space engineers lcd panel 1.19 quotation

The various LCD Panel blocks are a great way to add a human touch to a ship or base by displaying useful images or text. For LCD configuration and usage, see LCD Surface Options.

Note: Some functional blocks, such as Cockpits, Programmable Blocks, Custom Turret Controllers, and Button Panels, have customizable LCD surfaces built in that work the same way as LCD Panel blocks, which are also discussed in detail under LCD Surface Options.

LCD Panels need to be built on a powered grid to work. Without power, they display an "Offline" text. While powered without having a text, image, or script set up, they display "Online".

LCD Panel blocks come in a variety of sizes from tiny to huge (see list below) and are available for large and small grid sizes. Note that LCD Panel blocks all have connections on their backs, and very few also on a second side.

All LCD Panels and LCD surfaces work with the same principle: They are capable of displaying dynamic scripts, or few inbuilt static images accompanied by editable text. Access the ship"s Control Panel Screen to configure LCD Panels or LCD surfaces; or face the LCD Panel block and press "K".

A Text Panel, despite its name, can also display images. On large grid, it is rectangular and does not fully cover the side of a 1x1x1 block. On small grid it is 1x1x1, the smallest possible LCD block in game.

On large grid, you choose the Text Panel when you need something that has rectangular dimensions that make it look like a wall-mounted TV or computer screen. If you want to display images, this one works best with the built-in posters whose names end in "H" or "V" (for horizontal or vertical rotation). On Small grid, you place these tiny display surfaces so you can see them well while seated in a cockpit or control seat, to create a custom display array of flight and status information around you.

Corner LCDs are much smaller display panels that typically hold a few lines of text. They don"t cover the block you place them on and are best suited as signage for doors, passages, or containers. They are less suitable for displaying images, even though it"s possible. If you enable the "Keep aspect ratio" option, the image will take up less than a third of the available space.

These huge Sci-Fi LCD Panels come in sizes of 5x5, 5x3, and 3x3 blocks, and can be built on large grids only. These panels are only available to build if you purchase the "Sparks of the Future" pack DLC.

They work the same as all other LCD Panels, the only difference is that they are very large. In the scenario that comes with the free "Sparks of the Future" update, they are used prominently as advertisement boards on an asteroid station.

This LCD panel can be built on large and small grids. The transparent LCD is basically a 1x1x1 framed window that displays images and text. It is part of the paid "Decorative Blocks Pack #2" DLC.

What is special about them is that if you set the background color to black, this panel becomes a transparent window with a built-in display. In contrast to other LCD Panels it has no solid backside, which makes it ideal to construct transparent cockpit HUDs, or simply as cosmetic decoration.

While configuring an LCD Panel, the GUI covers up the display in-world and you can"t see how the text or images comes out. In the UI Options, you can lower the UI Background opacity to be translucent, so you can watch what you are doing more easily.

Everything you will ever need to know about your ship and station displayed in real time on LCD panels in any vanilla games. modded games and servers! Now with cockpit panels support!

Thank all of you for making amazing creations with this script, using it and helping each other use it. Its 2022 - it"s been 7 years already since I uploaded first Configurable Automatic LCDs script and you are all still using it (in "a bit" upgraded form). Its just amazing :)

Every captain wants to have displays that show some useful info. Make your bridge display damaged blocks in engineering, engine room, etc. Make big screen by joining multiple Wide LCDs! Show power output, batteries status, laser antenna connections and much more. Make your docking bay display which landing gears are occupied. Make screens for docking fighers when landing gear is ready to dock so they can nicely see it from cockpit! Make one LCD per container to see its contents.. and much more!

Open your programmable block, click Edit, click Browse Workshop, select Automatic LCDs 2, click OK, Check code, Remember & Exit. Done. Your script is now updated.

If you have problem with some command then read the guide section for that command and make sure you use it correctly. Try to use it on separate LCD by itself so it"s easier for you to see the issue and definitely try some examples!

(d)The division may ascertain the condition of public records and shall give advice and assistance to public officials to solve problems related to the preservation, creation, filing, and public accessibility of public records in their custody. Public officials shall assist the division by preparing an inclusive inventory of categories of public records in their custody. The division shall establish a time period for the retention or disposal of each series of records. Upon the completion of the inventory and schedule, the division shall, subject to the availability of necessary space, staff, and other facilities for such purposes, make space available in its records center for the filing of semicurrent records so scheduled and in its archives for noncurrent records of permanent value, and shall render such other assistance as needed, including the microfilming of records so scheduled.

History.—s. 7, ch. 67-125; s. 4, ch. 75-225; s. 2, ch. 77-60; s. 2, ch. 77-75; s. 2, ch. 77-94; s. 2, ch. 77-156; s. 2, ch. 78-81; ss. 2, 4, 6, ch. 79-187; s. 2, ch. 80-273; s. 1, ch. 81-245; s. 1, ch. 82-95; s. 36, ch. 82-243; s. 6, ch. 83-215; s. 2, ch. 83-269; s. 1, ch. 83-286; s. 5, ch. 84-298; s. 1, ch. 85-18; s. 1, ch. 85-45; s. 1, ch. 85-73; s. 1, ch. 85-86; s. 7, ch. 85-152; s. 1, ch. 85-177; s. 4, ch. 85-301; s. 2, ch. 86-11; s. 1, ch. 86-21; s. 1, ch. 86-109; s. 2, ch. 87-399; s. 2, ch. 88-188; s. 1, ch. 88-384; s. 1, ch. 89-29; s. 7, ch. 89-55; s. 1, ch. 89-80; s. 1, ch. 89-275; s. 2, ch. 89-283; s. 2, ch. 89-350; s. 1, ch. 89-531; s. 1, ch. 90-43; s. 63, ch. 90-136; s. 2, ch. 90-196; s. 4, ch. 90-211; s. 24, ch. 90-306; ss. 22, 26, ch. 90-344; s. 116, ch. 90-360; s. 78, ch. 91-45; s. 11, ch. 91-57; s. 1, ch. 91-71; s. 1, ch. 91-96; s. 1, ch. 91-130; s. 1, ch. 91-149; s. 1, ch. 91-219; s. 1, ch. 91-288; ss. 43, 45, ch. 92-58; s. 90, ch. 92-152; s. 59, ch. 92-289; s. 217, ch. 92-303; s. 1, ch. 93-87; s. 2, ch. 93-232; s. 3, ch. 93-404; s. 4, ch. 93-405; s. 4, ch. 94-73; s. 1, ch. 94-128; s. 3, ch. 94-130; s. 67, ch. 94-164; s. 1, ch. 94-176; s. 1419, ch. 95-147; ss. 1, 3, ch. 95-170; s. 4, ch. 95-207; s. 1, ch. 95-320; ss. 1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 11, 12, 14, 15, 16, 18, 19, 20, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, ch. 95-398; s. 1, ch. 95-399; s. 121, ch. 95-418; s. 3, ch. 96-178; s. 1, ch. 96-230; s. 5, ch. 96-268; s. 4, ch. 96-290; s. 41, ch. 96-406; s. 18, ch. 96-410; s. 1, ch. 97-185; s. 1, ch. 98-9; s. 7, ch. 98-137; s. 1, ch. 98-255; s. 1, ch. 98-259; s. 128, ch. 98-403; s. 2, ch. 99-201; s. 27, ch. 2000-164; s. 54, ch. 2000-349; s. 1, ch. 2001-87; s. 1, ch. 2001-108; s. 1, ch. 2001-249; s. 29, ch. 2001-261; s. 33, ch. 2001-266; s. 1, ch. 2001-364; s. 1, ch. 2002-67; ss. 1, 3, ch. 2002-257; s. 2, ch. 2002-391; s. 11, ch. 2003-1; s. 1, ch. 2003-100; ss. 1, 2, ch. 2003-110; s. 1, ch. 2003-137; ss. 1, 2, ch. 2003-157; ss. 1, 2, ch. 2004-9; ss. 1, 2, ch. 2004-32; ss. 1, 2, ch. 2004-62; ss. 1, 3, ch. 2004-95; s. 7, ch. 2004-335; ss. 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 38, ch. 2005-251; s. 74, ch. 2005-277; s. 1, ch. 2007-39; ss. 2, 4, ch. 2007-251; s. 1, ch. 2021-173.

History.—s. 4, ch. 75-225; ss. 2, 3, 4, 6, ch. 79-187; s. 1, ch. 82-95; s. 1, ch. 83-286; s. 5, ch. 84-298; s. 1, ch. 85-18; s. 1, ch. 85-45; s. 1, ch. 85-86; s. 4, ch. 85-301; s. 2, ch. 86-11; s. 1, ch. 86-21; s. 1, ch. 86-109; s. 2, ch. 88-188; s. 1, ch. 88-384; s. 1, ch. 89-80; s. 63, ch. 90-136; s. 4, ch. 90-211; s. 78, ch. 91-45; s. 1, ch. 91-96; s. 1, ch. 91-149; s. 90, ch. 92-152; s. 1, ch. 93-87; s. 2, ch. 93-232; s. 3, ch. 93-404; s. 4, ch. 93-405; s. 1, ch. 94-128; s. 3, ch. 94-130; s. 1, ch. 94-176; s. 1419, ch. 95-147; ss. 1, 3, ch. 95-170; s. 4, ch. 95-207; s. 1, ch. 95-320; ss. 3, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 11, 12, 14, 15, 16, 18, 20, 25, 29, 31, 32, 33, 34, ch. 95-398; s. 3, ch. 96-178; s. 41, ch. 96-406; s. 18, ch. 96-410; s. 1, ch. 98-9; s. 7, ch. 98-137; s. 1, ch. 98-259; s. 2, ch. 99-201; s. 27, ch. 2000-164; s. 1, ch. 2001-249; s. 29, ch. 2001-261; s. 1, ch. 2001-361; s. 1, ch. 2001-364; s. 1, ch. 2002-67; ss. 1, 3, ch. 2002-256; s. 1, ch. 2002-257; ss. 2, 3, ch. 2002-391; s. 11, ch. 2003-1; s. 1, ch. 2003-16; s. 1, ch. 2003-100; s. 1, ch. 2003-137; ss. 1, 2, ch. 2003-157; ss. 1, 2, ch. 2004-9; ss. 1, 2, ch. 2004-32; ss. 1, 3, ch. 2004-95; s. 7, ch. 2004-335; s. 4, ch. 2005-213; s. 41, ch. 2005-236; ss. 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, ch. 2005-251; s. 14, ch. 2006-1; s. 1, ch. 2006-158; s. 1, ch. 2006-180; s. 1, ch. 2006-181; s. 1, ch. 2006-211; s. 1, ch. 2006-212; s. 13, ch. 2006-224; s. 1, ch. 2006-284; s. 1, ch. 2006-285; s. 1, ch. 2007-93; s. 1, ch. 2007-95; s. 1, ch. 2007-250; s. 1, ch. 2007-251; s. 1, ch. 2008-41; s. 2, ch. 2008-57; s. 1, ch. 2008-145; ss. 1, 3, ch. 2008-234; s. 1, ch. 2009-104; ss. 1, 2, ch. 2009-150; s. 1, ch. 2009-169; ss. 1, 2, ch. 2009-235; s. 1, ch. 2009-237; s. 1, ch. 2010-71; s. 1, ch. 2010-171; s. 1, ch. 2011-83; s. 1, ch. 2011-85; s. 1, ch. 2011-115; s. 1, ch. 2011-140; s. 48, ch. 2011-142; s. 1, ch. 2011-201; s. 1, ch. 2011-202; s. 1, ch. 2012-149; s. 1, ch. 2012-214; s. 1, ch. 2012-216; s. 1, ch. 2013-69; s. 119, ch. 2013-183; s. 1, ch. 2013-220; s. 1, ch. 2013-243; s. 1, ch. 2013-248; s. 1, ch. 2014-72; s. 1, ch. 2014-94; s. 1, ch. 2014-105; s. 1, ch. 2014-172; s. 1, ch. 2015-37; s. 1, ch. 2015-41; s. 1, ch. 2015-86; s. 1, ch. 2015-146; s. 1, ch. 2016-6; s. 1, ch. 2016-27; s. 1, ch. 2016-49; s. 1, ch. 2016-159; s. 1, ch. 2016-164; s. 1, ch. 2016-178; s. 1, ch. 2016-214; s. 2, ch. 2017-11; s. 1, ch. 2017-53; s. 1, ch. 2017-66; s. 1, ch. 2017-96; s. 1, ch. 2017-103; s. 1, ch. 2018-2; s. 1, ch. 2018-53; s. 1, ch. 2018-60; s. 1, ch. 2018-64; s. 1, ch. 2018-77; s. 8, ch. 2018-110; s. 1, ch. 2018-117; s. 1, ch. 2018-146; s. 1, ch. 2018-147; s. 26, ch. 2019-3; s. 1, ch. 2019-12; s. 1, ch. 2019-28; ss. 1, 3, ch. 2019-46; s. 1, ch. 2020-13; s. 1, ch. 2020-34; s. 1, ch. 2020-170; s. 1, ch. 2020-183; s. 1, ch. 2021-48; s. 1, ch. 2021-52; s. 1, ch. 2021-105; s. 30, ch. 2021-170; s. 1, ch. 2021-182; s. 3, ch. 2021-215; s. 1, ch. 2022-88; s. 1, ch. 2022-107; s. 1, ch. 2022-172.

For anyone curious following this. You can still use traditional LCD panels and the WriteText() method for your updating displays in dedicated servers.

For anyone curious following this. You can still use traditional LCD panels and the WriteText() method for your updating displays in dedicated servers.

Joined my friend"s game hosted by him. Non-dedicated server. I made a blueprint with a couple scripts loaded in, tested that everything worked in single player, but when we used it in multiplayer only the host could see the scripts update. The text doesn"t get sent to clients. It updates every detail of a panel but not the text. All LCDs, cockpit LCDs, programmable block LCDs, etc don"t update. Opening the panel shows there is no text but the host confirmed the panel is not blank and is updating for him.

Joined my friend"s game hosted by him. Non-dedicated server. I made a blueprint with a couple scripts loaded in, tested that everything worked in single player, but when we used it in multiplayer only the host could see the scripts update. The text doesn"t get sent to clients. It updates every detail of a panel but not the text. All LCDs, cockpit LCDs, programmable block LCDs, etc don"t update. Opening the panel shows there is no text but the host confirmed the panel is not blank and is updating for him.

The field of information technology provides many examples of the enabling role of optical technology. Often these enablers are small in size or cost but have an impact on a grand scale in large systems and applications. A tiny semiconductor laser, for example, enables the building of an optical transmitter, which enables a transmission system, which enables the construction of a telecommunications network, which enables the delivery of information age services such as multimedia or the Internet. Another example is the optical fiber, which enables the construction of an optical cable, which enables the construction of a network, and so on. A third example is the liquid crystal, which enables the flat-panel display, without which the laptop computer could not exist. These chains of enablers make it difficult to place firm dollar values on individual component technologies; components such as lasers or fibers are relatively inexpensive, but the service revenues of telecommunications networks are in the hundreds of billions of dollars. Box 1.2 gives a more detailed illustration of the enabling devices for long-haul information transport systems.

Four major application areas of optical information transport are discussed in this section: (1) long-distance transmission, (2) fiber to the home, (3) analog transmission, and (4) optical communications in space.

Early metropolitan applications, such as those in the San Francisco Bay area, highlighted optical transmission"s advantages. The Bay Area system, introduced in 1980, provided digital transmission at 45 megabits per second (Mb/s) with a repeater spacing of 7 km. This spacing was already sufficient to allow links between telephone offices to be direct, with no need for electronics outside the buildings. The ptical system also helped to save space in metropolitan cable ducts since a single fiber replaced the earlier T1 carrier"s 28 pairs of copper wires, with a capacity of 1.5 Mb/s per pair.

At microwave frequencies, direct modulation of semiconductor lasers or modulators is possible. At millimeter-wave frequencies (30 to 100 GHz), more sophisticated techniques are needed. In some respects, optical fiber is the only medium that can transport millimeter waves over any appreciable distance, because the attenuation of free space for millimeter waves is very large compared with the attenuation of fiber.

In the past decade, satellite communications have developed into a booming commercial market, global in nature but dominated by the United States. Currently valued at about $15 billion per year, this market is expected to grow to at least $30 billion per year in the next decade, or even more if mobile satellite communication services are deployed successfully. Fixed satellite services are relatively mature; their projected growth is a modest 10% per year. Direct broadcast satellites will see more rapid growth of at least 50% per year. Governments have long used satellites for a variety of communications missions (Figure 1.7), and the Department of Defense (DOD), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), and other government agencies will continue to launch and maintain dedicated satellite links, but they are expected to use commercial links more and more to save costs.

Intersatellite cross-links can be either optical or radio frequency. The shorter wavelength of optical systems allows modest telescope sizes and transmission at a high data rate. Significant weight, power, and size advantages are realized over RF systems of similar performance, especially at very high data rates. However, optical space communications is still an emerging technology, with a checkered history. Many tough technical issues are yet to be resolved, and their solutions must be demonstrated before the technology is mature enough for deployment. Among these critical technology and system issues are transmitter and receiver technology; spatial acquisition and tracking of very narrow beams; optical-mechanical-thermal engineering of high-precision optical systems for space use; and a good understanding of system architectures and techniques for design, fabrication, integration, quality assurance, and risk mitigation. These are mainly engineering issues.

The United States has a history of major disappointments in this field. More than $1 billion has been spent, without yet producing a working optical link in space. The failed attempts can be traced to unsuccessful technology development, poor understanding of system

engineering, lack of satellite payload integration experience, and lack of creativity of the technical teams assigned to the programs. The know-how needed to successfully deploy optical communications in space does exist in U.S. universities and federally funded laboratories, but an effective mechanism must be devised to transfer the technology to the U.S. aerospace industry. Specifically, U.S. satellite communications companies, although they collectively possess many of the critical technical ingredients, seem unwilling to make the major investment necessary to aggressively pursue the development of an optical cross-link payload comparable in quality and lifetime with RF links. Most U.S. companies are studying optical links, but their strategies stress RF.

As technology advances, optical cross-links look more attractive, but detailed analyses of costs, benefits, and risks require the development of actual space-qualified optical communications payloads that are competitive with RF cross-links. As the Federal Communications Commission encourages the construction of global satellite networks, the requirement for several cross-link terminals per satellite, which is difficult for large RF antennae, is expected to become a strong motivation for optical cross-links. So far, however, neither industry nor government has made the financial commitment necessary to fund such an effort in the United States. As a result, if the market develops, the United States is likely to enter it late.

European and Japanese companies are not as reluctant as U.S. companies to proceed with a commercial payload. In Europe and Japan, government and industry have joined forces in long-term R&D in this area for the past 6 to 7 years. Notably, the European Space Agency"s Semiconductor Intersatellite Laser Experiment (SILEX) represents a payload investment of approximately $250 million, to be launched soon. Japan is planning to launch the Optical Intersatellite Communication Engineering Test Satellite (OICETS) to link with Europe"s ARTEMIS in 1998 and later with Japan"s own geosynchronous relay COMET. The commercial low-Earth-orbit satellite constellations for mobile phone and small-terminal data services will be a lucrative outlet for such technology.

Multiplexing, or placing many simultaneous calls on a single line, may occur by dividing up the signals in time, space, or wavelength. When signals are multiplexed, they can travel either through fixed circuits or in separately addressed packets. The system architecture determines when and how much the signals in different channels are multiplexed.

In space-division multiplexing, different signals travel on different fibers. Each fiber can be routed in a different direction, connected to the various nodes of the system. This approach reduces the need for switching.

Two-dimensional array interconnects are being researched now; experimental systems using "smart pixel" technology, for example, are demonstrating thousands of high-speed optical interconnects directly off the surface of silicon chips using free-space optics or fiber bundles.

An example of the use of 2D-array interconnects in an experimental free-space photonic switch is sketched above. In the smart-pixel version of such a system, electronics performs the logic functions and optics performs the interconnections.

Future applications of optical processing and computing lie in processing, storing, and displaying large space bandwidth product data. The need to perform these functions efficiently will grow rapidly in the information age of the next millennium. Furthermore, these functions exploit a primary advantage of optics (parallelism) in applications that have an optics-only solution (image display). It is in these computer peripherals, and in the interconnects between computers and peripheral devices, that optics fits best into computing. The size of the market is not yet defined, however, since the technologies are still under development.

Optical information processing faces some grand challenges: cost reduction of optical and optoelectronic components, packaged subsystems, and full systems; seamless merging of optics and electronics; optoelectronic device development driven by systems needs and system design driven by device realities; and full exploitation of wavelength, space, and time with optics.

Another method of increasing effective storage density is to use multilayers—data layers separated by thin transparent spacers or air gaps. The high numerical aperture of the focusing objective ensures that there is minimum cross talk between layers as close as 10 or 20 microns. Read-only systems with 50 layers and WORM or erasable systems with 20 layers are feasible. DVD technology, for example, will use four layers, two on each side of a double-sided disk. Extending this technology to many more layers will require development of the requisite manufacturing capability, as well as innovative optical design to control the aberrations encountered in imaging layers at different depths.

Although the CRT was (and still is) the cheapest display technology, several drawbacks have become apparent. CRTs are heavy and occupy a large volume, require high voltages, and consume more power than their flat counterpart, the liquid crystal display (LCD). They are very hard to read in direct sunlight. Given these system constraints, it is unlikely that the CRT will achieve the futuristic vision of a ""hang-on-the-wall" television. To realize this vision, research started in the late 1960s and early 1970s on flat-panel display (FPD) technologies, including flat electroluminescence displays, field emission displays, plasma displays, and LCDs. The most successful and prolific of these is the LCD.

FIGURE 1.18 Predictions made in 1993 of relative mass market prices for several key display technologies. Studies such as this are an important basis for the expectation that major market segments will be dominated by different technologies: LCDs for medium-sized displays, CRTs for large displays, and PDPs or projection displays for very large displays. NOTE: PDP = plasma display panel. (Courtesy of NHK.)

The advent of the liquid crystal display has changed the CRTs dominance of the display market. There are now two dominant mass display market segments: medium-sized displays (about 10.4 to 12.1 inches along the diagonal) and large displays (greater than 15 inches). Medium-sized displays, mostly LCDs, principally serve the computer sector, such as laptops and PCs. Large displays, mostly CRTs, principally serve the television entertainment sector. In addition there are important niche markets for small displays, projection displays, very large displays, and displays for military and avionics needs.

The initial twisted-nematic (TN) LCDs were less than 2 inches (diagonal) and were used primarily in calculators, watches, radios, and later, miniature television sets. Almost all of these displays were manufactured in Japan. At the time, it was not clear that LCDs could be scaled to larger sizes. Japan continued to invest in the development of LCD

technology, whereas the United States focused on such new technologies as electroluminescence and field emission FPDs. It is estimated that Japan has invested more than $3 billion in scaling up the LCD technology to produce medium-sized (10.4-inch) actively addressed LCDs, originally invented by Peter Brody at Westinghouse Corporation.

A fortuitous collision of technological innovations occurred with the advent of the personal computer and subsequently the portable, laptop computer. These systems required medium-sized displays. Without such a parallel development, Japan might have lost its huge R&D investment in LCDs. Instead, by 1991, Japan had the largest share of a billion-dollar LCD market. The subsequent development of active-matrix liquid crystal displays (AMLCDs) produced higher-contrast displays. By 1996, the annual LCD market had reached $7.5 billion; it is expected to grow to more than $20 billion by 2001 (Figure 1.19).

Medium-sized displays are now produced in the tens of millions of units a year. Typically 10.4 to 12.1 inches in diagonal, AMLCDs for laptop computers have become a commodity, selling for less than $500; prices are still dropping by 20% or more per year. It appears unlikely that the United States can compete in the commercial and consumer markets that require displays in this format, at least in the near term.

Although the size of the FPD industry alone is considerable, it is an enabling technology for even larger collateral markets in display components, systems, and applications. The most obvious example is the laptop computer, which simply could not exist without the medium-sized flat-panel display. The market values of enabled technologies such as electronic display drivers ($20 billion), computer and peripheral systems ($200 billion total), and evolving two- and three-dimensional augmented reality systems and games (probably more than $100 billion by 2003) approach a total of $300 billion in leveraged commerce.

The success of the LCD has now made it the entrenched technology in the mass market for medium-sized displays. Experts doubt, however, that AMLCD technology can be economically scaled up to the large and very large displays (more than 16 inches). This means that there are opportunities for new technologies to meet the needs of current niche markets such as those for very large and very small displays.

Handheld displays will probably have a footprint smaller than a 3 x 5 inch notecard. Although miniature AMLCDs (less than 0.7 inch) can be used in these applications, cost limitations may necessitate the use of passively addressed twisted- or supertwisted-nematic (STN) LCDs. Emissive technologies such as field emission and electroluminescence offer wider viewing angles than LCDs, an advantage for handheld devices. It is estimated that by 2001 the industrial tablet market will reach $2.6 billion, with personal digital assistants reaching $500 million and the game market growing exponentially.

Projection displays can be considered a close relative of the slide projector. A key difference is that the "slide" is changeable in real-time, under the control of a computer or an electronic terminal. The system projects large images onto a screen or the wall, but the technology for "changing the slide" is closely related to that of miniature LCDs.

For boardroom, classroom, or family room wall-sized displays, electronic projectors using LCD or micromirror technology are being commercialized by several U.S. companies. These systems use 1.3-inch active-matrix displays made on glass for transmission displays or on a silicon substrate when used in reflection. The latter presents an opportunity for the U.S. semiconductor industry. According to the Semiconductor Industry Association"s National Technology Roadmap for Semiconductors, growth in this industry will be produced by the following:

and future HDTV. Currently this is a niche market, but it has the potential to grow into a mass market. Conventional LCDs and CRTs are not expected to be scalable to these large sizes at a reasonable cost. Two flat-panel technologies now under development promise to reach 40-inch size, plasma displays and plasma-addressed LCDs. The United States has a technology edge in large plasma displays, and the development of a 21-inch full-color display with 1280 x 1024 resolution was announced in 1995. Plasma-addressed LCDs were invented in the United States (at Tektronix) but have already been licensed to Sony. As for other display technologies, a challenge for U.S. industry is to develop a high-volume, low-cost manufacturing capability before the mass market develops.

Government support of the flat-panel display industry has provided strong innovative impulses and has been a critical element in establishing a strong technology position in the current niche markets for small displays and very large displays. This could provide the catalyst and basis for U.S. reentry into the commercial and consumer markets, particularly if niche markets show fast growth and become mass markets. It should be stressed, however, that successful reentry will depend critically on the development of a high-volume, low-cost manufacturing capability. Note that the market for military displays is no more than 5% of the worldwide mass display markets. These mass markets can generate $3 billion to $4 billion annually in R&D resources that can be used to place their low-cost manufacturing on a fast learning curve. U.S. efforts toward reentry have to be measured against these vast resources.

Academic research on displays is limited to less than a dozen U.S. universities. The most notable academic program is at Kent State University, which has focused on building a center of excellence in liquid crystal technology. Other noteworthy university programs include Princeton University (organic luminescent displays), the University of Michigan (AMLCDs), the University of Colorado at Boulder (ferroelectric LCDs and liquid crystal on silicon), Georgia Tech (liquid crystal on silicon), and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (liquid crystal on silicon). It is often claimed that U.S. universities find it difficult to obtain research contracts for display work.

optical and optoelectronic components, packaged subsystems, and full systems. It should strive for a seamless merger of optics and electronics via improved systems integration and device integration. Optoelectronic device development should be driven by systems needs, and system design by device realities. Designers of optical information processing systems should more fully exploit wavelength, space, and time.

Display technology is critical for the development of new information systems and services. Major change is transforming the display market and creating new opportunities for innovation. Once dominated by the CRT, the market is now split into two mass markets of about $20 billion each, plus a few niche markets. The mass market for large displays (greater than 15 inches, mostly televisions) is still dominated by the CRT, while the mass market for medium-sized displays (less than 15 inches, mostly computers) is dominated by LCDs. The U.S. military finds displays critical and has to maintain core competence in this field; however, military needs support only a small niche of the display market.

No major innovations in CRT technology are expected, and scaling CRTs to very large sizes (greater than 40 inches) is expected to be difficult and costly. There are two approaches to overcoming this barrier for large workstation, simulator, and television applications: plasma displays and plasma-addressed LCDs.

In medium-sized displays, there is a convergence of the computer and television formats. The industry standard is the active-matrix LCD, manufactured for 10.4-inch laptop computer applications. More than 10 million such displays were sold in 1996. The future trend for AMLCDs will be to increase their size to 12.4 inches and eventually to 14.1 inches.

Although many currently used display technologies were invented in the United States, their development is for the most part carried on overseas, as is 95% of display manufacturing. The United States still has a lead in the development of very large and very small emissive and reflective display technology. Translating U.S. inventions into a share of the global market requires further R&D on display systems and applications. This competence is currently scattered and limited to a handful of U.S. universities and less than a dozen small and medium-sized companies. Because of the rapid learning curve and the large R&D resources (about $2 billion) generated by the mass market—heavy Japanese and Korean investment in low-cost manufacturing technology is expected to result in improved performance while lowering prices by at least 20% per year—it will be extremely difficult to displace liquid crystals from the mass market for medium-sized flat-panel displays. Major opportunities exist for new technologies to enter the niche markets for small displays, projection displays, and very large displays, and in the long term, the U.S. lead in these niche technologies, leveraged by investment in military displays, may establish a base for U.S. reentry into the mass consumer and commercial markets.

You can select “Execution Order Overlay” and “Execution Order Columns” in the Autotrace/Explain Plan Preferences pane to display the row source order execution for SQL queries in the Explain Plan panel.

Hmm, I put text in both the public and private data fields in my lcd screens and they never show the text that"s on them when simply looking at them with my character (only if I open the screen). Aren"t they supposed to simply show on the wall?