simple explanation of lcd displays pricelist

2023-01-03 12:32:11

A drop in flat-panel monitor prices over the last several months will continue through the first half of the year until hitting record lows, according to new projections from market researcher DisplaySearch. Flat-panel monitors use LCD (liquid crystal display) glass, which had been in short supply, keeping prices high.

The average price for a 15-inch active-matrix panel is currently $874, according to DisplaySearch. But by midyear, the company asserts, prices should drop to $499. Similar reductions in price are expected for 12.1-, 13- and 14.1-inch panels.

"We expect prices to drop even more than before," Ross Young, DisplaySearch"s president, said Thursday. "The real message here is that prices for panels and notebooks will be very good for consumers over the next six months."

The price reductions are the result of a recent increase in manufacturing capacity. In the late 1990s, growing demand in notebooks, handheld devices and cell phones prompted manufacturers to invest in plants for LCD manufacturing. LCD glass is the main and most expensive component in a flat-panel monitor. Notebooks account for 61.4 percent of the LCD market.

Andy Klopstad, a manager of notebooks at Gateway, estimates that a flat-panel monitor accounts for about 35 percent to 40 percent of the cost of a notebook.

However, Klopstad said, don"t expect dramatic reductions in notebook prices. Consumers should instead expect to get more features and bigger displays for their money.

simple explanation of lcd displays pricelist

LCD panel prices have risen for 4 months in a row because of your home gaming? Since this year, the whole LCD panel market has smoked. Whether after the outbreak of the epidemic, LCD panel market prices rose for four months, or the panel giants in Japan and South Korea successively sold production lines, or the Chinese mainland listed companies frequently integrated acquisition, investment, and plant construction, all make the industry full of interesting.

LCD panel prices are already a fact. Since May this year, LCD panel prices have risen for four months in a row, making the whole industry chain dynamic. Why are LCD panels going up in price in a volatile 2020? The key factor lies in the imbalance between supply and demand.

The price of LCDS for large-size TVs of 70 inches or more hasn’t budged much. In addition, LTPS screens and AMOLED screens used in high-end phones have seen little or no increase in price.

As for October, LCD panel price increases are expected to moderate. The data shows that in October 32 inches or 2 dollars; Gains of 39.5 to 43 inches will shrink to $3;55 inches will fall back below $10; The 65-inch gain will narrow to $5.

During the epidemic, people stayed at home and had no way to go out for entertainment. They relied on TV sets, PCS, and game consoles for entertainment. After the resumption of economic work and production, the market of traditional home appliances picked up rapidly, and LCD production capacity was quickly digested.

However, due to the shutdown of most factories lasting 1-2 months during the epidemic period, LCD panel production capacity was limited, leading to insufficient production capacity in the face of the market outbreak, which eventually led to the market shortage and price increase for 4 consecutive months.

In fact, the last round of price rise of LCD panels was from 2016 to 2017, and its overall market price has continued to fall since 2018. Even in 2019, individual types have fallen below the material cost, and the whole industry has experienced a general operating loss. As a result, LCD makers have been looking for ways to improve margins since last year.

A return to a reasonable price range is the most talked about topic among panel makers in 2019, according to one practitioner. Some manufacturers for the serious loss of the product made the decision to reduce production or even stop production; Some manufacturers planned to raise the price, but due to the epidemic in 2020, the downstream demand was temporarily suppressed and the price increase was postponed. After the outbreak was contained in April, LCD prices began to rise in mid-to-late May.

This kind of price correction is in line with the law of industrial development. Only with reasonable profit space can the whole industry be stimulated to move forward.

In fact, the market price of LCD panels continued to decline in 2018-2019 because of the accelerated rise of China’s LCD industry and the influx of a large number of local manufacturers, which doubled the global LCD panel production capacity within a few years, but there was no suitable application market to absorb it. The result of excess capacity is oversupply, ultimately making LCD panel prices remain depressed.

Against this background, combined with the impact of the epidemic in 2020, the operating burden of LCD companies in Japan and South Korea has been further aggravated, and it is difficult to make profits in the production of LCD panels, so they have to announce the withdrawal of LCD business.

business in June 2022. In August, Sharp bought JDI Baishan, a plant in Ishikawa prefecture that makes liquid crystal display panels for smartphones. In early September, Samsung Display sold a majority stake in its SUZHOU LCD production plant to Starlight Electronics Technology, a unit of TCL Technology Group. LGD has not only pulled out of some of its production capacity but has announced that it will close its local production line in 2020. According to DSCC, a consultancy, the share of LCD production capacity in South Korea alone will fall from 19% to 7% between 2020 and 2021.

It is worth mentioning that in industry analysis, in view of the fact that Korean companies are good at using “dig through old bonus – selling high price – the development of new technology” the cycle of development mode, another 2020 out of the LCD production capacity, the main reason may be: taking the advantage of China’s expanding aggressively LCD manufacturers, Korean companies will own LCD panel production line hot sell, eliminating capacity liquid to extract its final value, and turning to the more profitable advantage of a new generation of display technologies, such as thinner, color display better OLED, etc. Samsung, for example, has captured more than 80% of the OLED market with its first-mover advantage.

From the perspective of production capacity, the launch of LCD tracks by major manufacturers in Japan and South Korea must reduce some production capacity in the short term, which to some extent induces market price fluctuations. In the long run, some of the Japanese and Korean LCD production capacity has been bought by Chinese manufacturers, coupled with frequent investment in recent years, the overall capacity is sure to recover as before, or even more than before. But now it will take time to expand the production layout, which more or less will cause supply imbalance, the industry needs to be cautious.

The LCD panel industry started in the United States and then gradually moved to Japan, South Korea, China, and Taiwan. At present, the proportion of production capacity in The Chinese mainland has reached 52% in 2020, and there are leading LCD panel products in China represented by BOE, Huxing Optoelectronics. Meanwhile, the production capacity layout of BOE, Huike, Huxing Optoelectronics, and other manufacturers has been basically completed, making industrial integration a necessity.

On the one hand, South Korean enterprises out of the LCD track, the domestic factory horse enclosure, plant expansion action. While LCDs may not sell as well as “upstart” flexible screens, respondents believe they are still strong enough in the traditional home appliance market to warrant continued investment. Zhao Bin, general manager of TCL Huaxing Development Center, has said publicly that the next-generation display technology will be mature in four to five years, but the commercialization of products may not take place until a decade later. “LCD will still be the mainstream in this decade,” he said.

On the other hand, there is no risk of neck jam in China’s LCD panel industry, which is generally controllable. In mainland China, there will be 21 production lines capable of producing 32-inch or larger LCD panels by 2021, accounting for about two-thirds of the global total. In terms of the proportion of production capacity, the Chinese mainland accounted for 42% of the global LCD panel in 2019, 51% this year, and will continue to climb to 63% next year.

Of course, building factories and expanding production cannot be accomplished overnight. In the process of production capacity recovery, it is predicted that there will be several price fluctuations, and the cost may be passed on to the downstream LCD panel manufacturers or consumers when the price rises greatly, which requires continuous attention.

simple explanation of lcd displays pricelist

Photo: A trick of the polarized light: rotate one pair of polarizing sunglasses past another and you can block out virtually all the light that normally passes through.

Photo: A less well known trick of polarized light: it makes crystals gleam with amazing spectral colors due to a phenomenon called pleochroism. Photo of protein and virus crystals, many of which were grown in space. Credit: Dr. Alex McPherson, University of California, Irvine. Photo courtesy of NASA Marshall Space Flight Center (NASA-MSFC).

Photo: Prove to yourself that an LCD display uses polarized light. Simply put on a pair of polarizing sunglasses and rotate your head (or the display). You"ll see the display at its brightest at one angle and at its darkest at exactly 90 degrees to that angle.

Photo: How liquid crystals switch light on and off. In one orientation, polarized light cannot pass through the crystals so they appear dark (left side photo). In a different orientation, polarized light passes through okay so the crystals appear bright (right side photo). We can make the crystals change orientation—and switch their pixels on and off—simply by applying an electric field. Photo from liquid crystal research by David Weitz courtesy of NASA Marshall Space Flight Center (NASA-MSFC).

simple explanation of lcd displays pricelist

To create an LCD, you take two pieces ofpolarized glass. A special polymer that creates microscopic grooves in the surface is rubbed on the side of the glass that does not have the polarizing film on it. The grooves must be in the same direction as the polarizing film. You then add a coating of nematic liquid crystals to one of the filters. The grooves will cause the first layer of molecules to align with the filter"s orientation. Then add the second piece of glass with the polarizing film at a right angle to the first piece. Each successive layer of TN molecules will gradually twist until the uppermost layer is at a 90-degree angle to the bottom, matching the polarized glass filters.

As light strikes the first filter, it is polarized. The molecules in each layer then guide the light they receive to the next layer. As the light passes through the liquid crystal layers, the molecules also change the light"s plane of vibration to match their own angle. When the light reaches the far side of the liquid crystal substance, it vibrates at the same angle as the final layer of molecules. If the final layer is matched up with the second polarized glass filter, then the light will pass through.

If we apply an electric charge to liquid crystal molecules, they untwist. When they straighten out, they change the angle of the light passing through them so that it no longer matches the angle of the top polarizing filter. Consequently, no light can pass through that area of the LCD, which makes that area darker than the surrounding areas.

Building a simple LCD is easier than you think. Your start with the sandwich of glass and liquid crystals described above and add two transparent electrodes to it. For example, imagine that you want to create the simplest possible LCD with just a single rectangular electrode on it. The layers would look like this:

The LCD needed to do this job is very basic. It has a mirror (A) in back, which makes it reflective. Then, we add a piece of glass (B) with a polarizing film on the bottom side, and a common electrode plane (C) made of indium-tin oxide on top. A common electrode plane covers the entire area of the LCD. Above that is the layer of liquid crystal substance (D). Next comes another piece of glass (E) with an electrode in the shape of the rectangle on the bottom and, on top, another polarizing film (F), at a right angle to the first one.

The electrode is hooked up to a power source like a battery. When there is no current, light entering through the front of the LCD will simply hit the mirror and bounce right back out. But when the battery supplies current to the electrodes, the liquid crystals between the common-plane electrode and the electrode shaped like a rectangle untwist and block the light in that region from passing through. That makes the LCD show the rectangle as a black area.

simple explanation of lcd displays pricelist

These LCD displays are the most common among others, mainly because they are lightweight, produce the best images, and use less power. The display is composed of millions of pixels that form images.

If you are looking for information about LCD Monitors (see HP monitors) then you are at the right place. You will find everything you want to know about LCD Monitor with its definition, description, function, benefits, how to use it, where to buy, and links for reviews and comparisons to make the most out of your investment.

An LCD monitor (Liquid Crystal Display Monitor) is a video display device commonly used in computers and televisions. It is a flat panel display as opposed to the more traditional cathode-ray tube (CRT) for television sets and oscilloscope monitors.

Also, this flat panel display has other advantages over CRT displays that include higher resolution, brighter images, better contrast ratios, deeper black ranges, more color palettes, and most importantly extremely lower power demands. In most cases, LCD monitors are lightweight and thinner than CRT monitors, which makes them perfect as portable monitors, too.

There are various types of LCD monitors on the market, with each having its pros and cons. Some are designed to provide wide viewing angles, while others are made to provide great image quality. If you are looking for an LCD monitor for your Mac Mini, PC, or laptop, here are the main types to choose from;

Twisted Nematic (TN) is one of the most common LCD technologies. It has been the dominant technology for regular home and office displays from 2001 to 2010 until it was replaced by better alternative technologies of In-Plane Switching (IPS), and VA.

One of the biggest selling points of TN displays is their incredibly fast response time, which is at 1ms. This makes them excellent for competitive FPS gaming, or for that awesome snappy feel when browsing the web or editing photos.

Vertical Alignment (VA) panels are a type of LCD display panel that features better contrast ratios and black uniformity when compared to IPS and TN panels.

As a result of this, they are best suited for multi-user or collaborative environments, though it must be said that this kind of technology is also appreciated by individuals who look for wider screen views.

The additional characteristics of this type of LCD monitor include high image quality, adaptability to bright light conditions, color accuracy, and competitive pricing - all factors which have made them very popular.

At the back of the LCD display, there is a backlight that emits white light. It goes through a horizontal polarizer; this is a kind of filter that allows only horizontal polarized light beams to pass through it.

Most modern LCD monitors have several parts that work together to produce an image. The main parts include;The panel,The cables (power cable and connectivity cables)The stand

LCD Monitor is one of the most important technologies that exist today, especially if you are working on a project. One of the very first LCD monitors was developed in 1970 by inventor J. Fergason (see also who created the first monitor historically).

Before that, cathode ray displays were bulky, consumed a lot of electricity, did not last a long time, and did not produce great images like today’s Acer LCD monitor, Dell LCD monitor, or AOC LCD monitor.

It is not until 1981 when Solartron introduced the first color LCD monitor; his name is always mentioned when one is researching thehistory ofmonitors. Since then, LCD monitors have evolved at an alarming rate. Even now, more innovations are being made to make them more durable and useful for customers.

Liquid crystals are made up of organic material that has special properties that change when an electric current is applied to them. This material is sandwiched between two layers. The electric current makes the crystals change their shape so they can either let light through or block it at will.

The inventor of the LCD monitor is inventor J. Fergason. He was a business entrepreneur as well as an American inventor. He was born on January 12, 1934, and died on December 9, 2008.

Before he died, he had over 100 US patents on his name. He began experimenting with liquid crystals when he was hired by Westinghouse Research Laboratories. His research led to the development of a Liquid crystal thermometer and a mood ring.

Tests have proved that Samsung monitors such as Samsung u32j590 31.5 16 9 4k UHD LCD monitor and AOC 27b1h 27 LCD monitor black are much better than the traditional cathode ray and Plasma monitors. Why?

In order to have a better understanding of what makes this type of monitor superior, it is first necessary to understand its features which are;Are lightweight

LCD is the best technology for most people, but it does have its downsides. The most obvious one is price. While LCD panels are getting cheaper, they"re still more expensive than CRT displays.

An LCD Monitor gives sharp clear image quality with its high resolution. The high resolution means viewing more pixels on the screen for a superior picture. Combining super-resolution, vivid colors, and extreme brightness, LCD monitors will amaze you. Nonetheless, when looking for your movies monitor, it is essential to go for high-resolution models.

The price of an LCD monitor depends on its size and features. Generally, prices range from roughly $150 to over $2000, although some models may be less expensive or more expensive.

It is possible that buying one of the less expensive models could save you money in the long run, and it is also possible that buying one of the more expensive models could save you money in the long run.

There are various models of LCD monitors on the market. The power consumption of each model depends on the display size, resolution, brightness, etc. The power consumption of a 19-inch LCD monitor averages around 20 watts.

There are various brands that manufacture LCD monitors. Some of the most common brands include:Lenovo such as Lenovo l22e 20 21.5-inch LCD backlit lcd monitorDELL such as dell 2407wfp 24-inch widescreen ultrasharp lcd monitorSamsung such as Samsung 32 curved 1920x1080 HDMI 60hz 4ms fhd lcd monitorAcerHPLG such as LG 34 ips lcd ultrawide fhd freesync monitor blackSanyoSony

Huge number of professionals enjoy numerous benefits of LCD technology. No matter what you do, whether you use your computer monitor for editing videos, graphic design, programming, or if you are someone who plays computer games frequently, you will need the best LCD because of its great features.

LED monitors (a form of LCD) are your best choice as monitors for graphic design. They are a bit pricier than VA panels but the difference in performance is worth it. You get a faster response time and better color rendition while keeping everything within a budget.

If you are a photographer, working with monitors for photo editing is as important as the camera you work with. The key feature you should look for is backlight. LED"s (a form of LCD) will have brighter, sharper blacks than that of an regular LCD, making them ideal for the digital photo editor. The fact is also that you won"t have to spend a fortune as there are many affordable options.

When looking for a monitor for architects one should focus on color, brightness, and contrast. Optimal color performance and resolution is what most monitors for architecture are equiped with. We should also point out that best monitors for CAD and similar demanding software share similar features and technology.

Without a shadow of a doubt, to trade without hinderence you will need the best monitor for traders out there. The screen size matters, with better resolution, you get the better image quality, and most importantly with flicker free, and anti-glare screen features, you won"t to strain your eyes in artificial light.

In this category LCD monitor represents an excellent choice. You can have all features of a business-style monitor with full customibility according to what your work requires. We must point out that you should look at monitors for programming that provide vibrant colors and excellent viewing angles usually found in a 4k monitor - see Ultrawide Vs. 4K here - which may not be within your budget. If you must compromise than go for these budget monitors we reviewed.

For non-professionals, too, a good monitor is critical for daily use, whether you are creating spreadsheets, editing videos, or, surfing the Internet.

I have made it simple for you to pick the best computer LCD monitors currently by listing them in this section. I have evaluated each monitor based on its price, display technology, panel type, size, inputs, speakers, ergonomics, and video performance.

If you want to buy an LCD monitor, there are several key factors to consider. They include screen size, screen resolution, response time, brightness, and refresh rate.

When buying an LCD monitor, one of the most important parameters to consider is screen resolution (the number of pixels). The higher the resolution, like in these 40 inch 4K monitors, the more you will see your documents (see here which monitors are our top choice for reading), spreadsheets, or photos on your screen. You"ll also enjoy sharper images and smoother lines.

The refresh rate of a small LCD monitor, curved LCD monitor, or a touch screen LCD monitor is very important, especially when playing video games. The refresh rate is measured in Hertz or Hz. It refers to the number of times the picture on the screen is refreshed per second. With 60Hz there could be plenty of ghosting, but with 120hz monitors, or, even better, 144Hz monitors, the difference will be obvious.

The higher the refresh rate, the more fluid video content will appear on your screen. A refresh‌ ‌rate ‌is crucial‌ ‌when‌ ‌you‌ ‌are‌ ‌playing‌ ‌games, so the safest bet is to go for a 240Hz monitor. Also, you will give your games an immersive feel with one of the ultra-wide computer monitors.

Screen size is also an important thing to consider when you"re in the market for a new LCD monitor. The most common sizes used for monitors are 14, 17,21, 27,32 and 42 inches. Anything less than a 24 inch monitor would be considered a small LCD monitor.

These are the required steps to install an LCD monitor. Your new monitor can come with all the necessary accessories you"ll need, including cables and screws.

The first step to installing any LCD monitor is to unbox the product. Feel free to take your time as you unpack and familiarize yourself with the product. Look at all of the contents and verify that everything is accounted for.

The second step to installing an LCD monitor is gathering the tools required for the job such as a screwdriver, gloves, and screws and the cables needed.

Most monitors come with an instruction manual that can be read to better understand how to install the LCD screen. The user manual details the screen resolution, cable connection placement, and how to mount the monitor to its stand.

To connect an LCD monitor to a computer using a cable, insert one end of the cable into the appropriate port at the rear or the side of the computer. Connect the other end to the display.

Are you afraid of making a mistake when cleaning it? Don"t worry, I have a great solution for you. You can follow my simple guidelines and learn how to clean a monitor in a matter of minutes.

Before cleaning your monitor, use the power button to switch it off or unplug it from the electric socket if it is still connected. Leaving this step out may cause serious injury as you risk the danger of electric shock if you do not turn off your monitor first.

If you want to clean your entire monitor, you will also need to remove it from its frame. You can do this by removing the screws at the back of the frame with a screwdriver. Then slide the monitor out of the frame.

To clean the LCD monitor of your computer, find some monitor wipes. These are available at most office supply stores and are perfect for cleaning monitor screens.

Many monitor experts recommend that you purchase a monitor cleaning kit because these kits include all the products that you will need to effectively clean your monitor. This kit contains a monitor cleaning solution, which you can use to clean any oil or dirt off the surface of your monitor.

Each type, depending upon the needs of the user, has its own benefits and drawbacks. In order to determine which is the best for your individual needs, it is necessary to know what you are connecting with.

Yes, LCD monitors are suitable for gaming. High resolution, high refresh rates, and low response times are some of the features that make LCD monitors suitable for both professional gamers and amateur gamers.

The combination of high refresh rates and low response times enables gamers to react quickly and enjoy a smooth visual performance. Features like in G-sync monitors help eliminate motion blur and other issues that can reduce your performance.

Yes, LCD monitors are suitable for business. Business owners with limited space, or workers traveling on business, now can take their lightweight computer monitor with them. Moreover, since convenience is your number one goal in that case, it helps to have monitors with speakers built into them already!

The best work monitorsare superbly suited for the display of data, tables with rows and columns of numbers, figures, or other information. The performance is consistent and they help save energy as they are energy efficient. And for best productivity, if you are able to pull it off, using multiple monitors for which the bezel less monitors are best suited, is the right way to go.

It is also important that the monitor has some type of heat sink; the way it dissipates heat away from the circuitry. The most common heat sink is a base plate or duct that channels air through the back of the monitor. This helps prevent discoloration on the screen that can happen with some LCD monitors when they are left in a car continuously.

They are typically well-shielded against RFI/EMI to prevent interference from cellular phone signals, thunderstorm lighting, and other types of interference that might disrupt the video signal from your device.

LCD monitors use cold cathode fluorescent lamps (CCFLs) to illuminate the display while LED monitors use diode-based lights. Also, in terms of eye strain, visuals, and energy consumption, LEDs outperform LCDs.

IPS is a technology used in LCD screens. IPS monitors are preferred by professionals for their true-to-life color representation, wide viewing angles, and superior-high-quality image clarity.

They are the ultimate solution for professional photo editing, graphic designing, and video editing. Generally, LCD monitors are the most affordable and popular display options available today (see monitors under 200 dolars). These monitors are ideal for both office and home use, whether you want to game or watch movies. As for games exclusively, curved gaming monitors, which are mostly IPS, are especially comfortable for your eyes and they are probably the ones to turn to (see also top curved monitors overall)

Apart from LCD monitors, other types of computer monitors are;The first is the CRT or cathode ray tube monitor.Another type of monitor is an OLED Monitor. It is brighter, thinner, and with better color contrast than most other monitors.Plasma monitorsTouch Screen monitor

simple explanation of lcd displays pricelist

Well, we’ll try to explain everything in this article; we need to know how to get a new LCD design before talking about the factors that influence LCD price.

Other companies produce various crystals determined by the different working ranges with very different costs. Different liquid crystals will determine the lifespan of LCDs and the working temperatures of LCDs.

Different companies use different LCD glass materials that will lead to different costs. Differentglassesfor the liquid crystal display will also determine LCD’s lifespan. High-quality and better glasses can keep the LCD safe from scratches and damages.

Glue is essential for the long life of the liquid crystal display. Different types of glue used by different companies will lead to different costs for LCD. Bettergluescan keep the LCDs having a longer lifespan too. And It keeps the LCD stronger, or it will help the LCDs not easily break. Remember that worse glues may only work for 1 or 2 years and lose their functions.

Polarizersplay an essential role in the price of liquid crystal displays as they will vary a lot so lead to different prices. That’s why different companies have different prices for their products. Remember, transmissive, transflective, and reflective LCDs use other polarizers from different companies. Reflective and transmissive are cheaper than transflective as it is expensive enough.

The key part of the LCD screen is a display type because thedisplay typeswill determine which kind of liquid crystal will be used. If we look from cheap to expensive is TN, HTN, STN, VA, FSTN(CSTN and DSTN are all FSTN, so we treat them as one kind). So if different companies will use STN instead of TN for the display, the price will be high ultimately.

Generally speaking,glass thicknesstypically has three tiers of LCD, 1.7mm, 2.0mm, and 2.8mm. And the price from low to high is 2.8mm, 2.0mm, 1.7mm. Because producing the thinner display is the most difficult for the manufacturers, it will have a higher defective rate.

Generally speaking, let’s take an example with the same size, same thickness LCD. The price from cheap to expensive is TN, HTN, STN, VA, FSTN, DFSTN because the viewing angle will be wider from TN to DFSTN.

It is also easy to understand the meaning of the title. The more segments, the more liquid crystal materials are needed, and the more PINs are required. So under the same conditions, the more segments, the higher the price.

First, making a new mould to make LCDs will change a whole production line for a new item. A production line includes more than 40 processes. And once it starts running. It will take a few minutes to adjust the whole production line and need to use raw materials to test the preciseness of the production line. It will cost a lot when starting production.

There will also be a massive difference in the price of the backlight. Under normal circumstances, we divide the backlight into three types. The first very commonly used backlight is directly connected to the LCD and soldered on the motherboard. This backlight does not require a specific structure, and its size only needs to be designed according to the size of the LCD and PCB board. The second is the backlight that is attached to the LCD. Generally, we will help it design a wall so that the LCD and the backlight can be better fixed together so that the entire module structure can be more stable. The third is to add an iron frame to the second one, making the structure more stable and helping protect the LCD screen.

The price of different companies can be different because of varying liquid crystals, different LCD glass, different diffuser films. Moreover, different compensation films and pin assignments can use bad bronze. FPC can use inventories or not-good bronze materials. Conductive tapes can also be different, and the material will determine the conductivity. Backlight can be different because of different LED beads, compensation film, and Light guide plate material.

CreateXplayis a professional manufacturer that creates monochrome LCD screens. We provide custom designs for Segment LCD at a very affordable price. These LCDs have different sizes, different shapes, and different backlights.

simple explanation of lcd displays pricelist

If price were no object, flat-panel displays would probably take over the computer monitor business overnight. These slender new displays, which are essentially desktop versions of the liquid crystal displays attached to high-end portable computers, take up only a fraction of the desktop space hoarded by conventional computer monitors, which are known as cathode-ray tube displays.

The newest models of LCD monitors offer big, bright images that are adequate for all but the most demanding PC user. They consume less power, weigh just a few pounds and have noticeably less flicker, and thus produce less eye strain, than their CRT cousins. And they are more stylish.

Despite steep price reductions in the last few months, flat-panel displays still cost more than twice as much as conventional CRT computer monitors with comparable screen size and resolution.

In the last year, prices for flat-panel displays have fallen by as much as two-thirds. For example, in June 1997 the list price for a 14-inch Think Panel LCD Model 9514 from I.B.M. was $3,000. Today it is $999. Earlier this month, Apple slashed the price of its 15-inch Studio Display LCD to $1,299, from $1,999.

The plummeting prices are a result of better manufacturing efficiencies, weak financial conditions in Asia where all the LCD makers are located and increased competition among display sellers here. On top of that, computer companies are preparing to introduce a new generation of digital LCD displays this fall that hold the promise of even better performance and lower prices. There are some complications

But even as LCD prices have tumbled, so too have prices for conventional CRT monitors. Many computer makers are selling 17-inch CRT monitors for less than $500 today, and 14-inch and 15-inch computer monitors are so cheap -- typically less than $200 -- that some companies are giving them away as incentives to spur computer sales.

""We don"t see CRT"s going away any time soon,"" said Paul Semenza, director of market analysis at Stanford Resources, a market research and consulting firm in San Jose, Calif. ""They"re cheap, and extremely reliable."" For example, Mr. Semenza said, some 14 million conventional monitors were sold (separately or bundled with computers) in the first half of this year, compared with 55,000 LCD"s.

Given the price difference, even the most technologically ardent consumers -- the fabled ""early adopters"" -- may find it hard to look a spouse squarely in the eye and argue that the flat-panel monitors are worth double or triple the price of an equally good or superior CRT display. Analysts say flat-panel monitors will not capture significant shares of the consumer market until the price ratio between LCD and CRT is 1.5 to 1 or lower, and that is not expected to happen any time soon.

Barry Young, vice president of DisplaySearch, a market research company in Austin, Tex., said prices for flat-panel monitors are most likely to continue falling this year before stabilizing in 1999, when demand catches up to supply.

Even so, some flat-panel customers can justify the price differences. Hospitals and medical offices favor LCD displays because, unlike CRT monitors, their signals do not interfere with nearby sensitive equipment. Banks and financial institutions array them on the previously groaning desks of traders who need multiple monitors to track different markets. Office workers crammed into small cubicles love them for their relatively petite footprint, which yields more working space, or room for more clutter, on the desk surface.

Come to think of it, these thin displays would seem to be ideal for apartment dwellers who are torn between a desire for a bigger monitor and the lack of space for it. The Internet has fueled a demand for bigger screen sizes, but CRT"s typically are as many inches deep and wide as the screen size, measured diagonally. Apple"s 15-inch Studio Display, in comparison, has the same viewable area on screen as Apple"s 17-inch CRT, and it can fit on a shelf 10 inches deep and 15 inches wide.

Complicating the decision between fat and thin monitors is the introduction this fall of a new generation of digital flat-panel monitors from I.B.M., Compaq Computer and others.

Personal computers are digital, processing information as binary signals that are either on or off. But almost all CRT monitors for sale today are analog devices, meaning they process image information as signals of varying electrical intensity. As a result, desktop computers typically come with a video graphics card that converts the computer"s digital signal into an analog wave form that the monitor can interpret.

But flat-panel displays are intrinsically digital, mapping their images on a rigidly defined grid of tiny ""on"" and ""off"" cells. This is not a problem for the LCD panels attached to laptop computers, which send digital signals directly to the digital display. For LCD monitors to work with most desktop computers, however, they must convert the incoming analog signal back to digital.

Besides adding complexity and cost to the LCD monitor, this digital-to-analog-to-digital dance is further complicated by variations in the timing of the computer"s video card. Not all cards synchronize signals the same way. If the signals are not precisely on track, unwanted video artifacts can occur. Straight lines may veer, pixels may pop out of line.

For this reason, it makes sense for shoppers, whenever possible, to test the LCD monitor on the computer that will be driving it. Variations in different video cards can cause the same monitor to behave beautifully or to be quirky, depending on what it is plugged into. Doing away with the analog-to-digital converter in the LCD monitors would eliminate some of the complexity and cost, driving prices down another $100 or so but only if the computer itself has a digital video card. For the majority of PC owners today, buying a digital card would more than erase the savings on the monitor.

Even so, the promise of better performance from all-digital systems is leading some vendors, like I.B.M., to offer customers a choice of buying digital cards along with digital monitors when new systems are introduced in October (pricing has not been disclosed).

Compaq is already offering a digital LCD panel as an option on its Presario line of home computers, and at least two other major PC makers will add digital flat-panel options this fall.

There is a major catch, though. I.B.M."s digital flat-panel displays will adhere to a new video interface standard called Plug and Display (P&D), which has been endorsed by major makers of computers, video cards and monitors. The first P&D computer and video card systems will begin appearing in the fall and will work with both analog and digital flat panels. To get digital flat-panel monitors into the marketplace sooner, however, Compaq and some other companies adopted an interim standard called Digital Flat-Panel Port (DFP). In essence a subset of Plug & Display, the DFP system uses a different and, of course, incompatible set of connectors.

It is possible that a simple and inexpensive hardware adapter can be developed to allow DFP systems like Compaq"s to connect to Plug & Display video systems in the near future. No such adapter yet exists, however, so for now the conflicting standards are confusing not only consumers but also the companies that make the equipment.

William Lempesis, executive director of the Video Electronics Standards Association (VESA), an international standards organization for video display systems, said efforts are under way to try to resolve the incompatibility between the two rival systems.

Once a computer is equipped with a digital video card and a compatible digital LCD monitor, however, the chance of a happy marriage is quite high as long as the relationship between the computer and the LCD is monogamous. Monitor swapping is problematic because, for now at least, most other computers will have analog cards.

Thus, another suggestion: If the LCD monitor is to be community property, consider one of the current analog versions. If it is to be used exclusively with only one computer, it may make sense to wait until the new digital models show up later this year especially if one is buying a new computer to go with it.

Technical discussions aside, the flat monitors may have some intangible benefits, too. James D. Pyler, marketing strategist for visual products for I.B.M. in Raleigh, N.C., recalls putting an early LCD model on his desk several years ago and being quickly surrounded by crowds of admiring co-workers. ""They"re different than the standard monitor, and as a result, they make you look like you"re more important,"" he said. One of the co-workers who came over to admire the LCD later became his wife. He prefers to think she was attracted to him, and not to the monitor.

FOR people who have more money than space, flat-panel displays sound almost too good to be true. Naturally, there is a catch or two, or six or seven, said Raymond Soneira, creator of the popular Displaymate utility program that helps both manufacturers and users get optimum performance from their monitors.

""They are quirkier,"" Mr. Soneira said of the flat-panel monitors, which have a liquid crystal display (LCD). The flat-panel screens require more adjustments to achieve the best picture, and even then they may exhibit odd and perplexing behaviors that would be unacceptable in displays of cathode-ray tubes, or CRT"s.

Imagine being in a football stadium and trying to get hundreds of fans to align themselves perfectly and to flip an assortment of colored cards precisely on cue all day long. Multiplied by thousands, that is the daunting challenge of the transistors that drive the picture elements (pixels) on an LCD monitor.

Some customers cling to the belief that paying such a high premium for a monitor should guarantee perfection. Alas, many dealers have a more relaxed definition of perfection.

LCD panels typically have one or more bad pixels, including some that are stuck annoyingly in either the ""on"" or ""off"" position. Laptop computer screens often have similar freckles.

Contrary to popular wisdom, LCD monitors do in fact flicker, Mr. Soneira said. But the flicker is much less noticeable than with CRT"s, so people who stare into a computer screen for most of the day generally report less eye fatigue with LCD"s. This, besides space saving, is one of the prime benefits of flat-panel monitors. Also, on a properly tuned LCD monitor, smaller text is more readable.

Early LCD monitors, besides being wildly expensive, were technically finicky. Viewing angles were narrow, meaning the user had to align his eyeballs almost precisely at the center of the screen to see images at their best. Straying to the side, or up and down, even by a few inches, made images change color, become distorted or lose contrast.

The newest LCD monitors, specifically the type known as TFT (Thin Film Transistor), like those used for laptops -- are much better, although every one we tested showed some degree of color shift as a result either of a change in viewing angle or of variations in lighting across the screen. In terms of retaining contrast at wider viewing angles, though, newer LCD displays are comparable to CRT"s.

Lighting is a crucial distinction between LCD and CRT monitors. The cathode-ray tube generates its own brightness across the screen as electrons excite layers of phosphors and cause them to glow.

But LCD screens are illuminated only by a background light that typically runs around the perimeter of the screen. These fluorescent backlights are known to dim and darken over time.

Because LCD desktop monitors are still new, one can only speculate on the life span of the screen. Manufacturers are coy when asked about it, and concede that no one really knows whether it will be practical to replace fading backlights.

LCD monitors have only one optimum, or native, resolution. CRT displays, in contrast, typically can switch among several standard resolutions. Problems often arise when the LCD monitor tries to display a nonnative resolution, resulting in poor image quality.

Some LCD models -- not all -- offer high native resolutions (up to 1,280 by 1,024 pixels) and colors (16.7 million shades) that rival their sumo-size counterparts. Of the half-dozen flat-panel monitors tested for this article, however, none could display large areas of black reliably. While colors are quite good, they often lack the richness, or saturation, of CRT displays.

Some LCD screens also have slower response times than most CRT"s, Mr. Soneira said, which can lead to disappearing cursors when the mouse is moved quickly, or substandard, jerky performance when full-motion video images are displayed. However, we found no problems when playing DVD movies on the screens.

The Displaymate software for Windows has a list price of $79. More information is available at www.displaymate. com, or by calling (800) 932-6323. PETER H. LEWIS

simple explanation of lcd displays pricelist

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