb), portable, and easy to fold down with a compact carrying bag. It can effectively block heat and 98% of the harmful UV rays. Three large roll-up mesh windows increase airflow and reduce the temperature. Dimensions: 46"h x 55"d x 83"w.

Gskyer 70400 is quick and easy to set up – even for the novice or beginners. All of Gskyer telescopes include a full range of eyepieces, it can help you see the stars more clearly. Gskyer telescopes are designed and manufactured using all fully coated glass optical components with high transmission coatings for enhanced image brightness and clarity.

Ultra-clear Refracting Telescope: with 400 mm focal length and 70 mm aperture to capture more clear picture and optical glass coated for enhanced image brightness to protect your eyes.

Optimum Magnification: two replaceable eyepiece(16x, 40x) to enhance the power for this astronomical telescope. 5x24 finder scope with mounting bracket and cross line.

Kids will be pulled toward this STEAM kit with its hands-on introduction to the fascinating powers of magnets. STEAM lessons are irresistible when you add the excitement of fun, colorful tools to scientific exploration.

This engineering focused STEAM kit encourages young readers to become interested in construction and engineering while they are still learning basic life skills. This fun reader following a ninja visiting a construction site, paired with construction blocks can keep little ones happy and busy while channeling their inner engineers.

Science Comics gives us a high-interest graphic novel packed with facts on robots and drones: past, present, and future. Kids apply the information to coding with Artie the programmable robot that draws whatever you code on any sheet of paper. Use Snap Circuits to enjoy hours of educational fun while learning about electronics and circuits with hands-on manipulatives and easy-to-follow activity guides.

Explore popular science topics in DC Superhero Science, an action-packed nonfiction title, featuring experiments led by beloved DC super heroes. Use the scientific method like Bumblebee, defy gravity like Superman, or make things out of light like Green Lantern. Perform cool chemistry experiments and dig into the fascinating world of insects with simple activities that can be completed with items found around the house or in nature.

Play and learn with this circuits kit. Develop problem-solving, cause and effect, and logic skills in this addictive marble circuits game or learn the fundamentals of circuitry with this imaginative play set made to teach key engineering and design principles. Wrap it all together with a look at 101 incredible technology facts that every kid should know.

Tinker along with Izzy Gizmo she works on inventions to help a crow with a broken wing fly again. The gear set introduces children to the world of engineering as they discover endless building possibilities. The Qboidz 14-In 1 Set challenges cognitive, social, and motor skills through creative play and step-by-step instructions.

This Technology focused STEAM kit is full of fun facts about robots, computers, x-rays, and other cool technology and inventions. Kids will get active with the interactive coding games that keep bodies busy while brains gain valuable practice in sequencing, decision making, and following commands just like a computer.

Read all about rocks, fossils, minerals, and gems. Get an in-depth in-person look and feel at the same time. Learn about geology hands-on with this stereoscope featuring 10X and 20x magnification and a top-mounted LED light for great views of the collection of 12 rock samples, 9 fossils, and 12 minerals included with the kit.

Children will delight in this silly sing-along story with funny, eye-popping illustrations and informative picture guides to help readers to mimic and act out the hand and foot movements and develop their fine motor skills. Play along and create fun songs using the band equipment provided to encourage creative play and to help children experience the fun of making music.

4K Upscaling: Get the most out of your 4K Ultra HD TV by upscaling the quality of your Blu-ray movies to near 4K quality. 4K Ultra HD discs are not supported.

Sound: Experience HD sound with Dolby and dts-Master Audio. Enjoy multi-room streaming capabilities with the SongPal Link Apps, and connect via bluetooth to enjoy wireless listening.

This Bluetooth speaker features an ultra-compact design, voice confirmation, and an onboard microphone for clear, hands-free communication. The rugged Mini H2O is IP67 waterproof, dustproof, snowproof rated and it floats! With 6 hours of battery life, an aux-in port, and a 33 ft. range, the Mini H2O will take the music wherever you want to go. Speaker measures 4" x 2.25" x 1" and comes with a micro USB charging cable and Quick Start guide.

A 3-foot audio cable will connect a Playaway to your car stereo or home entertainment system. Use with any equipment that uses a standard 1/8" (3.5mm) headphone jack.

With the Tape to PC Recorder USB Walkman Cassette Player, you can convert all those cassettes into digital MP3 files. This nifty gadget can also play cassettes to give you that experience. Offering plug and play compatibility, it"ll be easier than ever to record those tapes onto your PC.

Our most economical do-everything toolkit. The Essential Electronics Toolkit is what you need for the most essential electronics repairs—like screen and battery swaps—and everything you need for most household DIY fixes. Get started in electronics repair with all the bits and precision tools to handle your most urgent screen breaks and battery swaps. Or simply upgrade your home DIY toolkit with what you need to service door knobs, home appliances, eyeglasses, and more.

This is a low profile (14mm), lightweight (200g) plug and plays disc burning and disc playing solution that you can use with a USB port. It"s powered by your computer"s USB port, so no batteries or power cords are necessary.

Support for paperless geocaching and Garmin spine mounting accessories. Power with two AA batteries for up to 20 hours of use (best with Polaroid AA batteries)

This bundle includes the Nintendo Switch console and Nintendo Switch dock with contrasting left and right Joy‑Con™ controllers—one red, one blue. It also includes all the extras you need to get started.

Nintendo Switch Lite is a small and light handheld Nintendo Switch system. Compatible with all physical and digital Nintendo Switch games that support handheld mode.

Immerse yourself in extraordinary new worlds, put yourself at the center of an incredible gaming universe and experience a new way to play with PlayStation VR. PlayStation VR is a member of the PS4 family – so whichever PS4 console you own, you’re PS VR ready.

Play CD discs and your favorite FM station on the go. 60-second skip protection, programmable tracks, and an LCD display. Requires 2-AA batteries (not included). Earbuds not included.

Comes with several inputs such as USB or SD inputs. This allows you to enjoy your media in many different ways. Users are also able to connect this device to your TV for a larger display.

VANKYO LEISURE 3 MINI PROJECTOR: 1080P supported portable projector ideal for a home theatre. with 45ANSI Lumen brightness, 2000:1 contras ratio and 40000 hours lamp life, the projection range supported is from 33 to 170 inches.

KSAN 120" OUTDOOR PROJECTION SCREEN: This projection screen has a 120-inch viewing diagonal (16:9), ideal for both outdoors and indoors, and it comes with a lightweight but sturdy aluminum frame that holds the screen taught for a flat projection surface. Two foldable tripods provide a sturdy base for outdoor use. Tethers and ground stakes are also provided for further stability.

Powerful and portable, Roku Streaming Stick+ is supercharged with a long-range wireless receiver for 4x the range and brilliant HD, 4K, and HDR picture quality. You’ll enjoy a stronger signal for smooth streaming even in rooms farther from your router.

Digitize documents and images up to a maximum size of 8.5"x 11", maximum resolution of 2400 x 2400dpi. Includes image enhancements such as fade correction and dust reduction.

Four easy buttons enable one-touch scanning of documents (PDF) or photo originals. With auto-scan mode, the scanner automatically detects what you"re scanning; the built-in PDF button, easily scans and saves PDFs that are editable and searchable.

With this TRIPLETT SoniChek Mini Sound Level Meter, you can easily check the sound levels of your PA, home theater, alarm and sound systems. An auto backlit LCD provides a comfortable view of the results.

This small and lightweight universal travel power adaptor provides world-wide compatibility with surge protection. Its 3-in-1 interchangeable adaptors work in over 180 countries/territories while built-in USB port can be use to charge 2 devices at once. Its dual-USB 2.1Amps features auto-allocate & intelligent chipset for fast charging smartphones & tablets and compatible with Apple iPod/iPhone/iPad with 30-pin or Lightning port and Samsung Galaxy S & Tab Series with 30-pin or micro-USB port.

Features UK ground plug, low profile design to fit outlet with on/off switch, status LED lights, built-in over-current and short-circuit protection. CE and RoHS compliant.

Rediscover the timeless vinyl experience with simple controls and stable BLUETOOTH® connectivity. With the PS-LX310BT record player, you can enjoy clear, natural sound, whether you’re reliving your favorite LP or sharing a stunning reissue with the family.

There is no easier way to digitize home video to playback on your computer, to sync with an iPad or iPhone, to edit in iMovie or Windows Live Movie Maker, or to upload to YouTube.

Dream Vision Pro Adult Unisex Smartphone VR Headset with Bluetooth Remote Controller & Retractable Bluetooth Earbuds. Immerse yourself in a world of animation and ultimate graphics with this virtual reality headset. Compatible with most smartphones, this system has an aux-enabled control so you can hear game sounds directly through the headset, and its built-in microphone lets you answer phone calls. Fits phones up to 6 inches. Headset measures 7"x5"x5".

These walkie-talkies have an up to the 30-mile range and feature 36 FRS (Family Radio Service) channels, along with channel scans to check for activity. The Continuous Tone-Coded Squelch System gives you up to 2,662 channel options to help block other conversations. Use silent operation to turn off all tones. NOAA Weather Scan + Alert will automatically scan through 10 available weather (WX) band channels and locks onto the strongest weather channel to alert you of severe weather updates.

Glass substrate with ITO electrodes. The shapes of these electrodes will determine the shapes that will appear when the LCD is switched ON. Vertical ridges etched on the surface are smooth.

A liquid-crystal display (LCD) is a flat-panel display or other electronically modulated optical device that uses the light-modulating properties of liquid crystals combined with polarizers. Liquid crystals do not emit light directlybacklight or reflector to produce images in color or monochrome.seven-segment displays, as in a digital clock, are all good examples of devices with these displays. They use the same basic technology, except that arbitrary images are made from a matrix of small pixels, while other displays have larger elements. LCDs can either be normally on (positive) or off (negative), depending on the polarizer arrangement. For example, a character positive LCD with a backlight will have black lettering on a background that is the color of the backlight, and a character negative LCD will have a black background with the letters being of the same color as the backlight. Optical filters are added to white on blue LCDs to give them their characteristic appearance.

LCDs are used in a wide range of applications, including LCD televisions, computer monitors, instrument panels, aircraft cockpit displays, and indoor and outdoor signage. Small LCD screens are common in LCD projectors and portable consumer devices such as digital cameras, watches, calculators, and mobile telephones, including smartphones. LCD screens have replaced heavy, bulky and less energy-efficient cathode-ray tube (CRT) displays in nearly all applications. The phosphors used in CRTs make them vulnerable to image burn-in when a static image is displayed on a screen for a long time, e.g., the table frame for an airline flight schedule on an indoor sign. LCDs do not have this weakness, but are still susceptible to image persistence.

Each pixel of an LCD typically consists of a layer of molecules aligned between two transparent electrodes, often made of Indium-Tin oxide (ITO) and two polarizing filters (parallel and perpendicular polarizers), the axes of transmission of which are (in most of the cases) perpendicular to each other. Without the liquid crystal between the polarizing filters, light passing through the first filter would be blocked by the second (crossed) polarizer. Before an electric field is applied, the orientation of the liquid-crystal molecules is determined by the alignment at the surfaces of electrodes. In a twisted nematic (TN) device, the surface alignment directions at the two electrodes are perpendicular to each other, and so the molecules arrange themselves in a helical structure, or twist. This induces the rotation of the polarization of the incident light, and the device appears gray. If the applied voltage is large enough, the liquid crystal molecules in the center of the layer are almost completely untwisted and the polarization of the incident light is not rotated as it passes through the liquid crystal layer. This light will then be mainly polarized perpendicular to the second filter, and thus be blocked and the pixel will appear black. By controlling the voltage applied across the liquid crystal layer in each pixel, light can be allowed to pass through in varying amounts thus constituting different levels of gray.

The chemical formula of the liquid crystals used in LCDs may vary. Formulas may be patented.Sharp Corporation. The patent that covered that specific mixture expired.

Most color LCD systems use the same technique, with color filters used to generate red, green, and blue subpixels. The LCD color filters are made with a photolithography process on large glass sheets that are later glued with other glass sheets containing a TFT array, spacers and liquid crystal, creating several color LCDs that are then cut from one another and laminated with polarizer sheets. Red, green, blue and black photoresists (resists) are used. All resists contain a finely ground powdered pigment, with particles being just 40 nanometers across. The black resist is the first to be applied; this will create a black grid (known in the industry as a black matrix) that will separate red, green and blue subpixels from one another, increasing contrast ratios and preventing light from leaking from one subpixel onto other surrounding subpixels.Super-twisted nematic LCD, where the variable twist between tighter-spaced plates causes a varying double refraction birefringence, thus changing the hue.

LCD in a Texas Instruments calculator with top polarizer removed from device and placed on top, such that the top and bottom polarizers are perpendicular. As a result, the colors are inverted.

The optical effect of a TN device in the voltage-on state is far less dependent on variations in the device thickness than that in the voltage-off state. Because of this, TN displays with low information content and no backlighting are usually operated between crossed polarizers such that they appear bright with no voltage (the eye is much more sensitive to variations in the dark state than the bright state). As most of 2010-era LCDs are used in television sets, monitors and smartphones, they have high-resolution matrix arrays of pixels to display arbitrary images using backlighting with a dark background. When no image is displayed, different arrangements are used. For this purpose, TN LCDs are operated between parallel polarizers, whereas IPS LCDs feature crossed polarizers. In many applications IPS LCDs have replaced TN LCDs, particularly in smartphones. Both the liquid crystal material and the alignment layer material contain ionic compounds. If an electric field of one particular polarity is applied for a long period of time, this ionic material is attracted to the surfaces and degrades the device performance. This is avoided either by applying an alternating current or by reversing the polarity of the electric field as the device is addressed (the response of the liquid crystal layer is identical, regardless of the polarity of the applied field).

Displays for a small number of individual digits or fixed symbols (as in digital watches and pocket calculators) can be implemented with independent electrodes for each segment.alphanumeric or variable graphics displays are usually implemented with pixels arranged as a matrix consisting of electrically connected rows on one side of the LC layer and columns on the other side, which makes it possible to address each pixel at the intersections. The general method of matrix addressing consists of sequentially addressing one side of the matrix, for example by selecting the rows one-by-one and applying the picture information on the other side at the columns row-by-row. For details on the various matrix addressing schemes see passive-matrix and active-matrix addressed LCDs.

LCDs are manufactured in cleanrooms borrowing techniques from semiconductor manufacturing and using large sheets of glass whose size has increased over time. Several displays are manufactured at the same time, and then cut from the sheet of glass, also known as the mother glass or LCD glass substrate. The increase in size allows more displays or larger displays to be made, just like with increasing wafer sizes in semiconductor manufacturing. The glass sizes are as follows:

Until Gen 8, manufacturers would not agree on a single mother glass size and as a result, different manufacturers would use slightly different glass sizes for the same generation. Some manufacturers have adopted Gen 8.6 mother glass sheets which are only slightly larger than Gen 8.5, allowing for more 50 and 58 inch LCDs to be made per mother glass, specially 58 inch LCDs, in which case 6 can be produced on a Gen 8.6 mother glass vs only 3 on a Gen 8.5 mother glass, significantly reducing waste.AGC Inc., Corning Inc., and Nippon Electric Glass.

In 1888,Friedrich Reinitzer (1858–1927) discovered the liquid crystalline nature of cholesterol extracted from carrots (that is, two melting points and generation of colors) and published his findings at a meeting of the Vienna Chemical Society on May 3, 1888 (F. Reinitzer: Beiträge zur Kenntniss des Cholesterins, Monatshefte für Chemie (Wien) 9, 421–441 (1888)).Otto Lehmann published his work "Flüssige Kristalle" (Liquid Crystals). In 1911, Charles Mauguin first experimented with liquid crystals confined between plates in thin layers.

In 1922, Georges Friedel described the structure and properties of liquid crystals and classified them in three types (nematics, smectics and cholesterics). In 1927, Vsevolod Frederiks devised the electrically switched light valve, called the Fréedericksz transition, the essential effect of all LCD technology. In 1936, the Marconi Wireless Telegraph company patented the first practical application of the technology, "The Liquid Crystal Light Valve". In 1962, the first major English language publication Molecular Structure and Properties of Liquid Crystals was published by Dr. George W. Gray.RCA found that liquid crystals had some interesting electro-optic characteristics and he realized an electro-optical effect by generating stripe-patterns in a thin layer of liquid crystal material by the application of a voltage. This effect is based on an electro-hydrodynamic instability forming what are now called "Williams domains" inside the liquid crystal.

In 1964, George H. Heilmeier, then working at the RCA laboratories on the effect discovered by Williams achieved the switching of colors by field-induced realignment of dichroic dyes in a homeotropically oriented liquid crystal. Practical problems with this new electro-optical effect made Heilmeier continue to work on scattering effects in liquid crystals and finally the achievement of the first operational liquid-crystal display based on what he called the George H. Heilmeier was inducted in the National Inventors Hall of FameIEEE Milestone.

In the late 1960s, pioneering work on liquid crystals was undertaken by the UK"s Royal Radar Establishment at Malvern, England. The team at RRE supported ongoing work by George William Gray and his team at the University of Hull who ultimately discovered the cyanobiphenyl liquid crystals, which had correct stability and temperature properties for application in LCDs.

The idea of a TFT-based liquid-crystal display (LCD) was conceived by Bernard Lechner of RCA Laboratories in 1968.dynamic scattering mode (DSM) LCD that used standard discrete MOSFETs.

On December 4, 1970, the twisted nematic field effect (TN) in liquid crystals was filed for patent by Hoffmann-LaRoche in Switzerland, (Swiss patent No. 532 261) with Wolfgang Helfrich and Martin Schadt (then working for the Central Research Laboratories) listed as inventors.Brown, Boveri & Cie, its joint venture partner at that time, which produced TN displays for wristwatches and other applications during the 1970s for the international markets including the Japanese electronics industry, which soon produced the first digital quartz wristwatches with TN-LCDs and numerous other products. James Fergason, while working with Sardari Arora and Alfred Saupe at Kent State University Liquid Crystal Institute, filed an identical patent in the United States on April 22, 1971.ILIXCO (now LXD Incorporated), produced LCDs based on the TN-effect, which soon superseded the poor-quality DSM types due to improvements of lower operating voltages and lower power consumption. Tetsuro Hama and Izuhiko Nishimura of Seiko received a US patent dated February 1971, for an electronic wristwatch incorporating a TN-LCD.

In 1972, the concept of the active-matrix thin-film transistor (TFT) liquid-crystal display panel was prototyped in the United States by T. Peter Brody"s team at Westinghouse, in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.Westinghouse Research Laboratories demonstrated the first thin-film-transistor liquid-crystal display (TFT LCD).high-resolution and high-quality electronic visual display devices use TFT-based active matrix displays.active-matrix liquid-crystal display (AM LCD) in 1974, and then Brody coined the term "active matrix" in 1975.

In 1972 North American Rockwell Microelectronics Corp introduced the use of DSM LCDs for calculators for marketing by Lloyds Electronics Inc, though these required an internal light source for illumination.Sharp Corporation followed with DSM LCDs for pocket-sized calculators in 1973Seiko and its first 6-digit TN-LCD quartz wristwatch, and Casio"s "Casiotron". Color LCDs based on Guest-Host interaction were invented by a team at RCA in 1968.TFT LCDs similar to the prototypes developed by a Westinghouse team in 1972 were patented in 1976 by a team at Sharp consisting of Fumiaki Funada, Masataka Matsuura, and Tomio Wada,

In 1983, researchers at Brown, Boveri & Cie (BBC) Research Center, Switzerland, invented the passive matrix-addressed LCDs. H. Amstutz et al. were listed as inventors in the corresponding patent applications filed in Switzerland on July 7, 1983, and October 28, 1983. Patents were granted in Switzerland CH 665491, Europe EP 0131216,

The first color LCD televisions were developed as handheld televisions in Japan. In 1980, Hattori Seiko"s R&D group began development on color LCD pocket televisions.Seiko Epson released the first LCD television, the Epson TV Watch, a wristwatch equipped with a small active-matrix LCD television.dot matrix TN-LCD in 1983.Citizen Watch,TFT LCD.computer monitors and LCD televisions.3LCD projection technology in the 1980s, and licensed it for use in projectors in 1988.compact, full-color LCD projector.

In 1990, under different titles, inventors conceived electro optical effects as alternatives to twisted nematic field effect LCDs (TN- and STN- LCDs). One approach was to use interdigital electrodes on one glass substrate only to produce an electric field essentially parallel to the glass substrates.Germany by Guenter Baur et al. and patented in various countries.Hitachi work out various practical details of the IPS technology to interconnect the thin-film transistor array as a matrix and to avoid undesirable stray fields in between pixels.

Hitachi also improved the viewing angle dependence further by optimizing the shape of the electrodes (Super IPS). NEC and Hitachi become early manufacturers of active-matrix addressed LCDs based on the IPS technology. This is a milestone for implementing large-screen LCDs having acceptable visual performance for flat-panel computer monitors and television screens. In 1996, Samsung developed the optical patterning technique that enables multi-domain LCD. Multi-domain and In Plane Switching subsequently remain the dominant LCD designs through 2006.South Korea and Taiwan,

In 2007 the image quality of LCD televisions surpassed the image quality of cathode-ray-tube-based (CRT) TVs.LCD TVs were projected to account 50% of the 200 million TVs to be shipped globally in 2006, according to Displaybank.Toshiba announced 2560 × 1600 pixels on a 6.1-inch (155 mm) LCD panel, suitable for use in a tablet computer,

In 2016, Panasonic developed IPS LCDs with a contrast ratio of 1,000,000:1, rivaling OLEDs. This technology was later put into mass production as dual layer, dual panel or LMCL (Light Modulating Cell Layer) LCDs. The technology uses 2 liquid crystal layers instead of one, and may be used along with a mini-LED backlight and quantum dot sheets.

Since LCDs produce no light of their own, they require external light to produce a visible image.backlight. Active-matrix LCDs are almost always backlit.Transflective LCDs combine the features of a backlit transmissive display and a reflective display.

CCFL: The LCD panel is lit either by two cold cathode fluorescent lamps placed at oppos