passive matrix lcd display quotation

Alibaba.com features an exciting range of passive matrix lcd that are suitable for all types of residential and commercial requirements. These fascinating passive matrix lcd are of superior quality delivering unmatched viewing experience and are vibrant when it comes to both, picture quality and aesthetic appearances. These products are made with advanced technologies offering clear patterns with long serviceable lives. Buy these incredible passive matrix lcd from leading suppliers and wholesalers on the site for unbelievable prices and massive discounts.

The optimal quality passive matrix lcd on the site are made of sturdy materials that offer higher durability and consistent performance over the years. These top-quality displays are not only durable but are sustainable against all kinds of usages and are eco-friendly products. The passive matrix lcd accessible here are made with customized LED modules for distinct home appliances and commercial appliances, instruments, and have elegant appearances. These wonderful passive matrix lcd are offered in distinct variations and screen-ratio for optimum picture quality.

Alibaba.com has a massive stock of durable and proficient passive matrix lcd at your disposal that are worth every penny. These spectacular passive matrix lcd are available in varied sizes, colors, shapes, screen patterns and models equipped with extraordinary features such as being waterproof, heatproof and much more. These are energy-efficient devices and do not consume loads of electricity. The passive matrix lcd you can procure here are equipped with advanced LED chips, dazzling HD quality, and are fully customizable.

Save money by browsing through the distinct passive matrix lcd ranges at Alibaba.com and get the best quality products delivered. These products are available with after-sales maintenance and are also available as OEM orders. The products are ISO, CE, ROHS, REACH certified.

Passive-matrix is an LCD technology that uses a grid of vertical and horizontal wires to display an image on the screen. Each pixel is controlled by an intersection of two wires in the grid. By altering the electrical charge at a given intersection, the color and brightness of the corresponding pixel can be changed.

While passive-matrix displays are relatively simple and inexpensive to produce, they have a few drawbacks. Since the charge of two wires (both vertical and horizontal) must be altered in order to change a single pixel, the response time of passive-matrix displays is relatively slow. This means fast movement on a passive-matrix display may appear blurry or faded, since the electrical charges cannot keep up with the motion. On some passive-matrix displays, you may experience "ghosting" if you move the cursor quickly across the screen.

Since passive-matrix monitors do not display fast motion well, most modern flat screen displays use active-matrix technology. Instead of managing pixels through intersections of wires, active-matrix displays control each pixel using individual capacitors. This allows pixels to change brightness and color states much more rapidly. While most of today"s computer monitors and flat screen televisions have active-matrix screens, passive-matrix displays are still used in some smaller devices, since they are less expensive to produce.

Since the Company’s inception by a team of enterprising academics at the University of Hong Kong in 1978, Varitronix have grown to become one of the leading manufacturers of Liquid Crystal Displays through years of innovation in research, design, production scalability, and technology advancement.

Through the following years of finding local success, Varitronix envisioned a much larger scale operation for the ever-increasing demand for displays. The trajectory plan eventually led the Company to be officially listed on the Hong Kong Stock Exchange in 1991 (HKSE code: 710), continuing its influence and strong presence to serve customers at the local, national, and global levels.

Nearly half a century later, BOE Varitronix continues its time-honored tradition in providing the one stop shop for the latest display technologies, backed up by solid research and commitment to quality, customized to the individual needs, and delivered economically and efficiently.

Not EXACTLY what you need? We specialize in custom and semi-custom display solutions. Contact us about creating something that fits your exact specifications.

1. Passive Matrix LCD: It uses a grid of vertical and horizontal conductors comprised of Indium Tin Oxide to create an image. Each pixel is controlled by an intersection of two conductors. It represents the off state of LCD i.e the pixel is OFF.

2. Active Matrix LCD: It uses thin-film transistors that are arranged in a matrix on a glass surface. To control the voltage tiny switching transistors and capacitors are used at each pixel location. The active pixel is called so because it has the ability to control the individual pixels and switch them quickly. thin-filmwhich

Difference between Active Matrix LCD and Passive Matrix LCD:Active Matrix LCDPassive Matrix LCDIt uses thin film transistors that are arranged in a matrix on a glass surface. To control the voltage tiny switching transistors and capacitors are used at each pixel location.It uses grid of vertical and horizontal conductors such that the intersection of two of those conductors allows for controlling a single pixel.

Active matrix LCDs are used in full-color LCD TVs monitors, cell phones etc.They are used in calculators display or a digital wrist watches where the display contains a limited number of segment and does not require full color. They are often created for custom applications.

On an elaborative note, passive and active displays also have several types which run down their very own category. For example, passive LCDs may be of the following types:Monochrome TN (Twisted Nematic) – here the liquid crystal cells do not require any current to flow past them and automatically work with lower voltages provided by the batteries.

An AMLCD) is a type of flat-panel display, the only viable technology for high-resolution TVs, computer monitors, notebook computers, tablet computers and smartphones with an LCD screen, due to low weight, very good image quality, wide color gamut and response time.

The concept of active-matrix LCDs was proposed by Bernard J. Lechner at the RCA Laboratories in 1968.thin-film transistors was made by T. Peter Brody, Fang-Chen Luo and their team at Westinghouse Electric Corporation in 1972.

The most common type of AMLCD contains, besides the polarizing sheets and cells of liquid crystal, a matrix of thin-film transistors to make a thin-film-transistor liquid-crystal display.pixel on the display while all the other pixels are being updated. This method provides a much brighter, sharper display than a passive matrix of the same size. An important specification for these displays is their viewing-angle.

Thin-film transistors are usually used for constructing an active matrix so that the two terms are often interchanged, even though a thin-film transistor is just one component in an active matrix and some active-matrix designs have used other components such as diodes. Whereas a passive matrix display uses a simple conductive grid to apply a voltage to the liquid crystals in the target area, an active-matrix display uses a grid of transistors and capacitors with the ability to hold a charge for a limited period of time. Because of the switching action of transistors, only the desired pixel receives a charge, and the pixel acts as a capacitor to hold the charge until the next refresh cycle, improving image quality over a passive matrix. This is a special version of a sample-and-hold circuit.

Brody, T. P.; Fang Chen Luo; Szepesi, Z. P.; Davies, D. H. (1975). "A 6 x 6-in 20-lpi electroluminescent display panel". IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices. 22 (9): 739. doi:10.1109/T-ED.1975.18214. S2CID 1378753.

"History of TFT LCD". Archived from the original on 2013-08-23. Retrieved 2011-02-22. There are many kinds of AMLCD. For their integrated switching devices most use transistors made of deposited thin films, which are therefore called thin-film transistors (TFTs).

M. Annese, S. Bertaiola, G. Croce, A. Milani, R. Roggero, P. Galbiati, and C. Costiero, "0.18 μm BCD-High Voltage Gate (HVG) Process to address Advanced Display Drivers Roadmap,” Proceedings of Power Semiconductor Devices and ICs, pp. 363–366, 2005.

J.W. Doane, D.K. Yang, and Z. Yaniv, “Front-Lit Flat Panel Display from Polymer Stabilized Cholesteric Textures,” Proceedings of 12th International Display Research Conference, pp. 73–76, 1992.

H. Kristiansen and J. Liu, “Overview of Conductive Adhesive Technologies for Display Applications,” Conductive Adhesives for Electronics Packaging, J. Liu (editor), Electrochemical Publications, pp. 376–399, 1999.

T.N. Ruckmongathan and A.R. Shashidhara, “Sparse Orthogonal Matrices for Scanning Liquid Crystal Displays,” Journal of Display Technology, Vol. 1, No. 2, 2005.

P. Savolainen, “Display Driver Packaging: ACF Reaching the Limits?,” Proceedings of 9th International Symposium on Advanced Packaging Materials, pp. 7–10, 2004.

F. Su and W.-H. Ki, “Component-Efficient Multiphase Switched-Capacitor DCDC Converter with Configurable Conversion Ratios for LCD Driver Applications,” IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems - Part II, Vol. 55, No. 8, pp. 753–757, 2008.

K. Toyosawa, N. Nakamura, K. Fukuta, and Y. Chikawa, “COF (Chip-On-Film) Technology for LCD Driver ICs Using Reel-to-Reel System,” Sharp Technical Journal, No. 3, 2001. (http://sharp-world.com/corporate/info/rd/index.html).

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T.R. Ying, W.H. Ki, and M. Chan, “Area-Efficient CMOS Charge Pumps for LCD Drivers,” IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits, Vol. 38, No. 10, pp. 1721–1725, 2003.

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Liquid Crystal Pixels are transmission type pixels with a backlight, meaning that they are not emitting their own light. While there are many types of liquid crystal materials such as smectics, nematics and cholesterics, twisted nematic (TN) display mode is the most advanced and popular. A TN pixel cell consists of two glass substrates coated on their inner surfaces with transparent electrodes and separated by several millimeters from each other. A nematic liquid crystal material fills the space between the two substrates and two polarizers are attached on both sides of the pixel with their polarization axis crossed. The polarizer is a three-layer composite film with a stretched iodine doped polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) polarizing film in the center and two outer films for protecting the PVA film from the ambient. Since the two substrates, each having alignment layer, are oriented with their alignments perpendicular to each other, liquid molecule is twisted initially. In the voltage-off state, the polarizers are oriented perpendicular and the incoming light from a back light source, whose polarity is twisted by the liquid crystal, is transmitted through the output polarizer. When a voltage is applied to the electrodes, the director of the molecules tends to orient themselves parallel to the applied field, since liquid crystal materials have positive dielectric anisotropy. In this situation, the polarization of the light transmitted through liquid crystal is crossed to the output polarizer resulting in the cut off of the light and thus creating a black state for the display pixel. This operation is called normally white mode, while normally black mode can be achieved by changing the polarizers to a parallel orientation. Figure 10 shows the configuration a TN pixel cell in a normally white mode.

The transmission (luminance) versus the applied voltage characteristic is shown in Fig. 11. The shown characteristic is for normal viewing angle and indicates that grayscale levels can be achieved by varying the voltage across the LCD. Unfortunately, the transmission – voltage curve is viewing angle dependent, leading to grayscale errors and color shift in a display when it is viewed from significant angles to the display normal.

The equivalent circuit with the parasitic elements of a pixel cell and a typical TFT-LCD pixel layout are shown in fig. 12. The pixel consists of a switch TFT device, with the gate electrode connected to the row driver lines and the source electrode connected to the column driver lines. Furthermore, a storage capacitor is connected in parallel to the LC pixel capacitance.

The aperture part is the light transparent part and it is designated for the placement of the liquid crystal while the TFT, voltage lines and storage capacitor areas are non-light transparent. The ratio between the transparent portion of a pixel and its surrounding electronics is called aperture ratio or fill factor. Furthermore, in the shown layout design, the storage capacitor is connected to an adjacent row line resulting in the maximization of the aperture ration but the load capacitance of the row lines is, also, increased. The counter electrode of the LC pixel capacitor is the common ITO electrode on the opposite substrate (Den Boer, 2005). For large displays, this configuration is difficult to be used due to the large RC delay time of the row lines. In order to overcome this problem, a common storage bus can be placed in the aperture area which reduces the load capacitance of the row lines, but also reduces the aperture ration of the pixel.

The crosstalk effect is caused due to the column-line video-signal coupling during one frame and a DC component is being added to the AC data voltage. The DC component can not be entirely eliminated for all gray across the entire pixels matrix, resulting to slight difference in the pixel transmittance between the odd and even frames. A solution to this problem is the polarity inversion method. Apart from elimination of the DC component, the influence of the flicker on the display image quality is also eliminated with the use of a polarity inversion method. Four different polarity inversion methods have been widely used. Figure 13 shows the configuration of the four polarity inversion methods. The type of the polarity inversion method has an impact on the power consumption of the display. In the frame inversion method, all the pixels are driven to + Vp polarity in one frame period and then all of them are driven to – Vp polarity during the next frame period. This method is the most power-efficient method. However, this method is sensitive to the flicker and to vertical and horizontal crosstalk, meaning that this method can not be used in high image quality displays.

A full color LCD display can be generated by incorporating red, green and blue color filters at the pixels. In order to produce the desirable color tone, the pixel is divided into three sub-pixels each one having red, green and blue color filter, respectively. The three sub-pixels have the same dimensions and the proper combination of each color tone; by applying the right voltages to the liquid crystals, the desired pixel emissive colour will be produced. The width of each sub-pixel is three times smaller than the sub-pixel length and when the three sub-pixels are very closely placed in parallel, a square full color pixel is produced. Figure 14 shows a full colour square pixel.

LCD connected to this controller will adjust itself to the memory map of this DDRAM controller; each location on the LCD will take 1 DDRAM address on the controller. Because we use 2 × 16 type LCD, the first line of the LCD will take the location of the 00H-0FH addresses and the second line will take the 40H-4FH addresses of the controller DDRAM; so neither the addresses of the 10H-27H on the first line or the addresses of the 50H-67H on the second line on DDRAM is used.

To be able to display a character on the first line of the LCD, we must provide written instructions (80h + DDRAM address where our character is to be displayed on the first line) in the Instruction Register-IR and then followed by writing the ASCII code of the character or address of the character stored on the CGROM or CGRAM on the LCD controller data register, as well as to display characters in the second row we must provide written instructions (C0H + DDRAM address where our character to be displayed on the second line) in the Instructions Register-IR and then followed by writing the ASCII code or address of the character on CGROM or CGRAM on the LCD controller data register.

As mentioned above, to display a character (ASCII) you want to show on the LCD, you need to send the ASCII code to the LCD controller data register-DR. For characters from CGROM and CGRAM we only need to send the address of the character where the character is stored; unlike the character of the ASCII code, we must write the ASCII code of the character we want to display on the LCD controller data register to display it. For special characters stored on CGRAM, one must first save the special character at the CGRAM address (prepared 64 addresses, namely addresses 0–63); A special character with a size of 5 × 8 (5 columns × 8 lines) requires eight consecutive addresses to store it, so the total special characters that can be saved or stored on the CGRAM addresses are only eight (8) characters. To be able to save a special character at the first CGRAM address we must send or write 40H instruction to the Instruction Register-IR followed by writing eight consecutive bytes of the data in the Data Register-DR to save the pattern/image of a special character that you want to display on the LCD [9, 10].

We can easily connect this LCD module (LCD + controller) with MCS51, and we do not need any additional electronic equipment as the interface between MCS51 and it; This is because this LCD works with the TTL logic level voltage—Transistor-Transistor Logic.

The voltage source of this display is +5 V connected to Pin 2 (VCC) and GND power supply connected to Pin 1 (VSS) and Pin 16 (GND); Pin 1 (VSS) and Pin 16 (GND) are combined together and connected to the GND of the power supply.

Pins 7–14 (8 Pins) of the display function as a channel to transmit either data or instruction with a channel width of 1 byte (D0-D7) between the display and MCS51. In Figure 6, it can be seen that each Pin connected to the data bus (D0-D7) of MCS51 in this case P0 (80h); P0.0-P0.7 MCS-51 connected to D0-D7 of the LCD.

Pins 4–6 are used to control the performance of the display. Pin 4 (Register Select-RS) is in charge of selecting one of the 2 display registers. If RS is given logic 0 then the selected register is the Instruction Register-IR, otherwise, if RS is given logic 1 then the selected register is the Data Register-DR. The implication of this selection is the meaning of the signal sent down through the data bus (D0-D7), if RS = 0, then the signal sent from the MCS-51 to the LCD is an instruction; usually used to configure the LCD, otherwise if RS = 1 then the data sent from the MCS-51 to the LCD (D0-D7) is the data (object or character) you want to display on the LCD. From Figure 6 Pin 4 (RS) is connected to Pin 16 (P3.6/W¯) of MCS-51 with the address (B6H).

Pin 5 (R/W¯)) of the LCD does not appear in Figure 6 is used for read/write operations. If Pin 5 is given logic 1, the operation is a read operation; reading the data from the LCD. Data will be copied from the LCD data register to MCS-51 via the data bus (D0-D7), namely Pins 7–14 of the LCD. Conversely, if Pin 5 is given a voltage with logical 0 then the operation is a write operation; the signal will be sent from the MCS51 to LCD through the LCD Pins (Pins 7–14); The signal sent can be in the form of data or instructions depending on the logic level input to the Register Select-RS Pin, as described above before if RS = 0 then the signal sent is an instruction, vice versa if the RS = 1 then the signal sent/written is the data you want to display. Usually, Pin 5 of the LCD is connected with the power supply GND, because we will never read data from the LCD data register, but only send instructions for the LCD work configuration or the data you want to display on the LCD.

Pin 6 of the LCD (EN¯) is a Pin used to enable the LCD. The LCD will be enabled with the entry of changes in the signal level from high (1) to low (0) on Pin 6. If Pin 6 gets the voltage of logic level either 1 or 0 then the LCD will be disabled; it will only be enabled when there is a change of the voltage level in Pin 6 from high logic level to low logic level for more than 1000 microseconds (1 millisecond), and we can send either instruction or data to processed during that enable time of Pin 6.

Pin 3 and Pin 15 are used to regulate the brightness of the BPL (Back Plane Light). As mentioned above before the LCD operates on the principle of continuing or inhibiting the light passing through it; instead of producing light by itself. The light source comes from LED behind this LCD called BPL. Light brightness from BPL can be set by using a potentiometer or a trimpot. From Figure 6 Pin 3 (VEE) is used to regulate the brightness of BPL (by changing the current that enters BPL by using a potentiometers/a trimpot). While Pin 15 (BPL) is a Pin used for the sink of BPL LED.

4RSRegister selector on the LCD, if RS = 0 then the selected register is an instruction register (the operation to be performed is a write operation/LCD configuration if Pin 5 (R/W¯) is given a logic 0), if RS = 1 then the selected register is a data register; if (R/W¯) = 0 then the operation performed is a data write operation to the LCD, otherwise if (R/W¯) = 1 then the operation performed is a read operation (data will be sent from the LCD to μC (microcontroller); it is usually used to read the busy bit/Busy Flag- BF of the LCD (bit 7/D7).

5(R/W¯)Sets the operating mode, logic 1 for reading operations and logic 0 for write operations, the information read from the LCD to μC is data, while information written to the LCD from μC can be data to be displayed or instructions used to configure the LCD. Usually, this Pin is connected to the GND of the power supply because we will never read data from the LCD but only write instructions to configure it or write data to the LCD register to be displayed.

6Enable¯The LCD is not active when Enable Pin is either 1 or 0 logic. The LCD will be active if there is a change from logic 1 to logic 0; information can be read or written at the time the change occurs.

In-plane switching is a type of active-matrix technology that is commonly used in LCD displays and devices. Up until the 1990s, passive-matrix was the de-facto standard in the consumer electronics industry. While some smaller, portable devices still use passive-matrix technology, the vast majority of modern-day devices, including televisions, laptops and tablets, now use active-matrix technology. Active-matrix differs from passive-matrix in the sense that each and every pixel within the display can be controlled, opening the doors to a whole new world of application possibilities.

IPS a form of active-matrix technology that aligns the liquid crystals within the device so they are parallel to the glass substrates. Typically, it achieves this goal by applying an electrical charge through opposite electrodes on the glass substrate, which in turn allows the liquid crystals to be switched on the same plane.

In order for IPS switching to work, however, there must be two separate transistors for each pixel instead of just one. For thin-film transistor (TFF) displays, only a single transistor is needed. With the introduction of IPS, however, LCD displays and touchscreen devices using IPS technology must have two transistors for each pixel; otherwise, it won’t function properly.

You might be surprised to learn that LG is responsible for pioneering IPS technology. In-place switching is a relatively new form of LCD active-matrix technology that was first introduced by LG back in 2009. Before the introduction of IPS technology, the use of multiple transistors caused transmission areas to be blocked; therefore, brighter backlights were needed, subsequently drawing more power. IPS, however, fixed this issue.

Alibaba.com features an exciting range of passive matrix lcd that are suitable for all types of residential and commercial requirements. These fascinating passive matrix lcd are of superior quality delivering unmatched viewing experience and are vibrant when it comes to both, picture quality and aesthetic appearances. These products are made with advanced technologies offering clear patterns with long serviceable lives. Buy these incredible passive matrix lcd from leading suppliers and wholesalers on the site for unbelievable prices and massive discounts.

The optimal quality passive matrix lcd on the site are made of sturdy materials that offer higher durability and consistent performance over the years. These top-quality displays are not only durable but are sustainable against all kinds of usages and are eco-friendly products. The passive matrix lcd accessible here are made with customized LED modules for distinct home appliances and commercial appliances, instruments, and have elegant appearances. These wonderful passive matrix lcd are offered in distinct variations and screen-ratio for optimum picture quality.

Alibaba.com has a massive stock of durable and proficient passive matrix lcd at your disposal that are worth every penny. These spectacular passive matrix lcd are available in varied sizes, colors, shapes, screen patterns and models equipped with extraordinary features such as being waterproof, heatproof and much more. These are energy-efficient devices and do not consume loads of electricity. The passive matrix lcd you can procure here are equipped with advanced LED chips, dazzling HD quality, and are fully customizable.

Save money by browsing through the distinct passive matrix lcd ranges at Alibaba.com and get the best quality products delivered. These products are available with after-sales maintenance and are also available as OEM orders. The products are ISO, CE, ROHS, REACH certified.

The range of products offered is wide: Character OLED modules, Graphic OLED modules, TFT LCM display modules, Monochrome Character LCD modules, Graphic LCM display modules products. Products are designed for small and medium sizes and covered in industrial and professional applications.

TFT is an acronym for Thin Film Transistor, and it is a technology used in Liquid Crystal Display screens. It came about as an improvement to passive-matrix LCDs because it introduced a tiny, separate transistor for each pixel. The result? Such displays could keep up with quick-moving images, which passive-matrix LCDs could not do.

The technology improved on the TN (Twisted Nematic) LCD monitor because the shifting pattern of the parallel, horizontal liquid crystals gives wide viewing angles. Therefore, IPS delivers color accuracy and consistency when viewed at different angles.

Both TFT and IPS monitors are active-matrix displays and utilize liquid crystals to paint the images. Technically, the two are intertwined because IPS is a type of TFT LCD. IPS is an improvement of the old TFT model (Twisted Nematic) and was a product of Hitachi displays, which introduced the technology in 1990.

Impressive Display Effect: TFT displays use flat glass plates that create an effect of flat right angles. Combine this with the ability of LCDs to achieve high resolutions on small screen types, and you get a refreshing display quality.

Good Environmental Protection: The raw materials used to make TFT displays produce zero radiation and scintillation. Thus, the technology does not harm the user or the environment.

Liquid Crystal Display (LCD) is a front panel display that utilizes liquid crystals held between two layers of polarized glass to adjust the amount of blocked light. The technology does not produce light on its own, so it needs fluorescent lamps or white LEDs.

As explained earlier, TFT improved on the passive-matrix LCD design because it introduces a thin film transistor for each pixel. The technology reducescrosstalkbetween the pixels because each one is independent and does not affect the adjacent pixels.

LED screens are like the new kids on the block in the display market, and they operate very differently from LCDs. Instead of blocking light, LEDs emit light and are thinner, provide a faster response rate, and are more energy-efficient.

Since IPS is a type of TFT, when comparing the two, we are essentially looking at the old Thin-Film Transistor technology (Twisted Nematic) vs. the new (IPS). Even though TN is relatively old, this digital display type has its advantages, a vital one being the fast refresh rate. This feature makes such screens the preferred option by competitive gamers. If you have any inquiries about the technology,contact usfor more information.

A liquid crystal display structure in which switching transistors or diodes are attached to each pixel to control the on/off voltage. It produces a brighter and sharper display with a broader viewing angle than a passive matrix display. Also known as AMLCD (active matrix liquid crystal display). See TFT (thin film transistor).

A type of flat panel display in which each pixel has it"s own transistor `switch" rather than being activated by it"s address within a matrix of rows and columns. This direct switching radically improves response times enabling full-motion video to be shown without blurring.

The most common type of LCD (Liquid Crystal Display) used in the majority of laptops and most LCD panels and projectors. A typical active matrix TFT display is a single panel of LCD glass that modulates all three primary colors. Most of these offer contrast ratios up to 100:1 for good color dynamics, and just enough speed to handle video and 30fps multimedia with little or barely distinguishable hesitation (jerkiness).

LCD monitors with an analog interface can accept an analog video signal using standard RGB connectors for personal computers, in the same way as a CRT monitor. The analog signal is then converted into the digital signal used for display on a LCD panel. LCD monitors with only a digital interface require a dedicated graphics adapter and connectors, which come in varied formats.

(American National Standard for Human Factors Engineering of Visual Display Terminal Workstations). Organization that produces publications concerning the ergonomics of monitors.

A treated glass panel that is placed over a monitor screen to reduce glare from light sources. Non-glare CRTs often use a coating baked onto the screen at the time of manufacture, which provides a significant reduction in glare; however, LCD screens may completely eliminate it.

A special one-touch Auto Adjust button allows users to quickly set the display panel to match their preferences and provides users with excellent front-of-screen performance and minimal set up.

The light source for a transmissive LCD. Basically, two techniques are used in transmissive LCD designs, direct lighting and side lighting. Direct-lit backlights use CCFTs (cold cathode fluorescent tubes) and a diffuser panel directly in back of the LC (liquid crystal) layer. Side-lit backlights use CCFTs and a light pipe on one or more of the edges of the display.

A technique used to make flat-panel displays easier to read in low ambient light conditions. The most commonly used types of backlighting are LED, EL (electro luminescent) or CCFL (Cold Cathode Fluorescent).

A metal or plastic frame which fits over the LCD glass to protect the edges of the glass. The bezel acts as a pressure device, compressing the elastomer connector between the LCD glass and PCB.

A technique where the alignment layer on the LCD substrate is rubbed in one or more directions. This process aligns the liquid crystal molecules parallel to the buffing direction. See alignment layer.

These are the fluorescent tubes that provide the light for the LCD unit. These tubes are generally very thin, approximately 2 mm in diameter. See fluorescent lamp.

The LCD driver is formatted into an area on the PCB. Electrical connections are made by micro diameter gold wires. The entire area is then covered with epoxy.

In LCD graphic modules, a type of fluorescent backlighting or edge lighting. One or more fluorescent lamps behind the LCD panel that provides the light that is either blocked (black) or passed (white) by the LCD cell. Used in medium to large size graphic LCD modules.

The necessary adjustment of colors that causes the colors on the monitor to match the ones produced by the printer. Without adequate calibration, the printed page may not accurately reproduce what is displayed on the computer screen.

Color depth is determined by the number of bits used to produce color in each pixel on a monitor display. The more bits used, the greater the number of colors that can be displayed, provided that a graphics card and monitor have the capability to display them. Common bit ranges are 8-bit color (256 colors), 16-bit color (thousands of colors), and 24-bit color (millions of colors). Most monitors in use today can display at least 16-bit color, and new monitors can usually handle 24-bit color.

Color matching refers to the process of accurate duplication of colors between the display and either input (like a VGA card) or output (like a printer). An LCD display with color matching stores color-related parameters in special memory called EEPROM, and uses this data for optimization, providing benefits such as WYSIWYG printing and faithful representation of Web graphics.

The difference in luminance between a white square centered on the screen and the black surrounding area. A method of measuring the dynamic range. A contrast ratio of 15:1 (passive matrix LCDs), offers washed out colors, little detail and image that can barely survive with significant ambient light. Projectors with active matrix TFTs have ratios to 100:1, DLPs from 125:1 and Poly-Si Liquid Crystal Displays 200:2.By comparison, transparency film (i.e. 35mm slides) have contrast ratios over 500:1.

CSTN is an abbreviation of Color Super-Twist Nematic, a Liquid Crystal Display technology to produce full-color.Unlike TFT, CSTN is based on a passive matrix, which is less expensive to produce.The original CSTN displays developed in the early 1990"s suffered from slow response times and ghosting. Recent advances in the technology, however, have made CSTN a viable alternative to active matrix displays.New CSTN displays offer 100ms response times, a 140 degree viewing angle and high quality color rivaling TFT displays.A newer passive-matrix technology called High Performance Addressing (HPA) offers even better response times and contrast than CSTN.

A row or block of dots, used to indicate the location of the next character or symbol to be entered. Used in dot matrix character and graphic LCD modules.

Short for Display Data Channel, a VESA standard for communication between a monitor and a video adapter. Using DDC, a monitor can inform the video card about its properties, such as maximum resolution and color depth. The video card can then use this information to ensure that the user is presented with valid options for configuring the display.

Display Data Channel 1. A uni-directional data channel from the display to the host, continuously transmitting Extended Display Indentification, EDID information.

Display Data Channel 2. A bi-directional data channel based on the 12C protocol. The host can request EDID or VDIF information over the DDC2 channel. In addition to this, the DDc2 channel can act as a transparent channel for ACCESS.bus communication.

A digital value which given as input to a display system produces a luminance. The set of DDLs of a display system is all the possible discrete values that can produce luminance values on the display system. The mapping of DDLs to luminance values for a display system produces the characteristic curve of that display system. The actual output for a given DDL is specific to the display system and is not corrected for the grayscale standard display function.

Specific frequencies at which the monitor (and/or computer) can display text or graphical information. Most monitors today support several frequencies. This is called multifrequency or multi-scanning, and it ensures that the monitor will perform with a variety of computers and applications.

TFT LCD panels support either 6-bit or 8-bit RGB color output, allowing them to display 262K or 16.7M distinct colors, respectively. Using so-called dithering techniques, an analog-to-digital signal processor can simulate 8-bit RGB color output on an LCD panel that actually supports only 6-bit color.

The smallest active element that forms all text and graphics on the LCD screen. Typically a rectangular active element, when combined together in a matrix, forms a character or symbol.

A passive matrix LCD (Liquid Crystal Display) technology that uses an extra compensating layer to provide a sharper image, sometimes called F-STN or Film Compensated Supertwist.

An enhanced STN passive matrix LCD (Liquid Crystal Display). The screen is divided into halves and each half is scanned simultaneously, thereby doubling the number of lines refreshed per second and providing a sharper appearance. DSTN is widely used on laptops and Point of Sale Terminals.

Newer version of the original passive matrix technology, where the screen is controlled by two processing systems. They are faster than "single scan" displays, but still slower than most TFTs. Dual Scan Passive Matrix displays are most useful where response speed is not critical.

A type of passive matrix LCD (Liquid Crystal Display) that provides faster refresh rates than conventional passive matrix displays by dividing the screen into two sections that are refreshed simultaneously.Dual scan displays are generally not as sharp or bright as active matrix displays, but they consume less power.

A technology used to produce a very thin display screen, called a flat panel display, used in some portable equipment. An ELD works by sandwiching a thin film of phosphorescent substance between two plates. One plate is coated with vertical wires and the other with horizontal wires, forming a grid.When an electrical current is passed through a horizontal and vertical wire, the phosphorescent film at the intersection glows, creating a point of light or pixel.EL Displays, being an emissive technology (rather than shuttering a light source as per LCDs) are most useful in applications where high visibility in all light conditions is essential.

A strip of silicone rubber made up of sequentially spaced conductive and non-conductive material. This is the most common connection method for LCD modules.

A phenomenon which occurs when excess DC voltage is applied to an LCD. Conductive particles from one piece of glass are transferred through the LC fluid and deposited on the conductive surface of the opposite piece of glass. A conductive spike is created thus causing a dead short.

A space left between the epoxy seals, after assembly on one end of the LCD glass. This space is used to fill the glass with the LC fluid, which is noted by a mound of epoxy on one end of the glass.

A very thin display screen used in portable computers. Nearly all modern flat panel displays use LCD (Liquid Crystal Display) technologies.Most LCD screens are backlit to make them easier to read in bright environments. Another example of a flat panel display is the gas plasma display screen.

A phenomenon occurring when voltage from an energized element leaks to an adjacent OFF element and turns the adjacent element partially ON. Also, the temporary trail left by a moving object on a "slow" LCD panel

Used exclusively on negative image graphic displays (transmissive negative). With EL or cold cathode backlight where the background is energized and the information to be displayed remains static or the same color as the polarizer in the OFF state. This is achieved by inverting the signal of the data lines before going to the LCD module.

A technique of improving the viewing angle of an LCD where the liquid crystal molecules are switched in the plane of the LCD layer rather than vertical to it.

When the fluid heats up or cools down to the point where the fluid is no longer in the twisted nematic state. The molecules can no longer twist light and, therefore, all incoming light is absorbed. In positive image displays, the viewing area turns completely dark. The display will revert back to the twisted nematic state when cooled below the isotropic temperature.

LCD, an abbreviation of Liquid Crystal Display, is a type of display used in digital watches and many portable devices. LCD displays utilize two sheets of polarizing material with a liquid crystal solution between them. An electric current passed through the liquid causes the crystals to align so that light cannot pass through them. Each crystal, therefore, is like a shutter, either allowing light to pass through or blocking the light.Monochrome LCD images usually appear as blue or dark gray images on top of a grayish-white background. Color Liquid Crystal Displays use two basic techniques for producing color. Passive matrix is the less expensive of the two technologies.The other technology, called thin film transistor (TFT) or active matrix produces color images that are as sharp as traditional CRT displays, but the technology is relatively expensive.Recent passive matrix displays using new CSTN and DSTN technologies produce sharp colors rivaling active matrix displays.Most Liquid Crystal Display screens used in notebook computers are backlit to make them easier to read.

A monitor that uses LCD (Liquid Crystal Display) technologies rather than the conventional CRT technologies used by most desktop monitors.Until recently, LCD panels were used exclusively in notebook computers (laptops) and other portable devices. In 1997, however, several manufacturers began offering full-size Liquid Crystal Display Monitors as alternatives to CRT monitors.The main advantage of LCD displays is that they take up less desk space and are lighter. Currently, however, they are also much more expensive

LCD (Liquid Crystal Display) is the technology used for displays in notebook, smaller computers, portable devices including Mobile Telecoms (Telecommunication) pagers, phones, PDAs, EPOS and other instrumentation monitors. Like light-emitting diode and gas-plasma technologies, LCDs allow displays to be much thinner than cathode ray tube (CRT) technology. Liquid crystal Displays consume much less power than LED and gas displays because they work on the principle of shuttering light rather than emitting it.LCD fluids are selectable for individual display projects, with TN the original technology and HTN, STN and F-STN being developments. Liquid crystal displays are the most popular display medium for applications large and small.An LCD is made with either a passive matrix or an active matrix display grid. The active matrix LCD is also known as a thin film transistor (TFT) display. The passive matrix LCD has a grid of conductors with pixels located at each intersection in the grid. A current is sent across two conductors on the grid to control the light for any pixel. An active matrix has a transistor located at each pixel intersection, requiring less current to control the luminance of a pixel. For this reason, the current in an active matrix display can be switched on and off more frequently, improving the screen refresh time (your mouse will appear to move more smoothly across the screen, for example).A typical liquid crystal display will incorporate the LCD fluid (either TN, STN, HTN or F-STN) in a glass envelope with ITO coatings to the internal glass surfaces. The basic liquid crystal display, either statically driven or multiplexed, is frequently incorporated onto a PCB (Printed Circuit Board) with the LCD display driver hardware and often backlighting, LED EL, or CCFL.Liquid crystal displays do not suffer degradation over time, the LCD fluids always return to their normal state when a voltage is not applied. Temperature does affect liquid crystal displays however, with extreme low temperature causing the LCD to respond very slowly. The required bias voltage across the liquid crystal display also alters with ambient temperature.Some passive matrix liquid crystal displays have dual scanning, meaning that they scan the grid twice with current in the same time that it took for one scan in the original technology. However, active matrix is still a superior technology.Temperature does affect liquid crystal displays, however with extreme low temperature causing the LCD to respond very slowly. The required bias voltage across the liquid crystal display also alters with ambient temperature

Also called a projection panel, it is a data projector that accepts computer output and displays it on a transmissive liquid crystal screen that is placed on top of an overhead projector.Liquid crystal display systems are also available with their own light source. Such units generally provide the best quality, because the light and lenses are fine tuned to the built-in LCD screen.

A form of backlighting for small to medium size LCDs that use surface mount LEDs on a substrate with a light diffuser over the top. In some cases LEDs are placed at each end of the module and light is directed into the center.

The compound found in liquid crystal displays. Liquid crystal reacts predictably when electrically stimulated. This makes it the ideal compound to turn LCD pixels "on" or "off." Liquid crystal is sometimes abbreviated as LC.

(Low Voltage Differential Signalling) A transmission method for sending digital information to a flat panel display. LVDS has been widely used in laptops because it enables fewer wires to be used between the motherboard and the panel. The technology is also used between the image scaler and the panel in many stand-alone flat panel displays.

For LCD Monitors designed in compliance with VESA Standard Physical Mounting Interface Standard (FPMPM), users may choose mounting solutions from professional arm manufacturers.

Unlike traditional CRTs that can display multiple resolutions, LCD displays are manufactured to best display a single resolution, known as the native resolution. While it may be possible to change the resolution of an LCD (depending on the video card and software used with the LCD), setting the resolution to something other than the native resolution will result in a stretched image, a blurry image, or no image on the screen at all. This is typically expressed as the number of pixels in a line by the number of lines, e.g. 1024x768. The native resolution may also be expressed in megapixels, which is calculated by multiplying pixels per line by total lines.

A twisted nematic LCD design where the backlight is blocked when pixels are in the unselected state. Therefore, when no voltage is applied, the screen is black.

A twisted nematic LCD design where light is transmitted when pixels are in the unselected state. Therefore, when no voltage is applied, the screen is white.

(On-Screen Display) An on-screen control panel for adjusting monitors and TVs. The OSD is used for contrast, brightness, horizontal and vertical positioning and other monitor adjustments.

The predecessor to today"s projectors, (some are still available) they a thin (under 2") devices typically 10 x 14 inches. All panels are of the LCD variety. They lack their own light source, and instead, sit on top of a overhead projector (OHP). Although panels are light (5-8LB.), even on specially designed, extremely bright, overhead projectors, they produce dim images useable only in darkened rooms on small screens.

A common type of flat panel display consisting of a grid of horizontal and vertical wires. At the intersection of each grid is an LCD (Liquid Crystal Display) element which constitutes a single pixel, either letting light through or blocking it.A higher quality and more expensive type of display, called an active matrix display, uses a transistor to control each pixel. In the mid 1990"s, it appeared that passive matrix displays would eventually become extinct due to the higher quality of active matrix displays. However, the high cost of producing active matrix displays and new technologies such as DSTN, CSTN and HPA that improve passive matrix displays, have caused passive matrix displays to make a surprising comeback.

The original LCDs, these are controlled by a single processing system, for the whole screen, unlike active and poly-si, which have descrete circuits for each "pixel." This results in a panel with terrible color dynamics and contrast (typically 15:1). They are also incredibly slow: On passive laptop computers, the cursor (or anything else) moving on the screen, goes invisible until you stop moving it (submarining) Only one or two projectors use any type of passive matrix display.

Picture element (see Dot/Pixel). Pixels are tiny picture elements comprised of three subpixels (one red, one green, and one blue.) Although a single pixel displays one color, collectively those pixels create a complete image recognizable by the human eye. A single LCD consists of thousands, even millions of pixels.

A pixel anomaly is a pixel that displays only one color (white, black, red, green, or blue.) These are commonly referred to as "stuck" or "void" pixels. If a pixel on an LCD appears to be stuck on one color, it will sometimes come back to life by gently massaging the pixel and the area surrounding it in a circular pattern. (For obvious reasons, pixel massage will not work on a CRT.) A small number of pixel anomalies are considered normal, or at least inevitable, on LCDs. The number of pixel anomalies it takes for a display to be considered defective varies by hardware manufacturer.

A light filter which only allows light waves of a certain rotation through. Polarized material with perpendicular filtering is used in LCDs to enclose the liquid crystal. The liquid crystal is then used as the medium which twists the light waves 90� in order to allow the light to pass through or not.

Are made of a polymer acetate with iodide molecules incorporated in the material. The molecules are arranged to only allow scattered light to enter in one plane/axis. Twisted nematic LCDs require two polarizers, one on the front and one on the back.

The "hot" LCD technology for the top of the line LCD projectors. Poly-Sci is typically 3 separate layers of LCDs, one each for Red, Green and Blue. This results in increased color dynamics, with contrast ratios around 200:1. Poli-Si technology is also a bit faster than the Active Matrix TFT, for smooth video and multimedia.

A page or screen orientation that is taller than it is wide. Monitors that allow users to swivel the display 90 degrees and place the screen image in portrait orientation.

Typically a smooth silver/gray piece of polished aluminum foil bonded to the rear polarizer. Reflects the incoming ambient light. Note: Backlighting can not be used with a reflective type LCD.

Applicable to CRTs but not LCDs, refresh rate equals the number of times per second that the electron gun redraws the image on the screen. For example, if a CRT"s refresh rate is set to 60 Hz, the screen image will be redrawn 60 times a second. Low refresh rates will cause the image to flicker, resulting in eye strain or other problems. For this reason, refresh rates on CRTs should be set as high as possible

The number of pixels displayed on a monitor. Resolution is defined by listing the number of pixels in each horizontal row by the number of pixels in each vertical column (i.e. 640x480, 800x600, etc.)

This figure indicates how quickly an LCD panel can display a change in the brightness of the screen image. It is calculated as the sum of the times needed for the image to change from 10% to 90% of its maximum brightness, and from 90% to 10%. Faster response times allow a smoother display of rapidly-changing screen images, such as real-time video.

Each pixel is made up of three independently controlled sub-pixels. In a color display these sub-pixels have red, green, or blue color filters. Or, in the case of a grayscale display, each sub-pixel will have a clear transparent filter, allowing the full grayscale range to be displayed. Each sub-pixel is capable of generating different intensities, creating a range of colors or grayscale values, which is perceived as a mixture of each sub-pixel value.

SXGA refers to a monitor resolution of 1280 x 1024 pixel display, regardless of the number of colors available. This is the next highest resolution above XGA. What makes SXGA unusual is that its standard ratio is 5:4, while VGA, SVGA, XGA, and UXGA are all the traditional 4:3 ratio found on computer monitors. What resolutions are higher? UXGA and QXGA.

LCD driver or controller electronics are encapsulated in a thin, hard bubble package, of which the drive leads extend from the bubble package on a thin plastic substrate. The adhesive along the edges is used to attach the TAB to the LCD glass and/or PCB.

Definition 1:Abbreviation of thin film transistor, a type of LCD (Liquid Crystal Display) flat panel display screen, in which each pixel is controlled by, from one to four transistors. The TFT technology provides the best resolution of all the flat penal techniques, but it is also the most expensive. TFT screens are sometimes called active matrix LCDs.Definition 2:This term typically refers to active matrix screens on laptop computers. Active matrix LCD (Liquid Crystal Display) provides a sharper screen display and broader viewing angle than passive matrix screens.

A display screen that is sensitive to the touch of a finger or stylus. Touch screens are very resistant to harsh environments where keyboards might eventually fail. They are often used with custom-designed applications so that the on-screen buttons are large enough to be pressed with the finger. Applications are typically very specialized and greatly simplified so they can be used by anyone. However, touch screens are also very popular on PDAs and full-size computers with standard applications, where a stylus is required for precise interaction with screen objects.

There are two primary technologies used for touch screens and both use a clear glass panel overlaid onto the CRT or LCD screen. The resistive method is completely pressure sensitive. It uses a plastic layer on top of a metallic-coated glass layer, separated by spacers. When pressed, it shunts the current in the glass panel, and the x-y coordinates pick up the location on the screen.

A type of LCD which does not have a reflector or transflector laminated to the rear polarizer. A backlight must be used with this type of LCD configuration. Most common is transmissive negative image.

Also called "refresh rate," it is the number of times an entire display screen is refreshed, or redrawn, per second. Measured in Hertz, display systems typically range from 56Hz to well over 100Hz. A minimum of 70Hz is recommended to help prevent eye strain.

(VESA Display Power Management Signaling) A VESA standard for signaling the monitor to switch into energy conservation modes. It provides for two low energy modes: standby and suspend.

Today VGA resolution normally refers to a 640 x 480 pixel display, regardless of the number of colors available. Originally VGA was 640 x 480 16 colors. Throughout this website it will refer to 640 x480 resolution.

CRT image size is advertised as the diagonal measure of the glass in the display (15", 17", etc.) However, the viewable area, or the size of the image a monitor can actually display, is usually one to two inches less than the advertised size. LCD image size is usually identical to what is advertised, as the physical picture tube border present on CRTs (the space between the viewable area on the CRT and the plastic chassis) is not present on LCD displays.

The dimensions measured from the inside perimeter of the LCD bezel or LCD glass epoxy seal. The viewing area defines actual area that can be illuminated when the entire screen is turned ON (white).

XGA is likely to remain the standard on laptops for some time as higher resolution like SXGA makes for extremely small type, even on the largest laptops such as 15" display Dell models.

Same as- Elastomer Connector which is a strip of silicone rubber made up of sequentially spaced conductive and non-conductive material. This is the most common connection method for LCD modules.