flexible display screens ready for mass production for sale
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Founded by a Stanford PhD graduate, Royole has designed and is starting to mass-produce a super-thin flexible screen that could be used in everything from t-shirts to portable speakers.
It"s the stuff of science fiction, and plenty of tech trade shows — a screen so thin and flexible that it can be rolled up into a cylinder as small as a cigarette or hung on a wall like wallpaper.
Royole just opened a new factory in China that is already mass producing the displays, and the company is working with partners to get them installed in everything from t-shirts to automobiles to smartphones.
Royole"s screens are based on OLED technology, in which the lighting elements are built into the display itself. Unlike the OLED screens that are in some higher-end televisions, which are typically placed on a rigid base like glass, the lighting elements in Royole"s screens are placed on a flexible plastic base, so they can bend or roll up.
"The cool thing here is that we"re not limited by the form factor of the surface," said Liu, who founded Royole with some friends from Stanford after graduating from there with a PhD in electrical engineering. "They could be anywhere."
Royole, which was founded in 2012 and has raised $1.1 billion in funding, just brought its new factory online in June. The plant will be able to produce up to 50 million panels a year once it"s at full capacity, Liu said. That could help it feed a potentially burgeoning market for bendable gadgets.
Researchers have been trying to develop flexible screen technology since at least the early 1970s — first in the form of monochrome displays that were intended to replace printed pages, and then, much later, in the form of color ones that might replace the screens in TV or portable devices.
For much of the last decade, display makers including Samsung and LG have been showing off their flexible OLED screens and prototype of products made with them at trade shows.
Samsung"s Galaxy Round, a relatively obscure smartphone that came out that year, was one of the first gadgets that used a flexible screen way back in 2013. Because the display was placed behind a fixed plate of glass, so you couldn"t really tell that it was bendable. The only clue was that the front of the phone was concave.
Other smartphones since the Galaxy Round have also employed flexible displays, including the LG G Flex and the Edge versions of the Samsung Galaxy S and Galaxy Note lines. More recently, the screens have started to make their way into even mainstream devices. Apple"s iPhone X, for example, has a flexible display behind its famously notched screen.
They were "a disappointing application of what that the technology could do," said Raymond Soneira, CEO of DisplayMate, a consulting firm for the display and TV industries.
Neither businesses nor consumers were ready for bendable or foldable gadgets when the first flexible displays started rolling off production lines five years ago, analysts said. Electronics makers generally hadn"t set up their supply chains to accommodate them or figured out how they might be able to take advantage of the screens" properties in new products. Apps hadn"t been written specifically for devices with bendable screens. And nobody had laid the groundwork for new kinds of flexible gadgets by marketing them to consumers.
Things may be different now. Next year, Samsung will reportedly introduce a phone with a foldable screen that"s built around its flexible display technology. Apple reportedly has a foldable phone in the works, too.
"You can"t make [phones] much bigger … and have them be carried by most consumers," Soneira said. "So you"ve got to move up to foldable, even rollable screens."
The release of foldable screen phones and other gadgets from major manufacturers will likely spur developers to start making apps designed specifically around those features. It"s also likely to inspire demand for other devices that take advantage of the properties of bendable screens.
Flexible screens will likely get their start by replacing other screens in devices we already recognize, including not just smartphones, but computer monitors and laptop computers, allowing manufacturers to make models that are slightly more innovative or resilient, said Ryan Martin, a principal analyst at ABI Research. But eventually, manufacturers are likely to get a lot more creative with them.
A flexible display "changes the realm of design as well as design thinking," Martin said. "You"re no longer confined to the four corners of a screen. You can make things more abstract."
At CES, the giant electronics trade show held in Las Vegas every January, LG has shown off a prototype for a car dashboard in which the speedometer, tachometer and other other gauges and buttons are displayed virtually on flexible screens that could be shaped to the contours of a car"s interior.
Although the company is going up against some of the biggest electronics companies around in LG and Samsung, Royole"s got several advantages, Liu said. Its displays are built on its own proprietary technology for which it has filed numerous patents, he said. That technology allows it to build screens that are a tenth as thick as those of competitors.
What"s more, because it"s using a different methodology for building its screens, it was able to get its factory up and running for about $1 billion, which is far less than what it would cost its competitors, he said.
The first devices with Royole"s screens should start showing up later this year. The company plans to sell T-shirts and hats with its flexible displays built in. Soon thereafter, it expects marketers to start using its screens to display advertisements in elevators, airports, shopping malls, and other places.
From there, the screens should start making its way into other products, both traditional and new, Liu said. When purchased in volume, they should be competitive in price to other types of displays, he said.
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(Phys.org)—Is Samsung getting ready to release a line of flexible displays made of glass-replacing plastic? The right words in response may be "well, finally," or "well, maybe." The Wall Street Journalhas talked to a source who said that Samsung, in the words of the WSJ subheading, "Plans to Mass Produce Flexible Mobile-Device Screens" in the first half of next year. The source was not named and was only described as "a person familiar with the situation." Samsung has tantalized techies and consumers with its futuristic videos showing a beautiful-life day using wearable wrist computers, auto dashboard display screens, location-finding smartphones, and wall mounted computer screens of plastic rather than glass.
Expectations are that Samsung, as part of the grand mix, is to start mass production of smartphone screens using bendable plastic rather than glass. According to the WSJ report, Samsung"s flexible displays will incorporate OLEDs.
Analysts believe the move into mass production would be a real business advantage as smart-device makers in competition with Samsung scramble for attention and market share with their designs and feature sets. Some of the reasons why a Samsung customer would favor plastic rather than conventional glass would be lightness and durability. As for Samsung, the technology could also help lower manufacturing costs as well as differentiate its products from rivals, said an analyst at Shinyoung Securities in the WSJ report.
Hopes that Samsung would not miss the 2012 mark in flex displays for television were shelved this year with reports of problems preventing release of the 55-inch OLED TVs. The idea had been to sell them in time for the London Olympics.
Samsung is considered one of the leaders in OLED display research and the leader in (Active Matrix) AMOLED, where a transistor next to each pixel brings faster response time. OLED Displays are thinner, more efficient and offer better picture quality than LCD or Plasma displays.
As for smartphones, back in March, analysts were already talking about how Samsung was looking at its plastic-backed AMOLED devices to make lightweight, ultra-thin phones with foldable screens. Analysts said they expected to see Samsung apply plastic substrate-based, bendable or curved displays for smartphones with the first products carrying a design where a screen is folded over the edges of a phone, so that the display continues on to the sides. The display would be unbreakable.
As phones, tablets and even laptops move away from typical rigid slab-like constructions, display panels that can withstand the potential punishment of form-factors that are intended to fold (or worn, or maybe even roll up) regularly may become a component of demand.
BOE is one company that may stand to supply this need. A panel it has developed that has just won a Beijing Science and Technology Progress Special Award may be an example of the display material of the future. It is called R5 200,000, where R5 refers to its spec of a bending radius as low as 5mm and 200000 refers to the number of times it can withstand being folded to this extent.
Then again, this R5 200,000 is an outward-facing panel, which means its active (image-showing) side is still visible as it goes through all these folds, whereas most of the flexible-display devices of today do so in the opposite direction. Nevertheless, the company has reportedly announced that this same product is ready for manufacture at a commercial scale.
It will be no stranger to distributing it, either: BOE"s flexible AMOLED displays reportedly accounted for 20.3% of all shipments in this market since their own transition to mass production. Those panels have been bought by companies such as Huawei, LG, Motorola, Nubia and OPPO thus far. Therefore, R5 200.000 may see just as much success in the near future.
Kateeva’s YIELDjet system (pictured here) is a massive version of an inkjet printer. Large glass or plastic substrate sheets are placed on a long, wide platform. A head with custom nozzles moves back and forth, across the substrate, coating it with OLED and other materials.
Based on years of Institute research, MIT spinout Kateeva has developed an “inkjet printing” system that could cut manufacturing costs enough to pave the way for mass-producing flexible and large-screen OLED displays.
Flexible smartphones and color-saturated television displays were some highlights at this year’s Consumer Electronics Showcase, held in January in Las Vegas.
Many of those displays were made using organic light-emitting diodes, or OLEDs — semiconducting films about 100 nanometers thick, made of organic compounds and sandwiched between two electrodes, that emit light in response to electricity. This allows each individual pixel of an OLED screen to emit red, green, and blue, without a backlight, to produce more saturated color and use less energy. The film can also be coated onto flexible, plastic substrates.
But there’s a reason why these darlings of the showroom are not readily available on shelves: They’re not very cost-effective to make en masse. Now, MIT spinout Kateeva has developed an “inkjet printing” system for OLED displays — based on years of Institute research — that could cut manufacturing costs enough to pave the way for mass-producing flexible and large-screen models.
In doing so, Kateeva aims to “fix the last ‘Achilles’ heel’ of the OLED-display industry — which is manufacturing,” says Kateeva co-founder and scientific advisor Vladimir Bulovic, the Fariborz Maseeh Professor of Emerging Technology, who co-invented the technology.
Called YIELDjet, Kateeva’s technology platform is a massive version of an inkjet printer. Large glass or plastic substrate sheets are placed on a long, wide platform. A component with custom nozzles moves rapidly, back and forth, across the substrate, coating it with OLED and other materials — much as a printer drops ink onto paper.
An OLED production line consists of many processes, but Kateeva has developed tools for two specific areas — each using the YIELDjet platform. The first tool, called YIELDjet FLEX, was engineered to enable thin-film encapsulation (TFE). TFE is the process that gives thinness and flexibility to OLED devices; Kateeva hopes flexible displays produced by YIELDjet FLEX will hit the shelves by the end of the year.
The second tool, which will debut later this year, aims to cut costs and defects associated with patterning OLED materials onto substrates, in order to make producing 55-inch screens easier.
By boosting yields, as well as speeding up production, reducing materials, and reducing maintenance time, the system aims to cut manufacturing costs by about 50 percent, says Kateeva co-founder and CEO Conor Madigan SM ’02 PhD ’06. “That combination of improving the speed, improving the yield, and improving the maintenance is what mass-production manufacturers want. Plus, the system is scalable, which is really important as the display industry shifts to larger substrate sizes,” he says.
Traditional TFE processing methods enclose the substrate in a vacuum chamber, where a vapor of the encapsulating film is sprayed onto the substrate through a metal stencil. This process is slow and expensive — primarily because of wasted material — and requires stopping the machine frequently for cleaning. There are also issues with defects, as the coating that hits the chamber walls and stencil can potentially flake off and fall onto the substrate in between adding layers.
But moisture, and even some air particles, can sneak into the chamber, which is deadly to OLEDs: When electricity hits OLEDs contaminated with water and air particles, the resulting chemical reactions reduce the OLEDs’ quality and lifespan. Any displays contaminated during manufacturing are discarded and, to make up for lost yield, companies boost retail prices. Only two companies now sell OLED television displays, with 55-inch models selling for $3,000 to $4,000 — about $1,000 to $3,000 more than their 55-inch LCD and LED counterparts.
YIELDjet FLEX aims to solve many TFE issues. A key innovation is encasing the printer in a nitrogen chamber, cutting exposure to oxygen and moisture, as well as cutting contamination with particles — notorious for diminishing OLED yields — by 10 times over current methods that use vacuum chambers. “Low-particle nitrogen is the best low-cost, inert environment you can use for OLED manufacturing,” Madigan says.
In its TFE process, the YIELDjet precisely coats organic films over the display area as part of the TFE structure. The organic layer flattens and smoothes the surface to provide ideal conditions for depositing the subsequent layers in the TFE structure. Depositing onto a smooth, clean surface dramatically improves the quality of the TFE structure, enabling high yields and reliability, even after repeated flexing and bending, Madigan says.
Kateeva’s other system offers an improvement over the traditional vacuum thermal evaporation (VTE) technique — usually somewhere in the middle of the production line — that uses shadow masks (thin metal squares with stenciled patterns) to drop red, green, and blue OLED materials onto a substrate.
This isn’t necessarily bad for making small, smartphone screens: “If a substrate sheet with, say, 100 small displays on its surface has five defects, you may toss five, and all the rest are perfect,” Madigan explains. And smaller shadow masks are more reliable.
But manufacturers start to lose money when they’re tossing one or two large-screen displays due to particle contamination or defects across the substrate.
Kateeva’s system, which, like its TFE system, is enclosed in a nitrogen chamber, precisely positions substrates — large enough for six 55-inch displays — beneath print heads, which contain hundreds of nozzles. These nozzles are tuned to deposit tiny droplets of OLED material in exact locations to create the display’s pixels. “Doing this over three layers removes the need for shadow masks at larger scales,” Madigan says.
As with its YIELDjet FLEX system, Madigan says this YIELDjet product for OLED TV displays can help manufacturers save more than 50 percent over traditional methods. In January, Kateeva partnered with Sumitomo, a leading OLED-materials supplier, to further optimize the system for volume production.
The idea for Kateeva started in the early 2000s at MIT. Over several years, Madigan, Bulovic, Schmidt, Chen, and Leblanc had become involved in a partnership with Hewlett-Packard (HP) on a project to make printable electronics.
They had developed a variety of methods for manufacturing OLEDs — which Madigan had been studying since his undergraduate years at Princeton University. Other labs at that time were trying to make OLEDs more energy efficient, or colorful, or durable. “But we wanted to do something completely different that would revolutionize the industry, because that’s what we should be doing in a place like MIT,” Madigan says.
A few years before, Bulovic had cut his teeth in the startup scene with QD Vision — which is currently developing quantum-dot technology for LED television displays — and was able to connect the group with local venture capitalists.
Madigan, on the other hand, was sharpening his entrepreneurial skills at the MIT Sloan School of Management. Among other things, the Entrepreneurship Lab class introduced him to the nuts and bolts of startups, including customer acquisition and talking to investors. And Innovation Teams helped him study markets and design products for customer needs. “There was no handbook, but I benefitted a lot from those two classes,” he says.
So in 2012, Kateeva pivoted, switching gears to its YIELDjet system. Today, the system is a platform, Bulovic says, that, in the future, can be tweaked to print solid stage lighting panels, solar cells, nanostructure circuits, and luminescent concentrators, among other things. “All those would be enabled by the semiconductor printer Kateeva has been able to develop,” he says. “OLED displays are just the first application.”
Getting tired of flexible OLED prototypes that are about as ready for retail as that cold fusion reactor your uncle Harry is building in his garage? Yeah, we are too, but it seems the industry is getting a little closer to reality, the latest step coming courtesy of Arizona State University"s Flexible Display Center and Universal Display. Researchers at the pair have managed to produce flexible OLED displays using the same production techniques used to create standard, rather less bendy LCD displays, enabling the transistors that control the pixels to be applied to plastic, rather than the glass they typically find themselves embedded within. They glue a piece of plastic onto glass, feed it through the LCD manufacturing process, then peel the two apart like a high-tech Fruit Roll-Up. That technique was used to create the 4.1-inch monochrome display shown above -- which is for now just another prototype that won"t be showing up in any devices any time soon. [Warning: PDF read link]
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Photo-emissive quantum dot particles are used in LCD backlights and/or display color filters. Quantum dots are excited by the blue light from the display panel to emit pure basic colors, which reduces light losses and color crosstalk in color filters, improving display brightness and color gamut. Light travels through QD layer film and traditional RGB filters made from color pigments, or through QD filters with red/green QD color converters and blue passthrough. Although the QD color filter technology is primarily used in LED-backlit LCDs, it is applicable to other display technologies which use color filters, such as blue/UV AMOLED/QNED/MicroLED display panels.
Electro-emissive or electroluminiscent quantum dot displays are an experimental type of display based on quantum-dot light-emitting diodes (QD-LED; also EL-QLED, ELQD, QDEL). These displays are similar to active-matrix organic light-emitting diode (AMOLED) and MicroLED displays, in that light would be produced directly in each pixel by applying electric current to inorganic nano-particles. Manufacturers asserted that QD-LED displays could support large, flexible displays and would not degrade as readily as OLEDs, making them good candidates for flat-panel TV screens, digital cameras, mobile phones and handheld game consoles.
QDs are either photo-emissive (photoluminescent) or electro-emissive (electroluminescent) allowing them to be readily incorporated into new emissive display architectures.Rec. 2020 color gamut.
The first manufacturer shipping TVs of this kind was Sony in 2013 as Triluminos, Sony"s trademark for the technology.Consumer Electronics Show 2015, Samsung Electronics, LG Electronics, TCL Corporation and Sony showed QD-enhanced LED-backlighting of LCD TVs.Hisense and TCL to produce and market QD-enhanced TVs.
A further development of QD-OLED displays is quantum dot nanorod emitting diode (QNED) displayInGaN/GaN blue nanorod LEDs. Nanorods have a larger emitting surface compared to planar LED, allowing increased efficiency and higher light emission. Nanorod solution is ink-printed on the substrate, then subpixels are aligned in-place by electric current, and QD color convertors are placed on top of red/green subpixels.
Self-emissive quantum dot displays will use electroluminescent QD nanoparticles functioning as Quantum-dot-based LEDs (QD-LEDs or QLEDs) arranged in either active matrix or passive matrix array. Rather than requiring a separate LED backlight for illumination and TFT LCD to control the brightness of color primaries, these QLED displays would natively control the light emitted by individual color subpixels,
The structure of a QD-LED is similar to the basic design of an OLED. The major difference is that the light emitting devices are quantum dots, such as cadmium selenide (CdSe) nanocrystals. A layer of quantum dots is sandwiched between layers of electron-transporting and hole-transporting organic materials. An applied electric field causes electrons and holes to move into the quantum dot layer, where they are captured in the quantum dot and recombine, emitting photons.color gamut from QD-LEDs exceeds the performance of both LCD and OLED display technologies.
Mass production of active-matrix QLED displays using ink-jet printing is expected to begin in 2020–2021.indium phosphide) ink-jet solutions are being researched by Nanosys, Nanoco, Nanophotonica, OSRAM OLED, Fraunhofer IAP, Merck, and Seoul National University, among others.
Performance of QDs is determined by the size and/or composition of the QD structures. Unlike simple atomic structures, a quantum dot structure has the unusual property that energy levels are strongly dependent on the structure"s size. For example, CdSe quantum dot light emission can be tuned from red (5 nm diameter) to the violet region (1.5 nm dot). The physical reason for QD coloration is the quantum confinement effect and is directly related to their energy levels. The bandgap energy that determines the energy (and hence color) of the fluorescent light is inversely proportional to the square of the size of quantum dot. Larger QDs have more energy levels that are more closely spaced, allowing the QD to emit (or absorb) photons of lower energy (redder color). In other words, the emitted photon energy increases as the dot size decreases, because greater energy is required to confine the semiconductor excitation to a smaller volume.
Newer quantum dot structures employ indium instead of cadmium, as the latter is not exempted for use in lighting by the European Commission RoHS directive,
Quantum dots are solution processable and suitable for wet processing techniques. The two major fabrication techniques for QD-LED are called phase separation and contact-printing.
Phase separation is suitable for forming large-area ordered QD monolayers. A single QD layer is formed by spin casting a mixed solution of QD and an organic semiconductor such as TPD (N,N′-Bis(3-methylphenyl)-N,N′-diphenylbenzidine). This process simultaneously yields QD monolayers self-assembled into hexagonally close-packed arrays and places this monolayer on top of a co-deposited contact. During solvent drying, the QDs phase separate from the organic under-layer material (TPD) and rise towards the film"s surface. The resulting QD structure is affected by many parameters: solution concentration, solvent ration, QD size distribution and QD aspect ratio. Also important is QD solution and organic solvent purity.
Although phase separation is relatively simple, it is not suitable for display device applications. Since spin-casting does not allow lateral patterning of different sized QDs (RGB), phase separation cannot create a multi-color QD-LED. Moreover, it is not ideal to have an organic under-layer material for a QD-LED; an organic under-layer must be homogeneous, a constraint which limits the number of applicable device designs.
The contact printing process for forming QD thin films is a solvent-free water-based suspension method, which is simple and cost efficient with high throughput. During the process, the device structure is not exposed to solvents. Since charge transport layers in QD-LED structures are solvent-sensitive organic thin films, avoiding solvent during the process is a major benefit. This method can produce RGB patterned electroluminescent structures with 1000 ppi (pixels-per-inch) resolution.
Nanocrystal displays would render as much as a 30% increase in the visible spectrum, while using 30 to 50% less power than LCDs, in large part because nanocrystal displays wouldn"t need backlighting. QD LEDs are 50–100 times brighter than CRT and LC displays, emitting 40,000 nits (cd/m2). QDs are dispersable in both aqueous and non-aqueous solvents, which provides for printable and flexible displays of all sizes, including large area TVs. QDs can be inorganic, offering the potential for improved lifetimes compared to OLED (however, since many parts of QD-LED are often made of organic materials, further development is required to improve the functional lifetime.) In addition to OLED displays, pick-and-place microLED displays are emerging as competing technologies to nanocrystal displays. Samsung has developed a method for making self-emissive quantum dot diodes with a lifetime of 1 million hours.
Other advantages include better saturated green colors, manufacturability on polymers, thinner display and the use of the same material to generate different colors.
One disadvantage is that blue quantum dots require highly precise timing control during the reaction, because blue quantum dots are just slightly above the minimum size. Since sunlight contains roughly equal luminosities of red, green and blue across the entire spectrum, a display also needs to produce roughly equal luminosities of red, green and blue to achieve pure white as defined by CIE Standard Illuminant D65. However, the blue component in the display can have relatively lower color purity and/or precision (dynamic range) in comparison to green and red, because the human eye is three to five times less sensitive to blue in daylight conditions according to CIE luminosity function.
Society for Information Display, Digest of Technical Papers (9 April 2019). "Next‐Generation Display Technology: Quantum‐Dot LEDs". doi:10.1002/sdtp.10276. Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
Haiwei Chen, Juan He, and Shin-Tson Wu. Recent advances on quantum-dot-enhanced liquid crystal displays. IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics Vol. 23, No. 5 (2017). DOI 10.1109/JSTQE.2017.2649466
Johnson, Dexter (21 November 2017). "Nanosys Wants Printing Quantum Dot Displays to be as Cheap as Printing a T-Shirt". IEEE Spectrum: Technology, Engineering, and Science News. Retrieved 14 January 2019.
Supran, Geoffrey J.; Song, Katherine W.; Hwang, Gyu Weon; Correa, Raoul E.; Scherer, Jennifer; Dauler, Eric A.; Shirasaki, Yasuhiro; Bawendi, Moungi G.; Bulović, Vladimir (1 February 2015). "High-Performance Shortwave-Infrared Light-Emitting Devices Using Core–Shell (PbS–CdS) Colloidal Quantum Dots". Advanced Materials. 27 (8): 1437–1442. Bibcode:2015AdM....27.1437S. doi:10.1002/adma.201404636. ISSN 1521-4095. PMID 25639896. S2CID 205258576.
Coe-Sullivan, Seth; Steckel, Jonathan S.; Kim, LeeAnn; Bawendi, Moungi G.; et al. (2005). Stockman, Steve A; Yao, H. Walter; Schubert, E. Fred (eds.). "Method for fabrication of saturated RGB quantum dot light emitting devices". Progress in Biomedical Optics and Imaging. Light-Emitting Diodes: Research, Manufacturing, and Applications IX. 5739: 108–115. Bibcode:2005SPIE.5739..108C. doi:10.1117/12.590708. S2CID 15829009.
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Higher production volumes of AMOLED screens are fueling rumors that Apple is getting ready to produce an AMOLED iPhone as early as next year. Business Korea says a market research firm, UBI, found that South Korean manufacturers will dominate the global supply of AMOLED panels for years to come, as the amount they produce this year alone is likely to hit 270 million units — that’s 95 percent of global shipments.
These manufacturers, like Samsung Display and LG Display, will rake in about $14.218 billion in sales. Business Korea mentions that Apple will likely “apply the same panel,” and Samsung or LG will partner with the company to produce the AMOLED display. But while we have more evidence of AMOLED panels being produced in greater quantities, we still can’t verify that most of it is indeed for the Cupertino company.
But there has also been a lot of talk about who will actually produce the OLED iPhone screens for Apple. We’ve heard rumors, like the one from Business Korea, that everyone from LG and Samsung to AUO and JDI are in the running.
The latest report of LG ramping up production gives credence to the company being a provider for Apple, but a previous report from ETNews contradicts an earlier rumor from Focus Taiwan, which said Apple might be planning a financial investment in AU Optronics. AUO declined to comment, but its stock price rose more than five percent on the news, with investors confident the deal will bring increased sales.
AUO has been working on AMOLED screens for a decade, amassing quite the portfolio. It recently started supplying Huawei and TCL with AMOLED screens for its smartphones. Similar to previous partnerships with smaller companies, Apple will apparently inject a large chunk of cash to increase the supply and workforce.
In December, another ETNews report (from Reuters) claimed that Apple was “close to a final agreement” with LG and Samsung. The two South Korean giants are reportedly planning to invest more than $12 billion to increase OLED screen production if the deal goes through, some of which may come from Apple.
Japanese news publisher Nikkan also said in November that LG, Samsung, and Japan Display were on Apple’s shortlist for the OLED display contract, with Japan Display even converting an Ishikawa factory into a test site for iPhone displays.
JDI currently provides Apple with LCD panels for the iPhone 6S and 6S Plus, making it one of the favorites for the 2018 job. LG has also supplied iPhone displays in the past, and currently manufactures the display for the Apple Watch. Samsung is the only questionable choice, since the two companies are still fighting legal cases against each other in the United States, but it already works with Apple to manufacture its A9 chipset.
Samsung has a team dedicated to building displays for Apple products, and is the creator of the Super AMOLED brand, used on almost all of Samsung’s high-end Galaxy smartphones. If AUO or LG is incapable of meeting the demand of the iPhone 8, we suspect Samsung will be Apple’s fallback choice, just as it has been for the past few years.
LG is primed for an increase in OLED production, having invested $8.7 billion in a new OLED facility, where it will build panels for TVs, car dashboards, and wearables. The company may be planning capacity upgrades to show off its mass production capabilities to Apple, industry sources suggested to Nikkan. LG is one of the three iPhone 6S display suppliers, and one of the only TV manufacturers currently promoting OLED, while its rivals shun the technology.
A new report from Korea-based ETNews, as quoted by DigiTimes, says that LG Display is finalizing plans to produce 75,000 OLED substrates monthly throughout the first half of 2017, along with an additional 20,000 substrates monthly at its other facilities. Ramping up production may mean we could see LG providing OLED screens for Apple by 2017.
Earlier reports have said Apple wants to switch to OLED in 2017 or 2018, but another report from ETNews suggests a deal between Apple and Samsung has been reached for the iPhone 7, which is most likely coming out later this year. The deal reportedly includes a $7.47 billion investment by Samsung to build an additional display plant, with production expected to begin in the next few months and expand in 2017.
Samsung will allegedly start with an output of 30,000 panels per month, expanding to 45,000 panels per month in 2017. The report claims that Samsung Display, a division inside the South Korean conglomerate, will outsource manufacturing to LG Display, AP System, and HB Technologies to help with the bulk of manufacturing.
It’s unclear whether Apple and its suppliers will be able to get enough OLED screens ready for the iPhone 7, which is expected to launch in September of 2016. Based on previous reports, it seems more likely that Apple will move to OLED screens on later iPhones.
Apple may also be working on new screen technology at a secret laboratory in Taiwan, suggesting it may switch to an improved LCD panel before introducing OLED in the future, or as a backup should the OLED deals not be signed.
Although suppliers often clamor to win Apple contracts, since iPhone sales are typically high, tensions can run high. As we said before Samsung has its beef with Apple in the United States, and both South Korean manufacturers are apparently negotiating hard with Apple over supplying flexible screen panels in the future. Even when Apple thinks the battle has been won things don’t always go swimmingly, as proven with the bankruptcy of GT Advanced Systems — Apple’s sapphire crystal glass supplier.
Of course, none of this is official yet, and it’s unlikely that OLED panels will grace the iPhone 7, according to the oft-correct analyst Ming-Chi Kuo. However, these new rumors suggest it may not be long before Apple moves away from LCD screens, and the company is apparently in talks with all of the potential display manufacturers. We’ll keep you updated here.