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Reports suggest that Apple is getting closer to implementing MicroLED in its future product releases, including the Apple Watch, with the display technology potentially offering a number of benefits compared to other methods. AppleInsider explains how the current TFT and OLED display technologies work, and how MicroLED differs.

MicroLED shows promise as a display technology, potentially offering power savings and a reduced screen thickness when put beside current-generation display panels. Apple has recognized the potential, and has invested heavily into developing the technology over the last few years, with a view to using it in the company"s future products.

To understand fully how MicroLED can benefit Apple, it is worth understanding how the commonly-used display technologies work in the first place, before examining how different MicroLED really is in a comparison.

The most common display technology used by consumer products today, and the oldest of the technologies examined in this article, TFT"s full name of TFT LCD stands for Thin-film-transistor liquid-crystal display. This technology is extensively used by Apple in its products, found in iPads, iPhones, MacBooks, and iMac lines.

The LCD part relates to the concept of defining small translucent or transparent areas in a thin and flexible liquid crystal-filled panel, like the displays used in calculators. Passing current through the segment changes the molecular properties of the defined segment area, allowing it to switch between being see-through or opaque.

TFT takes this a stage further, by effectively covering an entire panel with a grid of isolated liquid crystal segments, which again can vary between opaque and transparent based on the level of electrical current. In this case, there are far more segments needed to make up the display than with a normal calculator.

Polarizing filters on either side of the TFT display sandwich are used to prevent light from passing through directly, with the liquid crystal reaction of each segment affecting polarized light passing through the first filter to go through the second.

Sometimes these types of display are known as "LED," but this somewhat of a misnomer, as this actually refers to the use of Light Emitting Diodes as a light source. The LED backlight shines light through the various layers making up the TFT LCD.

Displays that use collections of LEDs as individual pixels do exist, but it isn"t usually found in consumer products. LED screens are commonly used for billboards, in attractions, and as a large-scale display for events.

TFT LCD screens continue to be widely used in production for a number of reasons. Manufacturers have spent a long time perfecting the production of the display panels to make it as cheap as possible, while its high usage allows it to benefit from economies of scale.

Used in consumer devices in a similar way to TFT LCD, OLED (Organic Light-Emitting Diode) is a display technology that is similar in the basic concept, but differs considerably in its execution. Again, the idea is for a thin panel to be divided up into segments, with charge applied to each section to alter its molecular properties, but that"s where the techniques diverge.

These self-emitting pixels gives OLED a considerable advantage over LCD-based systems in a number of areas. Most obviously, by not needing a backlight, OLED panels can be made far thinner than an equivalent LCD-based display, allowing for the production of thinner devices or more internal area for other components, like a larger battery.

The power efficiency of OLED panels can be far greater, as while a TFT screen requires an always-on backlight, the brightness of OLED pixels themselves determine power usage, with a black pixel consuming no power at all. OLED screens are also faster to respond than LCD displays, making them more useful for VR displays, where response time needs to be as rapid as possible.

This also allows OLED to provide superior contrast ratios compared to TFT, as the lack of backlight bleed-through that occurs in TFT simply doesn"t happen in OLED.

OLED also can be produced on plastic substrates instead of glass, allowing it to be used to create flexible displays. While this is currently embodied in curved and other non-flat screens in some devices, it has the potential to be employed in foldable smartphones or rolled up for storage, an area Apple is also allegedly examining.

Despite the advantages, OLED is still lagging behind TFT in terms of adoption. The cost of production is far higher, in part due to the need for extremely clean environments, as a single speck of dust can potentially ruining a display during fabrication.

OLED panels are also affected by the presence of water, both in production and in use. Small amounts of water contacting the organic substrate can cause immediate damage to the display, rendering parts of the screen useless.

So far, Apple"s usage of OLED consists of the premium iPhone X and the Apple Watch. As the cost of production drops down, it is plausible for Apple to use OLED in more future products, providing a better screen for customers to use.

Thought to be the next big thing in display technology, MicroLED basically takes the idea of using LEDs for pixels in a large stadium-style screen and miniaturizes it all.

Using extremely small LEDs, three MicroLEDs are put together to create each pixel, with each subpixel emitting a different color from the usual red, blue, and green selection. As each LED emits light, there is no need for a backlight as used in TFT screens.

MicroLED doesn"t use an organic compound to produce light, making it less susceptible to failure compared to OLED. Just like OLED, it can be applied onto a flexible material, allowing it to be used for curved displays or non-stationary components, like a watch strap, and can result in an extremely thin display panel.

MicroLED offers the same lower power consumption and high contrast ratio benefits as OLED when compared to TFT. However, MicroLED is also capable of producing a far brighter image than OLED, up to 30 times brighter, and is in theory more efficient in converting electricity into light.

As a relatively new and in-development technology, the cost of MicroLED production is extremely high in comparison to the more established OLED and TFT mass production lines, in part due to lower than required yields. Manufacturing equipment vendors have produced hardware for MicroLED production that cuts defects in half and reduces deposition deviance from 3 nanometers down to 1 nanometer, but it is unclear if this is enough to help mass production move forward.

While MicroLED is an attractive proposition for Apple, it is not the only technology under development by the company"s engineers. Apple has previously filed patent applications for a technology described as "Quantum Dot LED and OLED Integration for High Efficiency Displays."

Quantum Dots are photoluminescent particles included in an LED-backed TFT display that can produce brighter and more vibrant colors, with the colors produced depending on their size. While available in current QLED televisions, the technology is only really being used to enhance the backlight, rather than being used to illuminate individual pixels.

Image: Lee, Changhee & BAE, Wanki & KWAK, Jeonghun. (2014). "Quantum Dot LED (QLED) Emerging as a Next-generation Display Technology" in Physics and High Technology

Under Apple"s implementation, thought to be a "true quantum dot" (QD) system, the dot will emit light on demand without needing a backlight. For true QD, the photoluminescent dots are instead replaced by electroluminescent nanoparticles which are capable of such emissions.

The technology in theory can create an even thinner display than OLED, along with a more streamlined manufacturing process. True QD displays are also capable of high pixel densities of up to 1,000ppi, multiple times the density required to be called a Retina-quality display, and based on Apple"s hybrid invention, will also boast the response times of OLED technology.

As is usually the case, Apple does produce a considerable number of patent applications every week that are filed with the US Patent and Trademark Office, and not everything it files will be fully commercialized.

The QD patent application certainly shows Apple is thinking about display technology in multiple ways, and how it can be applied to future devices, but short of getting firm supply chain information or an official announcement from Apple directly, it is difficult to confirm which direction it will be heading.

Apple has been interested in using the technology for some time now, with the first notable sign being its acquisition of LuxVue in May 2014, alongside assorted related patents. A MicroLED specialist, LuxVue was rumored to have been the display producer for the ill-fated Google Glass headset, but was also the holder of assorted patents in the LED display field, including MicroLED.

At the time, the acquisition was thought to be an attempt by Apple to bring part of its display technology development in-house, with suggestions the MicroLED technology would be used in another rumored-at-the-time device, the Apple Watch. A more recent report suggests Apple is working with TSMC to make small panels for a future premium Apple Watch, potentially starting mass production by the end of the year.

Apple has also reportedly set up a secret facility just 15 minutes away from Apple Park, believed to be used for developing MicroLED. The 62,000 square-foot facility is thought to house around 300 engineers on a project named "T159," relating directly to the technology"s development.

The facility is also claimed to be sufficient in size to perform small scale manufacturing of display panels, allowing the company to keep development and testing in-house without involving third-parties. Considering Apple"s previous history in developing technologies before issuing information to manufacturing partners, it is possible that Apple is trying to work out the kinks in production before suppliers even attempt to make MicroLED panels.

The rumored small screen production may be for the Apple Watch now, but it may also benefit another often-rumored device, namely the VR or AR headset. This type of hardware relies on light components to keep the weight off the user"s head and neck, as well as displays with a high refresh rate and as close to perfect color reproduction as possible.

Apple is also apparently planning to use the technology in larger displays, said to be bigger in size than those in the MacBook Pro lines. This could be an iMac or iMac Pro, or even an external display, but ultimately there"s no real indication of Apple"s plans at this point, regardless of the scale of the screen.

Reports from last year also suggest Apple"s investment in MicroLED was a cause for concern for Samsung, LG, and other South Korean suppliers who provide display panels for the company"s products. Owning the process for MicroLED manufacturing could allow Apple to migrate away from its existing display suppliers in the coming years, reducing revenues and profits.

Aside from Apple"s development, there has been little in the way of announcements from other firms for products using the technology that could be bought by consumers in the coming months. The exception is Samsung, Apple"s main rival in the mobile marketplace and a major supplier of display panels, but its usage of MicroLED is not aimed at producing smaller screens.

The impending use of the technology in a high-priced consumer product could be considered proof that MicroLED display technology is maturing enough for use in devices. If the reports claiming Apple is getting close to mass producing panels is true, the inclusion of MicroLED in the Apple Watch could end up being the first mainstream usage of the technology.

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When comparing the Galaxy Watch Active 2 with the competitors of the Apple Watch Series 5, many media units used to often think that Apple products use the LTPO TFT OLED screen but Samsung did not. However, a recent report from the technology station The Elec shows the opposite. In the latest Galaxy Watch generation, Samsung has used the same LTPO OLED display technology, similar to the Apple Watch Series 4 introduced last year.

Specifically, The Elec said that the Galaxy Watch Active 2’s Super AMOLED screen is behind Samsung Display, which is now in mass production at the A2 factory.

Previously, Samsung Display successfully developed the LTPO TFT panel technology, which was first applied to the Galaxy Watch Active 2 Super AMOLED panel.

LTPO TFT technology was first commercialized on the Apple Watch Series 4, launched in September 2018, almost a year earlier than Samsung’s Smartwatch. For OLED displays, the component responsible for current control is called the TFT panel, and LTPO is the technology that makes this layer.

For a long time, there have been three TFT manufacturing technologies, a-Si, LTPS and Oxide (IGZO), each with their advantages and disadvantages. For LTPO, this is a new hybrid technology between LTPS and oxide that replaces silicon materials with IGZO and uses the LTPS high-temperature production process. Its biggest advantage is the superior energy saving, while Apple wants to take advantage of LTPO TFT to keep the continuously active display function at the lowest performance level. For this performance, the company received the Screen of the Year award from SID.

At the time the Apple Watch Series 4 was launched, the company had not achieved its goal. Only with the just-introduced generation of the 5-series were screen control chips developed that fully exploit the potential of LTPO TFT and help extend battery life when the watch is running continuously. Apple Watch’s OLED panels are manufactured in the E2 line at the Paju plant in Gyeonggi Province, LG Display supplier. This is a more advanced technology than traditional LTPO or IGZO, resulting in lower productivity and high costs.

Back in the case of the Galaxy Watch Series 2, industry sources said that Samsung Display produces 50,000 flexible panels per month from its Gen 5.5 line, which is its highest capacity level. The company has conducted its own research to perfect LTPO TFT technology and manufacturing based on its experience, which is independent of Apple and LG Display. Some say that Samsung Display’s confidence is the reason they are determined to catch up with the technology researched by American companies.

Samsung Display, which is traded a year later as Apple, has not yet been able to introduce new technologies to smartphone screens, so they chose smartwatch as their first app. There are two main obstacles to this. The first is that the cost and complexity of LTPO are higher, resulting in a smaller screen that is more useful than a large screen. The second is that today LTPO TFT cannot compete with the required resolution on smartphones and does not help to save much power because the phone screen is more active than the clock.

In a research note, reliable supply chain analyst KGI’s Ming-Chi Kuo is suggesting that Apple is unlikely to bring AMOLED screens to the iPhone for many years to come, through 2018 at least, and almost certainly not coming to the iPhone 7.

OLED iPhones have been a long-running rumor but Apple has remained steadfast with investments in better LCD panels for the most part. Yield for OLED panels continues to be a big issue given the incredible scale Apple requires for iPhone shipments.

Apple started using AMOLED in its product line this year with the Apple Watch, which takes full advantage of the deep blacks OLED screens can create in its user interface, blurring the line between bezel and screen wherever possible. In an interview earlier this year, Jony Ive called the iPhone screen (which cannot reproduce such an effect as LCD contrast levels are not as good) as ‘old’.

Regardless, The KGI note says that Foxconn is investing in a new $4bn LTPS TFT-LCD plant for iPhone screens, a further indication that Apple is not looking to change screen technology anytime soon. The plant is scheduled for mass production in 2018. Although Apple could change course over three years, the current outlook is definitely against AMOLED. Certainly, don’t bet on the iPhone 7 featuring an AMOLED display.

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iPad OLED panels will cost Apple two to three times as much as competitor companies pay for OLED screens of a similar size, according to a new supply chain report.

While other companies pay $100 to $150 for an OLED panel of 10 inches or so, Apple is expected to pay $270 to $350 due to requiring a significantly higher spec …

We’ve talked before about Apple’s display roadmap. This began with IPS LCD with conventional backlighting, which is still used in older Macs and cheaper iPhones.

OLED is gradually transitioning from smaller screens to larger ones. Apple first adopted OLED in the Apple Watch before bringing it to the iPhone, starting with the iPhone X. The company has not yet used this in either iPads or MacBooks, but is expected to begin this process next year.

It is expected that the price of organic light-emitting diode (OLED) for iPads supplied by domestic panel companies to Apple will be 2 to 3 times that of OLED of the same size as before. There is an analysis that the price will inevitably be expensive because the two-tandem method with two OLED emission layers and high-level technologies such as LTPO TFT are applied.

Based on the coverage of this paper on the 27th, it was found that Apple, LG Display, and Samsung Display are discussing the price of OLED panels for iPads scheduled to be released next year, with 11-inch models at $270 and 13-inch models at $350. The supply price of OLED panels for existing early 10-inch IT products is around $100 to $150.

Specifically, Apple wants to use a glass/film hybride to prevent warping, rather than the cheaper flexible film used by most products; and the company plans to double-up on pixels, to increase brightness and extend longevity.

Scaling up flexible polyamide film used in iPhones to larger iPad and MacBook displays is tricky, as that flexibility can create warping, which might be visible in larger displays. For that reason, Apple is expected to instead use a hybrid glass-polyamide film display – which combines the flexibility needed for slim bezels with the rigidity required to avoid warping.

Apple is also reported to have asked Samsung to use a form known as “two stack tandem OLED,” which uses two layers of pixels instead of one. Doubling up the pixels in this way makes for brighter screens, while also extending their life. The latter is an important factor for iPads and MacBooks, which people typically keep for longer than iPhones.

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I have got something unexpected. This is a knock off, Fake Apple watch. Now obviously there is no real Apple watch yet. But I guess based on the designs and the pictures, they were able to create a replica. It actually works with Android. It came all the way from China.

Smartwatches are defined by their capability to perform host functions and tricks. This combination of functionalities and capabilities make smartwatches alluring and ideal for different user needs. It’s important to consider the pricing and performance of these devices.

However, a smartwatch works best when paired with a compatible phone. As such, we conducted some in-depth research and tested some of the latest IWO smartwatches available on AliExpress.

The IWO 14 and the IWO 14 Pro are replicas of the Apple Watch Series 7 and is the perfect companion for anyone looking to buy a cheap and affordable knock-off.

One of the most fascinating things about this watch is that it looks identical in terms of design and can support a wide range of function such as wireless payments and even comes equipped with a fully loaded health monitoring system, quite like the Apple Watch 7.

The 1.82″ full touch screen display was a delight and the built-in speaker and microphone are an added benefit as they help you make and receive calls in HD.

The IWO 14 smartwatch carries an elegant design which is somewhat similar to the Apple Watch series 7. It is designed with 1.82″ HD IPS display that is curved on the sides, and the rotatable crown can be used change the watch faces, scroll on a page, zoom in/out.

Just beneath the dial is a button to turn the watch on-off or to go back. The body is made of high-quality aluminum alloy which makes it comfortable on the wrist.

I tested out the waterproof rating to see if it’s legit and found that the IP68 rating given to the watch is appropriate as it can be worn on rainy days and even if you’re washing the vessels. However, since it’s only designed for light water, I wouldn’t recommend wearing it out to the sea or submerging the watch under water for extended periods of time.

Under the hood you will find the new Hs6621-A3 chip which is faster and much more responsive. I also liked the fact that the watch comes with Bluetooth 5.0, which means that you will not experience any unwarranted disconnections of loss of signal.

I also found that the 220mAh battery provides up to 7 days of run time from a single charge which is pretty decent considering this was the lifetime with every sensor and feature enabled including notifications and taking calls via the watch.

The IWO14 and IWO14 Pro are fantastic fake Apple Watches to own and will provide you with all you need to stay connected while keeping an eye on your health metrics. The watch is reliable and is made from good quality materials which has resulted in it being one of the best fake Apple Watch Series 7 models around that you can get on a tight budget.

The IWO 13 speaks to the needs of any Smartwatch user who’s looking to optimize the potent functions and features and leverage them to lead a well-balanced lifestyle.

When you open the box, the first thing you are greeted with is the actual fake Apple watch. It has a sticker with the icons on the front as you’ve seen from the various Apple press photographs.

The key factor here is that when you’re dealing with a fake Apple watch, at least you can figure out what it looks like mounted up, because that might give you some insight into what the actual Apple watch is.

I grabbed some other smart watches for size comparison and I’ve even got the old school iPod nano as a watch in a watch strap. I don’t know if you guys remember this, but this is what people were doing before there was such thing as a Smart Watch.

Here it is up against the LG G-Watch R and as you can tell the G-Watch R is a little bit bigger, a little bit thicker as well. Of course the quality on the G-Watch R is significantly better since it is a finished, official product and not a knockoff.

Here it is up against the original LG G-Watch. Now those are almost identical, of course the FAKE Apple watch face is more of a square compared to more of a rectangle on the original G-Watch, and in this case the Original G-Watch is a little bit slimmer than the knock-off Apple watch.

Sometimes the buttons don’t register but when they do its snappier than I expected it to be. You would assume that the wheel would work in these menus, which it doesn’t. So you’re obviously looking at a very rudimentary smart watch.

There’s no wireless charging. It’s not anywhere as fancy or refined as the actual Apple watch will eventually be. The watch face is adjustable by swiping right to left. If you wanna fool your friends, scam your friends at school, tell them you got the hot new Apple watch and wear this thing on your wrist.

There you have it, the knock-off or fake Apple watch before there’s even a real Apple watch on the market. It’s actually quite amazing what they’re capable of, that the can manufacture these things before there’s an official product on the market, but hey who knows?

Product took almost 2 months to arrive in Brazil and after almost 1 month to deliver me, because the pandemia. Mail is bad. Seller was perfect, answer me at all, this watch is true I checked. Comes with a film and the hood is silicone. Only took because of this whole situation, can trust this store.

The IWO 13 is considered to be the clone of the Apple Watch 6 and for many valid reasons, it is available in two sizes, has an alloy body with silicone straps offering life waterproof rating. While this smartwatch may not match up to the power the Apple Watch has to offer, it’s still something to consider if you’re on a budget.

As stated earlier, the IWO 13 comes in two sizes namely; 40mm and 44mm versions. The body is made of an aluminum alloy while the straps are silicone with a magnetic fastening system. The design and body of the IWO 13 resemble the Apple Watch even to the smallest of details like the digital crown positioning and the pill like button on the side.

When it comes to the display, the Apple Watch 6 clone is not on par with the original piece. There is significant difference in the clarity and resolution of the displays as Apple uses a 1.54″ Retina display whereas the IWO 13 is equipped with a 240 x 240 TFT LCD display.

A plus point of the IWO 13 is that it uses a full touch screen display and a 2.5D glass screen as compared to other Apple clone models that have only a touch key button.

Like other affordable Apple Watch clones, the IWO 13 runs on the MTK2503C chip-set and has 256MB of RAM and 64MB of storage. Though this is quite less and there’s no option to upgrade the internal storage, the IWO 13 comes loaded with a range of health and fitness sensors such as; g-sensor, heart rate monitoring, blood pressure and SPO2.

This smartwatch has basic features (probably because of how much it costs) and you’re able to access calls, messages, social media apps, Bluetooth music support, Photo support, alarm, timer and more.

The IWO 13 may look the part but clearly does not perform anywhere close to the likes of the Apple Watch. Even the software running the device is rather weak and inferior making this watch just a good show piece and not something you’d like to brag about to your friends.

The only good thing about the Apple Watch 6 Clone is that it’s affordable and offers decent health and fitness features. Don’t expect anything else such as the hepatic feedback you get from the original Apple Watch or the LTE capabilities. After all, IWO has been manufacturing Apple Watch clones for a while now and though they don’t match up in terms of performance and capabilities, they have been known to be popular among a certain group of people who can’t get the original Apple Watch and would rather resort to a clone.

The first thing you’ll notice about the IWO 12 Smartwatch is the aesthetic look which resembles that of the Apple watch. This gives the IWO 12 a premium look based on the design elegance that’s used in making the body, removable strap, and curved edges.

This Smartwatch comes in two different sizes the 40 mm and the 44 mm, both of which feature a curved finish and an alloy body. It comes with a 1.54” inch full touch screen with a resolution of 240 x 240-pixel. This provides vibrant colors, sharp images and text, and good graphics.

It’s equipped with MTK2502C processor which saves power and runs faster. The watch is compatible with both IOS and Android. Some of the additional functions include: message and call notifications, stop watch, sleep monitoring, calendar, sedentary reminder, and Bluetooth music player.

The digital crown or the round wheel button works as a return/back button when pressed. Instead of pressing the button to go back to the previous page, simple swipe right to left across the display for the same effect.

Based on quality and availability, the best website to check out for Apple Watch replicas is AliExpress. Most of the big Chinese replica watch brands have their official stores on AliExpress and you can find budget-friendly options easily on the site.

In the review process, we considered the most crucial aspects of a Smartwatch to determine the very best that IWO has to offer. Some of the factors that we looked at include pricing, design, technical specifications, battery life, connectivity, and display.

As Apple has its contract manufacturers like Foxconn and Pegatron building the new 2022 iPhone 14 series that will be unveiled in under four weeks, there have been some issues. The company has had to deal with the chip shortage, a shortage of workers, and problems with the coating on the cameras of some units reportedly cracking. Now, you can add power rationing to the list since it is affecting production at display supplier BOE at its factory in Sichuan, a province in China.

Reuters reports that BOE says it will have to "make adjustments" and it expects that there will be "no major impact on its overall operating performance." BOE has four assembly lines turning out displays in its Sichuan factory. Two produce LCD screens while the other two churn out AMOLED displays. TF International"s reliable Apple analyst Ming-Chi Kuo points out that the company makes a small number of displays for the iPhone 13 series and older models.

BOE could also end up supplying Apple with some screens for the iPhone 14 series. If so, it means that Apple is desperate enough to find suppliers for its iPhone 14 screens that it dismissed BOE"s unilateral decision to widen the width of the thin film transistors (TFT) used on its OLED panels for the iPhone 13 models without informing Apple. For some reason, BOE was delusional enough to believe that Apple wouldn"t notice.

Apparently, BOE"s displays were failing quality-control tests and as a result, it decided to make things easier for it by widening the width of the transistors being used by the screens. Yes, BOE"s little cheat did manage to hike its yields, but it almost cost the company its hard-earned relationship with Apple when the latter figured out the scheme. Lucky for BOE, Apple did decide to give it another chance although as we said, the suits in Cupertino might have begun to feel the sweat beads of desperation first.

Apple is expected to introduce four new models next month. We should see the 6.1-inch iPhone 14, the 6.7-inch iPhone 14 Max, the 6.1-inch iPhone 14 Pro, and the 6.7-inch iPhone Pro Max. Apple is expected to use a better quality display on the Pro models than on the non-Pro models.

Besides the above example, we should see Apple differentiate the Pro and non-Pro models like never before. For example, the Pro models will be powered by the new 4nm A16 Bionic chip while the non-Pro models will be equipped with last year"s 5nm A15 Bionic. In addition, the Pro models will get the new "i cutouts" while the non-Pro models are stuck with the same old notch. And there is more. The premium iPhone 14 handsets will come with 6GB of faster LPDDR5 memory as opposed to the 6GB of slower LPDDR4X on the less-expensive models.

And there are also the usual differences in the camera department, and of course, the Pro models will have the ProMotion display that offers a variable refresh rate that redraws the display up to 120 times each second. And of course, you can expect a difference in pricing between the Pro and non-Pro iPhone 14 models.

While announcing the Apple Watch Series 5, Apple did a very Apple thing: they touted a new feature, hinted at some of the technology behind it, and left some of us with a lot of questions. The biggest one for us under-the-hood types: what is an “LTPO” display, and how does it allow for an always-on face?

We won’t know everything about how Apple’s newest Watch works until we tear it down soon after its Sept. 20 release. In the meantime though, let’s dig into baking crystals, making backplanes, and tweaking refresh rates.

The display industry says that LTPO stands for Low-Temperature Polycrystalline Oxide, but Apple says its watch is powered by a “low-temperature polysilicone and oxide” display (the extra “e” on silicon is in Apple’s original press release). It might just seem like a typo, but Apple is actually using its own blend of materials here. Their display tech is based on three patents it received between 2015 and 2018, as reported by the watchful blog Patently Apple.

Here is a medium-distance overhead view of what Apple has. The display on an Apple Watch, and many newer phone screens, uses AMOLED technology. An AMOLED display is made up of a whole bunch of layers. The most crucial layers are the organic light-emitting diodes (OLED)—a layer of organic material that emits light, through a pixel etched into the glass above it, when stimulated with electrical current—and a dense array of thin film transistors (TFTs) below them, which are arranged into a marvelously complex array of circuits called backplanes. Put more simply: there’s a layer of pixels suspended above an extremely dense set of switches, and those switches control whether each pixel is on or off, how bright they are, and what shade of color comes through.

Apple’s latest advancements are in the materials and control of some of the TFT circuits. They’re using somewhat standard low-temperature polycrystalline silicon (LTPS) materials for the “switching” circuits that, essentially, turn pixels on and off for individual frames every fraction of a second. But Apple is implementing newer Indium Gallium Zinc Oxide (IGZO) for the “driving” circuits that keep the pixels powered with a certain voltage during that frame, determining how bright each pixel should be, and what combination of red, green, and blue to display.

The analysts at IHT Markit estimated that this dual TFT makeup could save 5 to 15 percent in power draw for a screen. There are challenges to manufacturing and implementing IGZO transistor films, including the need for larger transistors that would imply a lower display density, but Apple seems to be comfortable with their implementation, at least comfortable enough to use it in two different Apple Watch generations.

Two different Apple Watch generations, we say? Indeed, Apple implemented LTPO tech into the display of the Series 4, but the always-on display is an exclusive feature to the Series 5.

During the Apple Watch portion of its event, Apple implied that their LTPO tech is the reason the watch can drop its refresh rate and save battery life when it’s not actively being used. But it’s the other components briefly mentioned during the segment, and listed on the news release, that likely make the real difference: “an ultra-low-power display driver, efficient power management integrated circuit, and a new ambient light sensor.” The Series 4 had an ambient light sensor, and notably had a smaller battery than the Series 3, as seen in our teardown—maybe the LTPO savings alone helped Apple get that slimmer profile.

Before we can see them up-close, we’ll have to assume the new power management IC and display driver handle the dropping of refresh rates when the watch is inactive. Which is a really important job.

The refresh rate, stated in Hertz (Hz), or cycles per second, is how often the display—be it on a computer display, television, or tiny watch face—checks with its input to see if there’s something new it should be showing, and then subsequently… refreshes, to show that thing. This is not the same thing as the “frame rate,” or “frames per second” (fps), which is how many frames per second the source of the display can serve up new images. With TVs and computer monitors, it’s not that big a deal if a display is refreshing faster than it needs to, and it’s usually better for the display to always be at the ready. But when you’re not looking at an Apple Watch, there’s no need for the display to be buffering for smooth 60Hz motion, just to show a second hand that ticks once per second.

There’s no need, and it’s a big energy drain. It’s far from a perfect example, but PC Perspective showed how one gaming monitor, with a 165Hz refresh rate, could more than double the power draw from a gaming computer. Apple says it can lower the Apple Watch refresh rate from 60Hz down to 1Hz when the watch is inactive. It’s not the first time Apple has introduced variable refresh rates to save on battery life, either. The iPad Pro’s ProMotion display can vary its rate from 24 up to 120Hz, accommodating slower standard video or fast-reaction drawing with the Apple Pencil, optimizing battery life where possible.

Add this scaling refresh rate to the overhead savings of its LTPO transistors, along with the Apple Watch’s black-framed watchfaces that are geared toward OLED power-saving, and that might just explain how Apple found the room for an always-on display hooked to a tiny battery.

The Apple Studio Display (stylized and marketed as Studio Display) is a 27-inch flat panel computer monitor developed and sold by Apple Inc.Mac Studio desktop, and was released on March 18, 2022. It is Apple"s consumer display, sitting below the Pro Display XDR.

The Studio Display is the first Apple-branded consumer display released since the Apple Thunderbolt Display, which was released in 2011 and discontinued in 2016.LG to design the Thunderbolt 3-enabled UltraFine line, consisting of a 21.5-inch 4K and a 27-inch 5K display.

The Studio Display features a 27-inch, 5K LED-backlit panel, with 5120×2880 resolution at 218 pixels per inch and 600 nits of brightness, an increase from the 500 nits panel used in the LG UltraFine and 27-inch iMac.P3 wide color and True Tone technology.HDR content.spatial audio and Dolby Atmos, and a three-microphone array that supports "Hey Siri".Thunderbolt 3 port that supports DisplayPort 1.4 with Display Stream Compression (DSC) 1.2 and provides up to 96 W of host charging for connected laptops, and three downstream 10 Gbit/s USB-C ports.

The Studio Display includes an Apple A13 Bionic system on a chip to power audio and webcam processing. The built-in webcam supports Center Stage, introduced with the iPad Pro (5th generation), which pinpoints the positions of the users and automatically tracks the camera view accordingly to perspectively center them.iPhone 11.

The Studio Display comes with three mounting options: a tilt-adjustable stand, a tilt- and height-adjustable stand similar to the Pro Display XDR, and a VESA mount. The mounts are built into the display and are not user interchangeable, but can be reconfigured by an Apple Store or authorized service provider after purchase."nano-texture" glass finish to reduce glare.

The Studio Display works with other systems supporting DisplayPort, including Windows-based systems, but only supported Macs have access to features beyond display, speakers and webcam.Boot Camp are supported with version 6.1.17.

Amorphyx has several fundamentally new technology platforms that provide for TFT performance improvements in three areas: (1) Switching speeds, with options to move to the Tera-Hz range ultimately, (2) Power, where the IGZO AMeTFT can achieve even lower power performance than today’s LTPO OLED Pro Motion displays and better refresh range, and (3) Small transistor size.

Our technology platforms are lower cost than the alternatives, and move from amorphous and crystalline semiconductor approaches, to devices based on different effects that do not have a semiconductor at all, yet can still drive a display, drive current, deliver grey scale and switch very fast. Or they can operate a flex IC at higher clock speeds than known today.

For now, our main commercial focus is on IGZO AMeTFT which is fundamentally a potential replacement transistor for LTPS or LTPO used in modern OLED phones and has the capability to replace more highly compensated LTPO circuits in modern Smartphone displays due to enhanced stability.

If you want to buy a new monitor, you might wonder what kind of display technologies I should choose. In today’s market, there are two main types of computer monitors: TFT LCD monitors & IPS monitors.

The word TFT means Thin Film Transistor. It is the technology that is used in LCD displays.  We have additional resources if you would like to learn more about what is a TFT Display. This type of LCDs is also categorically referred to as an active-matrix LCD.

These LCDs can hold back some pixels while using other pixels so the LCD screen will be using a very minimum amount of energy to function (to modify the liquid crystal molecules between two electrodes). TFT LCDs have capacitors and transistors. These two elements play a key part in ensuring that the TFT display monitor functions by using a very small amount of energy while still generating vibrant, consistent images.

Industry nomenclature: TFT LCD panels or TFT screens can also be referred to as TN (Twisted Nematic) Type TFT displays or TN panels, or TN screen technology.

IPS (in-plane-switching) technology is like an improvement on the traditional TFT LCD display module in the sense that it has the same basic structure, but has more enhanced features and more widespread usability.

Both TFT display and IPS display are active-matrix displays, neither can’t emit light on their own like OLED displays and have to be used with a back-light of white bright light to generate the picture. Newer panels utilize LED backlight (light-emitting diodes) to generate their light hence utilizing less power and requiring less depth by design. Neither TFT display nor IPS display can produce color, there is a layer of RGB (red, green, blue) color filter in each LCD pixels to produce the color consumers see. If you use a magnifier to inspect your monitor, you will see RGB color in each pixel. With an on/off switch and different level of brightness RGB, we can get many colors.

Winner. IPS TFT screens have around 0.3 milliseconds response time while TN TFT screens responds around 10 milliseconds which makes the latter unsuitable for gaming

Winner. the images that IPS displays create are much more pristine and original than that of the TFT screen. IPS displays do this by making the pixels function in a parallel way. Because of such placing, the pixels can reflect light in a better way, and because of that, you get a better image within the display.

As the display screen made with IPS technology is mostly wide-set, it ensures that the aspect ratio of the screen would be wider. This ensures better visibility and a more realistic viewing experience with a stable effect.

Winner. While the TFT LCD has around 15% more power consumption vs IPS LCD, IPS has a lower transmittance which forces IPS displays to consume more power via backlights. TFT LCD helps battery life.

Normally, high-end products, such as Apple Mac computer monitors and Samsung mobile phones, generally use IPS panels. Some high-end TV and mobile phones even use AMOLED (Active Matrix Organic Light Emitting Diodes) displays. This cutting edge technology provides even better color reproduction, clear image quality, better color gamut, less power consumption when compared to LCD technology.

This kind of touch technology was first introduced by Steve Jobs in the first-generation iPhone. Of course, a TFT LCD display can always meet the basic needs at the most efficient price. An IPS display can make your monitor standing out.