develop display screens akin price

Announced in a press release on Thursday, the stretchable display has a resolution of 100ppi and is capable of displaying full-color RGB. The prototype was created using micro LEDs with a sub-40μm pixel pitch that were built into a silicon substrate typically used in contact lenses. According to LG Display, this gives it a consistency “similar to that of a rubber band” and allows it to be stretched in any direction by up to 20 percent.

Other styles of flexible display technology have been commercially available for some time, such as LG’s own rollable OLEDTV or the LG G Flex phone. Foldable devices also often utilize a malleable screen, though this new stretchable display technology is theoretically more flexible while providing better durability — supposedly capable of comfortably withstanding heavy external impacts.

“Stretchable displays are not only thin and light, but also can be attached to curved surfaces such as skin, clothing, and furniture,” LG Display says in a press release. The company hasn’t announced any products that will feature the technology but expect it will eventually be utilized within industries such as wearables, mobility, smart devices, gaming, and fashion. This stretchable screen is the first prototype being developed by LG Display as part of a government-led development project, with the Korean-based company hoping to improve on the display technology by 2024.

LG Display isn’t the only company exploring stretchable displays. Samsung has previously showcased the viability of the tech in real-world applications after creating a stretchable OLED screen in a prototype heart rate monitor back in June 2021.

Brick-and-mortar retailers have just a few seconds to attract—and hold—a buyer’s eye with a window display. In New York City, 10,000 people pass the Macy’s window every hour. That’s nearly 1.7 million people each week!

Your shop doesn’t have to be world famous or located in the middle of busy Manhattan to benefit from a well-designed store window. According to NPD Group research, window displays influence purchases an average of 24% of the time.

The right window display design can engage shoppers enough to cause them to stop, look back, and walk into your store, where your floor staff can help close the sale. Not only do attractive window displays help bring in customers, they also let you display new products, highlight promotions, enhance your brand image, and differentiate your store from the competition.

With increasing competition from ecommerce, and the COVID-19 pandemic keeping shoppers at home, store windows are more valuable than ever. In order for window displays to benefit brick-and-mortar retailers, Mujica says, “it’s important they have a very specific vision for the people they are pandering to.”

Window displays can help your store boost foot traffic and brand awareness, highlight products and promotions, and differentiate itself from the competition.

Window displays preview what’s inside your shop. You can use them to entice customers with products they’ll like and to highlight new arrivals, limited-edition products, or even holiday gifts.

Leverage windows to let customers know about sales. If you’ve ever entered a store after seeing a huge “SALE” sign in its window, then you understand how effective this tactic can be. Synchronize in-store offers with online promotions to increase the impact of your displays.

Let’s say there are two shoe stores in your neighborhood that feature the same shoes in their window. Store A displays the shoes in a creative way, while Store B unimaginatively places each pair on top of its box.

Which store do you think attracts more customers? Most likely Store A. Making an effort with your window displays will help you stand out from the local competition.

They’re great for exhibiting clothes on mannequins and body forms and showing off your store’s interior design. However, open window displays are revealing, making it difficult to hide fixture accessories, like wires.

Closed window displays have a wall or backdrop separating them from the store floor. These displays emphasize the products on view by eliminating distractions from inside the shop. Yet, they block natural light from entering your shop, so you’ll have to compensate with ample lighting on the floor.

Shadowboxes are small, box-like, and most often used to display petite, detailed items, like jewelry, shoes, or makeup. They’re usually only big enough for one or two people to look at at once.

As the name implies, you get a corner window display when two windows come together in a corner, creating a large, box-like display. Corners are optimal for attracting shoppers approaching from any direction and showing off products from more than one side. But, it can be difficult to arrange products in these displays, since they need to look attractive from multiple viewpoints.

Setting up your first retail window display may sound a little daunting. Luckily, you don’t need to have a design background to create a compelling store window display. Even if you don’t have the budget to hire a visual merchandising professional, it’s possible to DIY your own display.

Here, we’ll help you set your fears aside so you can master the art of putting together unforgettable window displays. We’ll guide you through the process of assembling your store window display, as well as offer some window display ideas to get you started.

Before you start brainstorming complex ideas for your first retail window display, let’s start by making sure we"ve got the necessary tools to set you up for success. In other words, you don’t want to be halfway through the process only to notice you don’t have a tape measure or another essential tool.

Depending on the design of your store window display, you may need other materials to complete your project. However, these tools will keep the ball rolling and can serve as a skeletal shopping list to start your display design.

When it comes to conceptualizing a store window display, it’s best to start with a pen and paper. Before sketching out your window display ideas, start with a story based on a theme. Yes, your window display design should tell at least a basic story. After all, it"s proven that storytelling can serve as a strategic business tool.

Doing so will help you determine where your focal point should be. The focal point is where you want your prospective customers to look first and concentrate their focus. The central point of your display should be big enough to catch a shopper"s attention, even on the other side of the street.

Start thinking about the arrangement of products based around your focal point. Will you arrange your products on wires or shelves around the focal point? Or maybe set them up in a pyramid? Explore different configurations to see what would work best for your window display.

Let’s be honest: society’s attention span is shrinking to about less than a millisecond, and your buyers are no exception. You can bet that most people walking by your store will either be engaged in conversation with friends, texting, or walking their dogs. So, you’ll need to pull out all the stops to make sure you catch their attention. At the very least, you can create a store window display they’ll want to take photos of with their smartphone and share them with the world.

So, when creating your retail window display, don’t be bland. Be bold with colors, shapes, and props. Think outside of any cookie-cutter colors and opt for more eye-catching hues like fuchsia, orange, or electric blue. Just remember to exercise your best judgment and keep everything consistent with your brand.

With all the window display ideas available for you to use as inspiration, it’s easy to get carried away and create an overly complicated display. However, too much clutter is likely to repel and overwhelm potential passersby, rather than draw their attention. Don’t try to do too much or you’ll just end up with a busy, unfocused display.

Always keep your goal in mind: ultimately, you want to draw attention to your products and help customers quickly understand why certain products are grouped with others. That also means keeping your display clutter-free and being able to justify why each component of your display is included.

When you’re creating a display, you’re going to have small and large objects, dark and light colors, lights and shadows, and so on. It’s important to balance the different elements you’ll be deploying in order to create a pleasing aesthetic.

Typically, you’ll want to place larger, darker items near the bottom, and items that are lighter and more colorful at the top. This arrangement will prevent your display from looking top heavy. Similarly, if you place all the large items to one side and all the small ones on the side, you’ve got an unbalanced window display. Imagine you’re balancing items on a scale, which means doing things like balancing a large item on one side with lots of smaller items on the other.

Trust your judgment and get a sense of what emotion your display is evoking. With a balanced display, you’re more likely to create feelings of happiness, excitement, and joy, whereas an unbalanced display may signal anxiety or instability.

When it comes to creating an effective window display, lighting is often an afterthought, or something to consider if you’ve got the budget for “extra costs.” But lighting can be a crucial component in getting people to stop and notice your display.

Lighting can create moods, highlight certain products over others, and establish a dramatic setting for your store window display. Being strategic with lighting can pay dividends in helping you get your focal point right on and directing onlooker’s eyes to where you want them.

We don’t recommend lighting displays directly from the top, as this can lead to unattractive, harsh shadows. Instead, consider lighting displays from the sides and front. This technique will bring out the 3D quality of the display. Plus, you can really have some fun when you have light coming at it from different angles.

Once you’ve got all the pieces where you want them, make sure to take a look at your window display from every possible angle. Very rarely is a person going to only notice a display when they’re standing right in front of it. Walk up to it from different directions and check things like your focal point, how visible your signage or calls to action are, and if it all appears balanced.

Your audience will impact the products you choose to display, colors you use in it, and the stories you tell in your windows. Keep your ideal customer at the forefront of your strategy.

When you design your windows with a target audience in mind, you’ll draw those people in and make them excited to shop with you. If you try to create a display that appeals to everyone, you’ll end up watering down your design and appealing to no one.

It’s a well known fact that grocery stores display cereals for kids on lower shelves and cereals for adults on higher shelves. Why? Because this is where these customers’ eyelines land, and therefore, where their attention will be.

Keep window shoppers’ eyelines in mind while building external-facing displays. If you own a children’s clothing boutique, for example, you could display products that would appeal to kids, like toys, low enough for children to see, and more practical products at parents’ eye level.

Beyond considering eyelines, it’s important to remember that you’re designing a 3D display and not a flat one. Make sure that products and props can easily be seen—and look good—from various angles.

According to McKinsey, technology will help retail double its profitability. Interactive technologies like augmented reality, touchscreens, and QR codes help give a new meaning to the term “window shopping.” Embrace them to engage passersby and influence purchasing decisions.

When placed within a window, touchscreens help customers learn more about the products on and off display. They also make it easy to entice window shoppers with coupons in exchange for contact information, which opts them into your email marketing efforts.

Touchscreens are best for stores that sell valuable, high-consideration items (i.e., electronics, furniture, or vehicles) since they can be used to share product specifications and details. They’re also commonly used in the real estate industry to show listings that aren’t featured in the main display.

Quick response (QR) codes are bar codes that open up a link, share a phone number, send an SMS, or share a plain text message when people scan them with a smartphone. Follow the example of Rose City Goods and put them in your window display to link to your ecommerce website, product pages, and more.

For its Hallucination campaign, Gucci extended the technology to its window displays by installing classic artworks reimagined with characters dressed in designer clothing. What makes this display unusual is that most of the mannequins are facing away from the window, as if they were visiting an art gallery.

Toronto apothecary Leaves of Trees unveiled a window display featuring oversized tubes of its skin care products suspended upside down, with cascades of dried roses, grapefruit, and lavender “pouring” out.

The display is striking not only because of the scale of the props, but also because it explicitly highlights the natural ingredients the retailer uses in its products.

Leaves of Trees’ unique window displays attract a lot of walk-ins, but this wasn’t always the case. When the shop opened in 2014, its displays featured colorful florals made from paper, but none of the brand’s actual products.

Creativity in any window display is important, but for smaller retailers, it’s crucial that products be clearly presented, not only so passersby know what you’re selling, but to target the right buyer.

Known for its elaborate window displays, Saks’ collaboration with French design collective Vetements did a complete about-turn by featuring nothing but a pile of old clothes.

While many walking by did a double take assuming the display was a work in progress or even a mistake, it enhanced Saks’ image as a retailer with a conscience.

Highlighting a good cause in your window display can help boost your brand image. Also, putting something in your window that is unexpected will grab the attention of passersby.

The goal of this window display wasn’t so much to attract a new audience to the brand, but to tap into the nostalgia of its existing young buyers who grew up eating Frosted Flakes and Corn Pops.

According to a study in the Journal of Consumer Research, people are more likely to spend more when they’re feeling nostalgic. To tie in the product with the display, the clothes were carefully curated to match the color grading of the boxes behind.

A bright and well-lit window display is always eye catching, especially at night. “By lighting it properly, you avoid negative shadows that can make garments look small or dowdy,” Mujica advises.

In order to woo and impress its wealthy buyers during the holiday season, luxury department store Bergdorf Goodman spends upward of six figures on its window displays.

While Bergdorf’s resources exceed the budget of most high-street retailers, this window display makes a very strong statement about its brand and the high-end products it sells.

Putting extra resources into your window display at certain times of year can really pay off. Holiday windows attract extra foot traffic, and, according to NRF research, holiday spending has reached an all-time high.

Tiffany & Co. has been famous for its window displays ever since the brand was immortalized in the film Breakfast at Tiffany’s. So iconic is the retailer’s window that several people have chosen the location to pop the question.

The retailer’s window displays are most notable for their simplicity. Unlike Bergdorf Goodman, whose windows are a targeted celebration of decadence, Tiffany’s creative is often quite minimal.

While it can be tempting to fill up a window to maximize the space, cramming too many items into a display can devalue your products by making them look cluttered. Focusing only on one item communicates to passersby that it’s special.

A creative window display that is completely different from what your competitors are doing not only attracts eyeballs on the street, but also extends the reach of your content through social media sharing.

One winter window display paid homage to hygge, the Danish word for comfort, and featured books on crafting and cooking, with each nestled inside Nordic-style houses.

Created on a modest budget, TYPE’s unique window displays consistently lead to an increase in foot traffic. There’s no couture or Swarovski crystals, but by honing in on a specific theme, TYPE Books attracts the attention of both new and existing customers.

In fact, so many people enter the store asking about a specific title that the retailer set up a special display inside featuring all the books found in the window.

Hermès did the exact opposite in one of its stores, perching silk scarves around an oversized juice cup with a giant straw. By making the art the central point of this window, Hermès ensured an eye-grabbing experience in which the product was almost an afterthought.

The prominence of the color orange ties in well with the brand’s signature color. In fact, WindowsWear was so impressed with this display that it named it Best Orange Window of 2017.

Color is a key component of visual merchandising and can help influence buyer behavior. If you’re looking primarily to attract customers, using red and orange in your window display will draw the attention of passersby.

Philadelphia-based sustainable fashion brand Lobo Mau could teach a master class on how to ensure passersby don’t just browse window displays, but shop them.

“Our boutique is situated on a corner, and it has four big windows. It’s prime real estate for window displays,” says Nicole. “When building out the store we asked our architects to create modular displays that we could constantly update and change around. One week we could have a sweatshirt hanging in the window, and then the next week the same window can be all shelves to display our ceramics.”

“We start[ed] using QR codes [in our windows] to provide visitors with context to our exhibitions,” says Art Center Program Manager Meg Wachs. “We want to allow any passerby on the sidewalk a chance to learn about the work on display, even if our space isn’t open in the hours that they may be passing.”

“Due to COVID-19, we had a gap in our Window Gallery exhibition calendar at the holidays that seemed best optimized by adjusting the work on display to products from our retail space” that are featured in the organization’s holiday gift guide, Wachs explains. Wachs also configured “the QR [code] to lead to our [digital] Holiday Gift Guide. Even within a retail space, we try to educate the public beyond what their experience with glass is.”

Take a page out of UrbanGlass’ book and use your window display to educate customers, in addition to selling products. For example, you could link your QR codes to landing pages that explain the process behind how you create your products.

Window displays are a powerful sales tool. They draw customers in, keep them engaged, and help initiate sales. By getting creative with your displays, and enhancing them with technology, you’ll convert passersby into customers.

New York City’s Macy’s is the quintessential example we think of when we think window display. With gigantic windows across their flagship store give them the perfect space for building some of the world’s most creative window displays, especially during the holidays.

To create a unique and eye-grabbing window display, you’ll first want to spend some time brainstorming creative ideas first. Then start gathering the merchandise and materials you’ll need and bring your window display idea to life.

A medical display is a monitor that meets the high demands of medical imaging. Medical displays usually come with special image-enhancing technologies to ensure consistent brightness over the lifetime of the display, noise-free images, ergonomic reading and automated compliance with DICOM and other medical image quality standards.

A diagnostic display for radiology and/or mammography is used by radiologists to view diagnostic images, such as X-rays, MRIs, CT scans and more. These displays come with special tools and technologies to help radiologists make a swift and accurate diagnosis.

Digital mammography images require the highest resolution and brightest displays for review. Higher brightness can contribute to a bigger chance of finding microcalcifications, which could indicate presence of breast cancer.

Displays for digital pathology are designed especially for image viewing in pathology. For example, they offer color spaces that are adapted to digital slides, or fast refresh rates for smooth and clear images during panning or zooming. They deliver consistent, detailed images and their image quality doesn’t degrade over the years.

Medical displays for radiology, mammography and pathology require an advanced display controller that can faultlessly process the large, highly detailed files that come with medical imaging. They can handle intensive, long-term use, and process large images correctly and with minimal delay. In these ways, they can support the medical professional’s workflow. Furthermore, advanced display controllers can support technologies to better detect small details and work faster.

Surgical displays range from near-patient monitors to large-screen OR displays. Most surgical displays can be mounted onto surgical arms or booms, with cables neatly hidden, and the screen is usually scratch-resistant. They can also allow for easy cleaning and disinfection.

A dental display is a high-bright, medical monitor designed for viewing of dental images, such as X-rays of teeth, bone, nerves, and soft tissue. With dental displays, subtle abnormalities or concealed anatomical structures in the oral and maxillofacial regions become more visible, compared to consumer displays. This makes it easier for dentists to detect dental pathologies. Dental displays come in various shapes and forms, from cleanable review displays to high-end displays designed specifically for dental diagnosis.

You don’t always need a high-resolution diagnostic display in a clinical environment. You might be looking for a display you can use for various non-diagnostic activities, such as enabling easy access for clinical staff to electronic medical records, or medical images. Clinical review displays help you making medical information available across an enterprise, reliably and with consistent image quality. They can offer additional functionalities for use in medical environment, such as cleanable design that can stand alcohol cleaning agents. All our clinical review displays are DICOM-compliant.

Researchers from Yonsei University in Korea developed a full-color wearable AMOLED display that can be placed directly on human skin. The device can be flexed and stretched as needed.

The global skin care market is estimated to reach $121 billion this year and nearly $11 billion in the U.S. alone by 2018. The fastest growing segment of the skin care market is natural and organic products which contain no unnecessary chemicals, parabens, additives or fillers. We have made dozens of retail POP and skin care displays for beauty products. In today’s blogpost, we’ll look at 8 examples of displays we have designed to help a number of brands stand out at retail in the hypercompetitive skin care market.

Our first example is a 4-shelf wood floor beauty display we created for Hang Ten’s line of high performance natural sunscreen. We built this skin care product display using solid pine wood with a washed finish. We added screen printed branding on the header and side signs to give the skincare display an authentic, California lifestyle feeling which is the essence of the Hang Ten brand.

Our second example is a countertop display we designed for a luxury soap company. Constructed of MDF with a white melamine finish, this simple counter shelf display was designed to make the packaging pop. We added a die-cut deader for branding.

We also designed a countertop wire version of the above retail skincare display in an effort to reach a lower price point. We retained the same header sign but changed the construction of the body to white powder coated wire with decorative curved wire on the sides to create a more feminine feel.

As you may have read in our other blogposts, we are a big fan of using bamboo in skin care displays, particularly when we are designing displays for organic or natural products. The counter display below is an example of a very simple branded platform for Coola’s natural and organic sunscreen line. We constructed this out of clear-coated carbonized bamboo and added laser-cut white acrylic dimensional letters to spell out the brand. We finished the display with a screen printed acrylic front lip attachment.

Speaking of bamboo, we also design the bamboo lotion dispenser below for Coola. It’s made out of the same bamboo material which acts as an attractive covering for the lotion dispenser. On this piece, we laser engraved the Coola branding instead of using acrylic letters. It’s ideal for its intended market which is the spas.

Our next example is a floor display we designed and manufactured for Skin Authority. Our objective was to make this simple, clean, and cost-effective. We used white MDF, screen printed on the bottom section, and added a die-cut PVC header sign.

Next, we created the countertop glorifier for Trilipiderm. We made the entire display out of acrylic, created two product slots, added screen printed branding and designed a clear acrylic sleeve for an interchangeable sign.

Our final example today is another countertop glorifier that we made for Dermasport’s line of skin care products for active people. We used a high gloss finish on the MDF base in which we cut recessed holes for the product. We included branding on the base and added a removable die-cut header sign. We thought the header graphics were a bit busy, but we went with what the customer wanted. We still think it turned out to be a simple, cost-effective, and attractive counter display.

Jim Hollen is the owner and President of RICH LTD. (www.richltd.com), a 35+ year-old California-based point-of-purchase display, retail store fixture, and merchandising solutions firm which has been named among the Top 50 U.S. POP display companies for 9 consecutive years. A former management consultant with McKinsey & Co. and graduate of Stanford Business School, Jim has served more than 3000 brands and retailers over more than 20 years and has authored nearly 500 blogs and e-Books on a wide range of topics related to POP displays, store fixtures, and retail merchandising.

The breakthrough is in FAST’s flexible electronic material. Coated on top of the skinlike polymer is a layer of gold, which, when stretched, develops small cracks that change the electrical conductivity of the material. Stretch the material and number of cracks increases, causing the electronic resistance in the sensor to increase as well. When the material contracts, the cracks come back into contact and conductivity improves.

When it comes to desktop PCs, one thing is for sure: two screens are better than one. That"s especially true for the tech expert who has to multitask several graphics-intensive programs simultaneously.

Whatever your need, enabling multiple displays on your PC is a surefire way to increase productivity. Below, we discuss all the steps of setting up multiple monitors on your system in detail.

For one, the aesthetic opportunities of a dual or triple monitor setup are fantastic. Compared to a single display, multi-display arrangements allow you to tailor different screens according to their distinct function and purpose. Where dual or multi-monitor setups excel, however, is in their productivity bump. Most programs—especially those used in professional settings—display poorly when using even half of a complete display.

That"s why a dual-monitor setup allows users dramatic productivity increases. You can constantly view all available tools, menu selections, and information without constantly switching between tasks. In other words, alternate displays allow users additional screen real estate. You don"t have to sacrifice any particular function to monitor hardware, listen to music, edit graphic elements, analyze data, or write content.

You don"t even have to invest in an ultra-high definition display out of the gate to have a decent multi-monitor setup. Older, flat-screen monitors can still do their job rather well in a dual monitor setup. This is especially true when you consider flipping your monitor from landscape to portrait.

Larger screen sizes and display resolutions typically determine higher price points. Yet, the setup for an expensive or budget monitor is exactly the same. For a basic dual-monitor setup, not much more than a 23.8-inch display would be necessary. You can even use your laptop as a second monitor.

There are a few types of cables that you will generally encounter when connecting a monitor to your PC: DVI (white by default), VGA (blue by default), HDMI, and DisplayPort.

HDMI and DisplayPort are the newer types of connections for monitors, while DVI and VGA are older. There are many benefits to these newer cable types, two of which are immediately pertinent: newer cable types offer better image display, and DisplayPorts function as the Swiss army knife of cables by adapting to all the connection types mentioned.

Monitors and displays connect to the PC via its graphics card, otherwise known as a GPU. The GPU handles the graphics processing capabilities of a PC, so you"ll naturally have to connect your monitor to your GPU component. Ensure you"re connecting your display to the primary graphics card used in your PC—often an external GPU—and not the default, integrated graphics ports.

Its display outputs include 2x HDMI 2.1 and 3x DisplayPort 1.4a. So, while you wouldn"t be able to connect a VGA cable from your monitor to this graphics card, you would be able to use an HDMI or DisplayPort connection.

If you have multiple monitors that use DisplayPort but only have one space in your graphics card for that type of connection, you"ll have to use a DisplayPort hub with multi-stream transport. The hub will connect to your only available DisplayPort port and allow you to connect as many as three monitors to it. Or you could opt for a monitor with daisy-chain capabilities.

Once your monitor is connected to your GPU, turn on both your PC and your monitor. Wait for it to display an image. If your monitor remains blank, check your connection.

You should see your second display within the settings image. Windows 10 conveniently provides this interface, so users can easily configure multiple displays.

First off, drag and drop your monitor to configure the display position. If you have a second monitor on the left side of your first, but the display settings show the second monitor on the right, drag the second monitor to the left of your main display.

The Display window allows for both X and Y coordinates, meaning monitors don"t have to be placed directly beside one another to function. If you"re confused about which display your PC refers to, click the Identify button to view which monitor is which.

For one, Windows 10 will sometimes display your monitor at a smaller resolution than native to the display. Set your Resolution to the Recommended setting (or higher).

Continue changing whatever options suit you. Orientation will allow you to change your display"s portrait or landscape orientation. Multiple displays allow you to extend or mirror your displays. Remember to select the display you want to change before you change it by clicking on the display image.

To change or remove your taskbar, head to your background settings by clicking on your start menu, typing background, and selecting the Background settings option. Expand the window and select Taskbar. Scroll down until you see a Multiple displays section.

To turn the taskbar off on all displays (except your primary monitor), set Show taskbar on all displays to Off. If you leave it on, you can decide whether the taskbar will show all pinned programs or only programs present within the given monitor under Show taskbar buttons on.

Now that your display is in working order, you can consider customizing your second display. Even if you enjoy customizing displays, your work will often go unnoticed in a single display setup.

This step is an extension of the step we just discussed above. Like wallpapers, you can also combine entire displays so that the Windows is maximized across all the monitors. While a widescreen might not increase productivity at work, it can be great for gaming or even watching movies.

Once you"ve opened the software, select a monitor (all of which should appear in the software) and select either Change Wallpaper or Remove Wallpaper. You can also extend a single video to span your monitors via the Layout option in this window as well. After you"ve chosen a display, select Change Wallpaper. In this window, switch to the Workshop tab. This is where you"ll download your video background.

The natural evolution from black and white to color is a well-worn path for both product design and media of all kinds. E Ink has continued to develop its color technology, listening to customers along the way to get feedback and make improvements to meet market needs.

The display world has been abuzz the past couple of years with the term “display P3.” In fact, this technology has revolutionized the industry and the user experience, too. This is not only because Apple® has been incorporating Display P3 panels in its iMac®, MacBook Pro®, iPhone®, and iPad Pro® devices, but because even Microsoft Surface Studio desktop computers and Android mobile phones and tablets have begun to feature the technology, moving it closer to ubiquity. A quiet revolution has taken place in the display industry. Therefore, it is crucial for creative designers to take a look at their workflow and understand why they need to incorporate a Display P3 monitor into their creative efforts.

What is Display P3? Display P3 is a combination of the DCI-P3 color gamut with the D65 white point together with the sRGB gamma curve. It originated from the DCI-P3 color gamut’s implementation in digital cinema projectors, as this standard offers more vibrant greens and reds than the traditional sRGB color gamut. The white point of the original DCI-P3 is tinted green, and the gamma curve is 2.6. These parameters made it suitable for theater viewing, but not for closer viewing, such as on monitors. Hence, Apple proposed changing the white point to D65 and the gamma curve to the sRGB curve, and named the new set of attributes “Display P3.” Since its color gamut is larger than that offered with sRGB, Display P3 is considered a wide color space.

Why should this matter to designers? For one, it is important for them to consider how their work is published and viewed in real life. Twenty years ago, creative works were mainly distributed through hardcopy prints. Today, illustrations and photographs are mainly delivered electronically. So it makes sense to craft artworks on a display that reflect the conditions where end-users will actually be viewing them. If a work will be printed, designers should view their works on an AdobeRGB monitor to best simulate CMYK printing. However, if artworks are mostly being viewed on Display P3 compatible devices, then they should be previewed on a Display P3 monitor.

Why is a traditional sRGB monitor not up to the job? An sRGB monitor may not deliver the vibrant colors a Display P3 device can produce. An example can be seen in Fig. 1. On the left are colors a Display P3 monitor can reproduce, on the right are those an sRGB monitor can reproduce. It can be readily seen that the colors on the Display P3 monitor are more vibrant, in particular the greens and reds. Looking at Fig. 2, a similar observation can be made concerning the u’v’ chromaticity diagram where the Display P3 and sRGB color gamuts are plotted together. The Display P3 color gamut captures more of the red and green areas, and extends further. This means that Display P3 is capable of displaying more variations of red and green shades, and of exhibiting stronger reds and greens.

There is another important incentive for designers to utilize Display P3 monitors in their workflow. In CSS 4, a wide color gamut such as Display P3 is supported and is being implemented by browser vendors right now. This means that web browsers will finally support a color gamut larger than sRGB! This is very encouraging news, and a major step in color communication over the Internet. We will no longer be restricted to the sRGB color gamut when posting photographs or designing websites, as Display P3 can be used to showcase more brilliant, true-to-life colors. So there is ample reason for designers to begin utilizing Display P3 monitors in their work. It is simply not possible to view the saturation and colors of hues the Display P3 color gamut is capable of on an sRGB monitor. For these reasons, it is time to step up the color gamut on your monitor!

Display P3 is a wide color gamut used extensively in mobile devices, such as mobile phones, tablets, notebooks, and certain late-model desktops, such as iMacs® and Surface Studio desktop computers. Compared to sRGB, Display P3 features more richly saturated red and green colors. More and more devices are incorporating Display P3 panels in their devices, so it is reasonable for designers to use Display P3 monitors when creating their art. An sRGB monitor cannot reproduce the vibrant colors Display P3 intends. Therefore, now is the time to swap your old sRGB monitor for a Display P3 monitor!

Researchers in Japan say they have developed an ultra-thin, lightweight e-skin that is stuckto the chest area using water spray and can be worn for a week at a time.

The technology was developed by Takao Someya, a professor at the University of Tokyo’s Graduate School of Engineering. It has yet to undergo clinical trials, but Someya says he has started working with partners to develop manufacturing processes.

(DNPCF), to be worn on the back of the user’s hand. Designed for older people or those with who have difficulty using a smartphone, it will show heartbeat data transmitted by the e-skin in the form of large and easily understood graphics. It can also display simple emojis — including a heart and a rainbow — sent by friends and relatives from a smartphone, to help older people feel connected to their loved ones.

Someya and his team started developing e-skin for robots in the early 2000s. And other research from theirlab is being developed for the marketplace through two spin-off companies — Signtle, for medical applications, and Xenoma, for smart clothing.

Purdue University researchers show off a newly developed skin patch that changes color to indicate different levels of hydration, representing a potential new medical technology. As sweat secretion increases, the strips are activated sequentially, changing from blue to red and providing easily identifiable levels of moisture loss. Here, the patch is shown recording hydration at specific time intervals. (Purdue University photo/ Vaibhav Jain, Manuel Ochoa)

WEST LAFAYETTE, Ind. — Researchers have developed a low-cost skin patch that changes color to indicate different levels of hydration, representing a potential new medical technology.

We have developed a colorimetric dermal patch for collecting and measuring sweat secretion in discrete volumes over a small area of skin to aid in hydration monitoring. The patch consists of filter paper, laser-machined to create a radial array of strips. When laminated by a medical film, the strips form microchannels; their tips are loaded with a water-responsive dye, thus allowing discrete colorimetric representations of collected sweat. The palm-sized patch is usable from 15 to 90 minutes at sweating rates of  90 µL/h/cm2 which lies in a physiologically relevant range (0-240 µL/h/cm2).

Melanoma is usually apparent on the skin and readily detected by trained medical providers using a routine total body skin examination, yet this malignancy is responsible for the majority of skin cancer-related deaths. Currently, there is no national consensus on skin cancer screening in the USA, but dermatologists and primary care providers are routinely confronted with making the decision about when to recommend total body skin examinations and at what interval. The objectives of this paper are: to propose rational, risk-based, data-driven guidelines commensurate with the US Preventive Services Task Force screening guidelines for other disorders; to compare our proposed guidelines to recommendations made by other national and international organizations; and to review the US Preventive Services Task Force"s 2016 Draft Recommendation Statement on skin cancer screening.

Target risk groups were established by comparing the relative risks/odds ratios of melanoma risk factors with the relative risks/odds ratios associated with risk factors for developing other common diseases and malignancies.

Conducting RCTs to evaluate skin cancer screening is fraught with challenges. Comparing mortality due to melanoma in screened versus nonscreened individuals would be difficult and costly, requiring a large population (stratified by clearly delineated melanoma risk factors) and a particularly long follow-up interval to demonstrate a correlation [5]. In addition, identifying a control population might be considered unethical, as a subset of individuals with elevated melanoma risk may be randomized into a nonscreening arm. Also, the potential exists for bias or erroneous comparisons between screened and controlled groups if uneven opportunistic screening occurs. Thus, the absence of a large prospective RCT should not preclude the development of skin cancer screening recommendations in the USA.

Over the past four decades, melanoma incidence has increased by nearly 200% [2]. It is now the fifth most common invasive cancer in men and the seventh in women, with an estimated 76,380 new cases in the USA in 2016 [1,6]. About one in 33 men and one in 52 women in the USA will develop melanoma during their lifetime [1]. Incidence and mortality rates are highest among older adults (aged 55–74 years and 75–84 years, respectively) [2]; however, melanoma is the most common cancer in young adults aged 25–29 years, with females being disproportionately affected in this age group [7]. It has been postulated that higher rates of melanoma in young women compared with young men is due to hormonal differences, physiologic effects of pregnancy and/or increased indoor tanning exposure [8,9]. Melanoma deaths account for the majority of skin cancer-related deaths, estimated to be around 10,130 in 2016 [2]. The average 5-year survival rate is 91.5% overall but varies significantly based on the stage of disease, ranging from 98.4% for localized disease, to 17.9% for distantly metastatic disease [2]. While advances in the treatment of metastatic melanoma will likely improve these statistics substantially, a diagnosis of metastatic melanoma remains grave, with several new treatment regimens resulting in significant contributions to healthcare costs. Moreover, there is no sign that the rise in melanoma incidence is slowing; melanoma incidence rates are predicted to increase roughly 50% over 2010 levels by 2020 and 100% over 2010 levels by 2030 [10].

Despite a lack of national consensus on skin cancer screening guidelines for asymptomatic patients, clinical dermatologists and PCPs are routinely confronted with making a decision about when to recommend TBSE and at what time interval. Currently, recommendations are diverse, with no unifying rationale for screening. This paper aims to propose evidence-based screening guidelines, commensurate with other USPSTF screening guidelines, by identifying a subset of patients that fall into a risk category consistent with other diseases. As with USPSTF guidelines, the primary goals for developing skin cancer screening recommendations included identification of a target age range of individuals to screen (based on incidence and mortality rates) and identification of a high-risk group of individuals (based on relative risk and odds ratio data) that could most benefit from skin cancer screening (Box 1).

After defining a target age range for the skin cancer screening population (see above), we sought to better refine the recommendations by incorporating risk factors into the assessment. Well-established, published melanoma risk factors were identified, along with their relative risks, and were used to determine subpopulations at elevated risk of developing cutaneous melanoma. In this way, individuals at low risk of developing melanoma were eliminated from the recommendations. Fortunately, risk factors for melanoma and keratinocyte carcinomas (KC), (i.e., nonmelanoma skin cancer) such as basal cell carcinoma (BCC) and cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) [32], overlap substantially, making the recommendations applicable for skin cancer in general. To identify the most appropriate risk factors to include in screening recommendations, the relative risks/odds ratios (RRs/ORs) associated with melanoma risk factors were compared with the RRs/ORs associated with other common diseases and malignancies that have received a USPSTF grade A or B screening recommendation based on risk (Tables 1 & 2). Colorectal and cervical cancers were excluded from these tables, as USPSTF guidelines recommend whole-population screening based on age and do not specify alternative-screening regimens based on risk factors.

In reviewing the USPSTF grade A and B screening recommendations that have been based on risk factors (e.g., hypertension and aortic aneurysm), we determined that most recommendations were associated with RRs of at least 1.8–2.0 (Table 1). We identified melanoma risk factors that reached or exceeded these RR levels (Table 3). For example, ‘ever smokers’ face a risk (OR: 3.1) [36] of developing an abdominal aortic aneurysm, which is comparable to the risk an individual with three atypical nevi has of developing melanoma (RR: 3.0) [24]. Using this rationale, we combined the risk factors that met the criteria of similarity to other recommended USPSTF screening methods (RR/OR of ≥1.8–2.0) into simple categories that would be easy to remember and apply to everyday practice (Box 1). In sum, we recommend that any asymptomatic individual in the USA between the ages of 35 and 75 years who has one or more of the following risk factors in any of the four categories be screened at least annually: a personal history of melanoma, BCC, SCC, actinic keratosis or ongoing immunocompromise; a family history of melanoma in one or more first-degree relatives or a family history suggestive of a hereditary predisposition to melanoma [49,50]; one or more physical features suggestive of high-risk, including lightly colored skin (Fitzpatrick skin types I–III), blonde or red hair, greater than 40 moles, greater than two atypical moles, freckles or severely sun-damaged skin; and ultraviolet radiation overexposure, including a history of sunburn or indoor tanning. We do not recommend screening for patients without risk factors. These guidelines obviously need to be applied in the context of individual circumstances. There may be individuals with greater risk that require more frequent screening (e.g., those with a CDKN2A mutation or a personal history of multiple melanomas in the setting of a large number of nevi and/or atypical nevi [51]) or screening outside of the 35–75 years old age range (e.g., a child with a giant congenital nevus [52]).

In the development of skin cancer screening guidelines, it is important to evaluate the recommendations presented here in the context of existing US national guidelines. Aside from the USPSTF, few professional organizations offer specific statements or recommendations about skin cancer screening. These organizations include the AAFP, the AAD, the ACS and the SCF. The AAFP echoes the USPSTF, reporting insufficient evidence to recommend skin cancer screening [54,56]. The ACS includes skin cancer screening as part of a generalized, periodic cancer-related check-up, but does not specify target population, age range or frequency [1]. The AAD recommends that physicians assess patient risk factors to devise individualized screening recommendations [58]. Lastly, the SCF recommends annual TBSE without specifying a target population or age range. The American College of Preventive Medicine, the American College of Physicians, the American Joint Committee on Cancer, the NCCN, the American Society of Clinical Oncology and the National Cancer Institute offer no official guidance regarding the performance of skin examinations by physicians [70–75]. Recommendations from the above organizations are summarized in Table 3.

The USA is arguably behind, as no evidence-based skin cancer screening guidelines have been established. Admittedly, the AAD, the ACS and the SCF have made statements on skin cancer screening, but these recommendations lack a specified target population and screening interval and, aside from those from the ACS, are not evidence based. Meanwhile, the US white population has the third highest cumulative risk (0–74 years) for melanoma in the world, second only to Australia and New Zealand [78]. Therefore, in addition to developing a data-driven rationale for our guidelines, we modeled our screening recommendations on international guidelines from countries with similarly elevated risk. Our end product is a set of comprehensive, risk-based, data-driven guidelines comparable to guidelines in Australia, New Zealand, The Netherlands and the UK.

In addition to comparing the different skin cancer screening recommendations of various organizations, it is important to evaluate potential biases or conflicts of interest that could lead a group to make certain recommendations. For example, provider-centric organizations could have a bias toward overestimating the power of a screening program to impact disease or may be less sensitive to cost-effective interventions. Patient advocacy organizations may have a bias toward screening for reasons such as personal experiences that may not be supported by data-driven evidence. In critiquing the USPSTF recommendations, it is important to note that the USPSTF may have a predilection against screening if it increases the complexity and duration of PCP examinations without unequivocal patient benefit. It is also important to note that many of the expert members of the USPSTF bring necessary epidemiological expertise to the group but are not engaged in direct patient care, which may result in assumption biases such as the technicalities of clinical procedures. The USPSTF"s 2016 Draft Recommendation document on adult skin cancer screening included only one physician [54], who specializes in general preventive medicine and public health. While a background in clinical preventive medicine is valuable in the development of evidence-based screening guidelines, it may also be beneficial in the future to add task force members with clinical or research expertise in skin cancer.

As mentioned previously, with respect to the development and implementation of screening guidelines, the USPSTF is perhaps the most influential organization in the nation. Under the Affordable Care Act, all recent health insurance plans and policies must cover preventive services that receive a grade A or B recommendation [79]. Therefore, the USPSTF"s recommendation on skin cancer screening may significantly impact the extent of examination performed at the time of routine medical care, as well as the public"s perception regarding the importance of skin cancer screenings. Currently, the USPSTF"s 2016 Draft Recommendation reports that, “a clear statement cannot be made about the benefit of skin cancer screening for melanoma mortality” due to insufficient evidence [54].

In conclusion, our proposed skin cancer screening recommendations (Box 1) have been developed with input from a diverse group of melanoma experts. These guidelines are based on consistently applied data and are in alignment with USPSTF recommendations for other cancers and diseases, as well as international skin cancer screening guidelines from Australia, New Zealand, Germany and the UK. While no large prospective RCT has been or is likely to be completed to show melanoma mortality reduction from skin cancer screening, this should not be a deterrent to identifying high-risk individuals and performing skin screening to improve patient outcomes in the USA.

The literature and data presented in this article suggest that risk-based skin cancer screening is warranted and justifiable. Screening could potentially impact early detection of melanoma, resulting in a reduction of morbidity, mortality and cost of treatment. Although an evaluation of cost was beyond the scope of this article, as costs climb with the use of novel systemic agents for advanced melanoma, a formal cost assessment would be valuable. A risk prediction model utilizing many of the risk factors we have included in our guidelines has been recently developed and validated by Vuong et al. [96]. In the future, it may be possible to use such a self-assessment tool as a means of identifying individuals in need of screening even more systematically. It may also be possible in the future to establish a skin cancer screening registry to standardize screening recommendations, implement these recommendations nationwide and monitor outcomes over time. Ultimately, melanoma risk assessment and screening will likely be more heavily based on melanoma susceptibility genes (CDKN2A, CDK4, MITF, BAP1, p14 ARF, TERT, POT1, ACD, TERF2IP, BRCA2, PTEN, among others.) [20–22] and molecular pathology tests and criteria. However, as these technologies are not yet widely available, our guidelines provide a foundation on which to base screening in the current era.

96. Vuong K, Armstrong BK, Weiderpass E, et al. Development and external validation of a melanoma risk prediction model based on self-assessed risk factors. JAMA Dermatol.2016;152(8):889–896. [PubMed]

Engineers at the University of California San Diego have developed a soft, stretchy skin patch that can be worn on the neck to continuously track blood pressure and heart rate while measuring the wearer’s levels of glucose as well as lactate, alcohol or caffeine. It is the first wearable device that monitors cardiovascular signals and multiple biochemical levels in the human body at the same time.

The new patch is a product of two pioneering efforts in the UC San Diego Center for Wearable Sensors, for which Wang serves as director. Wang’s lab has been developing wearables capable of monitoring multiple signals simultaneously—chemical, physical and electrophysiological—in the body. And in the lab of UC San Diego nanoengineering professor Sheng Xu, researchers have been developing soft, stretchy electronic skin patches that can monitor blood pressure deep inside the body. By joining forces, the researchers created the first flexible, stretchable wearable device that combines chemical sensing (glucose, lactate, alcohol and caffeine) with blood pressure monitoring.

One of the biggest challenges in making the patch was eliminating interference between the sensors’ signals. To do this, the researchers had to figure out the optimal spacing between the blood pressure sensor and the chemical sensors. They found that one centimeter of spacing did the trick while keeping the device as small as possible.

Ongoing work also includes shrinking the electronics for the blood pressure sensor. Right now, the sensor needs to be connected to a power source and a benchtop machine to display its readings. The ultimate goal is to put these all on the patch and make everything wireless.