lcd panel layer thickness supplier

Display device technology and performance is advancing at a remarkable pace. The design and manufacture of Liquid Crystal and Light Emitting Diode Displays that include touch screen layers is very demanding. These display components and assemblies can be characterized with Bristol Instruments non-contact thickness gauges to sub-micron accuracy.

In both LCD and OLED displays, producing these cells – which are highly complex – is by far the most difficult element of the production process. Indeed, the complexity of these cells, combined with the levels of investment needed to achieve expertise in their production, explains why there are less than 30 companies in the whole world that can produce them. China, for instance, has invested more than 300 billion yuan (approximately $45 billion USD) in just one of these companies – BOE – over the past 14 years.

Panox Display has been involved in the display industry for many years and has built strong and long-term partner relationships with many of the biggest OLED and LCD panel manufacturers. As a result, we are able to offer our clients guaranteed access to display products from the biggest manufacturers.

LG Display was, until 2021, the No. 1 display panel manufacturer in the world. Owned by LG Group and headquartered in Seoul, South Korea, it has R&D, production, and trade institutions in China, Japan, South Korea, the United States, and Europe.

Founded in 2001, AUO – or AU Optronics – is the world’s leading TFT-LCD panel manufacturer (with a 16% market share) that designs, develops, and manufactures the world’s top three liquid crystal displays. With panels ranging from as small as 1.5 inches to 46 inches, it boasts one of the world"s few large-, medium -and small-sized product lines.

AUO offers advanced display integration solutions with innovative technologies, including 4K2K ultra-high resolution, 3D, ultra-thin, narrow bezel, transparent display, LTPS, OLED, and touch solutions. AOU has the most complete generation production line, ranging from 3.5G to 8.5G, offering panel products for a variety of LCD applications in a range of sizes, from as small as 1.2 inches to 71 inches.

Now Sharp is still top 10 TV brands all over the world. Just like BOE, Sharp produce LCDs in all kinds of size. Including small LCD (3.5 inch~9.1 inch), medium LCD (10.1 ~27 inch), large LCD (31.5~110 inch). Sharp LCD has been used on Iphone series for a long time.

Beside those current LCDs, the industrial LCD of Sharp is also excellent and widely used in public facilities, factories, and vehicles. The Sharp industrial LCD, just means solid, high brightness, super long working time, highest stability.

Since its establishment, Truly Semiconductors has focused on researching, developing, and manufacturing liquid crystal flat panel displays. Now, after twenty years of development, it is the biggest small- and medium-sized flat panel display manufacturer in China.

Truly’s factory in Shanwei City is enormous, covering an area of 1 million square meters, with a net housing area of more than 100,000 square meters. It includes five LCD production lines, one OLED production line, three touch screen production lines, and several COG, LCM, MDS, CCM, TAB, and SMT production lines.

Its world-class production lines produce LCD displays, liquid crystal display modules (LCMs), OLED displays, resistive and capacitive touch screens (touch panels), micro camera modules (CCMs), and GPS receiving modules, with such products widely used in the smartphone, automobile, and medical industries. The LCD products it offers include TFT, TN, Color TN with Black Mark (TN type LCD display for onboard machines), STN, FSTN, 65K color, and 262K color or above CSTN, COG, COF, and TAB modules.

In its early days, Innolux attached great importance to researching and developing new products. Mobile phones, portable and mounted DVD players, digital cameras, games consoles, PDA LCDs, and other star products were put into mass production and quickly captured the market, winning the company considerable market share.

Looking forward to the future, the group of photoelectric will continue to deep LCD display field, is committed to the development of plane display core technology, make good use of global operations mechanism and depth of division of labor, promise customers high-quality products and services, become the world"s top display system suppliers, in 2006 in the global mobile phone color display market leader, become "Foxconn technology" future sustained rapid growth of the engine.

Founded in June 1998, Hannstar specializes in producing thin-film transistor liquid crystal display panels, mainly for use in monitors, notebook displays and televisions. It was the first company in Taiwan to adopt the world’s top ultra-wide perspective technology (AS-IPS).

The company has three LCD factories and one LCM factory. It has acquired state-of-the-art TFT-LCD manufacturing technology, which enables it to achieve the highest efficiency in the mass production of thin-film transistor liquid crystal display production technology. Its customers include many of the biggest and most well-known electronics companies and computer manufacturers in Taiwan and overseas.

TCL CSOT – short for TCL China Star Optoelectronics Technology (TCL CSOT) – was founded in 2009 and is an innovative technology enterprise that focuses on the production of semiconductor displays. As one of the global leaders in semiconductor display market, it has bases in Shenzhen, Wuhan, Huizhou, Suzhou, Guangzhou, and India, with nine panel production lines and five large modules bases.

TCL CSOT actively produces Mini LED, Micro LED, flexible OLED, printing OLED, and other new display technologies. Its product range is vast – including large, medium, and small panels and touch modules, electronic whiteboards, splicing walls, automotive displays, gaming monitors, and other high-end display application fields – which has enabled it to become a leading player in the global panel industry.

In the first quarter of 2022, TCL CSOT’s TV panels ranked second in the market, 55 inches, 65 " and 75 inches second, 8K, 120Hz first, the first, interactive whiteboard and digital sign plate; LTPS flat panel, the second, LTPS and flexible OLED fourth.

EDO (also known as EverDisplay Optonics) was founded in October 2012 and focuses on the production of small- and medium-sized high-resolution AMOLED semiconductor display panels.

Tianma Microelectronics was founded in 1983 and listed on the Shenzhen Stock Exchange in 1995. It is a high-tech enterprise specializing in the production of liquid crystal displays (LCD) and liquid crystal display modules (LCM).

After more than 30 years of development, it has grown into a large publicly listed company integrating LCD research and development, design, production, sales, and servicing. Over the years, it has expanded by investing in the construction of STN-LCD, CSTN-LCD, TFT-LCD and CF production lines and module factories across China (with locations in Shenzhen, Shanghai, Chengdu, Wuhan and Xiamen), as well R&D centers and offices in Europe, Japan, South Korea and the United States.

The company"s marketing network is all over the world, and its products are widely used in mobile phones, MP3/MP4 players, vehicle displays, instrumentation, household appliances, and other fields. In terms of technical level, product quality, product grade, and market share, it ranks at the forefront of the domestic industry and has become a leading enterprise in the field of small- and medium-sized displays.

JDI (Japan Display Inc.) was established on November 15, 2011, as a joint venture between the Industrial Innovation Corporation, Sony, Hitachi, and Toshiba. It is dedicated to the production and development of small-sized displays. It mainly produces small- and medium-sized LCD display panels for use in the automotive, medical, and industrial fields, as well as personal devices including smartphones, tablets, and wearables.

Although Sony’s TVs use display panels from TCL CSOT (VA panel), Samsung. Sony still produces the world’s best micro-OLED display panels. Sony has many micro OLED model such as 0.23 inch, 0.39 inch, 0.5 inch, 0.64 inch, 0.68 inch, 0.71 inch. Panox Display used to test and sell many of them, compare to other micro OLED manufacuturers, Sony`s micro OLEDs are with the best image quality and highest brightness (3000 nits max).

One of the advantages of designing a custom display is the ability to reduce your LCD display’s thickness by selecting a thin ITO glass; which is key to a thin LCD module.

The structure of the LCD is very basic, but a special glass called ITO glass is used in constructing the display. Three sides of the ITO glass are glued together with an adhesive or epoxy. Both the ITO glass and the nematic fluid used are transparent. There is a small gap of one or two millimeters between the top and bottom layer of glass. A nematic fluid is then injected between the layers. Finally, a cap is placed on the fourth side to keep the fluid from leaking out.

A polarizer is applied on both the top and bottom layer of glass. The polarizer on the top layer is always Transmissive, whereas the bottom layer can be Reflective, Transflective or Transmissive. For more details on the different types of polarizers, please read our article: LCD Polarizers.

ITO glass can be cut to custom dimensions, but smaller sized glass can add a significant cost increase to the overall cost of the LCD. The reason for the increased cost is the amount of labor and time required to add a polarizer to the small piece of glass.

Many times customers require the display to be as thin as possible; one method to achieve a thin LCD module is to select a thinner ITO glass. Keep in mind that the thinner the glass, the more expensive and the higher the fallout rate.

Note:Fallout rate does not mean failures of the LCD’s in the field; fallout is when the display fails on the manufacturing line. If the display fails in production, it is discarded before it is shipped to the customer.Once the display passes QA (Quality Assurance) it will operate normally for the life of the product.

It is possible to add a backlight to the monochrome display to make the display readable in low or no light conditions. The challenge of adding a LED backlight is that it increases the thickness of the LCD by as much as 5mm to 9mm.

In the photo above, a segmented LCD is combined with a LED backlight and backlight diffuser. A printed circuit board (PCB) is used to hold the assembly together. As the backlights name suggests, a light is placed behind the bottom layer of ITO glass.

Note: A backlight diffuser’s job function is similar to the lamp shade used on a table lamp. It disperses the light from each led to provide a more uniform appearance. Without the diffuser, there would be hot and cold spots on the display. A hot spot is where the backlight is too close to the LCD glass and it is overly bright; the area around the hot spot is dimmer and is referred to as a ‘cold spot’.

There are four methods to reduce the thickness of the LCD display/backlight combination; thereby creating a thin LCD module. However, these solutions do not apply to TFTs, VFDs, LEDs or OLEDs (Organic Light Emitting Diodes).

In the integration the backlight is sandwiched between the LCD and PCB. The LCD’s leads (pins) are then soldered to the PCB securely holding the backlight in place. This helps to create a thin LCD module.

Advantages of a PCB mounted LED backlight:The PCB combines the backlight and the LCD; this is great in applications that operating in environments of heavy vibration.

It is possible to build the PCB with only one or two layers to reduce the thickness, but current design practices call for a separate plane for power and ground. Also, a thinner board may not be as strong.

Another way to combine the LCD and the LED backlight is to use either a plastic clip to bind them together, or to use an epoxy or adhesive. There are advantages and disadvantages to both, but we suggest the plastic clip solution.

This method requires a one-time tooling fee to design and prototype a small, flexible plastic clip that holds the backlight and display together. The clip only adds a few pennies to the overall cost of the LCD combination.

This method is accomplished without any tooling cost and only adds a penny or two to the overall cost of the LCD assembly, but we do not recommend this approach.

An edge-lit display means that the LEDs are not placed behind the bottom layer of glass, but along the edge between the two layers of glass. This alone helps to create a thin LCD module.

Disadvantages to an Edge-lit display:One of the Challenges of this solution is that it increases the size of the overall display in the X and Y directions (Length and Width). Which means the sides of backlight will stick out beyond the LCD.

Side-lit displays work well for smaller size LCDs, but create hot spots around the edges if the display is too large. This is more evident with a white LED edge-lit; since white LEDs are much brighter than other colors and sometimes need to be dimmed to reduce their starkness.

EL backlights are AC (Alternating Current) driven, this requires an inverter either on the LCD or on the customers’ board. Inverters add extra cost and labor.

LEDs are DC (Direct Current) driven and do not require an inverter. Many times the voltage for the LED backlight is the same as for the LCD which means one less power supply is required.

Spherical particles used to control the thickness of the liquid crystal layer must meet stringent requirements such as precise particle size, tight particle size distribution, suitable hardness, and excellent resistance against heat, cold and chemicals.

a line of extreme and ultra-narrow bezel LCD displays that provides a video wall solution for demanding requirements of 24x7 mission-critical applications and high ambient light environments

Purchasing an LCD monitor can be a difficult task at the best of times. Knowledgeable buyers have to consider many aspects of their future screen, not just basing a decision on price and marketing hype. Of course decisions are ultimately driven by a buyers budget, but one must always consider the things which will make the screen suitable to their uses, which are where technologies, features, connections and design come into play. Panel technology is not always discussed by manufacturers but is one of the most important aspects to consider when buying a new screen as it will tell you a lot about the real-life performance you can expect from the display, and ensure you are buying a screen suitable for your requirements. Fortunately we are here to help and you can read our in depth panel technologies article to help you in your quest.

One thing which many buyers will be unaware of is that all LCD displays are supplied with a protective filter layer on the front of the panel itself. This coating is used to protect the panel from damage, filter and diffuse the light output and in many cases reduce glare from other light sources in your workspace. What is also tricky to understand is that different panels can have different types of coating, varying considerably by panel technology and manufacturers. This article is designed to help highlight some of those differences so that readers can make an informed decision about their next monitor purchase.

The most common type of protective coating is ‘Anti-Glare’ (AG). This is often described as a matte coating as it is non-reflective to the user since it diffuses rather than reflects ambient light. It provides a method for manufacturers to avoid glare on the viewing surface from other light sources and has been used in the LCD monitor market for many years since the first TFT displays started to emerge.

This matte coating is included as an outer polarizing later which has been coarsened by mechanical or chemical processes. This achieves a surface coating which is not smooth and so can diffuse ambient light rather than reflect it. What is particularly important to understand is that this AG coating can be applied to panels with varying thicknesses, which has an impact on the anti-glare properties, but also on the underlying image of the screen. Where the coating is particularly thick and aggressive, the image from the screen can deteriorate as the light being emitted is also affected. This can have some impact on contrast and colour vibrancy and the perceived image can sometimes look dull as a result. Sharpness degradation can also occur in some extreme cases where AG coating is too thick. Users may also sometimes see the graininess of the coating, particularly when viewing white or light backgrounds. This can be particularly distracting for office work and images can look grainy or dirty if the coating is too aggressive. I would point out that not everyone would even notice this at all, and many users are perfectly happy with their screens even where aggressive AG is used. It’s just something to be wary of in case you have found problems with image quality in the past or are susceptible to it.

Some users have even taken matters into their own hands and removed the AG coating from their screens to produce a glossy surface. This will of course void your warranty and should be done with caution and entirely at the users risk. We mention it here as the above images are a good demonstration of the aggressive coating applied to the screen in some cases. You can see from the top picture the film being peeled off to leave a glossy reflective surface underneath. The second image is of course exaggerated quite a lot but you can see how the image is affected when the photograph is taken with the AG coating in front, on the right hand side. Of course this is far less obvious when the coating is in contact with the surface of the screen but it’s a fairly good demonstration of the coating being used in some cases (note, these were taken from an LG.Display IPS panel on the Dell U2312HM).

It is important to realise that different manufacturers tend to use different levels of AG coating, often linked to the panel technology they are developing. See our following sections for more information about specific panel manufacturers and technologies.

As an alternative some manufacturers choose to supply their screens with a glossy screen surface. This gives somewhat of a “wow factor” when you first see the screen and has often been used by manufacturers like Apple for their screens and tablets. The glossy panel coating is sometimes combined with a glass protective layer to give a hard exterior surface to the display and to emphasise that overall glossy appearance.

Where glass coatings are applied as an additional protective layer buyers should also be aware that there is sometimes the risk of trapped dust or particles behind the glass which can become an annoyance over time. Some screens are completely free from this, but it’s just something to be aware of (e.g. dust issues were found on some Hazro’s HZ27WA/C/D screens where glass layers were used). Glass layers are also often provided on touch-screen displays for that added level of protection.

Glossy screen coatings have been offered over the years in several forms including older models featuring Sony X-Black, Acer CrystalBrite and NEC OptiClear technologies. Apple have used glossy coatings on their Cinema Displays for many years and in fact a lot of the modern glossy offerings are based on IPS panels. More recently other manufacturers like Hazro (HZ27WA/C/D) and DGM (IPS-2701WPH) have produced screens based on the 27” glossy IPS panels available. Samsung have also released their first glossy PLS panel in the Samsung S27B970D.

As we’ve already mentioned, the type of coating applied to a panel is very dependent on the manufacturer and the technology being used. Trends have emerged over the years and here is a summary of the typical coating usage from different panel solutions:

LG.Display IPS – These panels are often criticised for their aggressive AG coating. Where AG is used it is normally very aggressive and some people find the images are too grainy or dirty looking. As an example the Dell UltraSharp series (U2410, U2412M, U2711, U3011) are all using aggressive AG coating on their IPS panels. Some IPS panels are provided with a glossy screen coating as an alternative which avoids issues with grainy coating, but can result in distracting reflections.

AU Optronics AMVA – Modern versions of these panels are provided with a light AG coating which is sometimes referred to as semi-gloss. It is not overly grainy or obtrusive.

Samsung PLS – early versions of the panels were provided with a light AG coating, similar to that of AMVA panels although not quite as low haze. It was not overly grainy or distracting. More recently PLS panels have also been supplied with a glass glossy coating. The technology is in its infancy and so it is hard to establish a future trend.

TN Film panels – these are nearly always provided with AG coating although some glossy models have been produced from time to time. Coating tends to vary but is normally considered to be ‘medium’ in terms of its aggressiveness. Not as aggressive as the IPS panels, but not “semi-gloss” like AMVA offerings.

Above is a comparison of macro images taken of varying panel types. This was designed to capture the structure of the panel at a pixel level but can also be used to demonstrate the coating type being used and the resulting image clarity. You will see that the aggressive AG coating of the IPS panels leads to a blurry and grainy image, but the glossy equivalent leaves a clear and crisp view of the underlying pixels. TN Film is a medium AG coating and while not as aggressive as the IPS AG coating, it can lead to noticeable graininess in some cases. AMVA has a light AG coating and as you can see does not deteriorate the image quality too much.

This hopefully gives you a summary of the common types of coating used on the main panel technologies in the market. Of course there are always variations and so we will try to discuss the coatings in our reviews so you have an idea.

One of the industry’s leading oxide panel makers selected Astra Glass as its backplane glass substrate because it has the inherent fidelity to thrive in high-temperature oxide-TFT glass fabrication for immersive high-performance displays.

One of the industry’s leading oxide panel makers selected Astra Glass as its backplane glass substrate because it has the inherent fidelity to thrive in high-temperature oxide-TFT glass fabrication for immersive high-performance displays.

The BiDi Screen is assembled by modifying a commercial off-the-shelf LCD screen. This page describes the process of disassembing a Sceptre X20WG-NagaII 20.1 inch LCD panel, and removing the diffusing polarizer layer. This is a destructive process that will irreversably damage your display.

Remove the cover from the screen driver electronics.(Three screws). You will not be able to fully remove this cover until you complete the next two step. Note that the power and control panel wires can be slipped through the cover without removing them from the video driver board.

Remove the video driver board from the metal backing by shifting it and bending up the metal clips holding it down. Take care not to break the delicate connections in the four ribon cables connecting it to the LCD panel

Peel up the diffusing polarizer layer which is affixed to the front of the screen with adhesive. It helps to have a razor or sharp knife to pry up one corner of the polarizer. Once started, it will peel back like a sticker.

Remove the adhesiveusing a solvent such as paint thinner or acetone, and soft cloth. Do not get the solvent on the electronics. This will be a time consuming step, taking up to three hours. Other LCDs we have disassembled have had less sticky adhesives that remain attached to the polarizer.

:This award is granted for a novel component that significantly enhanced the performance of a display. A component is sold as a separate part destined to be incorporated into a display. A component may also include display-enhancing materials and/or parts fabricated with new processes, or display test equipment. Note: Display panels or modules should be nominated in the Display of the Year category rather than in the component category. Download here.

Eco2 OLED is a technology that removes the polarizer, which is used to reduce the reflection of external light and integrates its functionality into the OLED panel layer. The Eco2OLED display is eco-friendly by reducing the use of plastics. The technology improves energy efficiency and reduces power consumption.

compared with traditional leds, minileds have smaller particle size and higher brightness, which can bring better display effects to the lcd with a miniled back­light unit. meanwhile, it is more energy-efficient and supports accurate local dim­ming to avoid the uniformity problem that occurs with led backlight units. the active-matrix (am) driving glass substrate technology adopted by the chip-on-glass (cog) miniled backlight unit from boe is based on semiconductor technology and uses a glass substrate through boe’s lateral processing technology. glass is more suitable for making led backlight arrays with dense arrange­ment and heat concentration. the miniled unit is directly bonded to the glass substrate to realize the high-speed transfer of the led chips and can realize precise, independent dimming control of the back­light unit.

The xQDEF Diffuser Plate brings together the color and brightness performance of QDEF quantum-dot (QD) technology with the precise light diffusion necessary for perfect contrast levels in miniLED and full-array local-dimming LCDs. As a direct replacement for diffuser plate components in direct-lit LCDs, the xQDEF Diffuser Plate simplifies the display assembly process, allowing display makers to design and build the most cost-effective displays with the widest color gamut. Compared with other wide color gamut solutions, the xQDEF Diffuser Plate implementation results in close to no additional material costs. By the end of 2021, more than a million TVs with xQDEF Diffuser Plates inside shipped into the market.

With its 32‐inch LCD panel, 6K Retina resolution, and over 20 million pixels, Apple Pro Display XDR (Fig . 1) sets a new bar for the capabilities of a professional display. Designed for pro users who rely on color accuracy and true‐to‐life image reproduction, such as photographers, video editors, 3D animators, and colorists, Pro Display XDR delivers the most comprehensive set of features ever offered on a display in its price range.

Here"s how Pro Display XDR is engineered to produce industry‐leading imagery: Traditional LCD displays use edge‐lit backlight technology to diffuse light evenly across the display at the same brightness level. Instead, Pro Display XDR uses a locally dimmed backlight with 576 individual LEDs, controlled by an advanced algorithm in the timing controller chip. As a result, the display can exhibit incredibly bright, color‐accurate image areas and deep blacks simultaneously, delivering its 1,000,000:1 contrast ratio and up to 1600 nits peak brightness. An advanced thermal management system supports the display to maintain peak brightness indefinitely in environments up to 25° C. With these features, Pro Display XDR introduces Extreme Dynamic Range (XDR), far outperforming typical HDR brightness specifications for desktop displays and enabling pros to work with true‐to‐life content.

Pro Display XDR also incorporates several innovations to optimize image quality compared to traditional LCD displays. First, to minimize “blooming,” a halo effect surrounding bright objects on dark backgrounds, an Apple‐designed cavity reflector is layered on top of the LEDs and optimized geometrically. Along with several additional custom lenses and reflective layers, it directs the light upward while reducing halo effects and preserving light uniformity.

The display industry has experimented with various technologies to better reflect natural images and a wide range of colors on screens, and with the emergence of LED local dimming and HDR, display performance has substantially improved. However, traditional LCD screens’ brightness has long been considered relatively high in low grayscale. In other words, it isn"t black enough, and it"s difficult to use local image technology to differentiate the sense of depth with a high‐contrast ratio.

As a breakthrough in thin‐film transistor (TFT)‐LCD technology, BOE"s dual‐cell panel (Fig . 2) — referred to as “BD Cell” for short—offers several important technical advancements that conventional LCD screens don"t. The display uses pixel‐level ultra‐fine backlight control technology and a brand‐new integrated circuit (IC) driving technology to make the million‐level contrast ratio rate and 12 bits’ color depth come true, accurately displaying more natural and true‐to‐life colors.

The contrast ratio of a conventional LCD screen is 3,000:1 with 0.2 nits as the lowest brightness. The BD Cell"s screen is capable of raising the contrast ratio up to 150,000:1 and decreasing brightness to 0.003 nit. In terms of combining LED local dimming with BD Cell technology, the contrast ratio can be as high as 2,000,000:1. Moreover, while a conventional LCD screen"s color depth is 8 bit, BD Cell is capable of boosting the color depth as high as 12 bit with an enhanced IC driving algorithm. On the other hand, BD Cell incorporates advantages of an LCD screen"s stableness and technological maturity, with no image sticking.

In the end, “the successful development of BD Cell substantially increases the lifespan and the competitiveness of LCD technology, bringing a better visual experience to consumers and more possibilities for the entire display industrial chain,” says Feng Yuan, vice president of BOE Technology Group.

To achieve those specifications, Samsung has developed highly effective electroluminescent material and highly durable components. To make an inward foldable display with a bending radius of 1.5 millimeters (mm), all the layers within the panel should be folded without causing any cracks. As a result, the foldable display employs a cover window made of flexible, hardened plastic. Samsung says that it successfully reduced the thickness by more than 50 percent by taking advantage of materials that enable ultra‐thin layers. Furthermore, the stress of various layers (including the TFT, light‐emitting layers, polarizing plate, and cover window) is appropriately dispersed, allowing the product to pass a strict bending test more than 200,000 cycles.

Nonvibrating surface haptic technology introduces new options for automotive manufacturers to reimagine the vehicle"s interior design and feel. Car manufacturers can create a uniform or harmonious touch experience across multiple surfaces—not just the display screen, but also the steering wheel, exterior door handle, and even upholstery. According to Tanvas, automotive manufacturers can implement its technology with a combination of a proprietary controller solution (which performs multitouch sensing and haptic control), supplied in various forms (including as an IC or as a module), and transform the multitouch sensor panel to a combined multitouch and haptic actuator for any surface.

Although quantum dot (QD) technology realizes a high color gamut for LCD, most QD materials are cadmium (Cd)‐based, raising concerns about their potential toxicity: Exposure to cadmium has been connected to cancer and other serious health issues, as well as environmental harms. As a result, Cd‐based QD materials are not widely accepted in the display market, and the industry has shifted its focus to finding nontoxic alternatives. Still, Cd‐free QD materials can bring their own challenges, including issues with low luminance and color purity.

Because one of Toray"s core offerings is organic emitting materials with high color purity for organic EL devices, the company wondered if they might be useful for a high color gamut LCD and began developing the SCO sheet (Fig . 6). In the beginning, the biggest issue with the organic emitting materials was their lifetime. However, Toray ultimately achieved a lifetime 1,400 times longer compared to the initial development stage.

According to the company, their SCO sheet is especially innovative for a few reasons. First, the high color purity of Toray"s organic emitting material is based on a full width at half maximum (FWHM) parameter that"s much narrower than any other organic emitting materials so far developed. So by using the SCO sheet, a high color gamut LCD can be realized. In particular, the sheet can cover both Digital Cinema Initiatives (DCI)‐P3 and Adobe specifications.

Second, Toray says its original organic emitting material has a higher quantum efficiency than that of non‐Cd QDs. Therefore, an approximately 10 percent higher luminance can be realized with the sheet than with non‐Cd QDs. For that reason, the SCO sheet can contribute to lower power consumption of the LCD panel.

Because Toray"s SCO sheet is free of toxic elements, it"s not restricted by various environmental regulations, including the European Unions’ Restriction of Hazardous Substances (RoHS) Directive. Finally, with the sheet, more than 99 percent of DCI and more than 99 percent of Adobe coverage can be achieved in one LCD panel. (According to the company, non‐Cd QDs can"t say the same.) Recently, in the PC monitor market, there has been a strong demand for compatibility of DCI and Adobe in one PC monitor. Toray believes that with the SCO sheet, it will be able to develop a new PC monitor market.

Although OLED is a well‐known way to apply organic electronics materials to the display industry, this is the first instance of applying organic emitting materials to the LCD industry, an achievement that expands the possibilities of organic electronics materials.

A 7‐inch OLED was selected for the virtual exterior mirror. In early test drives, Senner notes, Audi realized that the limited contrast of an LCD and especially the slow response time in low temperatures was a significant issue. “So it became clear very early, that we have to use an OLED display for this application, because with the dark black and the temperature, independent fast switching‐time OLED is the best solution,” he says.

The camera is integrated into the hexagonal end of the virtual mirror"s flat supports and its images are digitally processed and displayed on high‐contrast, 1,280 × 800‐pixel OLED displays in the transition between the instrument panel and door.

There are two main competing display technologies in the market today: LCD and OLED. The mature and dominant technology is the Liquid Crystal Display (LCD), while the up-and-coming challenger is the Organic Light Emitting Diode Display (OLED display). The main difference between LCD and OLED displays is how they create the light and the colors of the image being displayed. This leads to application dependent strengths and weaknesses of either technology.

OLEDs operate via a solid-state technology, where the individual pixels can emit light in various colors and intensity without the need for an additional light source or color filter. The light-emitting portion of an OLED display is comprised of multiple layers of very specific organic semiconductor materials which can be adjusted to emit light in specific wavelengths. These organic layers have a typical thickness in the order of 100nm. In addition, no backlight is required, allowing for a very thin display module.

The organic layers beginning on the cathode side of the device consist of several electron transport layers, a recombination layer and end with a hole transport layer on the anode side. The electron transport layers in the OLED stack-up allow movement of electrons from the cathode toward holes supplied from the anode. The electrons and holes recombine in the emissive recombination layer of the film stack-up. This recombination relaxes the energy levels of the electrons, which produces an emission of light. The wavelength of the emitted light is dependent on the chemical composition of the organic materials used in the recombination layer. The intensity of the light is controlled by the amount of current flowing through the OLED’s organic layers. In OLEDs, the individual pixels can emit red, green, or blue light, or – alternatively – they emit white light, which must then pass through color filters.

In LCD display technology, the individual pixels modulate light. An applied voltage changes the orientation of liquid crystal molecules that – in conjunction with a pair of polarizers – function as a light shutter by either blocking or allowing light to pass through. LCD displays, therefore, require an additional light source, either from reflected ambient light or more commonly from a “backlight” (an array of LEDs arranged behind or next to the LCD panel). LCD color can be created by adding color filters to the individual pixels. Because OLED displays don’t require the additional backlight, polarizers, or color filter components of an LCD module, they can be made much thinner than LCD displays of equivalent size and resolution.

OLED display technology can offer power-saving advantages over LCDs, which is important, especially for battery-powered applications such as mobile phones. An OLED’s power consumption will vary with image content and brightness, as light is generated only at the individual pixels needed to display the image. A dark image or a graphic on a black background will consume much less power than bright images or graphics. In contrast, LCD backlights must be ON while the display operates. It’s possible to control individual zones of the backlight separately to save power, but this added complexity is usually only applied in larger displays.

OLEDs can achieve a much higher contrast ratio if reflections from the front surface are carefully controlled. If no current flows through an OLED pixel, it does not emit any light. In contrast the shutter effect of an LCD pixel does not block 100% of the light. Depending on the specific LCD technology used and the angle of observation, a small percentage of the light generated in the backlight can escape. This can wash out dark areas of an image. It is possible but expensive to limit this light leakage to a point where the contrast of an LCD and OLED display become perceptually equivalent.

RGB OLEDs naturally generate a narrow bandwidth of light. This leads to very saturated primary colors and a wide color gamut. This enables OLED technology to display colors which are not easily accessible to LCDs unless RGB backlights or quantum dots are used. Often OLED colors are used “as is”, however, for very high image color fidelity, such high color saturation needs to be electronically ‘tuned down’, to match the color bandwidth of the rendering chain.

LCDs offer an advantage over OLEDs in applications where a continuous static image is required. The light emitting materials in OLEDs are affected by luminance decay as a function of the total amount of current that has passed through the pixel. This decay differs for red, green and blue. The dimming effect is subtle, but when adjacent pixels are illuminated at the same time it can become noticeable as an undesired brightness variation or color shift. LCDs don’t suffer from this dimming effect, which makes them a more suitable solution for applications with static images or images with static elements.

Another advantage of LCD technology is the wide variety of different variations to choose from. Depending on the application certain trade-offs can be very attractive. An example is much lower cost for a laptop display compared to a tablet. This is achieved by allowing poor image performance when viewed from the direction the is usually blocked by the keyboard. In a tablet where good viewing performance is required from any direction, much higher cost LCDs or OLEDs must be used.

They can be used to replace old TN LCDs or add dynamic push buttons on industrial equipment. They can be customized to various resolutions, FPC configurations, colors, custom shaped OLED displays (e.g. octagonal, round, etc.) and can even be made into flexible and transparent displays. Thanks to their versatility, OLED display panel suppliers can offer some exciting capabilities for their customers – things that were previously impossible with LCDs.

As an experienced LCD and OLED panel supplier, New Vision Display can help you find the right technology for your application. Contact us via the below form to discuss your project.

Barco"s video wall display solutions are always the highest quality available on the market. Available in different technologies (LCD, LED rear-projection and RGB laser rear-projection), sizes and resolutions, our portfolio always contains the perfect solution for your application. Our dedicated software and a range of professional services make sure you get the most out of your video wall.

A video wall (also known as display wall) is a large visualization surface consisting of multiple displays. Originally, they consisted of multiple televisions or monitors that were put closely together. The objective was to make it seem as one large display surface. The problem however was the large frame (or bezel) that surrounded the useful display surface of each television. This completely tore down the effect of a single canvas and ruined the visual performance. Therefore, new technologies were introduced to minimize the ‘dead pixel space’ between the different displays. Today’s display wall solutions are generally using tiled LCD panels, rear-projection cubes, or direct LED tiles.

An LCD video wall consists of multiple specifically designed LCD displays. Contrary to the panels used in television sets, these LCD displays have a very narrow bezel. This minimizes the gap between the panels, making it look like one big canvas. Over the years, this gap has gradually decreased. Today, Barco UniSee has the smallest gap in the industry.

LCD video walls are designed for long term and intensive use, often playing in a 24/7 mode — which means they are rarely switched off. Specific measures to prevent burn-in effects are applied to allow them to play for many years, in optimal conditions.

The traditional benefits of LCD video wall solutions include the high brightness, good image quality, and relatively low cost. Also the limited real estate space needed is a plus. The disadvantages are the risk for burn-in and the lower lifetime. Recent models however have successfully reduced these drawbacks.

Typical markets for LCD display walls include meeting and crisis rooms, lobbies, and experience centers. You can also find them in the control rooms of traffic and security centers.

Using projection instead of LCD or direct-view LED technology, rear-projection video walls target different applications. They are mainly used in control rooms that operate in a 24/7 mode. Utilities providers, for example, generally rely on rear-projection technology to monitor their network.

Technology: There are 3 main video wall technologies (described above), all with their specific benefits AND price tag. Historically, ultra narrow bezel LCD is the most economic option, followed by rear-projection cubes and direct-view LED displays. Price erosion on narrow pixel pitch LED video walls in recent years has brought this technology within reach of all corporations, so that new markets (including control rooms, corporate lobbies, television studios, etc.) can also benefit from LED.

Size: The cool thing about video walls is that they are modular, so they really take the size and aspect ratio you want. But it should be no surprise that large video walls cost more than small ones. Not only the price of the panels raises the costs: large video walls also need more driving controllers and processing power to handle the high resolution. This is a significant extra cost that should not be overlooked!

Support: The more panels, the heavier the video wall system becomes. This poses additional requirements on the supporting infrastructure. The heaviest load for rear-projection walls is on the floor, which is only rarely an issue. For LED walls and LCD video walls, on the other hand, it is the supporting wall that catches the full load. It may need some additional support to handle the pressure.

Optically bonding an LCD, OLED or Plasma display improves both optical performance and durability. By selecting an appropriate adhesive that matches the index of refraction of the flat panel and the overlay, General Digital is able to remove all of the air gaps, thus reducing the number of internal reflecting surfaces that can lead to degradation of optical performance. Providing a durable adhesion between the flat panel and the overlay improves the displays’ ability to resist shock, vibration and moisture.

Over-the-frame and in-the-frame bond designs require that the flat panel display first be sealed to the OEM metal frame to eliminate the possibility that the adhesive might leak into the backlight and contaminate the films. A non-corrosive silicone formulation is used to effect this seal.

Under-the-frame, behind-the-display and frameless bonds require that the flat panel display be disassembled before the bond can be made. After the bond is cured, either the OEM frame or a custom-designed frame must be affixed to the display.

One drawback to the under-the-frame and in-the-frame bonds is that they are not suitable for making a liquid-proof seal to the bezel of the monitor. To accomplish this, monitor builders usually prefer to form a seal to the antireflective glass. In this case, an over-the-frame bond is necessary. This bond design is also required in the case of an optically bonded touch sensor. The details of the bond may vary slightly, depending on the nature of the overlay. However, in general, an appropriate gasket is placed onto the face of the OEM frame, forming a well-defined bond thickness and protecting the edge of the seal from abrasion.

This bond design is the preferred over-the-frame bond. A gasket is applied between the LCD, OLED or Plasma display and the overlay and the space between them is then filled with adhesive.

Rugged filters are available in various thicknesses and diagonal sizes to protect the display from harm. Highly resistant to impact, scratching, and chemicals, they are available in several surface finishes to provide optimum viewing of a flat panel display based on a particular application. All finishes are designed for antiglare, maximum light transmission properties, and durability.