switch lcd screen free sample

Enhance your designs with a switch that runs video or image sequences. Ideal for control rooms with real-time data, audio and broadcast panels, mission-critical applications, and medical applications.

Programmable display graphics for alphanumeric characters and animated sequences. 64 colors of backlighting can be controlled dynamically. Pushbutton switch with LCD, RGB LED backlighting.

64 colors of backlighting can be controlled dynamically. Pushbutton switch with LCD, RGB LED backlighting. Low energy. Dust-tight construction. Viewing area: 17.0mm x 13.0mm (horizontal x vertical).

Broad and even light distribution. Consistent backlighting. Low energy consumption. Programmable LCD with a variety of LED backlighting colors. Rubber dome.

Low-energy-consumption programmable LCD with a variety of LED backlighting colors. Rubber dome. High reliability and long life of one million actuations minimum.

Part Number: IS-S0109DEM -- A plug and play controller/indicator device made available to highlight the functionality and features of the powerful S0109 Single Switch Solution

The S0109 is a single switch, human machine interface (HMI) solution packaged in a small panel mount, pushbutton-sized display that allows for monitor and control of applications.

Part Number: IS-S04G1LC-S -- Human-Machine Interface with four programmable 64x32 LCD SmartDisplay pushbuttons that monitor and control four 7V-12V fans or lights over eight levels of speed/brightness

Your Nintendo Switch Lite LCD screen no longer displays anything and remains desperately black while the console is on and producing sound normally ... Vertical lines or tasks have appeared on the screen and interfere with the use of the console since the display has become illegible? The LCD screen is an element of wear and prevents using the console but you are in luck since the LCD screen can separate from the touch screen on the Nintendo Switch Lite. How to do ? Just follow the advice of SOSav experts in this completely free repair guide, which details all the steps necessary to change your Nintendo Switch Lite LCD screen yourself. Each step is illustrated and commented on in order to prove to you that the Switch Lite repair is accessible to everyone.

Why change my Nintendo Switch Lite LCD screen myself? To avoid having to buy a new console or to call on a console repairer! You make a real saving especially since you do not have the manpower to pay insofar as it is you who makes the repair Switch Lite! But it is also ecological since you do not participate in the creation of unnecessary e-waste! You do not fall into the trap of planned obsolescence and you take the right reflexes to apply to all the devices of your daily life!

When Nintendo announced the Switch OLED model, fans weren’t too happy. Many had anticipated a Switch Pro was coming and had some big (though reasonable) expectations. Many hoped for resolution bumps in both docked and handheld mode. It didn’t help that publications like Bloomberg had been publishing credible reports that further raised those hopes.

Then came the crushing disappointment. The new Switch wouldn’t give Nintendo games a major graphical boost. Instead, it would simply feature an OLED screen that was bigger and brighter than the base Switch’s LCD display. Its other bells and whistles felt like they should have been there all along, like a wired internet port and an adjustable kickstand. We certainly weren’t getting a PS4 Pro-style upgrade here.

Now that the initial frustration has passed, it’s time to focus on what the Switch OLED actually does, rather than what it doesn’t. I went hands-on with Nintendo’s new console, testing it with a demo of

At a passing glance, the Switch OLED looks and feels about the same as a base model, save for its white Joy-Cons. But the big difference is in its screen, which explains why Nintendo opted to focus on that in its naming convention, rather than calling it a Pro model. The OLED display is notably bigger than that of a base Switch. The console itself isn’t noticeably larger, but it makes much better use of its real estate.

On a standard Switch, there’s a black frame around the 6.2 inch screen. The OLED minimizes that space, letting the display expand out to seven inches. Every tenth-of-an-inch counts when talking about a mobile gaming device, and I certainly felt a noticeable difference when playing in handheld mode (especially as someone whose vision has started eroding after staring at screens all day during lockdown last year).

More notable, though, is that the screen makes the Switch feel less like a toy and more like a precious piece of tech. The old model’s massive bezel seems a little goofy by comparison when I look at it now. It’s a subtle visual difference, and not one that should convince anyone to upgrade, but I certainly found myself feeling like I wanted to handle the OLED with a bit more care than my original, hairline-scratched Switch.

What really matters is visual quality, and I was instantly impressed by what I saw on the console. No, it doesn’t run 4K graphics in handheld mode as some gamers were clamoring for. However, it does look undoubtedly better. In playing Metroid Dread, colors felt crisp and vibrant. The blue of Samus’ new suit really pops off the screen in a way that it doesn’t on my 2019 model Switch. Dread is a smart game to launch with the console; its heavy focus on atmospheric lighting effects means that you really get a sense of how bright the display can get. The images on my current Switch suddenly felt a little washed out when I sat down with it afterward.

Aside from the new screen, there wasn’t much else to note from my time with the system — and that’s what makes it such a hard sell. The adjustable kickstand is certainly an upgrade, as it allows me to tilt the angle of the Switch to my liking when playing in tabletop mode. That’s a nice upgrade from the current Switch’s flimsy kickstand, which now feels as toy-like as its screen after using the OLED version. The audio is supposedly better in the new model as well, but it was hard to get a sense of that without a direct, back-and-forth comparison between the models. I didn’t get to check out the wired internet connection, either, but I have doubts that it’ll fully fix Nintendo’s deeper online issues anyways.

The decision to upgrade seems like it’ll simply comes down to whether or not you want a bigger, brighter screen when you play. Those who never touch an OLED model will be none the wiser; without a point of comparison, the regular Switch will feel entirely serviceable. But the moment you actually get to see the new panel in action, it’ll retroactively ruin your perception of your trusty console. The screen will look unusually small. The image will seem flatter. The bezel will feel sillier.

I walked into the Switch OLED hands-on feeling like there was a 0% chance I’d pick one up. Now I’m kicking myself for not pre-ordering a thing I very sincerely do not need.

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The Nintendo Switch is a clever piece of hardware that lets you play your games on the go or connected to your TV. Ordinarily, the Nintendo Switch works perfectly, letting you play the great Nintendo franchises like Mario, Zelda, and Animal Crossing without complaint.

However, the Switch isn"t immune to problems. There are plenty of potential issues you might encounter in the hardware and software. If you"re unlucky and find yourself with a console that won"t play ball, we"ve rounded up the most common Nintendo Switch problems and how to fix them.

There are various ways to make your Nintendo Switch battery last longer. For example, lower your brightness via System Settings > Screen Brightness. Turn off Wi-Fi and Bluetooth via System Settings > Airplane Mode and toggle it On.

The Switch offers 32GB internal storage, part of which is reserved for the system. This means that if you like to download lots of games and store them on your system long-term, it won"t take long before you run out of space.

There are a couple of ways around this. First, you can use the Switch"s data management tools to free up space. Go to System Settings > Data Management > Quick Archive. Here you can uninstall software, which you can always redownload later.

Second, you can buy a microSD card (up to 2TB) and insert it into your Switch. Then, go to System Settings > Data Management > Move Data Between System / microSD card. This lets you shift games from the internal storage to the external.

If your Switch screen is grubby, perhaps from fingerprints or when you took it outside, take a microfiber cloth and wipe the screen from top to bottom. Don"t forcefully push on the display. You can use a tiny bit of water if needs be—just to lightly moisten the cloth, not so it"s dripping.

If the screen is scratched, that"s trickier. Scratches are a common problem when taking the Switch in and out of the dock. You might be able to buff light scratches out with a cloth, but don"t hold out too much hope. Applying a screen protector might hide the smaller scratches, and it"ll keep you safe for the future too.

If there are deep scratches that you can"t cope with, it is possible to buy and replace the screen yourself. But this is an advanced procedure, so you"re better off speaking to Nintendo about a repair. Just be aware this isn"t covered by warranty.

If your Joy-Con controllers are drifting, you might find none of this works. This is a known and oft-reported hardware problem with the Nintendo Switch. After ignoring the issue for ages, Nintendo has finally acknowledged the problem and will now repair your Joy-Cons (or Switch Lite, where you can"t detatch the controllers) free of charge.

There are plenty of reasons to keep your Switch connected to the internet. You can benefit from software updates, download games, play against others online, and more. So when your Switch can"t connect to the internet, it"s frustrating.

If a dead pixel occurs after you"ve owned the Switch for a while, you might need to put up with it (it"ll only be on the console itself, and it won"t appear on the TV when docked).

Your Nintendo Switch has a 12-month warranty. This means that if the console fails due to a fault in Nintendo"s hardware, the company will repair it for no cost. As such, if you notice a defect in your Switch that you"re unable to resolve, don"t delay in contacting Nintendo to report it.

​​​​​​Picking one from the Nintendo Switch family is no easy task. Each makes a niche for itself; each shines in a specific area. If you’re faced with the decision of choosing between the original Switch, the Switch Lite, and the OLED model, read on. We’ve broken it down to make things simpler.

Price may divide opinion on which Switch model is the best choice, but it is really only one factor among many to consider. The Switch Lite is the cheapest in the range at $200. The original (updated) Switch console is next, priced at $300, while the OLED model is top-of-the-line and will set you back $350.

While the original Switch and the OLED model have the same dimensions, their design differs slightly but perhaps significantly. The OLED Switch is a little heavier, has punchier speakers, and features a more robust kickstand that runs nearly the length of its body and can do the limbo – it supports the Switch at a variety of angles. The kickstand on the original Switch is a single tab emerging at one end of the device.

The Switch Lite is designed for play on the go and has a tinier display, so it’s no surprise that this version is the smallest of the three. It’s also the lightest, making it the most convenient of the three to carry around and to play as a portable device.

The biggest difference between the three Switch models is the screen, and this is something to consider before choosing a model for you. The Switch OLED model has an organic LED screen, while the Switch and the Switch Lite have LCD screens. With the OLED model, Nintendo has managed to fit a larger screen within the dimensions of the original Switch. The Switch Lite, unsurprisingly, gets the smallest screen of the lot.

Each display type has its strengths and limitations, but a broad generalization is that LCD screens are better for outdoor or bright-light viewing, compromising on contrast at different viewing angles, while OLED screens offer better contrast at a variety of viewing angles, but struggle with brightness and color volume. It’s a trade-off.

We’ve gone into more detail on the differences between OLED, LED, and LCD displays in a separate article, commenting on how each type works and comparing the technologies. Delve into that if you want to know more.

The original Switch comes in one of three design variants: one with blue and red Joy-Cons, another with gray controllers, and a third with Animal Crossing livery. You can adorn your console with more colors, but that will cost you more.

The Switch OLED, in comparison, is available in all white, but there is a more classic edition that features red and blue Joy-Cons. The Joy-Cons are interchangeable between these two models, which means you have a ton of color options here too, at a cost.

The Switch Lite, on the other hand, comes in a choice of five eye-catching but not garish colors. They allow you to add some style to your on-the-go gaming.

The Switch Lite is a portable-only console and cannot be docked. It isn’t compatible with the regular Switch TV dock and you cannot play it in home console mode.

The standard Switch dock allows you to connect your console to your TV via HDMI and connect to the internet via Wi-Fi. The Switch OLED dock adds a LAN port, apart from a light cosmetic redesign.

Besides this, there isn’t much of a difference between the two docks, with Nintendo acknowledging, on its Switch FAQ page that you can “use the docks interchangeably,” although you may need a system update to use the original Switch with the LAN port.

The original Switch and OLED model both come with two detachable Joy-Cons. These controllers are extremely versatile and you can play in a variety of different ways: mated to the Switch, attached to a mount, or even individually, if you fancy a multiplayer game.

In the case of the Switch Lite, you trade portability for controllers that are permanently attached. This version adds a proper D-pad that many gamers prefer over the four separate D-pad buttons on the other two models.

All Nintendo Switch games will work on both the original and OLED Switch. Considering the console’s age, that’s a huge line-up of titles to choose from.

And while, technically, all Switch games will run on the Switch Lite too, there are some that are more suited to TV mode. One example is Just Dance, which requires you to hold one Joy-Con in each hand and follow along to the prompts on the screen.

The Switch Lite is the prettiest of the three and plays almost all the games that run on the original and OLED models. If all you want is a console to take with you and to play on the go, the Switch Lite should fit your needs.

It’s light and compact, and even though it has a smaller screen than the other two models, is great as a primary portable. You could also get the Switch Lite if you already have a Switch console and want something just for when you’re traveling.

If you mostly play video games at home and prefer connecting to your TV, but can’t afford to spend too much, the original (updated) Switch is for you. It’s still a great console, and has a splendid lineup of titles to pick from. And if you fancy a little portable gaming, it can transform for solo or co-op play.

However, if you primarily game at home and have some cash to spare, the Switch OLED is a clear winner and should be your console of choice. Its larger bulk means it could be inconvenient to take with you when traveling, and playing for extended periods in handheld mode might be uncomfortable, but the larger screen and improved kickstand give it the edge.

Nintendo has positioned its Switch lineup very cleverly, giving value to each type of player. The Switch Lite may make a great backup console for those who already have a Switch; the OLED may be out of reach for a few, and the original Switch still burns brightly with its capabilities and games lineup.

No matter which Nintendo Switch you decide to buy in the end, you"re getting a high-quality, intuitive, and accessible console that features some spectacular games.

A touchscreen or touch screen is the assembly of both an input ("touch panel") and output ("display") device. The touch panel is normally layered on the top of an electronic visual display of an information processing system. The display is often an LCD, AMOLED or OLED display while the system is usually used in a laptop, tablet, or smartphone. A user can give input or control the information processing system through simple or multi-touch gestures by touching the screen with a special stylus or one or more fingers.zooming to increase the text size.

The touchscreen enables the user to interact directly with what is displayed, rather than using a mouse, touchpad, or other such devices (other than a stylus, which is optional for most modern touchscreens).

Touchscreens are common in devices such as game consoles, personal computers, electronic voting machines, and point-of-sale (POS) systems. They can also be attached to computers or, as terminals, to networks. They play a prominent role in the design of digital appliances such as personal digital assistants (PDAs) and some e-readers. Touchscreens are also important in educational settings such as classrooms or on college campuses.

The popularity of smartphones, tablets, and many types of information appliances is driving the demand and acceptance of common touchscreens for portable and functional electronics. Touchscreens are found in the medical field, heavy industry, automated teller machines (ATMs), and kiosks such as museum displays or room automation, where keyboard and mouse systems do not allow a suitably intuitive, rapid, or accurate interaction by the user with the display"s content.

Historically, the touchscreen sensor and its accompanying controller-based firmware have been made available by a wide array of after-market system integrators, and not by display, chip, or motherboard manufacturers. Display manufacturers and chip manufacturers have acknowledged the trend toward acceptance of touchscreens as a user interface component and have begun to integrate touchscreens into the fundamental design of their products.

The prototypeCERNFrank Beck, a British electronics engineer, for the control room of CERN"s accelerator SPS (Super Proton Synchrotron). This was a further development of the self-capacitance screen (right), also developed by Stumpe at CERN

One predecessor of the modern touch screen includes stylus based systems. In 1946, a patent was filed by Philco Company for a stylus designed for sports telecasting which, when placed against an intermediate cathode ray tube display (CRT) would amplify and add to the original signal. Effectively, this was used for temporarily drawing arrows or circles onto a live television broadcast, as described in US 2487641A, Denk, William E, "Electronic pointer for television images", issued 1949-11-08. Later inventions built upon this system to free telewriting styli from their mechanical bindings. By transcribing what a user draws onto a computer, it could be saved for future use. See US 3089918A, Graham, Robert E, "Telewriting apparatus", issued 1963-05-14.

The first version of a touchscreen which operated independently of the light produced from the screen was patented by AT&T Corporation US 3016421A, Harmon, Leon D, "Electrographic transmitter", issued 1962-01-09. This touchscreen utilized a matrix of collimated lights shining orthogonally across the touch surface. When a beam is interrupted by a stylus, the photodetectors which no longer are receiving a signal can be used to determine where the interruption is. Later iterations of matrix based touchscreens built upon this by adding more emitters and detectors to improve resolution, pulsing emitters to improve optical signal to noise ratio, and a nonorthogonal matrix to remove shadow readings when using multi-touch.

The first finger driven touch screen was developed by Eric Johnson, of the Royal Radar Establishment located in Malvern, England, who described his work on capacitive touchscreens in a short article published in 1965Frank Beck and Bent Stumpe, engineers from CERN (European Organization for Nuclear Research), developed a transparent touchscreen in the early 1970s,In the mid-1960s, another precursor of touchscreens, an ultrasonic-curtain-based pointing device in front of a terminal display, had been developed by a team around Rainer Mallebrein[de] at Telefunken Konstanz for an air traffic control system.Einrichtung" ("touch input facility") for the SIG 50 terminal utilizing a conductively coated glass screen in front of the display.

In 1972, a group at the University of Illinois filed for a patent on an optical touchscreenMagnavox Plato IV Student Terminal and thousands were built for this purpose. These touchscreens had a crossed array of 16×16 infrared position sensors, each composed of an LED on one edge of the screen and a matched phototransistor on the other edge, all mounted in front of a monochrome plasma display panel. This arrangement could sense any fingertip-sized opaque object in close proximity to the screen. A similar touchscreen was used on the HP-150 starting in 1983. The HP 150 was one of the world"s earliest commercial touchscreen computers.infrared transmitters and receivers around the bezel of a 9-inch Sony cathode ray tube (CRT).

In the early 1980s, General Motors tasked its Delco Electronics division with a project aimed at replacing an automobile"s non-essential functions (i.e. other than throttle, transmission, braking, and steering) from mechanical or electro-mechanical systems with solid state alternatives wherever possible. The finished device was dubbed the ECC for "Electronic Control Center", a digital computer and software control system hardwired to various peripheral sensors, servos, solenoids, antenna and a monochrome CRT touchscreen that functioned both as display and sole method of input.stereo, fan, heater and air conditioner controls and displays, and was capable of providing very detailed and specific information about the vehicle"s cumulative and current operating status in real time. The ECC was standard equipment on the 1985–1989 Buick Riviera and later the 1988–1989 Buick Reatta, but was unpopular with consumers—partly due to the technophobia of some traditional Buick customers, but mostly because of costly technical problems suffered by the ECC"s touchscreen which would render climate control or stereo operation impossible.

The first commercially available graphical point-of-sale (POS) software was demonstrated on the 16-bit Atari 520ST color computer. It featured a color touchscreen widget-driven interface.COMDEX expo in 1986.

In 1987, Casio launched the Casio PB-1000 pocket computer with a touchscreen consisting of a 4×4 matrix, resulting in 16 touch areas in its small LCD graphic screen.

Touchscreens had a bad reputation of being imprecise until 1988. Most user-interface books would state that touchscreen selections were limited to targets larger than the average finger. At the time, selections were done in such a way that a target was selected as soon as the finger came over it, and the corresponding action was performed immediately. Errors were common, due to parallax or calibration problems, leading to user frustration. "Lift-off strategy"University of Maryland Human–Computer Interaction Lab (HCIL). As users touch the screen, feedback is provided as to what will be selected: users can adjust the position of the finger, and the action takes place only when the finger is lifted off the screen. This allowed the selection of small targets, down to a single pixel on a 640×480 Video Graphics Array (VGA) screen (a standard of that time).

Sears et al. (1990)human–computer interaction of the time, describing gestures such as rotating knobs, adjusting sliders, and swiping the screen to activate a switch (or a U-shaped gesture for a toggle switch). The HCIL team developed and studied small touchscreen keyboards (including a study that showed users could type at 25 wpm on a touchscreen keyboard), aiding their introduction on mobile devices. They also designed and implemented multi-touch gestures such as selecting a range of a line, connecting objects, and a "tap-click" gesture to select while maintaining location with another finger.

In 1990, HCIL demonstrated a touchscreen slider,lock screen patent litigation between Apple and other touchscreen mobile phone vendors (in relation to

An early attempt at a handheld game console with touchscreen controls was Sega"s intended successor to the Game Gear, though the device was ultimately shelved and never released due to the expensive cost of touchscreen technology in the early 1990s.

Touchscreens would not be popularly used for video games until the release of the Nintendo DS in 2004.Apple Watch being released with a force-sensitive display in April 2015.

In 2007, 93% of touchscreens shipped were resistive and only 4% were projected capacitance. In 2013, 3% of touchscreens shipped were resistive and 90% were projected capacitance.

A resistive touchscreen panel comprises several thin layers, the most important of which are two transparent electrically resistive layers facing each other with a thin gap between. The top layer (that which is touched) has a coating on the underside surface; just beneath it is a similar resistive layer on top of its substrate. One layer has conductive connections along its sides, the other along top and bottom. A voltage is applied to one layer and sensed by the other. When an object, such as a fingertip or stylus tip, presses down onto the outer surface, the two layers touch to become connected at that point.voltage dividers, one axis at a time. By rapidly switching between each layer, the position of pressure on the screen can be detected.

Resistive touch is used in restaurants, factories and hospitals due to its high tolerance for liquids and contaminants. A major benefit of resistive-touch technology is its low cost. Additionally, as only sufficient pressure is necessary for the touch to be sensed, they may be used with gloves on, or by using anything rigid as a finger substitute. Disadvantages include the need to press down, and a risk of damage by sharp objects. Resistive touchscreens also suffer from poorer contrast, due to having additional reflections (i.e. glare) from the layers of material placed over the screen.3DS family, and the Wii U GamePad.

Surface acoustic wave (SAW) technology uses ultrasonic waves that pass over the touchscreen panel. When the panel is touched, a portion of the wave is absorbed. The change in ultrasonic waves is processed by the controller to determine the position of the touch event. Surface acoustic wave touchscreen panels can be damaged by outside elements. Contaminants on the surface can also interfere with the functionality of the touchscreen.

A capacitive touchscreen panel consists of an insulator, such as glass, coated with a transparent conductor, such as indium tin oxide (ITO).electrostatic field, measurable as a change in capacitance. Different technologies may be used to determine the location of the touch. The location is then sent to the controller for processing. Touchscreens that use silver instead of ITO exist, as ITO causes several environmental problems due to the use of indium.complementary metal–oxide–semiconductor (CMOS) application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC) chip, which in turn usually sends the signals to a CMOS digital signal processor (DSP) for processing.

Unlike a resistive touchscreen, some capacitive touchscreens cannot be used to detect a finger through electrically insulating material, such as gloves. This disadvantage especially affects usability in consumer electronics, such as touch tablet PCs and capacitive smartphones in cold weather when people may be wearing gloves. It can be overcome with a special capacitive stylus, or a special-application glove with an embroidered patch of conductive thread allowing electrical contact with the user"s fingertip.

A low-quality switching-mode power supply unit with an accordingly unstable, noisy voltage may temporarily interfere with the precision, accuracy and sensitivity of capacitive touch screens.

Some capacitive display manufacturers continue to develop thinner and more accurate touchscreens. Those for mobile devices are now being produced with "in-cell" technology, such as in Samsung"s Super AMOLED screens, that eliminates a layer by building the capacitors inside the display itself. This type of touchscreen reduces the visible distance between the user"s finger and what the user is touching on the screen, reducing the thickness and weight of the display, which is desirable in smartphones.

This diagram shows how eight inputs to a lattice touchscreen or keypad creates 28 unique intersections, as opposed to 16 intersections created using a standard x/y multiplexed touchscreen .

Some modern PCT touch screens are composed of thousands of discrete keys,etching a single conductive layer to form a grid pattern of electrodes, by etching two separate, perpendicular layers of conductive material with parallel lines or tracks to form a grid, or by forming an x/y grid of fine, insulation coated wires in a single layer . The number of fingers that can be detected simultaneously is determined by the number of cross-over points (x * y) . However, the number of cross-over points can be almost doubled by using a diagonal lattice layout, where, instead of x elements only ever crossing y elements, each conductive element crosses every other element .

These environmental factors, however, are not a problem with "fine wire" based touchscreens due to the fact that wire based touchscreens have a much lower "parasitic" capacitance, and there is greater distance between neighbouring conductors.

Self-capacitive touch screen layers are used on mobile phones such as the Sony Xperia Sola,Samsung Galaxy S4, Galaxy Note 3, Galaxy S5, and Galaxy Alpha.

Capacitive touchscreens do not necessarily need to be operated by a finger, but until recently the special styli required could be quite expensive to purchase. The cost of this technology has fallen greatly in recent years and capacitive styli are now widely available for a nominal charge, and often given away free with mobile accessories. These consist of an electrically conductive shaft with a soft conductive rubber tip, thereby resistively connecting the fingers to the tip of the stylus.

Infrared sensors mounted around the display watch for a user"s touchscreen input on this PLATO V terminal in 1981. The monochromatic plasma display"s characteristic orange glow is illustrated.

An infrared touchscreen uses an array of X-Y infrared LED and photodetector pairs around the edges of the screen to detect a disruption in the pattern of LED beams. These LED beams cross each other in vertical and horizontal patterns. This helps the sensors pick up the exact location of the touch. A major benefit of such a system is that it can detect essentially any opaque object including a finger, gloved finger, stylus or pen. It is generally used in outdoor applications and POS systems that cannot rely on a conductor (such as a bare finger) to activate the touchscreen. Unlike capacitive touchscreens, infrared touchscreens do not require any patterning on the glass which increases durability and optical clarity of the overall system. Infrared touchscreens are sensitive to dirt and dust that can interfere with the infrared beams, and suffer from parallax in curved surfaces and accidental press when the user hovers a finger over the screen while searching for the item to be selected.

A translucent acrylic sheet is used as a rear-projection screen to display information. The edges of the acrylic sheet are illuminated by infrared LEDs, and infrared cameras are focused on the back of the sheet. Objects placed on the sheet are detectable by the cameras. When the sheet is touched by the user, frustrated total internal reflection results in leakage of infrared light which peaks at the points of maximum pressure, indicating the user"s touch location. Microsoft"s PixelSense tablets use this technology.

Optical touchscreens are a relatively modern development in touchscreen technology, in which two or more image sensors (such as CMOS sensors) are placed around the edges (mostly the corners) of the screen. Infrared backlights are placed in the sensor"s field of view on the opposite side of the screen. A touch blocks some lights from the sensors, and the location and size of the touching object can be calculated (see visual hull). This technology is growing in popularity due to its scalability, versatility, and affordability for larger touchscreens.

The key to this technology is that a touch at any one position on the surface generates a sound wave in the substrate which then produces a unique combined signal as measured by three or more tiny transducers attached to the edges of the touchscreen. The digitized signal is compared to a list corresponding to every position on the surface, determining the touch location. A moving touch is tracked by rapid repetition of this process. Extraneous and ambient sounds are ignored since they do not match any stored sound profile. The technology differs from other sound-based technologies by using a simple look-up method rather than expensive signal-processing hardware. As with the dispersive signal technology system, a motionless finger cannot be detected after the initial touch. However, for the same reason, the touch recognition is not disrupted by any resting objects. The technology was created by SoundTouch Ltd in the early 2000s, as described by the patent family EP1852772, and introduced to the market by Tyco International"s Elo division in 2006 as Acoustic Pulse Recognition.

There are several principal ways to build a touchscreen. The key goals are to recognize one or more fingers touching a display, to interpret the command that this represents, and to communicate the command to the appropriate application.

There are two infrared-based approaches. In one, an array of sensors detects a finger touching or almost touching the display, thereby interrupting infrared light beams projected over the screen. In the other, bottom-mounted infrared cameras record heat from screen touches.

The development of multi-touch screens facilitated the tracking of more than one finger on the screen; thus, operations that require more than one finger are possible. These devices also allow multiple users to interact with the touchscreen simultaneously.

With the growing use of touchscreens, the cost of touchscreen technology is routinely absorbed into the products that incorporate it and is nearly eliminated. Touchscreen technology has demonstrated reliability and is found in airplanes, automobiles, gaming consoles, machine control systems, appliances, and handheld display devices including cellphones; the touchscreen market for mobile devices was projected to produce US$5 billion by 2009.

The ability to accurately point on the screen itself is also advancing with the emerging graphics tablet-screen hybrids. Polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) plays a major role in this innovation due its high piezoelectric properties, which allow the tablet to sense pressure, making such things as digital painting behave more like paper and pencil.

TapSense, announced in October 2011, allows touchscreens to distinguish what part of the hand was used for input, such as the fingertip, knuckle and fingernail. This could be used in a variety of ways, for example, to copy and paste, to capitalize letters, to activate different drawing modes, etc.

For touchscreens to be effective input devices, users must be able to accurately select targets and avoid accidental selection of adjacent targets. The design of touchscreen interfaces should reflect technical capabilities of the system, ergonomics, cognitive psychology and human physiology.

Guidelines for touchscreen designs were first developed in the 2000s, based on early research and actual use of older systems, typically using infrared grids—which were highly dependent on the size of the user"s fingers. These guidelines are less relevant for the bulk of modern touch devices which use capacitive or resistive touch technology.

Much more important is the accuracy humans have in selecting targets with their finger or a pen stylus. The accuracy of user selection varies by position on the screen: users are most accurate at the center, less so at the left and right edges, and least accurate at the top edge and especially the bottom edge. The R95 accuracy (required radius for 95% target accuracy) varies from 7 mm (0.28 in) in the center to 12 mm (0.47 in) in the lower corners.

This user inaccuracy is a result of parallax, visual acuity and the speed of the feedback loop between the eyes and fingers. The precision of the human finger alone is much, much higher than this, so when assistive technologies are provided—such as on-screen magnifiers—users can move their finger (once in contact with the screen) with precision as small as 0.1 mm (0.004 in).

Users of handheld and portable touchscreen devices hold them in a variety of ways, and routinely change their method of holding and selection to suit the position and type of input. There are four basic types of handheld interaction:

Touchscreens are often used with haptic response systems. A common example of this technology is the vibratory feedback provided when a button on the touchscreen is tapped. Haptics are used to improve the user"s experience with touchscreens by providing simulated tactile feedback, and can be designed to react immediately, partly countering on-screen response latency. Research from the University of Glasgow (Brewster, Chohan, and Brown, 2007; and more recently Hogan) demonstrates that touchscreen users reduce input errors (by 20%), increase input speed (by 20%), and lower their cognitive load (by 40%) when touchscreens are combined with haptics or tactile feedback. On top of this, a study conducted in 2013 by Boston College explored the effects that touchscreens haptic stimulation had on triggering psychological ownership of a product. Their research concluded that a touchscreens ability to incorporate high amounts of haptic involvement resulted in customers feeling more endowment to the products they were designing or buying. The study also reported that consumers using a touchscreen were willing to accept a higher price point for the items they were purchasing.

Unsupported touchscreens are still fairly common in applications such as ATMs and data kiosks, but are not an issue as the typical user only engages for brief and widely spaced periods.

Touchscreens can suffer from the problem of fingerprints on the display. This can be mitigated by the use of materials with optical coatings designed to reduce the visible effects of fingerprint oils. Most modern smartphones have oleophobic coatings, which lessen the amount of oil residue. Another option is to install a matte-finish anti-glare screen protector, which creates a slightly roughened surface that does not easily retain smudges.

Touchscreens do not work most of the time when the user wears gloves. The thickness of the glove and the material they are made of play a significant role on that and the ability of a touchscreen to pick up a touch.

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Basic Nintendo Switch Online subscriptions are pretty cheap, and buying a whole year at a time is the best value. But that cost rises sharply with the Expansion Pass feature included.

Nintendo charges you to play games online. The base subscription is cheaper than Sony and Microsoft plans, but the Expansion Pass raises that price considerably. Nintendo sells one-month, three-month, and 12-month subscriptions, and the price per month goes down when you buy more months at once (a 12-month subscription costs less than half of what it costs to buy 12 months individually). Nintendo also offers a family plan, which for $35 a year gives up to eight accounts most of the benefits of an individual Switch Online subscription. Obviously, the deal becomes better as you add more accounts, but it’s still more cost-effective than an individual subscription even if you have only two people in your family. However, a “better” deal doesn’t make Nintendo Switch Online a good one, and that value proposition has gotten more complicated with the introduction of the Online Expansion Pass.

The Nintendo Online Expansion Pass offers two kinds of benefits to subscribers, currently. The first is free additional content for Nintendo’s own online-enabled titles, including an expansion for Animal Crossing: New Horizons and Splatoon 2, and a host of track additions to Mario Kart 8 Deluxe. The Online Expansion Pass also adds select Sega Genesis and Nintendo 64 games to its library of previous generation software alongside the existing NES and SNES titles provided with the basic online service. There are currently around a hundred NES and SNES games available to Nintendo Online members, but the current libraries for the Online Expansion Pass–enabled Genesis and N64 are more limited. The selection of Genesis games is particularly frustrating—most of those games are available via other means on the Switch already, even if some surprising choices have made an appearance in the list.

Remember that these accounts don’t cover each individual Switch you own but individual user accounts. If you have multiple active user accounts on your Switch, each user account needs its own Switch Online subscription to play online and access Switch Online–exclusive downloadable content. A family plan is the best way to cover this scenario.

Members of a family plan generally have access to the same stuff as individual members, including online play and the same downloadable games and other content. But occasionally you’ll come across some exceptions: For example, Nintendo will sell you only four of its replica Super Nintendo controllers per Switch Online subscription, regardless of whether you have an individual or family subscription. There aren’t really any other downsides, though.

For now, we would advise sticking with the base Nintendo Switch Online plan and skipping the Online Expansion unless you want the expansion content for Animal Crossing or Mario Kart—at least until Nintendo can make a more compelling case for the service.

Lanbon, a chinese company smart home tech company has released a series of Wi-Fi mesh connected touch switches with an LCD screen and some other accompanying devices.

I have received the L8-HS 5 in 1 LCD smart switch. 5 in 1 meaning you can choose between 5 existing modes and adapt the switch to your current needs. You can choose between a 1, 2 or 3 gang light switch with a max load of 200W per gang or completely switch it up and use it as a curtain switch for any kinds of motorised covers. Lastly you can forego using the relays completely and use it as a scene switch to remotely control other Lanbon devices.

Each mode will change the buttons displayed on the screen accordingly. With that you also have the option to modify the labels and icons for your switches as well as change the theming of the UI.

European version of the switch has an 86mm by 86mm front plate inside which is a 49mm by 59mm color LCD touch screen protected by a, I assume, acrylic plate. The front plate contains all the brains of the switch while the mains switching relays and power supply are in the back of the switch. There’s a thin white strip running through the middle of the front plate sides.

The LCD touch portion of the switch is attached to a metal plate with a slide and lock system. You simply slide it out to install the switch in your electrical box.

Everything needed for installation is neatly labelled and explained in the instruction booklet. I hooked it up in my testing board as a 3 gang switch and slid the front plate back on. After giving it power, the screen lit up and started booting with a Lanbon logo displayed. The thin white strips around the switch also lit up, seems they are some sort of status RGB LEDs and they color cycle while booting.

Switching worked out of the box but the Wi-Fi icon is red, which probably means I have to connect it to my Wi-Fi. Good ole instruction booklet tells me to long press on the Wi-Fi icon to get to the settings menu.

But there’s a different way, straight through the switch! There are three green dots at the bottom of the screen that are barely visible. Tapping there will start a Wi-Fi AP scan.

Click on your AP and enter the password using the full fledged on-screen keyboard. Entering the password isn’t that elegant since you need to scroll left and right on the keyboard but it works.

At the top of the screen is a status bar, similar to the one in our mobile phones. In the middle is a clock. To its right is the power monitoring data. On the left side is the Wi-Fi and mesh network status.

You can set screen brightness and screen timeout time. Turn on Home Assistant support. Calibrate temperature offset. Choose between power consumption or current power used displayed on the main screen. You can also flip the display to landscape orientation. Of course, there’s the obligatory Factory reset.

And then there’s something called “epidemic report:”. After turning it on I can select a country. And with this I got a display of COVID stats for my country when the switch goes to sleep mode. Got to have a good reminder of how bleak the times are, just before turning on the light.

While the switch has quite a rich settings menu, not all features are available for setup. For that you will have to install the Lanbon SmartLiving app and register an account.

In the Change icon menu there’s an option to choose a local image or take a photo to, presumably, use as the icon for that switch. Sadly my version of the app simply crashes when I try to do that.

The less violating option. Open the App and go to Settings - Set Server and choose “Homeassistant Server”. Enter your local MQTT broker credentials there and the switch will inform you server settings have changes. You have to enable “Homeassistant support” in GUI settings so it starts broadcasting MQTT messages.

Now the switch is completely cut off from the cloud and communicates only locally. App will not work anymore until you disable Home Assistant support in the switch menu.

Lanbon claims the device will be autodiscovered but it is broadcasting the switch discovery message on the wrong topic. Lanbon assumes you will change discovery_prefix: in homeassistant but that is likely to break other MQTT discovery protocols, so the autodiscovery doesn’t exactly work. You need to configure the switch manually in .yaml.

The implementation is very basic. There is no availability topic or switch updates after a reboot so the state will not always be synced and you will not know if it goes offline or disconnects from the MQTT server.

There is no option to upgrade the firmware directly from the switch when a new version is released. Instead of that simple procedure you have to email the support staff with a request to allow you an upgrade. Once they get your switch information from the QR code they allow an upgrade and a new option appears in the settings menu for a limited time. If you wish to upgrade again you have to go through the entire process again.

Status LEDs on all 4 sides of the switch are an interesting feature which wasn’t thought out completely. Light diffusion is uneven, on top and bottom you can see the 4 LED’s while on the sides the light is nicely diffused into a single strip of light.

When you tap a button on the screen it informs you with a brief color change. If there’s something wrong (for example Wi-Fi is not connected) it glows red.

That is nice and useful but in my firmware version there were no options to control the way it is lit or turn it completely off. You can only put the switch into Night mode through the app which will turn the light off when the screen is off or dim it to a faint white when in use.

While the construction and the design of the switch is very good its usefulness is bogged down by the limited firmware, a clumsy GUI and a needlessly convoluted upgrade process.

Still, there is so much potential hidden in it and, luckily, the switch is based on ESP32 so who knows, maybe someone will start a good open source firmware project for it. I for sure will try installing Tasmota on it!