tft lcd loses cohesion factory

In May, the media reported that Samsung to sell L7-2 and L8-2-1 two LCD panel factory part of the equipment; June, the media reported that Panasonic decided to withdraw from the LCD panel business in 2021, its Himeji 8.5 generation plant production equipment will be auctioned for bidding.

For example, huaxing photoelectric investment of 35 billion yuan in guangzhou 8.6 generation line T9 project just completed “bidding “. This will be the world’s one-time planning of the largest single production capacity of one of the 8.6 generation LCD panel project. — In fact, the domestic mainstream large-size display panel manufacturers, BOE, Huaxing photoelectric and Huike are expanding “LCD” production capacity.

In accordance with the original industry chain planning, 2020 South Korea LG and Samsung have been prepared to completely withdraw and shut down all LCD panel manufacturing projects.

Even so, in 2021, with the launch of vaccination, the new crown epidemic into the “post-era”. Display panel demand growth tends to stagnate, the high price trend is eager to usher in a turnaround at the end of the year. LG and Samsung choose to finally implement the “LCD panel shutdown” decision, not surprisingly.

And Japan’s LCD panel industry chain has been in the “lowest level of operation N years”. Sharp sold out to Taiwan-invested enterprises, specializing in small and medium-sized LCD panels JDI has said to enter the OLED field, Panasonic can hold on to the possibility of “from the industry chain cluster perspective has been zero. Japanese display industry in the LCD panel continues to do subtraction, which is the expected thing.

In the last 5 years, China’s Taiwan region also did not “new planning” brand new large LCD panel project – Taiwan enterprises Honghai commitment to invest in the United States LCD panel project also “repeatedly shrink “, whether there will be the following and not fixed; Taiwan’s regional enterprises capacity changes are the most important in 2016 to put into operation an 8.6 generation line, and cooperation with Japan Sharp in Guangzhou construction of 10.5 generation line.

Therefore, it can be said that the global LCD panel new investment is almost all concentrated in China’s mainland region. Especially in 2021 is the trend of “others retreat, we advance” the reverse movement. What is the secret behind this? The answer is actually very obvious.

For example, huaxing photoelectric guangzhou T9 project is 8.6 generation line panel;is on the amount of juice Changsha project is also 8.6 generation line – before huike Chongqing and Chuzhou project, is also 8.6 generation line, as the world’s last rise of large-size LCD panel enterprises, huike to create the world’s largest 8.6 generation line cluster capacity; at the same time 2021 BOE and Huaxing photoelectric is also vigorously expanding 10.5 / 11 generation line capacity.

2020-2021 LCD panel out of the “most fierce ever strong cycle”, thereafter will certainly be in the “consumer overdraft” effect under the “production line efficiency” battle. At this time, the mainland enterprises by virtue of the total scale advantage, industry chain supporting advantages, and generation line leading advantage, competitiveness will be more prominent. In this context, Korean and Japanese enterprises take advantage of the second-hand equipment prices are okay, selling the corresponding equipment, is the best choice.

According to media reports, the Samsung panel line trend is a strategic decision. Samsung Electronics Vice President Lee Jae-yong personally involved in the decision to withdraw the LCD project. Lee also personally announced a plan to invest 13 trillion won in next-generation display technology development by 2025. Among them, the QD-OLED screen is an important direction.

Aiming at the next generation, a new round of competition for display panels has already begun. For example, BOE Chongqing 6 generation OLED line is moving in equipment; Huaxing photoelectric in Guangzhou planning a T8 printed OLED 8.5 generation line project; Huike is also preparing to validate OLED technology on the Changsha project. …… South Korea LG is currently upgrading Guangzhou 8.5 generation OLED production capacity, and accelerate the construction of South Korea 10.5 generation OLED project. It is reported that Samsung sold LCD panel project, the vacated plant, and equipment which will also be imported to the 6 generation OLED and future high generation QD-OLED production capacity.

A certain perspective, Japanese companies out of the LCD panel camp, is indeed a “retreat”; and Korean companies are making space for OLED LCD – is to “change the road to overtake the car “, its planning is to rival “new technology downgrade strike”.

This background, the domestic LCD industry, still expanding the LCD production capacity is “worth” and “wise” becomes a problem: in fact, OLED or MICRO-LED, QLED and so on, are facing two problems.

First, with the LCD shared glass substrate TFT capacity, that is, the LCD panel line more than half of the investment in the future display panel is universal.

There are color TV and commercial display products, the development of large size “demand fierce”. The latter needs “in line with the trend of large size” of new production capacity construction. Almost all of the domestic 5 years of LCD panel new line construction, and the current capacity enhancement project, are around this trend. Is also precisely the domestic mainland enterprises to take the lead in this step, to establish the “competitive advantage” of the LCD panel manufacturing industry in Japan, South Korea, and Taiwan, and other regions.

The immediate, short, and medium-term demand for large-size LCD is still growing rapidly, which is not contradictory to the long-term view that must be the world of next-generation technology.

The sooner the next-generation technology can not achieve the standardization of technical routes, the longer the life of the LCD large size market.” That is, the risk of the domestic LCD panel industry does not lie in the “next generation” itself, but in the next generation of technology process route selection and “capacity expansion direction of the switch” timing issues.

At present, the domestic display panel two leaders, BOE and Huaxing photoelectric have built a vapor deposition technology process of the 6th generation OLED line and carried out vapor deposition and printing process of large-size OLED technology verification experiments. Domestic display industry in the next generation of technology investment is not significantly behind – due to the domestic panel sector in the large size of the LCD lead, the actual result, the domestic display panel companies to actively introduce large-size OLED urgency is not strong, this aspect of the domestic enterprises can go more relaxed some.

Therefore, in the display panel industry chain and the future-oriented supply battle, the domestic display industry has advantages and disadvantages, the overall advantage is greater than the disadvantages, the recent advantages are particularly obvious. Korean and Japanese companies selling LCD panel equipment, which does not constitute a reason to deny the legitimacy of investment in the domestic LCD industry chain. However, the domestic LCD industry should also pay great attention to new technologies, next-generation display direction and the degree of development, and timely “to the new track”.

There’re more than 300 procedures to produce TFT LCD. The most advanced LCD, in which the array and cell process are highly automatic. Technically, every step in the process can lead to defects, and most of the defects have been eliminated through the development of TFT LCD technology.

For the first two situations, that’s because the circuit on the TFT and CF controlling that defective pixel point is shorted or broken. While the third situation is caused by damaged color pixel.

In LCD, newton’s rings may occur on screen when two glass substrate haven’t been sealed well, so that one of the glass may form a convex lens and lead to light interference.

A thin-film-transistor liquid-crystal display (TFT LCD) is a variant of a liquid-crystal display that uses thin-film-transistor technologyactive matrix LCD, in contrast to passive matrix LCDs or simple, direct-driven (i.e. with segments directly connected to electronics outside the LCD) LCDs with a few segments.

In February 1957, John Wallmark of RCA filed a patent for a thin film MOSFET. Paul K. Weimer, also of RCA implemented Wallmark"s ideas and developed the thin-film transistor (TFT) in 1962, a type of MOSFET distinct from the standard bulk MOSFET. It was made with thin films of cadmium selenide and cadmium sulfide. The idea of a TFT-based liquid-crystal display (LCD) was conceived by Bernard Lechner of RCA Laboratories in 1968. In 1971, Lechner, F. J. Marlowe, E. O. Nester and J. Tults demonstrated a 2-by-18 matrix display driven by a hybrid circuit using the dynamic scattering mode of LCDs.T. Peter Brody, J. A. Asars and G. D. Dixon at Westinghouse Research Laboratories developed a CdSe (cadmium selenide) TFT, which they used to demonstrate the first CdSe thin-film-transistor liquid-crystal display (TFT LCD).active-matrix liquid-crystal display (AM LCD) using CdSe TFTs in 1974, and then Brody coined the term "active matrix" in 1975.high-resolution and high-quality electronic visual display devices use TFT-based active matrix displays.

The circuit layout process of a TFT-LCD is very similar to that of semiconductor products. However, rather than fabricating the transistors from silicon, that is formed into a crystalline silicon wafer, they are made from a thin film of amorphous silicon that is deposited on a glass panel. The silicon layer for TFT-LCDs is typically deposited using the PECVD process.

Polycrystalline silicon is sometimes used in displays requiring higher TFT performance. Examples include small high-resolution displays such as those found in projectors or viewfinders. Amorphous silicon-based TFTs are by far the most common, due to their lower production cost, whereas polycrystalline silicon TFTs are more costly and much more difficult to produce.

The twisted nematic display is one of the oldest and frequently cheapest kind of LCD display technologies available. TN displays benefit from fast pixel response times and less smearing than other LCD display technology, but suffer from poor color reproduction and limited viewing angles, especially in the vertical direction. Colors will shift, potentially to the point of completely inverting, when viewed at an angle that is not perpendicular to the display. Modern, high end consumer products have developed methods to overcome the technology"s shortcomings, such as RTC (Response Time Compensation / Overdrive) technologies. Modern TN displays can look significantly better than older TN displays from decades earlier, but overall TN has inferior viewing angles and poor color in comparison to other technology.

The transmittance of a pixel of an LCD panel typically does not change linearly with the applied voltage,sRGB standard for computer monitors requires a specific nonlinear dependence of the amount of emitted light as a function of the RGB value.

Less expensive PVA panels often use dithering and FRC, whereas super-PVA (S-PVA) panels all use at least 8 bits per color component and do not use color simulation methods.BRAVIA LCD TVs offer 10-bit and xvYCC color support, for example, the Bravia X4500 series. S-PVA also offers fast response times using modern RTC technologies.

TFT dual-transistor pixel or cell technology is a reflective-display technology for use in very-low-power-consumption applications such as electronic shelf labels (ESL), digital watches, or metering. DTP involves adding a secondary transistor gate in the single TFT cell to maintain the display of a pixel during a period of 1s without loss of image or without degrading the TFT transistors over time. By slowing the refresh rate of the standard frequency from 60 Hz to 1 Hz, DTP claims to increase the power efficiency by multiple orders of magnitude.

Due to the very high cost of building TFT factories, there are few major OEM panel vendors for large display panels. The glass panel suppliers are as follows:

External consumer display devices like a TFT LCD feature one or more analog VGA, DVI, HDMI, or DisplayPort interface, with many featuring a selection of these interfaces. Inside external display devices there is a controller board that will convert the video signal using color mapping and image scaling usually employing the discrete cosine transform (DCT) in order to convert any video source like CVBS, VGA, DVI, HDMI, etc. into digital RGB at the native resolution of the display panel. In a laptop the graphics chip will directly produce a signal suitable for connection to the built-in TFT display. A control mechanism for the backlight is usually included on the same controller board.

The low level interface of STN, DSTN, or TFT display panels use either single ended TTL 5 V signal for older displays or TTL 3.3 V for slightly newer displays that transmits the pixel clock, horizontal sync, vertical sync, digital red, digital green, digital blue in parallel. Some models (for example the AT070TN92) also feature input/display enable, horizontal scan direction and vertical scan direction signals.

New and large (>15") TFT displays often use LVDS signaling that transmits the same contents as the parallel interface (Hsync, Vsync, RGB) but will put control and RGB bits into a number of serial transmission lines synchronized to a clock whose rate is equal to the pixel rate. LVDS transmits seven bits per clock per data line, with six bits being data and one bit used to signal if the other six bits need to be inverted in order to maintain DC balance. Low-cost TFT displays often have three data lines and therefore only directly support 18 bits per pixel. Upscale displays have four or five data lines to support 24 bits per pixel (truecolor) or 30 bits per pixel respectively. Panel manufacturers are slowly replacing LVDS with Internal DisplayPort and Embedded DisplayPort, which allow sixfold reduction of the number of differential pairs.

Kawamoto, H. (2012). "The Inventors of TFT Active-Matrix LCD Receive the 2011 IEEE Nishizawa Medal". Journal of Display Technology. 8 (1): 3–4. Bibcode:2012JDisT...8....3K. doi:10.1109/JDT.2011.2177740. ISSN 1551-319X.

K. H. Lee; H. Y. Kim; K. H. Park; S. J. Jang; I. C. Park & J. Y. Lee (June 2006). "A Novel Outdoor Readability of Portable TFT-LCD with AFFS Technology". SID Symposium Digest of Technical Papers. AIP. 37 (1): 1079–82. doi:10.1889/1.2433159. S2CID 129569963.

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