petroleum jelly lcd screen factory

Magic erasers are usually used for cleaning up messes, but could they clean up scratches? Yup. It wiped out small scratches on the phone"s screen in just a few seconds. Taylor Martin has a tutorial on how to make your own magic erasers for just around $0.10 (£0.07 or AU$0.14) each.

Wiping a screen with toothpaste (not the gel kind) supposedly works for fixing scratched screens. All it did in my tests was make the screen shinier and seemed to add small abrasion marks. I also tried toothpaste on a plastic screen protector, such as the kind that comes with OtterBox phone cases. It worked great on that! So it"s a no for screens, but a yes for plastic screen protectors.

Car waxes and headlight lens creams are supposed to be effective at removing scratches on screens, so I gave Mothers PowerPlastic 4Lights headlight cream a try. It made the scratches fade significantly, and l liked the shine it gave my screen.

A paste of two parts baking soda to one part water has been bandied about as a great screen fixer. Nope. It just made the screen really shiny. Plus, the moisture in the paste could damage your device.

According to the internet, coconut oil can solve just about any problem. Shockingly, it didn"t work well on phone scratches. Like with the petroleum jelly, it just made the phone super slippery.

I wasn"t sure about this tip. Sites say to mix the corn starch with a little water to make a paste, rub it on the screen with a soft cloth, and then wipe it off. It didn"t do anything to the scratches, but it made the screen shiny.

OK, this one freaked me out. A lot. Putting gooey, oily stuff on electronics is never a good idea, but I gave it a shot in the name of science. I dabbed a bit on as recommended, and rubbed it into the screen with a tissue. As I feared, all it did was make the test screen oily and sticky.

Why do people think it"s a good idea to rub food on their phones? Nope, rubbing a banana peel on your screen won"t help it. I tried it a couple different ways and it just left a crusty mess that is hard to remove.

Powdered cleanser like Bar Keepers Friend, Comet, Ajax and the like seem a good idea for buffing out scratches. They are slightly abrasive, so you"d think they"d polish your screen to a gleaming scratch-free shine. Well, they don"t. They can even leave new little scratches on your screen. Yah, this test didn"t go well.

With the importance of home entertainment in a fashion society, many people choose to take a place in a very flat environmentDue to the previous crt TV, screen TV has several advantages over the previous TV.However, these new, more advancedlooking flat-Screen TV will usually come back with high value and it will become even more scary once your TV stops running.Fortunately, it"s much easier to troubleshoot and fix flat-screen TV problems than you think.Of course, repairs may still require a lot of changes, or even help from professionals, but this is higher than buying a brand new flat-screen TV.When it comes to repairing an apartmentScreen TV, there are a series of problems that can cause problems.The most common problem people seem to have is the screen and the picturerelated.As long as no matter the damage to the screen, there is no penetration of the plasma layer or LCD pixel behind the screen, repair the tabletScreen TV is possible.If the damage is too deep, it is necessary to replace all the TV.For scratched screens, different strategies for fixing the TV can be used.This includes the use of scratch kits, automatic rubbing compounds, and transparent paint or Vaseline.Different instructions;Remove theNo matter where the scratched space is, there is a strong light coating on the screen and carefully re-coverKeep in mind that the third technique may be temporary repair;This will, however, involve less risk.For small cracks, you will use the above-Named petrolatum technology.First, clean the surface of the screen world and block the cracks with a rag in diluted alcohol.Then, use a clean optician cloth to apply a large amount of Vaseline to the cracked space of the screen.Make sure the jelly is smooth, again, take any excess jelly from the screen.Oil is a fast, simple and economical solution;However, this is not a permanent solution, usually only for tiny cracks that don"t look easy to see.For huge cracks or cracks within the main focus of the screen, you may be more than happy to swap the screen completely.There are 3 options for those with a broken screen: buy a brand new TV, change the screen yourself, or have an expert do it.If you want to replace it, position the frame screw first, then screw all the screws.Take the frame of the TV and put it aside.The next step is to disconnect any cables that connect the frame and screen.Make sure you note where the wires go.After removing the broken screen, place the new screen in place and go back to the steps, insert the wire, re-Assemble the frame and fix the frame with screws.A common drawback of flat panel LCD TVs, especially plasma TVs, is LCD distortion, which has problems such as pixel death and LCD burning.There are many different solutions, however one costAn efficient approach requires an external DVD player (even if the TV comes with a built-in DVD player) and a composition correction DVD.Disconnect all devices outside the DVD player from the TV.Use the TV menu to navigate to the resolution to select the LCD and select the best resolution supported by the TV.Insert the constituent correction DVD into the DVD player and select the fix you want to perform, or use the code wizard to guide you through this method.Whether you"re looking for a brand new flat panel LCD, Motherboard or an alternative flat panel LCD TV component, eBay is a place worth a try to search for components for several TV models.Simply enter the keyword "flat panel LCD TV replacement parts" in the search bar to get a list of available items.You can improve your search by entering a lot of specific keywords.Since flat-screen LCD TVs are usually expensive, they can cause huge headaches when they are broken.If you keep throwing the remote control on the TV during an active campaign, don"t be afraid;It"s also much easier to fix a flat-screen TV than you think

Welcome to a guide on how to remove scratches on computer screens. Oh no! There is an ugly scratch mark on the screen, and it is very annoying every time you use the computer. Fear not. If the scratch is not too deep, there might still be hope with some “home and Internet remedies”.

Have a very dirty screen with a lot of small scratches everywhere? Then you will need to get a cleaning cloth, some cotton buds, a soft brush, and cleaning alcohol (90% isopropyl alcohol from pharmacies will also do the trick).

First, apply the alcohol evenly over the screen. Be careful of the edges around the screen, and not get the alcohol inside – It will damage the electronics. Wipe it down with the cleaning cloth, and use cotton buds to target stubborn spots. This should pretty much restore any old screens back into their “shiny state”.

Note – I know the above is not a “scratch repair” video, but that is a very good demonstration of how to restore an old computer screen using cleaning alcohol.

Lastly, apply the toothpaste to the screen, use a cleaning cloth and rub it in a circular manner – The whole idea is to use the toothpaste as a screen polish.

This is another trick that we techies use to hide the scratches, and yep, just about any petroleum jelly-based product will work. All we need is to gently rub the cream into the “scar”, it should start to “blend in” and fade the scratch mark. Take note though, that it seems to only work on matte plastic screens and not the glossy glass ones.

This is kind of an “enhanced method” of the above windscreen polish. If there are a lot of micro-scratches on the screen, you can try applying a wet piece of very fine sandpaper (2000 grit) in circular motions to get rid of them first.

Then, complete the treatment with windscreen polish and car wax. The whole process requires quite a lot of elbow grease and patience, but it does restore the screen back to its “default factory shiny state”… Maybe even better.

Once upon a time in the bronze age of the Internet, people would use mashed bananas and baking soda to repair the scratched CDs… A very eco-friendly way of repairing stuff, non-toxic too. If it works on the plastic of a CD, then it should also technically work on plastic computer screens.

Personally, a combination of cleaning alcohol and Vaseline seems to work the best; Cleaning alcohol to remove the gunk, and Vaseline to cover the micro scratches. But take note, this worked on plastic screens, not glass.

If you run your fingers across the scratch mark, and it catches your fingernail. That is probably too deep to be fixed with the above home remedies, and it’s better to replace the entire screen.

Scratches on your phone screen are a nuisance, but you can fix some minor scratches on your own with household products. If your phone screen has a plastic cover, try buffing out scratches with toothpaste. Make sure you use a toothpaste with a pasty texture instead of a gel. Apply a dab of the toothpaste to a soft cloth, a cotton swab, or a soft-bristle toothbrush. Gently rub the paste over the scratched area in a circular motion until the scratch fades. Then, wipe your screen clean with a soft, slightly damp cloth. Finish up by wiping it with a dry microfiber polishing cloth. For glass screens or screen covers, use a cerium oxide glass polishing powder instead. Mix about 100 g of the powder with enough water to create a paste with a creamy consistency. Cover your speaker and any other ports, such as your charger or headphone port, with tape to keep the polish from getting in. Dip a polishing cloth in the glass polish mix and rub it vigorously over the scratched area using circular motions. After about 30 seconds, wipe away the polish and see if the scratch has faded. Repeat this process until the scratch is gone or faded to your liking. When you’re done, wipe away the polish and remove the tape. Then, go over your phone again with a clean, dry polishing cloth. To learn how to prevent scratches on your phone screen, keep reading!

Every few years, the standards that are associated with computer peripherals change. For example, the previous CD-Rom standards were upgraded to CD writers, then it became DVD drives and the now, the accepted standard are DVD writers.LCD monitors are the new standard in computer displays. Though they have not yet replaced CRT (cathode ray tube) monitors completely, LCD monitors are fast rising in popularity because of their extremely sleek looks, lower power consumption and more convenient footprint on a desk.

LCD monitors at this point are still quite expensive though and thus, extra care should be given to the unit so that it will maintain its pristine condition.

Probably the most important part that should be taken care of in an LCD monitor is the screen itself. The screen is not as tough as the glass tube of a CRT. If you have an LCD screen you will notice that only a clear, thick plastic separates your fingers from the actual components of the LCD. It is imperative that you take care of your LCD screen as much as possible and prevent it from being scratched.

There is a way though of repairing a scratched LCD screen though that is inexpensive and very easy. All you need is Vaseline petroleum jelly to fill the scratch on the LCD screen. This very simple remedy works because the optical density of Vaseline more closely matches the LCD face compared to air.

All you need to do is to clean the surface of the screen and then take some Vaseline and fill the scratch with it. Gently wipe off the excess Vaseline taking care not to wipe too forcefully so that you leave some inside the scratch.

There’s zero point in splashing out on a fancy new telly, only to let a film of dust or dirt – or worse still, fingerprints – build up. Even the dazzling sea creatures of Blue Planet lose their vibrancy when your large TV display needs a clean. And if you’re convinced you’re immune to scuzzy screens, take a second look; you might be surprised by what you find and, more importantly, how much richer those colours are once you’re telly has had a spring clean.

Yes and if you’ve just switched it off, leave it for 15 minutes to cool down. Not only is it much easier to clean a completely black screen than something with moving images and colours, but it needs to be cold so that it doesn’t streak when you clean it. For safety, we’d suggest unplugging the TV altogether before you start to clean.

First, delicately remove anything that might be abrasives from the surface, so you don’t scratch your screen while you’re trying to clean it. For this, you’ll need a fine microfibre cloth to wipe the whole surface very gently.

Before you resort to screen wipes or cleaning solution, go to your TV manufacturer"s website and look for their specific cleaning instructions – here they"ll often make it clear which brands they recommend, and what products not to use.

In most cases, you can use either LCD screen cleaning wipes or spray a tiny amount of special cleaning solution onto a fine microfibre cloth, gently wiping the screen in circular motions until the screen is clean and dry. Don’t press hard even if the dirt doesn’t come off immediately and never over-saturate a cloth with cleaning solution. All you’ll get is serious streaking, and a few small sprays is all you need.

Never use paper towels or other cloths as these could scratch the screen and/or leave lint. And never spray cleaning products directly onto the TV screen as it could be a disaster, particularly for the delicate anti-glare coatings on LCD and OLED displays.

Yes, some people advocate using a vinegar and water solution, made with equal parts of each, particularly for dirty screens. However, we"d only use this as a last resort, or on a TV which you"re not too bothered about – we certainly wouldn"t put it anywhere near a spanking new OLED or LCD set.

Some people assume a window cleaner is fine – it’s a screen after all and you might have seen your granny use window cleaner on her old tube telly. But you should never use it on a modern TV screen – or indeed any product containing ammonia, ethyl alcohol, acetone or ethyl chloride. These chemicals can damage the anti-glare layer on your screen and your television will never be the same again. Use the wrong products, and you will leave permanent marks and irreperably damage the image quality on your TV.

The plastic edge surrounding the TV screen isn’t as delicate as the screen itself, so can be cleaned with any multipurpose cleaner. Just make sure there’s no contact with the screen itself.

Check your warranty as you may be able to exchange a scratched TV screen for a new one. If it’s not under warranty, use a scratch repair kit made for TV screens. You can also use petroleum jelly – dip a cotton bud into the petroleum jelly and dab it over the scratch. Alternatively, clear lacquer can be sprayed minimally directly over the scratch, then allowed to dry.

Electronics wipes are soft, non-abrasive, wet disposable wipes designed specifically for cleaning electronics surfaces. These anti-static ones are suitable for TV screens, as well as smartphones, computer screens, and any other electronics surfaces, working quickly to remove dust, smudges and fingerprints without leaving behind any lint, sticky residue or streaks. The resealable pouch means they stay moist.

Not sure if your microfibre cloth is fine enough for use on a delicate TV screen? You can be totally sure this one is as it’s made specifically with tv screens in mind. It’s extra thick and double layered, so it works a treat on removing dust, dirt and fingerprints. You can wipe in circular movements with no smearing in sight. It’s machine washable and you get two in a pack, so you’ve always got one to remove the dirt and another to polish. As a bonus, you can use it on your glasses too.

In this kit, you get a large, fluffy microfibre cloth plus a bottle of environmentally-friendly, chemical and alcohol free liquid solution that’s specially made to clean your screen in an antibacterial and anti-static way. Just a couple of sprays into the cloth and a quick wipe over the screen and it’s as good as new – without a streak in sight. It doesn’t come cheap, but the quality of both the cloth and solution is high and it lasts ages. It’s also good for cleaning all your other screens, including monitors and phones. Finally, eco-warriors will like the fact that everything in the kit is completely recyclable.

There are a tonnes of TV cleaning sprays available, but none seem to do the job as well as this. As with all TV screen cleaners, you spray a little bit into your fine microfibre cloth (never directly onto the screen) and gently rub over the surface using circular movements. This will effortlessly remove even grubby fingerprints, while the spray itself should lasts for ages. Nor is it restricted to your telly; we’ve found it works a treat on everything from DVDs to windows too.

This kit is on a par with the Ecomoist kit in terms of performance and just as safe and natural. Everything is made from plant based products, so there is no odour, no alcohol and no ammonia or other chemical. They’ve worked it out that there are 1,572 sprays in each bottle, and while we didn’t have the patience to check that out, we can tell you that you really only need one spray (two tops) into the excellent quality purple microfibre cloth for each clean. In other words, one bottle might last you the rest of your TV’s lifespan – and probably yours as well – though you’ll probably wind up using it on windows and glasses, plus the screens of any other electronic devices in the house.

Like the Pledge Electronics wipes, these leave a smear-free, anti-static finish while also eradicating germs as they clean. But unlike the Pledge ones, they’re individually wrapped so they don’t dry out. This is brilliant if you don’t have to clean your telly that often. There’s no screen they’re not safe on, either, so you can feel free to use them on smartphones, computer screens, and any other device with a dirty display.

The raw materials that are extracted for use in a television come from many different sources, which makes the beginning of the television’s life cycle one that starts at many different places. One of the main types of materials used in televisions are plastics, namely thermoplastics such as polyethylene. Thermoplastics like polyethylene are used because they can be melted down and remolded repeatedly, which is part of the process in making the exterior casing of a television. Polyethylene is made from the polymerization of ethylene. Ethylene is produced from the cracking of ethane gas, which can be separated from natural gas. When the polyethylene is ready, it is molded into the specific shape that is required to encase a television, and is then set into that shape by using a thermoset. The thermoset is used to fix the meltable plastic in the shape that the plastic has been molded in, meaning that once the thermoset is fixed onto the plastic, the plastic cannot be melted again. The fixing of thermosets is necessary for electronic appliances like televisions that produce a significant amount of heat, so that the plastic that encases the television will not melt down. The most common thermoset used in televisions is urea formaldehyde. Urea formaldehyde is made by obtaining urea, a solid crystal, from ammonia gas, and by obtaining formaldehyde from methane gas. The two are then chemically combined to make the resin-like material that is used as a thermoset. Another main material that is used in most television is glass. Glass is the essential material that makes up the screen of a television, and is made from the chemical compound silicon oxide. All these materials are extracted and made in factories spread throughout the world, adding to the complexity of manufacturing televisions.

While plastics and glass are the main materials that make up the exterior of a television, the interior parts of a television are made up of a greater range of materials. Plastics are also used in the interior of a television, but inside of a television are also found gases and minerals. Gases such as argon, neon, and xenon gas fill the television screen for the purpose of projecting colors into the screen, and are made visible by the phosphor coating that coats the inside of a television screen. Glass and lead are also found inside of a television screen. These two materials make up cathode ray tubes, which are the video display components of a television. Other components that are found inside of a television also require thermoplastics like polyethylene, including components such as light valves, which work together with cathode ray tubes to enable the electrons inside to be visible on screen. The main electrical components on the interior of a television require a large amount of silicon; these include components such as the logic board, circuit boards, and capacitors. Once again, these materials are extracted and processed on several different continents. Silicon can be found in many different places, but a large supply comes from California. Meanwhile, many plastics are manufactured in China, while factories in the United States manufacture glass. These materials can be manufactured or extracted in other countries as well, which also helps to make the life cycle of a television a complex and global circle.

Once the materials that will make up the television have been extracted and processed, the assembled television is ready to be distributed. Once again, the distribution process of televisions is spread out all around the world. In the case of Americans, televisions are no longer manufactured in the United States. This means that the televisions must be shipped oversea to the United States, which is done by both plane and boat. Thus, the diesel fuel used to power both planes and cargo boats are used as raw materials in the life cycle of a television. The diesel fuel used in planes and cargo boats are usually kerosene based, which is obtained by distilling petroleum. Additionally, when the televisions get to the United States, they must be distributed by means of shipping trucks, which means the natural gasoline that they use are another addition to the raw materials that are involved in the life cycle of a television. As a final step in the distribution process, the televisions are usually packaged in cardboard boxes, which are commonly made from recycled paper. More plastic is then used to protect the television in the form of protective wrap such as bubble wrap. Bubble wrap is also made from the polyethylene that makes up many components of the television, making plastic a material that is essential to every stage thus far of the life cycle of a television, as well as being a material that makes the life cycle difficult to analyze.

Televisions are globally one of the dominant selling products in the technology sector. China is the primary manufacturer, being home to many of the preeminent selling TV companies such as TCL, Skyworth and others that partner with Chinese manufacturers such as Samsung and LG. Although the number of televisions that are produced per year is not a record the public has access to, it is estimated that there are seven-hundred and fifty-nine point three million TV sets connected worldwide in 2018 [14]. The cradle-to-grave of television production has five steps: the acquisition of raw and synthetic materials, the manufacturing process, the distribution and transportation, the use of televisions, and the disposal and recycling [9]. Energy application is present in each of the five stages of the complete life cycle of televisions, specifically the Liquid Crystal Display (LCD) model. The entire life cycle of televisions uses and produces energy that is not environmentally safe to human and animal health and the atmosphere. Even though television companies claim to be decreasing the environmental consequences, the immense presence of energy use throughout the cradle-to-grave of television production continue to result in hazardous effects.

The first step of the television life cycle, the acquisition of the materials, produces and uses the largest amount of energy of the steps. The acquiring process of the materials includes obtainment, collection, extraction, combination, and transformation of the raw and synthetic materials. The main materials are plastics, circuits, circuit boards, glass, metals and various materials such as indium-tin oxide and liquid crystal. Plastics make up the exterior pieces and layout of the television, as well as a fewer small pieces inside. Plastic is formed from crude oil or natural gas like fossil fuels, which have to first be mined from the earth’s core and then must be processed before the polymerisation process can be carried out. This process is used to chemically combine carbon monomers in order to form carbon polymers which make up plastic and give it it’s individual properties. Overall, plastics require motion energy and electricity to be mined and chemical energy to turn oil or natural gas into plastic. Circuits make up the various circuit boards along with minor metal or plastic pieces. The circuits are originally made of silicon dioxide, or silica, which must be extracted from the earth’s crust. More modernly, silica is being replaced by quartz by some manufacturing companies. Silica and quartz are both extracted from the earth using electricity and thermal energy through mining and extraction. Silicon dioxide is used in the circuit boards because it is a semiconductor, so it must be processed with drilling or thermal techniques to obtain the desired shape and form. The obtainment of materials for the circuits involves thermal energy and electricity through the multiple steps. Silicon dioxide is also the main component in glass which is made from heating sand or quartz with waste glass and soda ash into a liquid mixture to be molded into the desired solid shape. Thermal energy is the prime energy source in the transformation process of glass, but also the minor electricity source for the silica. The various metals that are found scattered through modern televisions include gold, lead and copper. Each of these metals must be mined and extracted from the earth requiring electricity and thermal energy must be applied in order to change the form into liquid to modify the shape for parts. Liquid crystal that is used in the Liquid Crystal Display (LCD) panels is found in various mineral forms and must be extracted using electricity. Indium-tin oxide (ITO) is “a scattered and rare element” that is found in the Earth’s crust, but is “challenging to [extract]” [4]. It actually does not exist as an ore itself but it is “mainly produced as a by-product of zinc mining” or lead mining [11]. The zinc and lead are mined using electricity and then using smelting techniques, which apply thermal energy, indium-tin oxide is processed out of the ores. The collection of the materials involves the extensive energy application of the varying types of energy. Once the materials are acquired, the manufacturing stage begins and the precarious energy utilization continues to grow.

The manufacturing phase applies the second most impactful energy use behind the first step, emitting hazardous effects in large, concentrated volumes. The production processes vary by manufacturer, but they generally contain assembly lines, machine tools and technology, automated robots and packaging. The plastic parts found throughout the structure and the inner parts are made using the well-adopted injection molding process. This process uses thermal energy to liquify plastic in order to be injected into the definite molds [5]. After they cool, they must be cut and sized-down to perfection with saws and cleaned manually for safety as well as appeal [5]. This requires electricity to function the saws and kinetic energy in human movements for the manual work [9]. The LCD panels are composed of a variety of substances and materials, the most prominent being indium-tin oxide, liquid crystal and metal pieces [2]. The panels are manually made adding the liquid crystal layer, the ITO layer and a few other metal and glass layers using either adhesives or screws to connect them all together. This process of building the LCDs exerts immense kinetic and mechanical energy by human labor. The glass flat screen for the television must be laser-cut to shape utilizing thermal energy and electricity. All of this electricity and thermal energy that is used in manufacturing requires incredible amounts of coal or fossil fuel consumption. The greenhouse gas emissions (GHG) resulting from the energy application are inordinately unsafe for the Earth in the short and long term. They are destroying our atmosphere which can damage plant life and harm the human and animal health. The manufacturing phase, although it is the second step most in energy consumption and emission, the concentrated levels of emission make it detrimental nonetheless. This stage includes the packaging and loading of the finished television sets in order to be ready for the next step, transportation and distribution worldwide.

TV sets inevitably must be replaced, but disposal techniques are still being experimented in terms of safety, procurement of materials and the energy application, including the effects. If televisions are not recycled and disposed properly, the materials can leak into the ground contaminating clean water systems and the plant life or harm humans who do not disassemble the TVs safely [6]. The best method for dismantling has proven to be to retrace the manufacturing process backwards to disassemble it most cost-effectively and with the most recovery of materials [12]. A comprehensive study by Ardente and Mathieux (2014) initiated an ideal method that consists of five steps to dismantle LCD panels as well as other electronic devices: “reusability, recyclability, recoverability, recycled and use of hazardous substance” [15]. Experiments to retrieve and reuse all of the materials have yet to be successful, but a few of the materials have favorable results including plastics, precious metals, glass and ITO. The basis of the disassembly from LCD panels has the highest efficiency when dismantled and extracted manually rather than mechanically which applies large amounts of kinetic and mechanical energy [1]. The numerous plastic parts are best recycled using two techniques: energy recovery (or thermal recycling) and mechanical recycling (or material recycling) [10]. Energy recovery is incineration of plastic waste to be used as electricity involving kinetic and mechanical energy by manual labor, but mostly uses electricity and thermal energy to incinerate the plastics[10]. Mechanical recycling is plastic waste being recycled into other resources utilizing kinetic or mechanical energy by manual labor as well as potential energy and gravitational energy of the materials [10]. Precious metals and glass both use kinetic, mechanical and thermal energies to be extracted manually, crushed down and then typically sold to be melted down to reform for other products. Indium-tin oxide is the most recycled raw material in LCD panels and can be fully extracted by numerous techniques encompassing leaching [11], sorption [4], and pyrolysis [1]. These each include exposing the LCD panels to varying chemicals, high temperatures and a range of pressures [4]. Overall, the recovery of ITO by means of recycling involves intensive chemical, thermal and pressure energies. This final stage of disposal and recycling of LCD televisions has the most exposure to research and experimenting. It encompasses the second highest levels of energy application, relatively identical to the manufacturing phase, but there is vast potential to lower this energy consumption and waste to a more environmentally friendly approach.

[4]Assefi, Mohammad, et al. "Selective recovery of indium from scrap LCD panels using macroporous resins." Journal of Cleaner Production 180 (2018): 814-822.

The manufacturing of televisions has continuously been monitored as a part of the life cycle assessment in the modern day society. A television is simply a machine powered by electricity that displays images on a screen and sounds out of the speakers. Current models of TVs are mainly focused on the LCD TV, which is a liquid crystal display television. LEDs, light-emitting diodes, are the source for illuminating light by the movement of electrons on a semiconductor that gives off the variation of colors behind the display. Creating the televisions by incorporating LEDs and additional metal elements into a contained liquid crystal display with a plastic frame is the main concept for the TV. During the production of an LCD TV, the detrimental effects to the environment of the waste and emissions such as greenhouse gases from the materials of the metals can be observed through the assembly process of the television and the disposal of the substances.

As the amount of TVs are increasing for demand, the air pollution worsens in relations to the increase of metals for compact designs of the monitors. In the initial phase, the screen is created with silicon oxide and indium tin oxide that are used for polishing the glass layers. The silicon oxide is a colorless material consisting of quartz as the main ingredient while the indium tin oxide is a yellow colored substance that acts as a coating for clearness. According to the Laboratory Chemical Safety Summary, the National Institutes of Health states that silicon dioxide “may cause mechanical irritation to the eyes, respiratory tract and skin” (U.S. National Library of Medicine, 2008). The substance is hazardous as a solid form of dust particles that can be inhaled through the air. Though, silicon dioxide is applied to the glass screens in a liquid form ,which is not toxic to the workers, to smoothen the surface and correctly position the liquid crystals. Air borne inhalation of the chemical is not as harmful as the physical contact with the substance itself. Therefore, factories enforce workers to wear protective gear from the head to feet to prevent exposure to the liquids. Likewise, the indium tin oxide is cautioned with safety equipment and masks. In the Chemical Information Profile by the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, indium tin oxide, ITO for short, also “may cause severe irritation and burns to the skin or eyes” (U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, 2009). Similarly, the substance is effective in a powdered form that may cause lung infection through inhalation. The screen is then made more transparent with ITO in a liquid state. Both substances obtain a fine quality of a glass screen and are not considered devastating to the surrounding. However, ingesting and direct contact with the chemicals can be severe with the side effects in mind. Refining the glass is not the most detrimental of the process but still requires attentive measures to prevent a high accumulation of the liquids.

Another substance that is harmful to the environment within the procedure mainly revolves around the nitrogen trifluoride on the LCD television. Nitrogen trifluoride is the main component for allowing the surfaces of the TV to be water and fingerprint resistant. The substance is physically applied by the hands of human workers. By adding on the substance to the screen, the fumes released in the factories are vacated through vacuums that lets the gas into the atmosphere of the earth. Otherwise, the chemicals may be trapped within the factories during production. The National Institutes of Health evaluated that the symptoms of inhaling nitrogen fluoride affects the “blood, liver, and kidneys” and targets humans and animals such as “dogs, monkeys, and rats” (U.S. National Library of Medicine, 2018). While workers wear a suit and gloves to protect themselves from the fumes in the factories, the concentration of the gas remains toxic to wildlife that breathe on land. Although the process of coating the glass pieces are done in a sealed room to prevent leakage of the scent from the nitrogen trifluoride to the rest of the factory, the outer perimeter of the buildings are not safe to breathe. In The Guardian, a report from Michael Prather, the director of the environment institute at the University of California, Irvine notes that “as a driver of global warming, nitrogen trifluoride is 17,000 times more potent than carbon dioxide” (Sample, 2008). Carbon dioxide is already a major role played in polluting the atmosphere including the carbon emissions of the trucks during the shipment process. The amount of nitrogen trifluoride released is not a widespread issue with the concentration from the substance being contained. However, the growth is noticeable that nitrogen trifluoride is listed as a major “greenhouse gas” reported from Michael Prather in the Four Materials Illustrate Hazards Of Electronics Manufacturing (Gordon, 2017). Additionally, the composition of the air quality depicts a growing accumulation of the gas as the development of monitors of the television continue to flourish. Nitrogen trifluoride is a crucial factor to protecting and prolonging the televisions’ lifespan but contains a cost that endangers humans and animals.

In the creation of the LCD TV, there are waste factors that take place in removing the product after its lifespan. The plastic frame of the television is salvageable such that the product can be melted and reused again. But, metal components and chemicals that are built upon the circuit boards and monitors remain difficult to reattain the materials. In fact, recycling the flat-screen TV is not possible with another material within the components of the circuit boards, which is mercury. Denise Wilson of the WEEE: Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipmentreports that “inhaling mercury can lead to a myriad of behavioral and neurological problems such as insomnia, memory loss, tremors, and cognitive dysfunction” (Wilson, 2016). Even a low concentration of mercury is fatal for humans to take in while attempting to dismantle the television for deconstruction. Since the materials are not replaceable through recycling the LCD TVs, material costs are risen due to the rarity of finding the natural raw materials such as gold, silver, and copper for the circuit boards. Other materials that include indium tin oxide are nonrenewable which also limits the maximum amount of TVs produced. Furthermore, removing the metals from the television has a drawback of releasing toxicity. Wilson adds that dioxins exposed from deconstructing LCD TVs “lead to impairment of the endocrine, immune and reproductive systems as well as alter liver function” (Wilson, 2016). Dioxins are a pollutant to the air that is toxic for humans to inhale. The collective chemicals can be seen through both the production for the screen and the elimination of the product after usage. To prevent the releases of the gases into the air, depleted televisions are brought into specialized recyclers to harvest the remains of the electronics. Despite the efforts of replenishing the components, factories that melt away the components are still in existence to removing the waste. According to the author of Recycle Nation, Sophia Bennett states that “as televisions are run over by crushing equipment in a landfill, or burned in an incinerator, they release those heavy metals that can seriously affect human health” (Bennett, 2014). The physical process of “crushing” the materials is a wasteful method of removing the scarce resources from the circuit boards. Meanwhile, the chemical process of burning the metals secretes carbon and dioxin emissions and leaves solid wastes of mineral compounds. With that in mind, the electronic device must carefully be readjusted to contain friendly environmental substances that are reusable and reduce the harmful symptoms to the atmosphere.

Transporting the product of the LCD TVs also contributes to the pollution of the environment with greenhouse gases after the assembly is finished. In the delivery phase, the televisions are encased in large cardboard boxes and can be shipped to designated locations on land, water, and air. Trucks, ships, and planes all produce carbon dioxide as fuel is burned within the respective engines for the mobile vehicles. For instance, the internal combustion engine for trucks burns diesel fuel to power the pistons while the ships use coal to supply energy to the propulsion engines. Planes have the similar effect with the design of an engine that requires diesel fuel or gas. The modes of transportation mentioned beforehand increase in relations to the rising production of LCD TVs for consumers which results in a higher output of carbon dioxide as well. Thus, the carbon emissions from transporting the television is observed as a factor of damaging the ecosystem from the shipment process of the vehicles.

In essence, acknowledging the existence of the chemical substances released into the atmosphere from the waste and emissions of manufacturing and deconstructing an LCD TV is crucial for an understanding of the environmental impact it has on humans and the wildlife. As the production of televisions continue to develop the flat screen panels that incorporate toxic materials, more waste is produced as a result of the amount of TVs needed for the increase in supply and demand. In fact, electronic devices that focus heavily upon the usage of the chemical substances involves not only televisions but any creations with screens and monitors. Recording the findings of the symptoms from the chemical activities within the factories and the atmosphere allow producers and consumers to identify safer and more reliable resources that reduces the harm to the environment and life on earth. The life cycle of the television remains as an important subject for careful observations of the advancements developed upon electronic devices towards the future.

Larsen, Rasmus. “How a Screen Is Manufactured and Assembled.” How a Screen Is Manufactured & Assembled - FlatpanelsHD, 30 June 2010, www.flatpanelshd.com/focus.php?id=1277885543&subaction=showfull.

Sample, Ian. “Environment: Climate Risk from Flat-Screen TVs.” The Guardian, Guardian News and Media, 2 July 2008, www.theguardian.com/science/2008/jul/03/scienceofclimatechange.climatechange.

Vaseline is a widely distributed product that heals, rejuvenates, and moisturizes dry, cracked skin. It is a semi-solid, with a mixture of hydrocarbons mostly found in petroleum. Advertised to be 100% pure petroleum jelly, Unilever has continued to sit at the top of the skincare market for nearly 135 years.

Compared to the commercial giant it is today, Vaseline had small and humble beginnings. Vaseline, first known as the “Wonder Jelly,” was invented by Robert Augustus Chesebrough. He was intrigued by miners who would apply a byproduct from the oil drilling. This byproduct was unrefined petroleum jelly, also known as rod wax. The workers would apply the rod wax on their burns, and Chesebrough decided to research further into it. He performed many tests of refinery and distillation to help create a safer and better product. Even though Vaseline is a versatile fix-it solution, it is composed of unsustainable and unhealthy materials that are hazardous to the environment around it. Although Unilever is making small steps every year towards more sustainable products, we can see how environmentally destructive Vaseline is through examining its acquisition of raw materials.

Crude oil is the overarching umbrella material that all of the byproduct raw materials are created from. According to oilprice.com, crude oil is first created through the compression and heating of organic materials for many years. The formation of crude oil happens through a process called diagenesis, which melts the organic material and mud together through sediment compression. Crude oil, in terms of content percentage, varies greatly. Refineries will process the crude oil differently depending on its chemical composition and contents. Since the main ingredient, petroleum jelly, consists of varying amounts of both solid and liquid hydrocarbons, there are many methods for refinement.

For the extraction process, miners drill into the oil fields, which is highly detrimental to the environment, as petroleum is the residue from nonrenewable fossil fuels. Unilever’s site claims that their raw material extraction makes up a whopping 29% of the company’s greenhouse gas footprint. They understand that sustainability is important to both their customers and the rest of the community, and have implemented plans to become 100% agriculturally sustainable and renewable sources by 2030. However, Unilever skips over how they intend to transform their Vaseline with this plan, given that Vaseline consists of 100% petroleum jelly – a byproduct from nonrenewable fossil fuel sources.

According to U.S. Energy Information Administration, petroleum production in the U.S. alone (including crude oil, other petroleum liquids, and renewable fuels) is about 13,799,000 barrels per day. Crude oil production alone is about 9,431,000 barrels per day. This is only a small measure on the global scale of crude oil production. I was not able to get any exact numbers from crude oil production, because Unilever conducts its mining, extraction, and distillation in various parts of Africa.

After some processing, crude oil becomes petroleum oil through extraction of liquid hydrocarbons at petrolatum refineries. Vacuum distillation followed by filtration of the residue through bone char will then yield petroleum jelly, the primary ingredient in Vaseline.

Petroleum jelly, our main ingredient, makes up the highest percentage of product within the Vaseline mixture. It is mined in various factories scattered throughout Africa. Vaseline comprises of 6 main ingredients – petroleum jelly, paraffin oil, paraffin wax, lanolin, Vitamin E, and polypropylene for the packaging. Petroleum jelly, paraffin oil, and paraffin wax are all various byproduct forms of crude oil.

Although Chesebrough essentially had a foolproof recipe to start with for the clear and odorless semi-solid, the production and ingredients of Vaseline have changed slightly since its beginnings. The distillation and filtering process have remained relatively the same. Because of this, artificial Vaseline has several more materials than the advertised 100% pure petroleum jelly. The information on their website, as well as their product packaging, synthesize the amount of materials contained within the product. According to Unilever’s website, Vaseline is the only petroleum jelly product with a triple-purification seal. The purification process includes distillation, de-aeration, and filtration. This ensures that the waxy substance is free of air bubbles and as uniform as possible.

In 1870, Vaseline makes its debut as the latest and most innovative product on the American skin-care market. Wanting to learn more about petroleum and its uses, British chemist, Robert Chesebrough travelled to Titusville, Pennsylvania in 1859 where abundant crude oil reserves had been recently discovered. At the site of extraction, Chesebrough noticed how the oilmen would apply residue from the drill to help their cuts to heal. After his conclusion that this cure had validity, Chesebrough patented the production of petroleum jelly in 1870. Being such a long-existing product in the realm of skin care, Vaseline’s use of energy throughout its life cycle warrants better understanding. It is a common misconception to think of energy solely as part of a product’s actual processing and manufacturing, instead of viewing the involvement of energy in the life-cycle of a product from the acquisition of raw materials through its disposal. As the world increasingly needs to become more conscious of energy consumption and sustainability to avoid an impending energy blackout, there is a significance in looking at the energy involved in a product as arbitrary as Vaseline. An awareness of Vaseline’s energy consumption should be noted in particular because it is not a product in which its consumer use involves electricity or some other kind of power source. Throughout its life cycle, the energy involved in all aspects of the production of Vaseline serves to enlighten consumers of the composition of the product and the energy required for the existence of such a widely present and versatile skin-care product.

The primary and most basic raw material that makes up Vaseline is crude oil. Most of Vaseline’s secondary raw materials are derived from crude oil after its processing into separate petroleum byproducts, each having distinct properties. These are petroleum oil, petroleum jelly, paraffin oil, and paraffin wax, Vaseline’s only ingredient which is not originally derived from crude oil is lanolin.

After extraction, the next step toward bringing Vaseline to life is the distillation of crude oil. Distillation is the first step of processing the crude oil undergoes, which creates the petroleum byproducts that are Vaseline’s secondary raw materials. The distillation process of crude oil simply divides the matter into various petroleum byproducts separated by their concentration of hydrocarbons from light to heavy. The distillation column consists of a tall furnace, off of which several pipes extend off from top to bottom. The heated furnace that causes distillation is a source of both chemical and thermal energy. The burning of fossil fuels to heat the furnace is an example of chemical energy, while the energy embodied in the created heat is thermal energy. The products with least hydrocarbons flow into the higher pipes, while products with more hydrocarbons flow into the lower pipes.

The basic manufacture of Vaseline is the result of the combination of the individual ingredients into a melted uniform solution. The factories that produce Vaseline are powered by electricity. Machines that blend the ingredients into the solution that will later become Vaseline are powered by electricity. Electricity is the resultant secondary energy source derived from the burning of fossil fuels. Chemical energy is required to produce the electricity, and the heat provided by the electricity is the result of thermal energy. Unilever Kenya, the primary factory that produces Vaseline among other Unilever skin care products, operates 24 hours a day and 6 days a week. By percentage, the factory’s energy usage is 60% burning of furnace oil, 36% electricity, and 4% liquified petroleum gas; all of these energies are fossil fuels. In 2010 the factory demanded 1.8 mega volt amps of energy to operate. This great amount of energy required for a single factory’s operation is revealing of the tremendous rate at which unsustainable fossil fuels are being used.

Vaseline, originally known as “Wonder Jelly”, is a unique multipurpose ointment that can be used to hydrate lips, soften skin, and protect skin from dryness. This multipurpose ointment gets its unique healing properties from the byproduct of distilled crude oil. Vaseline consists of ingredients that stem from petroleum, which is recovered from drilling deep into the earth. Its main ingredients are white petrolatum, paraffin oil, and paraffin wax. Due to its association with crude oil, Vaseline has become a controversial product in recent years, as consumers have become more aware of global warming and Greenhouse Gas (GHG) emissions. By analyzing all aspects of the life cycle of Vaseline and its production, we can see all the waste and emissions that subsequently come from the petroleum-based product and gain a better understanding on the effects its waste has on the environment.

The production of Vaseline begins with the extraction of petroleum from beneath the ground through the process of drilling, which happens until large pockets of oil are uncovered. The extractions process of raw materials for Vaseline and other products produced by Unilever make up 29% of Unilever’s Greenhouse Gas footprint. How could something like an ointment be the cause of such a high amount of greenhouse gas? Well first the crude oil is pumped out from the ground where the drilling occurred, and then it has to be transported to a site for it to be processed and distilled. The extraction of crude oil has lead to many waste and gas emissions, which contaminate the environment. Some of these toxic chemicals include Uranium, Thorium, Lead, and the most commonly found radioactive material (NORM) waste is Radium (Oil and Gas Waste). The waste that is produced from drilling is not only hazardous to the environment but is also dangerous to human health. The toxins such as Lead- 210 and Radium can cause neurological abnormalities, not to mention bone and lung cancer.

After petroleum is drilled from the earth it goes through multiple processes of distillation to reach the end result of differing substances. Some of these substances are used in cosmetic and other consumer goods. Petroleum must be distilled and purified by a process of "sweating" or solvent refining before being safe for consumers to use (Wax and Vaseline Plant 4). Heating up crude oil at different temperatures will produce varying types of wax-like substances. These processed substances secrete “slop oil sludge emulsion” which is treated by an acid demulsifier that can be made more acidic depending on the type and quality of the waste.

Vaseline is disposed along with the waste of petroleum and other oils because it is primarily composed of white petrolatum. Currently, discharging the waste into waterways beneath the earth, injecting it underground after being treated to reduce its toxicity, and burying it within landfills is how waste companies dispose of oil. Much of the chemical waste produced by crude oil is injected into the earth and discharged into bodies of water. Vaseline is also disposed of by incineration. While some pollutants are airborne and contaminate the atmosphere other wastes get injected into the ground where it gets absorbed into the soil. The contaminated soil reaches into waterways that feed to crops and livestock that are consumed by consumers and animals.

A TV screen is one of the most elaborate and expensive parts of your flat-screen TV, and a crack may seem negligible at first until it forces you to get a new one.

These are small cracks on the screen with a center focal point that spread from the point of impact to the rest of the screen, resembling a spiderweb pattern.

Given the high costs of the display screen on LED, LCD, and plasma TVs, you are better off replacing the TV as the repair cost can almost equal the cost of a new set.

If the shallow hairline crack is on the surface, you can easily clear it; the problem is when the crack has penetrated the internal part of the screen.

Alternatively, if the two methods fail, try using an LCD scratch repair kit; it’s affordable and has all you need to clear minor scratches, including the instructions.

The lines on the screen can result from different causes, including the screen being ruined, power faults, or leaving your TV on over a long duration.

Cracks and scratches on a TV screen can be fixed; however, if the cracks have penetrated the interior part of the screen, then it’s easier to replace the TV than have it fixed.

LCD, LED, and Plasma TV screens are expensive, fragile, and sensitive. So manufacturers, too, don’t like encouraging fixing, even for the top-rated brands.

First, clean the area with a damp cloth, then use a pencil eraser to clear the cracks. Ensure you are gentle, so you don’t cause more harm to the screen.

Get a screen protector. It will save your TV from surface screen scratches, and water damage as most of them are waterproof. It’s also easier to replace the screen protector than the TV screen.

Replacing an entire panel is expensive for all TVs. For some brands, replacing the screen will equal the cost of a new TV set, meaning you are better off buying a new one.

If your TV screen cracks while still within the warranty period, avoid having the TV tampered with even by a repair person, as this will nullify the warranty.

Scan (S displayed) = Scan feature displays a continuous update of distances to various targets across a panoramic area. To use the Scan feature, press the Power Button once, crosshairs will appear on screen. Pan across the target area. Once complete, press the Power Button again and the crosshairs will disappear and the laser will stop scanning.

Lightly lubricate the axles using petroleum jelly, If the problem persists, The buggy may need to be taken to an authorised MGI repair centre for inspection

To check the level of battery life in your remote control connect buggy to power. Press a button on the remote to ensure connection with the buggy. The battery indicator will display remotes battery level on the top of the screen.

Lightly lubricate the axles using petroleum jelly, If the problem persists, The buggy may need to be taken to an authorised MGI repair centre for inspection

Lightly lubricate the axles using petroleum jelly, If the problem persists, The buggy may need to be taken to an authorised MGI repair centre for inspection

Lightly lubricate the axles using petroleum jelly, If the problem persists, the buggy may need to be taken to an authorised MGI repair centre for inspection

Lightly lubricate the axles using petroleum jelly. If the problem persists, the buggy may need to be taken to an authorised MGI repair centre for inspection.