cost of lcd monitors in india free sample

Brand AbbottSize Minimized potential interference from over 60 common medications and substances Individual foil-wrapped strips for minimized contamination and influence from external factors Small sample size (0.6 L) 5 second test time Fill trigger ensures reaction starts only when sufficient sample has been applied 5 second sample reapplication Top or tip fill Alternate site testing COMPATIBLE Device WITH which Strips Works : FreeStyle Optium H FreeStyle Optium Optium XceedResolution 1920 x 1080 Pixel

Size Display Screen The HP monitor has a screen size of 47 cm which is comfortable to view films and to browse through photographsContrast Ratio 600:1 staticResolution 1366*768HDMI NoVGA Connectivity Ports The HP 19kamonitor has a VGA port that aids in connecting the device to your computer or other multimedia devices.

1 x HDMI (ver2.0), 2 x DP (ver1.4), 2 x SuperSpeed USB 5 Gbps (USB 3.2 Gen1) downstream port [Front bottom, one with BC1.2 charging capability at 2A (max)], 2 x SuperSpeed USB 5 Gbps (USB 3.2 Gen1) downstream port (rear), 1 X SuperSpeed USB 5 Gbps (USB 3.2 Gen1) upstream port (rear), 1X Audio line-out port (rear), 1 x Headphone-out port (bottom)

The Asus ProArt PA248CNV blends a sharp 1080p display with features such as 90-watt USB-C charging, a USB hub, and a sturdy stand for less than $300. The monitor also impressed us with its grayscale accuracy, as its shades of white and gray weren’t noticeably tinged with red, green, or blue.

We previously recommended an older version of this display, the Asus ProArt PA247CV, as a top pick in this guide. Both monitors are fantastic, but the newer PA248CNV offers a larger, more accurate display and a higher charging wattage for only around $40 more, an extra expense that we think is worth paying. If the PA248CNV is out of stock or has jumped in price when you’re shopping, or if you don’t have a high-powered laptop that requires 90 W charging, we recommend getting the PA247CV instead.

That said, the PA248CNV is an especially good monitor for a wide swath of laptop owners. It has a USB-C port with 90 W of charging output, which can charge most laptops at a normal rate, even some higher-powered laptops like the Dell XPS 15 and MacBook Pro. The PA248CNV also has a USB hub with four USB 3.2 Gen 1 ports, perfect for connecting more devices to a laptop over the USB-C connection. (We like these ports for adding accessories such as webcams and wireless mouse dongles.)

We also like the ProArt PA248CNV’s stand, which is sturdy and fully adjustable. You can tilt or swivel the monitor, lift it up or push it down, and rotate it into portrait mode. A small clip on the back of the stand helps with cable management, as well.

Like all of our picks in this guide, the PA248CNV is a 24-inch IPS display. We measured a contrast ratio of 1017:1, which makes images with variation between light and dark look realistic and vibrant. The monitor can reach 300 nits of brightness, about the threshold for getting a good-looking picture in a typical office with some sunlight.

This monitor has accurate-enough color for most uses, especially for those writing documents, making presentations, and doing other office work. This is where the grayscale accuracy factors in—when you’re staring at a blank page wondering how to start that paragraph, at least you won’t be noticing a strange red tint that sends you down a Google rabbit hole and further delays that project you were supposed to turn in last week. Luckily, this display is exceptionally color-accurate, even better than our previous Asus ProArt pick. It even rivals our upgrade pick in some areas, though the Dell monitor still wins out for creatives because it offers more adjustability in calibrating the display in professional settings. The table below outlines the color accuracy of this monitor in comparison with our other picks.

The ProArt PA248CNV also has a few extra features that are nice, such as a 75 Hz display with FreeSync. This makes the monitor marginally better for casual gaming, as movement and animations seem smoother than on a typical 60 Hz display. If you’re gaming online or playing more competitively, you should choose a display with at least 144 Hz.

For those who are considering a multi-monitor setup, the ProArt PA248CNV also supports daisy-chaining up to four displays. One DisplayPort cable connects your desktop to your first monitor, and then you can run a cable directly out of that monitor to the next one. You can link up to four PA248CNV units together this way (though you can’t mix in other monitor models). This flexibility is great if your desktop has only one DisplayPort, and it can reduce the nest of cables coming from your PC.

Asus covers the PA248CNV with its Zero Bright Dot policy: The company will swap out your monitor if any stuck bright pixels appear on the display during the three-year warranty period. One of the best warranties in the industry, this policy helps guard against one of the most annoying monitor defects.

If you’ve been reading our other monitor guides lately, you might notice that this is the 24-inch version of the top pick in our guide to the best 27-inch monitors. Although many home-use displays under $500 have fallen short of their advertised color accuracy, contrast, and brightness in our tests, we’ve found that the ProArt line often lives up to its claims (or at least gets much closer than the competition). It also prioritizes features that are essential, such as USB-C charging for laptop owners and sturdy, adjustable stands.

We generally like this monitor and haven’t found issues with it. However, as we mention in our How we picked and tested section, if you’re planning on using this monitor as your main work display, you might want to consider a higher-resolution 27-inch monitor. (Our top pick in our guide to the best 27-inch monitors is just a larger, higher-resolution version of this same monitor.) On that kind of monitor, you have more screen space, and text is a bit sharper and easier to read. But if you’re already working on a 1080p laptop screen or monitor and satisfied with the image quality, that’s great! The Asus ProArt PA248CNV will be a quality replacement or upgrade.

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Monitor displays are commonly used peripheral output devices in computers. These peripheral devices are also called ‘display monitors’ or ‘monitors’ or ‘displays’. They display information to a computer user.[1] There are a few important reasons why practicing radiologists should have a working knowledge of monitor displays and these are described below.

Impact of digital imaging: Computers play an important role in contemporary radiology practice. Most radiology modalities today use monitor displays to aid analysis of images. Monitors have become integral components of digital radiography, USG, CT / MRI consoles and workstations, and PACS terminals.

Image chain: There is an image chain that radiologists need to be aware of while working on computers with monitor displays. At one end of the image chain is the modality. Here pixels, gray scale values, processing, postprocessing, and window level and width are important parameters that govern the appearance of any given image. In the middle of the image chain is the computer with its display controller, graphic cards, and look-up tables (LUT) memory, which influence the digital generation of an image. The human observer"s visual system is the final element of the image chain. Its performance is strongly affected by ambient light, environment, reflection, veiling glare, angular response, and visual acuity.

Shift in analysis model: In the traditional model of radiology practice, hardcopy images displayed on viewboxes were the first point of analysis. Today, in most instances, softcopy images displayed on monitors are the first point of analysis. As a result, key steps like viewing, analysis, processing, and postprocessing of softcopy images are executed directly at monitors of consoles, workstations, and office desktops.[2]

Heterogeneity of data: The data displayed on the monitors in a radiology department is heterogeneous. It is often a variable combination of monochrome and gray-scale and/or color images viewed alongside text, audio, and/or video.[3] In such circumstances, radiologists need to possess a working knowledge of important performance parameters like resolution, brightness, contrast ratio, and viewing angles.

Growth of RIS, PACS, and teleradiology: Image transfer across a variety of networks and radiology modalities is common practice these days. Images are increasingly being stored as part of a patient"s electronic medical records, to be analyzed as and when required; images are often transferred over departmental networks and to teleradiology workstations for analysis[3] In such a diverse set of locations, it is common to find different types of monitors used for displaying assorted types of data.

Original dataset: The American College of Radiology (ACR) has devised guidelines for monitor displays, based on the matrix size of the original digital image dataset. Monitors for small matrix datasets [typically sourced from CT, MRI, USG, nuclear medicine (NM), digital fluorography, and digital subtraction angiography (DSA)] have different performance guidelines as compared to monitors required for large matrix datasets [e.g., sourced from digital radiography (DR), computed radiography (CR), digitized films, and digital mammography][4]. The large matrix datasets require monitors with higher performance. As a rule of thumb, the resolution of the selected display system, ideally, should match the matrix of the image acquisition data.[4]

Image consistency: Each and every computer and its monitor at our workplace, handles gray-scale images in a different way. This is governed by factors such as acquisition parameters, application technique, graphics board, video board memory and processing, LUTs, and display signal processing. Therefore, there is a growing awareness of the need to maintain image consistency and gray-scale calibration across a broad variety of monitor displays.[5]

The global TFT-LCD display panel market attained a value of USD 148.3 billion in 2022. It is expected to grow further in the forecast period of 2023-2028 with a CAGR of 4.9% and is projected to reach a value of USD 197.6 billion by 2028.

The current global TFT-LCD display panel market is driven by the increasing demand for flat panel TVs, good quality smartphones, tablets, and vehicle monitoring systems along with the growing gaming industry. The global display market is dominated by the flat panel display with TFT-LCD display panel being the most popular flat panel type and is being driven by strong demand from emerging economies, especially those in Asia Pacific like India, China, Korea, and Taiwan, among others. The rising demand for consumer electronics like LCD TVs, PCs, laptops, SLR cameras, navigation equipment and others have been aiding the growth of the industry.

TFT-LCD display panel is a type of liquid crystal display where each pixel is attached to a thin film transistor. Since the early 2000s, all LCD computer screens are TFT as they have a better response time and improved colour quality. With favourable properties like being light weight, slim, high in resolution and low in power consumption, they are in high demand in almost all sectors where displays are needed. Even with their larger dimensions, TFT-LCD display panel are more feasible as they can be viewed from a wider angle, are not susceptible to reflection and are lighter weight than traditional CRT TVs.

The global TFT-LCD display panel market is being driven by the growing household demand for average and large-sized flat panel TVs as well as a growing demand for slim, high-resolution smart phones with large screens. The rising demand for portable and small-sized tablets in the educational and commercial sectors has also been aiding the TFT-LCD display panel market growth. Increasing demand for automotive displays, a growing gaming industry and the emerging popularity of 3D cinema, are all major drivers for the market. Despite the concerns about an over-supply in the market, the shipments of large TFT-LCD display panel again rose in 2020.

North America is the largest market for TFT-LCD display panel, with over one-third of the global share. It is followed closely by the Asia-Pacific region, where countries like India, China, Korea, and Taiwan are significant emerging market for TFT-LCD display panels. China and India are among the fastest growing markets in the region. The growth of the demand in these regions have been assisted by the growth in their economy, a rise in disposable incomes and an increasing demand for consumer electronics.

The report gives a detailed analysis of the following key players in the global TFT-LCD display panel Market, covering their competitive landscape, capacity, and latest developments like mergers, acquisitions, and investments, expansions of capacity, and plant turnarounds:

*At Expert Market Research, we strive to always give you current and accurate information. The numbers depicted in the description are indicative and may differ from the actual numbers in the final EMR report.

A medical display is a monitor that meets the high demands of medical imaging. Medical displays usually come with special image-enhancing technologies to ensure consistent brightness over the lifetime of the display, noise-free images, ergonomic reading and automated compliance with DICOM and other medical image quality standards.

Digital mammography images require the highest resolution and brightest displays for review. Higher brightness can contribute to a bigger chance of finding microcalcifications, which could indicate presence of breast cancer.

Displays for digital pathology are designed especially for image viewing in pathology. For example, they offer color spaces that are adapted to digital slides, or fast refresh rates for smooth and clear images during panning or zooming. They deliver consistent, detailed images and their image quality doesn’t degrade over the years.

Medical displays for radiology, mammography and pathology require an advanced display controller that can faultlessly process the large, highly detailed files that come with medical imaging. They can handle intensive, long-term use, and process large images correctly and with minimal delay. In these ways, they can support the medical professional’s workflow. Furthermore, advanced display controllers can support technologies to better detect small details and work faster.

In surgery, especially image-guided, it is vital that images are rendered instantly, with minimal delay. This ensures better hand-eye coordination for surgeons, because what they see on the screen matches what happens in real time.

Surgical displays range from near-patient monitors to large-screen OR displays. Most surgical displays can be mounted onto surgical arms or booms, with cables neatly hidden, and the screen is usually scratch-resistant. They can also allow for easy cleaning and disinfection.

A dental display is a high-bright, medical monitor designed for viewing of dental images, such as X-rays of teeth, bone, nerves, and soft tissue. With dental displays, subtle abnormalities or concealed anatomical structures in the oral and maxillofacial regions become more visible, compared to consumer displays. This makes it easier for dentists to detect dental pathologies. Dental displays come in various shapes and forms, from cleanable review displays to high-end displays designed specifically for dental diagnosis.

You don’t always need a high-resolution diagnostic display in a clinical environment. You might be looking for a display you can use for various non-diagnostic activities, such as enabling easy access for clinical staff to electronic medical records, or medical images. Clinical review displays help you making medical information available across an enterprise, reliably and with consistent image quality. They can offer additional functionalities for use in medical environment, such as cleanable design that can stand alcohol cleaning agents. All our clinical review displays are DICOM-compliant.

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Probability sampling refers to the selection of a sample from a population, when this selection is based on the principle of randomization, that is, random selection or chance. Probability sampling is more complex, more time-consuming and usually more costly than non-probability sampling. However, because units from the population are randomly selected and each unit’s selection probability can be calculated, reliable estimates can be produced and statistical inferences can be made about the population.

When choosing a probability sample design, the goal is to minimize the sampling error of the estimates for the most important survey variables, while simultaneously minimizing the time and cost of conducting the survey. Some operational constraints can also have an impact on that choice, such as characteristics of the survey frame.

In simple random sampling (SRS), each sampling unit of a population has an equal chance of being included in the sample. Consequently, each possible sample also has an equal chance of being selected. To select a simple random sample, you need to list all of the units in the survey population.

To draw a simple random sample from a telephone book, each entry would need to be numbered sequentially. If there were 10,000 entries in the telephone book and if the sample size was 2,000, then 2,000 numbers between 1 and 10,000 would need to be randomly generated by a computer. All numbers would have the same chance of being generated by the computer. The 2,000 telephone entries corresponding to the 2,000 computer-generated random numbers would make up the sample.

SRS can be done with or without replacement. An SRS with replacement means that there is a possibility that the sampled telephone entry may be selected twice or more. Usually, the SRS approach is conducted without replacement because it is more convenient and gives more precise results. In the rest of the text, SRS will be used to refer to SRS without replacement, unless stated otherwise.

SRS is the most commonly used method. The advantage of this technique is that it does not require any information on the survey frame other than the complete list of units of the survey population along with contact information. Also, since SRS is a simple method and the theory behind it is well established, standard formulas exist to determine the sample size, the estimates and so on, and these formulas are easy to use.

On the other hand, this technique necessitates a list of all units of the population. If such a list doesn’t already exist and the target population is large, it can be very expensive or unrealistic to create one. If a list already exists and includes auxiliary information on the units, then the SRS is not taking advantage of information that allows other methods to be more efficient (like stratified sampling, for example). If collection has to be made in-person, SRS could give a sample that is too spread out across multiple regions, which could increase costs and duration of the survey.

Imagine that you own a movie theatre and you are offering a special horror movie film festival next month. To decide which horror movies to show, you survey moviegoers to ask them which of the listed movies are their favorites. To create the list of movies needed for your survey, you decide to sample 10 of the 100 best horror movies of all time. One way of selecting a sample would be to write all of the movie titles on slips of paper and place them in an empty box. Then, draw out 10 titles and you will have your sample. By using this approach, you will have ensured that each movie had an equal probability of selection. You could even calculate this probability of selection by dividing the sample size (n=10) by the population size of the 100 best horror movies of all time (N=100). This probability would be 0.10 (10/100) or 1 in 10.

Determine the sampling interval (K) by dividing the number of units in the population by the desired sample size. For example, to select a sample of 100 from a population of 400, you would need a sampling interval of 400/100 = 4. Therefore, K = 4. You will need to select one unit out of every four units to end up with a total of 100 units in your sample.

Select a number between one and K at random. This number is called the random start and it would be the first number included in your sample. If you choose 3, the third unit on your frame would be the first unit included in your sample; if you choose 2, your sample would start with the second unit on your frame.

Select every Kth (in this case, every fourth) unit after that first number. For example, the sample might consist of the following units to make up a sample of 100: 3 (the random start), 7, 11, 15, 19 …395, 399 (up to N, which is 400 in this case).

Each member of the population belongs to only one of the four samples and each sample has the same chance of being selected. From that, we can see that each unit has a one in four chance of being selected in the sample. This is the same probability as if a simple random sample of 100 units was selected. The main difference is that with SRS, any combination of 100 units would have a chance of making up the sample, while with systematic sampling, there are only four possible samples. The units’ order on the frame will determine the possible samples for systematic sampling. If the population is randomly distributed on the frame, then systematic sampling should yield results that are similar to simple random sampling.

This method is often used in industry, where an item is selected for testing from a production line to ensure that machines and equipment are of a standard quality. For example, a tester in a manufacturing plant might perform a quality check on every 20th product in an assembly line. The tester might choose a random start between the numbers 1 and 20. This will determine the first product to be tested; every 20th product will be tested thereafter.

Interviewers can use this sampling technique when questioning people for a sample survey. The market researcher might select, for example, every 10th person who enters a particular store, after selecting the first person at random. The surveyor may interview the occupants of every fifth house on a street, after randomly selecting one of the first five houses.

The advantages of systematic sampling are that the sample selection cannot be easier: you only get one random number, the random start, and the rest of the sample automatically follows. The biggest drawback of the systematic sampling method is that if there is some periodical feature in the way the population is arranged on a list and that periodical feature coincides in some way with the sampling interval, the possible samples may not be representative of the population. This can be seen in the following example:

Suppose you run a large grocery store and have a list of the employees in each section. The grocery store is divided into the following 10 sections: deli counter, bakery, cashiers, stock, meat counter, produce, pharmacy, photo shop, flower shop and dry cleaning. Each section has 10 employees, including a manager (making 100 employees in total). Your list is ordered by section, with the manager listed first and then, the other employees by descending order of seniority.

If you wanted to survey your employees about their thoughts on their work environment, you might choose a small sample to answer your questions. If you use a systematic sampling approach and your sampling interval is 10, then you could end up selecting only managers or only the newest employees in each section. This type of sample would not give you a complete or appropriate picture of your employees’ thoughts.

Probability sampling requires that each member of the survey population has a known probability of being included in the sample, but it does not require that this probability be the same for everyone. If there is information available on the frame about the size of each unit (e.g. number of employees for each business) and if those units vary in size, this information can be used in the sampling selection in order to increase the efficiency. This is known as sampling with probability proportional to size (PPS). With this method, the bigger the size of the unit, the higher the chance of being included in the sample. For this method to bring increased efficiency, the measure of size needs to be accurate. This is a more complex sampling method that will not be discussed in further detail here.

When using stratified sampling, the population is divided into homogeneous, mutually exclusive groups called strata, and then independent samples are selected from each stratum. Any of the sampling methods mentioned in this section can be used to sample within each stratum. The sampling method can vary from one stratum to another. A population can be stratified by any variable for which a value is available for all units on the sampling frame prior to sampling (e.g. age, sex, province of residence, income).

Why create strata? There are many reasons, the main one being that it can make the sampling strategy more efficient. It was mentioned in the previous section that in order to an estimation of a certain precision, a larger sample size is needed for a characteristic that varies greatly from one unit to the other than for a characteristic with smaller variability. For example, if every person in a population had the same salary, then a sample of one individual would be enough to get a precise estimate of the average salary.

This is the idea behind the efficiency gain obtained with stratification. If you create strata within which units share similar characteristics and are considerably different from units in other strata then you would only need a small sample from each stratum to get a precise estimate of total income for that stratum. Then you could combine these estimates to get a precise estimate of total income for the whole population. If you were to use a SRS in the whole population without stratification, the sample would need to be larger than the total of all stratum samples sizes to get an estimate of total income with the same level of precision.

Another advantage is that stratified sampling ensures an adequate sample size for subgroups of interest in the population. When a population is stratified, each stratum becomes an independent population and a sample size is calculated for each of them.

Suppose you want to estimate how many high school students have part-time jobs at the national level and provincial level. If you were to select a simple random sample of 25,000 people from a list of all high school students in Canada (assuming such a list was available for selection), you would end up with just a little over 100 people from Prince Edward Island, since they account for less than 0.5% of the Canadian population. This sample would probably not be large enough for the kind of detailed analysis you were planning for. Stratifying your list by province and then determining a sample size needed in each province would allow you to get the required level of precision for Prince Edward Island and for each of the other provinces as well.

Sometimes it is too expensive to have a sample too spread out geographically. Travel costs can become expensive if interviewers have to survey people from one end of the country to the other. To reduce costs, statisticians may choose a cluster sampling technique.

Cluster sampling divides the population into groups or clusters. A number of clusters are selected randomly to represent the total population, and then all units within selected clusters are included in the sample. No units from non-selected clusters are included in the sample. They are represented by those from selected clusters. This differs from stratified sampling, where some units are selected from each stratum. Examples of clusters are factories, schools and geographic areas such as electoral subdivisions.

Suppose you are a representative from an athletic organization wishing to find out which sports Grade 11 (or secondary 4) students are participating in across Canada. It would be too costly and lengthy to survey every Canadian in Grade 11, or even a couple of students from every Grade 11 class in Canada. Instead, 100 schools are randomly selected from all over Canada. These 100 schools are the sampled clusters. Then all Grade 11 students in all 100 clusters are surveyed.

Cluster sample creates “pockets” of sampled units instead of spreading the sample over the whole territory, which allows for cost reduction in collection operations. Another reason to use cluster sampling is that sometimes a list of all units in the population is not available, while a list of all clusters is either available or easy to create.

In most cases, cluster sampling is less efficient than SRS. This is the main drawback of the method. For this reason, it is usually better to survey a large number of small clusters instead of a small number of large clusters. Why? Because neighbouring units tend to be more alike, resulting in a sample that does not represent the whole spectrum of opinions or situations present in the overall population. In the example 5, students in the same school tend to participate in the same types of sports, that is, those for which the facilities are available at their school.

Another drawback to cluster sampling is that you do not have total control over the final sample size. Since not all schools have the same number of Grade 11 students and you must interview every student in your sample, the final size may be larger or smaller than you expected.

Multi-stage sampling is like cluster sampling, except that it involves selecting a sample within each selected cluster, rather than including all units from the selected clusters. This type of sampling requires at least two stages. In the first stage, large clusters are identified and selected. In the second stage, units are selected from within the selected clusters using any of the probability sampling methods. In this context, the clusters are referred to as primary sampling units (PSU) and units within clusters are referred to as secondary sampling units (SSU). When there are more than two stages, tertiary sampling units (TSU) are selected within SSE, and the process continues until there is a final sample.

In Example 5, a cluster sample would choose 100 schools and then interview every Grade 11 student from those schools. Instead, you could select more schools, get a list of all Grade 11 students from these selected schools and select a random sample of Grade 11 students from each school. This would be a two-stage sampling design. Schools would be the PSU and students the SSU.

You could also get a list of all Grade 11 classes in the selected schools, pick a random sample of classes from each of those schools, get a list of all the students in the selected classes and finally select a random sample of students from each selected class. This would be a three-stage sampling design. Schools would be the PSU, classes would be the SSU and students would be the TSU. Each time a stage is added, the process becomes more complex.

Now imagine that each school has on average 80 Grade 11 students. Cluster sampling would then give your organization a sample of about 8,000 students (100 schools x 80 students). If you wanted a bigger sample, you could select schools with more students. For a smaller sample, you could select schools with fewer students. One way to control the sample size would be to stratify the schools into large, medium and small sizes (in terms of the number of Grade 11 students) and select a sample of schools from each stratum. This is called stratified cluster sampling.

As an alternative method, you could use a three-stage design. You would select a sample of 400 schools, then select two Grade 11 classes per school and finally, select 10 students per class. This way, you still end up with a sample of about 8,000 students (400 schools x 2 classes x 10 students), but the sample would be more spread out.

You can see from this example that with multistage sampling, you still have the benefit of a more concentrated sample for cost reduction. However, the sample is not as concentrated as cluster sampling and the sample size needed to obtain a given level of precision would still be bigger than for an SRS because the method is less efficient. Nonetheless, multistage sampling could still save a large amount of time and effort compared to SRS because you would not need to have a list of all Grade 11 students. All you would need is a list of the classes from the 400 schools and a list of the students from the 800 classes.

A multi-phase sample collects basic information from a large sample of units and then collects more detailed information for a subsample of these units. The most common form of multi-phase sampling is two-phase sampling (or double sampling), but three or more phases are also possible.

Multi-phase sampling is quite different from multistage sampling, despite the similarity of their names. Although multi-phase sampling also involves taking two or more samples, all samples are drawn from the same frame. Selection of a unit in the second phase is conditional to its selection in the first phase. A unit not selected in the first phase will not be part of the second-phase sample. Like for multistage sampling, the more phases used, the more complex the sample design and estimation.

Multi-phase sampling is useful when the sampling frame lacks auxiliary information that could be used to stratify the population or to screen out part of the population.

Suppose that an organization needs information about cattle farmers in Alberta, but the survey frame lists all types of farms—cattle, dairy, grain, hog, poultry and produce. To complicate matters, the survey frame does not provide any auxiliary information for the farms listed there.

A simple survey whose only question would be “Is part or all of your farm devoted to cattle farming?” could be conducted. With only one question, this survey should have a low cost per interview (especially if done by telephone) and, consequently, the organization should be able to draw a large sample. Once the first sample has been drawn, a second, smaller sample can be extracted from among the cattle farmers and more detailed questions asked of these farmers. Using this method, the organization avoids the expense of surveying units that are not in this specific scope (i.e. non-cattle farmers).

In the example 7, data collected in the first phase has been used to exclude units that are not part of the target population. In another context, this data could have been used to improve the efficiency of the second phase, by creating strata, for example. Multi-phase sampling can also be used to reduce response burden or when there are very different costs associated with different questions of a survey, as illustrated in the next example.

In a health survey, participants are asked some basic questions about their diet, smoking habits, exercise routines and alcohol consumption. In addition, the survey requires that respondents subject themselves to some direct physical tests, such as running on a treadmill or having their blood pressure and cholesterol levels measured.

Filling out questionnaires or interviewing participants are relatively inexpensive procedures, but the medical tests require the supervision and assistance of a trained health practitioner, as well as the use of an equipped laboratory, both of which can be quite costly. The best way to conduct this survey would be to use a two-phase sample approach. In the first phase, the interviews are performed on an appropriately sized sample. From this sample, a smaller sample is drawn. Only participants selected in the second sample would take part in the medical tests.

I have had this monitor for about two weeks now and thought it would be good to provide some info that I might have liked to have before buying it. Summary, great monitor, great value for money particularly at Cdn$689.

To put things in perspective, I use it for work type applications - programming, word processing. email, web browsing, photo editing, video editing and youtube watching. I am not a gamer, so I cant comment on its appropriateness for that.

1) Its hard to find out what video cards support 4k resolution. I ordered a ASUS GeForce GT 1030 2GB GDDR5 HDMI DVI Graphics Card (GT1030-2G-CSM) and it does do 4k 60Hz RGB 8 bit over HDMI for $120. Any GT 1030 should do. This one was nice because it is fanless which I prefer to keep noise levels down.

2) I also ended up getting a second card ASUS GeForce GT 710 1GB GDDR5 HDMI VGA DVI Graphics Card (GT710-SL-1GD5-BRK) for $60 to get additional monitor connections (I had an older card but Nvidea drivers don"t play nice with a combination of new and old cards). I tested the GT 710 with this monitor will do 4K 60Hz YCbCr420, so reduced color resolution. Good enough for video watching, but unless you already have this card, a sightly higher end card like a GT 1030 would be preferable.

3) The monitor supports HDR10. Windows seems to. If I reduce the frame rate to 29Hz the GT 1030 can output 12 bit video (?) but at 29Hz mouse movement is sluggish. If I throw windows into HDR mode, you do see the enhanced contrast, but it applies to everything - not just HDR media or applications designed for HDR. So for now, while its great that the monitor supports HDR10, Windows 10 does not seem to fully support it. Not a fault of the monitor! Maybe you would have better luck with a much higher end video card.

4) Color, contrast, brightness - excellent. Uniform over the monitor surface, other than around 1/8" at the edges which is slightly brighter. Not a problem though. I haven"t tried to color and contrast calibrate it yet, but the image is very close to a CRT monitor on my second video card which I use as a gold standard for photo editing. This monitor is bright! I have the brightness turned way down. It does have a strange behavior that when you change something like frame rate, the monitor brightens and then settles back down after a few seconds. No problem for me - I use one input always at the same frame rate. The matt/dull as opposed to shiny surface is is excellent for work applications. Great for watching videos too. 4k videos are stunning!

5) Connections, control. Multiple HDMI inputs - great feature, but I don"t use more than one connection so can comment on how well input options work. I do not use the USB connections either. Might be useful for plugging in a keyboard and mouse, but a bit awkward to get to behind the monitor. So not great for temporary connection like for a USB Flash stick There is a funny upside down joystick control at the bottom of the monitor. A bit awkward. Way better to use the supplied remote control to adjust things.

6) Speakers - OK and good enough for uses like video conferencing, hearing sound with videos etc, but like any speakers in the back of a monitor, cant compare to high-quality separate speakers driven by a good amp. If your use is for theater type applications or for boardroom applications, you might want extra speakers. I don"t fault the monitor for this - its intended use is a monitor, not a speaker!

7) The supplied stand - nice and solid. Bottom of the monitor is about 3.5 inches above the desk. Its a good height, but not adjustable. The Vesa mount interface is sunk into the back of the monitor so you would need a mount that does not exceed the Vesa specs in terms of size. This is probably a good feature because it would allow the monitor to be mounted very close to a wall.

8) Size and workflow: WOW - As other have pointed out, it takes a day or two to get used to, but I would never go back to a smaller one! My face is about 21 inches from the monitor surface. You do have to look left and right to see the edges and up and down for top to bottom, but way easier that two side by side monitors. The screen space is great! I find I size application windows to a size appropriate for the application. Some bigger than the height of a normal monitor, some less. It is wonderful to have multiple applications fully open when programming - Eclipse IDE, output windows, remote desktops on target machines etc. Or sorting and display windows for photography, or timeline and huge preview windows for video editing. I had looked at at the standard height but widescreen monitors, either flat or curved. I glad I didn"t go for the them. The enormous screen space of this monitor is unbeatable.