pls lcd panel technology made in china

A thin-film-transistor liquid-crystal display (TFT LCD) is a variant of a liquid-crystal display that uses thin-film-transistor technologyactive matrix LCD, in contrast to passive matrix LCDs or simple, direct-driven (i.e. with segments directly connected to electronics outside the LCD) LCDs with a few segments.

In February 1957, John Wallmark of RCA filed a patent for a thin film MOSFET. Paul K. Weimer, also of RCA implemented Wallmark"s ideas and developed the thin-film transistor (TFT) in 1962, a type of MOSFET distinct from the standard bulk MOSFET. It was made with thin films of cadmium selenide and cadmium sulfide. The idea of a TFT-based liquid-crystal display (LCD) was conceived by Bernard Lechner of RCA Laboratories in 1968. In 1971, Lechner, F. J. Marlowe, E. O. Nester and J. Tults demonstrated a 2-by-18 matrix display driven by a hybrid circuit using the dynamic scattering mode of LCDs.T. Peter Brody, J. A. Asars and G. D. Dixon at Westinghouse Research Laboratories developed a CdSe (cadmium selenide) TFT, which they used to demonstrate the first CdSe thin-film-transistor liquid-crystal display (TFT LCD).active-matrix liquid-crystal display (AM LCD) using CdSe TFTs in 1974, and then Brody coined the term "active matrix" in 1975.high-resolution and high-quality electronic visual display devices use TFT-based active matrix displays.

The circuit layout process of a TFT-LCD is very similar to that of semiconductor products. However, rather than fabricating the transistors from silicon, that is formed into a crystalline silicon wafer, they are made from a thin film of amorphous silicon that is deposited on a glass panel. The silicon layer for TFT-LCDs is typically deposited using the PECVD process.

The twisted nematic display is one of the oldest and frequently cheapest kind of LCD display technologies available. TN displays benefit from fast pixel response times and less smearing than other LCD display technology, but suffer from poor color reproduction and limited viewing angles, especially in the vertical direction. Colors will shift, potentially to the point of completely inverting, when viewed at an angle that is not perpendicular to the display. Modern, high end consumer products have developed methods to overcome the technology"s shortcomings, such as RTC (Response Time Compensation / Overdrive) technologies. Modern TN displays can look significantly better than older TN displays from decades earlier, but overall TN has inferior viewing angles and poor color in comparison to other technology.

Most TN panels can represent colors using only six bits per RGB channel, or 18 bit in total, and are unable to display the 16.7 million color shades (24-bit truecolor) that are available using 24-bit color. Instead, these panels display interpolated 24-bit color using a dithering method that combines adjacent pixels to simulate the desired shade. They can also use a form of temporal dithering called Frame Rate Control (FRC), which cycles between different shades with each new frame to simulate an intermediate shade. Such 18 bit panels with dithering are sometimes advertised as having "16.2 million colors". These color simulation methods are noticeable to many people and highly bothersome to some.gamut (often referred to as a percentage of the NTSC 1953 color gamut) are also due to backlighting technology. It is not uncommon for older displays to range from 10% to 26% of the NTSC color gamut, whereas other kind of displays, utilizing more complicated CCFL or LED phosphor formulations or RGB LED backlights, may extend past 100% of the NTSC color gamut, a difference quite perceivable by the human eye.

The transmittance of a pixel of an LCD panel typically does not change linearly with the applied voltage,sRGB standard for computer monitors requires a specific nonlinear dependence of the amount of emitted light as a function of the RGB value.

In-plane switching was developed by Hitachi Ltd. in 1996 to improve on the poor viewing angle and the poor color reproduction of TN panels at that time.

Initial iterations of IPS technology were characterised by slow response time and a low contrast ratio but later revisions have made marked improvements to these shortcomings. Because of its wide viewing angle and accurate color reproduction (with almost no off-angle color shift), IPS is widely employed in high-end monitors aimed at professional graphic artists, although with the recent fall in price it has been seen in the mainstream market as well. IPS technology was sold to Panasonic by Hitachi.

Most panels also support true 8-bit per channel color. These improvements came at the cost of a higher response time, initially about 50 ms. IPS panels were also extremely expensive.

IPS has since been superseded by S-IPS (Super-IPS, Hitachi Ltd. in 1998), which has all the benefits of IPS technology with the addition of improved pixel refresh timing.

In 2004, Hydis Technologies Co., Ltd licensed its AFFS patent to Japan"s Hitachi Displays. Hitachi is using AFFS to manufacture high end panels in their product line. In 2006, Hydis also licensed its AFFS to Sanyo Epson Imaging Devices Corporation.

Less expensive PVA panels often use dithering and FRC, whereas super-PVA (S-PVA) panels all use at least 8 bits per color component and do not use color simulation methods.BRAVIA LCD TVs offer 10-bit and xvYCC color support, for example, the Bravia X4500 series. S-PVA also offers fast response times using modern RTC technologies.

A technology developed by Samsung is Super PLS, which bears similarities to IPS panels, has wider viewing angles, better image quality, increased brightness, and lower production costs. PLS technology debuted in the PC display market with the release of the Samsung S27A850 and S24A850 monitors in September 2011.

TFT dual-transistor pixel or cell technology is a reflective-display technology for use in very-low-power-consumption applications such as electronic shelf labels (ESL), digital watches, or metering. DTP involves adding a secondary transistor gate in the single TFT cell to maintain the display of a pixel during a period of 1s without loss of image or without degrading the TFT transistors over time. By slowing the refresh rate of the standard frequency from 60 Hz to 1 Hz, DTP claims to increase the power efficiency by multiple orders of magnitude.

Due to the very high cost of building TFT factories, there are few major OEM panel vendors for large display panels. The glass panel suppliers are as follows:

External consumer display devices like a TFT LCD feature one or more analog VGA, DVI, HDMI, or DisplayPort interface, with many featuring a selection of these interfaces. Inside external display devices there is a controller board that will convert the video signal using color mapping and image scaling usually employing the discrete cosine transform (DCT) in order to convert any video source like CVBS, VGA, DVI, HDMI, etc. into digital RGB at the native resolution of the display panel. In a laptop the graphics chip will directly produce a signal suitable for connection to the built-in TFT display. A control mechanism for the backlight is usually included on the same controller board.

The low level interface of STN, DSTN, or TFT display panels use either single ended TTL 5 V signal for older displays or TTL 3.3 V for slightly newer displays that transmits the pixel clock, horizontal sync, vertical sync, digital red, digital green, digital blue in parallel. Some models (for example the AT070TN92) also feature input/display enable, horizontal scan direction and vertical scan direction signals.

New and large (>15") TFT displays often use LVDS signaling that transmits the same contents as the parallel interface (Hsync, Vsync, RGB) but will put control and RGB bits into a number of serial transmission lines synchronized to a clock whose rate is equal to the pixel rate. LVDS transmits seven bits per clock per data line, with six bits being data and one bit used to signal if the other six bits need to be inverted in order to maintain DC balance. Low-cost TFT displays often have three data lines and therefore only directly support 18 bits per pixel. Upscale displays have four or five data lines to support 24 bits per pixel (truecolor) or 30 bits per pixel respectively. Panel manufacturers are slowly replacing LVDS with Internal DisplayPort and Embedded DisplayPort, which allow sixfold reduction of the number of differential pairs.

The bare display panel will only accept a digital video signal at the resolution determined by the panel pixel matrix designed at manufacture. Some screen panels will ignore the LSB bits of the color information to present a consistent interface (8 bit -> 6 bit/color x3).

With analogue signals like VGA, the display controller also needs to perform a high speed analog to digital conversion. With digital input signals like DVI or HDMI some simple reordering of the bits is needed before feeding it to the rescaler if the input resolution doesn"t match the display panel resolution.

Kawamoto, H. (2012). "The Inventors of TFT Active-Matrix LCD Receive the 2011 IEEE Nishizawa Medal". Journal of Display Technology. 8 (1): 3–4. Bibcode:2012JDisT...8....3K. doi:10.1109/JDT.2011.2177740. ISSN 1551-319X.

Brody, T. Peter; Asars, J. A.; Dixon, G. D. (November 1973). "A 6 × 6 inch 20 lines-per-inch liquid-crystal display panel". 20 (11): 995–1001. Bibcode:1973ITED...20..995B. doi:10.1109/T-ED.1973.17780. ISSN 0018-9383.

K. H. Lee; H. Y. Kim; K. H. Park; S. J. Jang; I. C. Park & J. Y. Lee (June 2006). "A Novel Outdoor Readability of Portable TFT-LCD with AFFS Technology". SID Symposium Digest of Technical Papers. AIP. 37 (1): 1079–82. doi:10.1889/1.2433159. S2CID 129569963.

Ips, pls and ahva are grouped together as ips because of the similarities. Companies just use different names for rights and marketing purposes. But there are so many variations of panel techs along with quality differences, you should be less concerned of panel type and compare the specific monitor models.

Those are rather average panels as far as quality goes but there are no pro reviews to have an actual in depth comparison, other than the dell se2717h which should be the same panel as the se2717hr. With contrast being 900:1 I wouldn"t choose that. It states 1000:1 as all monitors do and specs are usually fake. The samsung may say the same 1000:1 but no review means it could be anything. I"d say go with the aoc since it should get better contrast and is one of the main reasons you like that s24d390. There is a review that"s not pro level but they did seem to test it with 3000:1. If you have other choices, you may want to look at samsung va monitors. They"ve had quite a few good ones in the past years.

Display technology has been evolving for more than a century and continues to drive innovations in the electronic device market. IPS technology was developed in the 90s to solve color and viewing angle issues.

IPS display panels deliver the best colors and viewing angles compared to other popular display planes, including VA (vertical alignment) and TN (twisted nematic).

LCDs (liquid crystal displays). IPS changes the behavior of an LCD’s liquid crystals to produce a sharper, more accurate picture. This technique allows IPS displays to deliver a higher quality viewing experience than other screen types like TN or VA.

IPS acts on the liquid crystals inside an LCD, so when voltage is applied, the crystals rotate parallel (or in-plane), allowing light to pass through them easily. By reducing the amount of interference in the light being produced by the display, the final image on the screen will be much clearer.

IPS LCDs require about 15% more power than a standard TN LCD. OLED displays require much less power than IPS types due to the fact that they don’t require a backlight. The LCD IPS technology is not the ideal solution if you need an energy-efficient display. You’re better off choosing an OLED or TN TFT for a low-power solution.

Because of the newer and more advanced technology found in IPS displays, they’re more expensive to manufacture. For a more cost-effective solution, a TN LCD would be a better choice.

Because of in-plane switching’s ability to boost viewing angles and retain color accuracy, it allows LCDs to compete with the high contrast images found on OLED displays.

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South Korean panel maker Samsung Display, a subsidiary of Samsung Electronics Co Ltd. that develops and manufactures display panels, have announced this week their intention to cease LCD panel production by the end of 2020. The company runs two LCD production lines at factories in South Korea and two LCD-only factories in China.

This would would mark the departure of one of the key panel providers from LCD desktop monitors as well as from the LCD TV space. Samsung currently make a range of LCD panels for monitors, primarily based on their SVA (VA-type) and PLS (IPS-type) technologies. Many of which (e.g. 49″ ultrawide) are fairly niche segments at this time for them. Much of this article is focused on the TV market and there is not much clarity on what this might mean for the desktop monitor market at this time.

Samsung Display will instead reportedly re-focus their production line on other technologies such as Quantum Dot, AMOLED and OLED reports say. Existing Samsung QLED-branded TV’s currently use LCD panels behind a Quantum Dot layer, with the “QLED” term being largely a marketing gimmick which makes them sound and read like “OLED”. Samsung dropped out of actual OLED (Organic Light Emitting Diode) production in 2015 leaving that segment to manufacturers like LG.Display who are the sold producer of OLED panels for TV’s at the moment.

Samsung had already suspended one of its two LCD production lines in South Korea in October 2019 amid falling demand for LCD panels and LCD panel prices declining worldwide as Chinese competitors ramp up production. LCD prices have plunged in recent years as Chinese makers, backed by generous state subsidies, aggressively expanded production capacity. Sluggish demand for large TV sets amid a global economic slowdown and the U.S.-China trade war has also weighed on prices.

Samsung will invest 13.1 trillion won (~$10.72 billion) in facilities and research to upgrade a production line, as it contends with oversupply amid weak global demand for smartphones and TVs. The investment for the next five years will be focused on converting one of its South Korean LCD lines into a facility to mass produce more advanced “quantum dot” screens. Samsung has not yet decided on the future operation of its factories in China.

In the meantime the production of the first iteration of new QD displays will begin in 2021, but will be QD-enabled OLED, which uses organic material as the light source and QD material as a film. It will be more similar to Samsung’s own AMOLED used for mobile phones and LG’s OLED TVs and will mark the company’s return to the OLED segment. It’s unclear how these new panels would be branded when they hit the market in TV’s, but it seems likely the term “QLED” would need to be changed given that is currently used for LCD+QD panels. “QD-OLED” seems a likely candidate.

It is expected that commercial products using the new panels will likely enter the market in 2022. The arrival of new OLED TV panel options from Samsung Display would mean competition for LG.Display of course, and provide alternative options for large TV manufacturers.

Digitimes reported earlier this week that Samsung Display reportedly plans to shut down four of its LCD panel production lines ahead of schedule as early as Q3 2020. Citing the ongoing coronavirus pandemic as a driver for this earlier closure due to reduced demand on TV’s due to major sporting events like the Olympics being postponed, as well causing downward pressure on panel prices. Digitimes reports that ” Samsung Display also plans to keep production at its 8.5G LCD fab in Suzhou, China in the meantime, while overhauling its L7-2 fab for production of POLED panels and its L8 fab for QD-OLED panels”

Digitimes goes on to report that “The Korean panel maker is also looking to halt the operations of the Suzhou 8.5G line by the third quarter of 2022 and is currently in talks to sell the LCD panel plant to Chinese panel makers, said the sources, adding that the completion of a deal will mark Samsung Display ‘s exit from the LCD TV panel market. “ – which actually implies someproduction would continue until Q3 2022, although some lines will end earlier in Q3 2020.

“We will supply ordered LCDs to our customers by the end of this year without any issues,” the company said in a statement. Although Samsung Display says that it will be able to continue supplying its existing LCD panel orders until the end of the year, there are questions about what Samsung Electronics, the largest TV manufacturer in the world, will use in its LCD TVs going forward. They have stated that for now nothing changes and they do not expect supply issues to affect their current “QLED branded” TV line up.

One alternative is that Samsung buys its LCD panels from suppliers like TCL-owned CSOT and AUO, which already supply panels for Samsung TVs. Last year The Elec reported that Samsung could close all its South Korean LCD production lines, and make up the difference with panels bought from Chinese manufacturers like CSOT, which Samsung Display has invested in.

Most of the reports about this change at Samsung Display are focused on the TV market, where OLED is already a commonly used technology. There are still questions around what this might mean for the desktop monitor market. We have yet to see any small/medium sized OLED panels of any notable mention in this segment, and it’s uncertain whether Samsung’s re-focus on QD-OLED and future QD technologies would extend to this space. It’s possible that they would begin to develop QD-OLED panels in smaller sizes to replace their current desktop monitor LCD panel line-up. Although it’s equally possible they would just move away from this segment and leave it to other providers like AUO, Innolux and new players like Panda for instance.

Samsung Display’s cross-town rival LG Display Co Ltd said earlier this year in January that it will halt domestic production in South Korea of LCD TV panels by the end of 2020. LG Display operates two LCD TV production sites, one in South Korea and another in China.

“We will be wrapping up our LCD TV production in South Korea by end of this year and focusing on our LCD TV production in China,”CEO Jeong Ho-young said at the annual CES trade show in Las Vegas. While terminating domestic LCD TV production, LG Display aims to shift its focus to organic light-emitting diode (OLED) technology in China.

China-based BOE is a leading manufacturer in the innovation and development of TFT LCD technology. The global share of BOE in the field of liquid crystal panels took first place in 2018. BOE’s primary focus is on improving color performance on ADS displays while increasing brightness and viewing angles.

Its proprietary imaging technology is called ADSDS, or simply ADS. When Samsung announced that it was phasing out LCD panel production in 2020, BOE ADS matrices became a reality in Samsung TVs. In this article, we will find out what an ADS panel is and answer the question: “Which type of ADS or IPS matrix is ​​better”?

IPS panels are designed to provide richer colors and greater depth than traditional TN panels. They use a configuration of liquid crystals located in a plane perpendicular to the luminous flux of the illumination (In Plane Switching). Overall image quality is improved with higher contrast, better color accuracy and increased brightness.

But the main thing is that compared to VA matrices, where liquid crystals are located along the backlight luminous flux, IPS panels have significantly improved viewing angles. This is a huge boon for lovers of joint entertainment at the TV screen. The IPS technology was further developed in PLS matrices .

This is the property of Samsung. PLS (Plane to Line Switching) offers even wider viewing angles as well as superior image quality and brightness through a denser arrangement of subpixels. It is also known that PLS matrices are more affordable. A significant disadvantage of IPS and PLS matrices is poor contrast relative to VA.

Continuing to develop and improve the ideology of IPS, many companies are striving to eliminate the main disadvantages of such panels – low contrast and price. BOE is clearly the most successful company with its ADvanced Super Dimension Switch technology. The ADS sensor type features ultra-wide viewing angles, excellent color reproduction and ultra-fast motion image processing.

Initially, the ADS TV matrix was intended to be used mainly in commercial projects. These are seamless video walls, digital signage, interactive whiteboards, transparent boards, and other specialized displays. Such a variety of areas of application is due not least to the high strength of the panels with the IPS-ADS matrix type. ADS screens are very pressure-resistant, which is not so important for TVs, but very important for interactive displays.

As a continuation of the development of IPS technology, the ADS matrix uses a highly transparent and highly conductive Indium Tin Oxide (ITO) material to form a control transistor layer. In specific figures, this gives an additional increase in brightness of the order of 15%. In addition, the rotation of liquid crystals in the subpixel is controlled by two electric fields – longitudinal and transverse.

This significantly increases the rate of change of the pixel state from gray to gray (GTG). Those. the response time of the ADS panel is significantly improved. The main disadvantage of ADS matrices is the relative high cost of the ITO layer due to the high price of indium. But the manufacturer is working on the use of highly transparent analog materials. These are aluminum-zinc oxide, graphene, and many other compounds.

How does ADS differ from IPS? IPS panels have become the industry standard for a long time, as the color reproduction and viewing angles of these matrices have not yet been surpassed. But the ADS matrix, in comparison with IPS, has increased brightness due to the use of a more light-transmitting layer as the basis for placing the control elements.

This alone gives her a huge plus. Placing the control layer above the LCD layer provides the ADS matrix with additional rigidity, expanding the possible areas of its use. The reduced response time opens up good prospects for use as TV screens and gaming monitors.

It remains to get around the main drawback – the relative high cost of ADS. But since Samsung has already started using ADS panels in its TVs (Q80A 2021), it means that things are moving in the right direction.

Here’s the latest press release from AOC regarding their new 27″ PLS monitor with Qi Wireless charging capability.  We’re hoping to cover a monitor using this technology in the future, so for now, here’s a quick rundown on the new model, along with the technical specifications:

AOC, a worldwide leader in monitor display technology, today announces an innovative new Full HD 27” PLS Monitor featuring a Qi Wireless Charging Base (P2779VC), the company’s first monitor that wirelessly charges your device. Simply place your Qi compatible device on top of the base to automatically begin effortlessly charging your device. No cords, no clutter. Not only does the P2779VC provide an easy solution to charging your smart device, the monitor also features wide-viewing angles with PLS panel and high-definition connections. The AOC 27” PLS Monitor featuring a Qi Wireless Charging Base will be available in the U.S. this December at Amazon, Best Buy, and NewEgg for $249.99 MSRP.

Qi Wireless Charging technology comes from the Chinese meaning “natural energy”. The technology is an interface standard developed by the Wireless Power Consortium for inductive electrical power transfer that wirelessly charges a compatible device’s battery using induction transfer. The monitor’s Qi Wireless Charging Base removes the hassle of cables and allows you to keep your device in view while charging and using the display, without having to worry about finding an outlet nearby. Compatible devices include Samsung Galaxy S5-6/Edge, Google Nexus 4-7, Motorola Droid Maxx, and Nokia Lumia 920-1520, among others.

Additionally, the display’s Plane to Line Switching (PLS) panel gives 178/178 degree viewing angle while maintaining consistent image quality and colors from all viewing positions. This PLS panel has true 8-bit color depth that results in incredible color accuracy and features a matte anti-glare coating that won’t leave fingerprints or smudges. PLS is perfect for graphic designing, video editing and photo retouching. You can also view your spreadsheets or weekend movies from virtually any angle without compromising color uniformity.

Advanced LED video wall with MicroLED models in 0.6, 0.7 and 0.9mm pixel pitches, and 1.2mm pixel pitch standard LED; with powerful processing, proprietary alignment technology and off-board electronics.

From cinema content to motion-based digital art, Planar® Luxe MicroLED Displays offer a way to enrich distinctive spaces. HDR support and superior dynamic range create vibrant, high-resolution canvases for creative expression and entertainment. Leading-edge MicroLED technology, design adaptability and the slimmest profiles ensure they seamlessly integrate with architectural elements and complement interior décor.

From cinema content to motion-based digital art, Planar® Luxe Displays offer a way to enrich distinctive spaces. These professional-grade displays provide vibrant, high-resolution canvases for creative expression and entertainment. Leading-edge technology, design adaptability and the slimmest profiles ensure they seamlessly integrate with architectural elements and complement interior decor.

Advanced LED video wall with MicroLED models in 0.6, 0.7 and 0.9mm pixel pitches, and 1.2mm pixel pitch standard LED; with powerful processing, proprietary alignment technology and off-board electronics.

From cinema content to motion-based digital art, Planar® Luxe MicroLED Displays offer a way to enrich distinctive spaces. HDR support and superior dynamic range create vibrant, high-resolution canvases for creative expression and entertainment. Leading-edge MicroLED technology, design adaptability and the slimmest profiles ensure they seamlessly integrate with architectural elements and complement interior décor.

Advanced LED video wall with MicroLED models in 0.6, 0.7 and 0.9mm pixel pitches, and 1.2mm pixel pitch standard LED; with powerful processing, proprietary alignment technology and off-board electronics.

a line of extreme and ultra-narrow bezel LCD displays that provides a video wall solution for demanding requirements of 24x7 mission-critical applications and high ambient light environments

Since 1983, Planar display solutions have benefitted countless organizations in every application. Planar displays are usually front and center, dutifully delivering the visual experiences and critical information customers need, with proven technology that is built to withstand the rigors of constant use.

First, to be clear, there is no “best” panel type out of these, as all have their respective advantages and disadvantages over the others. The information here pertains to general characteristics, as even panels of the same panel type will have some variance in characteristics (power consumption, backlight bleed, etc.) depending on the luck of the draw. Manufacturer tuning can also impact display output, affording some differentiating leverage to manufacturers sourcing from panel suppliers (which is effectively all of them).

Nostalgia or riddance aside, there are still some valid reasons to use a CRT monitor. When compared to LCD panels, CRT monitors can have higher contrast ratio, very low response time (which leads to non-blurred pictures even with fast movement on screen), and very little input lag, although LCD input lag can be largely negated. The downsides of CRTs are apparent, though: they’re large, heavy, consume more power, produce flicker, can produce audible, high frequency noise (although age plays into whether one can hear them or not), produce slightly distorted images, and produce harmful electromagnetic waves (in the form of x-rays), which requires that toxic materials such as lead and barium must be used as shielding to prevent detrimental health effects. CRT monitors are also notoriously hazardous to repair, given their large, active electrical coils that can measure upwards of 50,000 volts of electricity.

CRT displays are sometimes still used in medical, simulation, military, and government fields that have embedded the displays into control panels and machinery.

CRT monitors have largely gone out of production, and are rarely sold new (finding a used CRT is fairly easy), but their advantages temporarily lent themselves to some special uses. In regards to gaming, CRT monitors have historically been advantageous to use when gaming competitively due to very little motion blur and very little input lag. That being said, these advantages have faded with the progressive march of TN panels.

TN panels now have low motion blur (especially with lightboost or a similar technology), offer high refresh rates, low response times (1ms GTG in many cases), and are more than adequate even in the world’s most competitive games.

Ultimately, for the vast majority of users, the disadvantages of CRTs aren’t worth their limited gains, especially when TN panels meant for gaming more than adequately satisfy the needs of even competitive gamers.

TN panels have many benefits over the previously popular CRT monitors: lower weight, lower cost to produce, lower power consumption, they’re much thinner, offer clearer pictures, have no realistically achievable resolution limits, offer flexibility in size and shape, and the ability to eliminate flicker.

That being said, TN panels weren"t and still aren’t perfect, and compared to the previously popular CRT monitors, they’ve suffered from limited viewing angles, uneven backlighting, worse motion blur, higher input lag, dead/stuck pixels, and poor display in sunlight.

To be clear, many of these issues have been improved upon, but due to the underlying science of LCD TN panels, cannot be completely resolved. In fact, many of these issues -- like uneven backlighting, motion blur, input lag, and dead/stuck pixels -- are inherent issues across all LCD panel types. Poor viewing angles become a more pressing issue with larger displays, since the viewing angle when viewed straight on increases towards the outside of the monitor, thus causing more color distortion. TN panels do have the advantages of lower response times and higher refresh rates than other panel types/CRTs. TN panels are generally from 60Hz to 144Hz, offering substantially greater fluidity of gameplay with higher frequencies.

TN panels provide a good compromise between CRTs and other LCD panels as their traditionally low response rates, input lag, and high refresh rate make them comparable to CRTs for accuracy; TN panels also have the advantages of offering sharper pictures, widescreen output, lower weight, smaller physical dimensions, and higher resolutions compared to CRTs.

Still, compared to other LCD panels, TN panels suffer from poor viewing angles and worse color reproduction. Ultimately, for most gamers playing somewhat competitively to very competitively, TN panels are a good choice, but for those looking for a prettier and improved color experience, another panel type may be worth considering.

IPS (In-Plane Switching) was created to address the shortcomings of TN panels. IPS panels seek to solve TN panels’ issues of poor color reproduction and viewing angles. In this regard, IPS panels have largely succeed. Not only do they offer a higher contrast ratio (superior blacks), high color accuracy (which leads to IPS panels also generally looking less “washed out”), but IPS panels also have very little color shift when changing the viewing angles.

The tradeoff to this is that IPS panels have slower response times, higher production costs, higher power consumption, and lower possible refresh rates. IPS panels have traditionally been 60Hz, although, as with all monitors, they can be overclocked (results will vary). There have been improvements to IPS panels over the years, and slightly different revisions in the form of E-IPS and H-IPS, but ultimately the differences between these versions are inconsequential to gamers and those not involved in graphic design as a job.

Due to their worse response rates and lower possible refresh rates, IPS panels are generally considered to be worse for competitive gameplay and used more often when color is important, such as graphic design. For gamers who don’t play competitively and prefer breathtaking strolls in Skyrim instead of sweeping scrubs in CS:GO, an IPS panel should be a consideration for the next monitor.

PLS (Plane to Line Switching) are quite similar to IPS panels, so much so that they have the same advantages and disadvantages, with a couple extra minor advantages. PLS is produced by Samsung, who claims that compared to IPS panels, PLS panels have better viewing angles, a 10% increase in brightness, 15% decrease in production costs, increased image quality, and allow for flexible panels. Samsung’s PLS panels have been known to overclock well in monitors such as the QNIX 2710 in particular. Overall, PLS is basically Samsung’s version of IPS, as it is very similar in functionality (and even name). AHVA is also very similar to IPS and PLS, and differentiation between them is rare, although it should not be confused with the next panel type.

VA (Vertical Alignment) panels offer a solid medium between TN and IPS panels. VA was created to combine the advantages of IPS and TN panels, and largely did, although they did so with some compromise. That seems to be a theme in the world of monitors.

Compared to IPS panels, VA panels have the advantage of higher possible refresh rates. Although most are currently 60Hz, there are a few that are above 60Hz. VA has more advantages over TN panels than IPS, with better color reproduction, higher maximum brightness, and better viewing angles. VA panels do have the best contrast ratios of all panel types mentioned, but they also have the worst response times of the monitor technologies covered here. This causes blurring in fast-moving pictures and is disadvantageous to gaming.

For the use of gaming, VA is not the greatest option due to generally higher response time in comparison to other panel types; this slower response causes more motion blur, effectively eliminating its deployment for fast-moving titles. For a general work monitor, VA panels provide high contrast ratios, brightness, refresh rates, good color reproduction, and good viewing angles.

TN panels are another good choice for competitive gamers, as they support higher refresh rates, low response times, decent input lag, and high resolutions. Their bad viewing angles, color reproduction, and slight blurring compared to CRT monitors (due to higher response times) are all disadvantages, ones which cannot be easily fixed.

IPS panels solve the issues of TN panels, with better color reproduction and viewing angles, but do so at the cost of refresh rate and response time. IPS panels are especially useful for those not wanting to play too competitively, but want a beautiful/immersive visual experience. PLS and AHVA are similar enough to IPS to usually not be differentiated.

VA panels provide a good middle ground with better-than-IPS refresh rates and contrast levels, but have worse viewing angles and color production, although generally still better than TN. Response times are VA’s largest downfall, though, being slower than IPS and its variants and TN.

What’s best for you will depend on all of these items. For those wanting to play at a competitive level and who favor FPS or racing games, TN panels are best. Those wanting a more impressive and immersive experience may want an IPS (or similar variant, such as PLS), especially if working on artistic endeavors. Finally, those wanting a general monitor for work might consider a VA panel, although due to their higher response times, they won’t be good for gaming.

Enhance productivity with the Samsung PLS Panel Monitor that fits well in any professional work environment. This 24-inch monitor features a display resolution of 1920 x 1080 pixels for crisp and clear visuals. Its fully-adjustable stand delivers comfort at workplace.

Monitor Features :72% (CIE 1976) color gamut, Eco Saving Plus, Eye Saver Mode, Flicker Free technology, Game mode, Image Size, Mega Dynamic Contrast Ratio, Wide Viewing Angle

At the heart of PLS-CADD is a sophisticated three-dimensional engineering model. This model includes the terrain, the structures and all the wires. The model can be viewed in a number of different ways: profile views, plan views, plan & profile sheets, 3-D views, staking lists... The PLS-CADD model is much more than just a picture or CAD drawing since PLS-CADD understands the relationship between these elements. When you drag a structure off the current alignment PLS-CADD will generate new profiles and update all affected structure and wire positions. The effects of this structure move will be instantly visible in all views including the plan & profile sheet view. In PLS-CADD you concentrate on designing your line instead of wasting your time drafting.

PLS-CADD easily adapts to the wide range of technologies used for line surveys including total station instruments, airborne lasers and photogrammetry. It accepts survey data in both the plan and the profile coordinate systems. Survey data can be keyed in, can be digitized using the built in heads-up digitizer, or can be electronically imported from a survey data file. PLS-CADD has a customizable data import routine that can read a wide range of survey data formats.

Superposition of planimetric maps and aerial photographs can be used to better visualize the area around your line. When sufficient data are available PLS-CADD can give you an even better perspective using contour lines, color renderings and even draped aerial photographs.

PLS-CADD’s engineering functions are very flexible and are easily adapted to conform to your standards. You start by defining the combinations of wind, ice, temperature and safety factors you wish to use. Next, you tell the program which combinations to use for loading trees, for insulator swing checks, for clearance checks, wire tension checks... PLS-CADD will check things your way. You can work in either imperial or metric units and can even switch back and forth between these unit systems. The fact that over 125 countries use PLS-CADD is a testament to its adaptability to a wide range of standards.

PLS-CADD supports both automatic and manual spotting. With manual spotting you use the mouse to add, delete, edit or move a structure. In automatic spotting the program spots structures for you to obtain the lowest cost design possible subject to your constraints. Automatic spotting often results in designs as much as 10% lower in cost than human generated designs. PLS-CADD gives you the best of both the automatic and the manual spotting worlds: cost and time savings while still maintaining control.

PLS-CADD has built in sag-tension routines. You can quickly display your line in 3-d for any weather condition complete with insulator swings and wire blowout. Clearances from wires to ground or between phases can also be calculated under any weather conditions. Loading trees, stringing charts, galloping ellipses, IEEE Std. 738 and Cigre Brochure 207 thermal ratings, and offset clipping results are all easily accessed.

PLS-CADD goes beyond ordinary sag-tension programs. Running ACSR conductors at high temperature can cause the aluminum strands to go into compression. Most sag-tension programs do not model this effect and thus underestimate the sags. PLS-CADD can model your line both with and without the compression effect so you can see how severe it is.

Like most line design programs, PLS-CADD uses ruling span approximations in its sag-tension calculations. Unlike these other programs, PLS-CADD can work together with our SAPS multi-span finite element sag-tension program when the ruling span isn"t appropriate. When used in this manner PLS-CADD bypasses its built in sag-tension routine and uses SAPS instead. This allows modeling of broken conductors, unbalanced ice, marker balls, and flexible structure scenarios that are incompatible with ruling span approximations. It also allows fixing the length of wire in each span to see the impact of moving structures, inserting structures or cutting out wire in an existing line.

PLS-CADD provides several methods for modeling structures. The simplest is the wind & weight span method for which you need only enter values of allowable wind & weight spans, allowable suspension insulator swing angles and the coordinates of the wire attachment points. A far more powerful method of modeling structures is available when using our structure programs. These programs construct a finite element model from some basic input quantities such as pole height, pole class, cross-arm size and guy placement. When such a structure is checked PLS-CADD not only tells you if the structure is adequate but it also displays a color-coded picture showing which parts of the structure are most highly stressed. You have complete flexibility in changing tensions, conductors and loading agendas and can see the results of these changes on structure usage in seconds. Guyed structures, frames and even lattice towers are all easily accommodated. This method is ideal for upgrade studies of existing lines and is far more powerful and accurate than any other alternative.

PLS-CADD features a powerful material subsystem for cost estimation and material list generation. Parts data such as stock-number, part description, cost and custom user defined columns can be entered directly into PLS-CADD. Next, assemblies can be created from parts and/or other assemblies. Alternatively, PLS-CADD can extract parts information from an existing company database. All ODBC compliant databases such as Oracle, Access and DB2 are supported and PLS-CADD is easily configured to access existing database schemas.

Parts and assemblies are tied to structures enabling PLS-CADD to estimate the cost of structures or your entire line. A number of different material and staking list reports are available and can be easily exported to spreadsheets or ODBC databases for use in asset management or work order systems.

PLS-CADD totally automates plan & profile sheet drafting. Your plan & profile sheets are updated real-time as you make changes to your design. With a few keystrokes these sheets can be plotted to a Windows compatible printer/plotter or they can be imported into your CAD system. Planimetric drawings, aerial photographs, custom drawing borders, title blocks and company logos are all automatically integrated into these drawings. Once again, PLS-CADD adapts to your standards giving you full control over page size, page layout, text size, scales and many other sheet parameters. Customers typically report that PLS-CADD reduces their drafting time by over 95%.

PLS-CADD addresses the reality that terrain modeling, engineering, spotting, and drafting are not disjoint processes but are all interrelated. By integrating all these functions into a single environment PLS-CADD streamlines the design process. The result is simplicity, flexibility and efficiency not attainable when using a collection of programs from different vendors. PLS-CADD’s engineering features are unsurpassed giving you the state-of-the-art in sag-tension, structural analysis and automatic spotting. From distribution wood poles all the way to 500 kV or higher guyed frames and lattice towers, PLS-CADD has the power and flexibility to do it all. Proven in over 1600 organizations in more than 125 countries, PLS-CADD is the worldwide standard in line design.