e ink lcd display quotation

Different types of Logitech group equipment requires different specialized knowledge for their installation. Many e-ink display are suitable for large conference rooms and/or halls, while some others will perform better in smaller venues. The sizes of the video conference equipment vary on the role of the particular equipment. For example, conference room system audio equipment such as mics are always designed to be as small as possible, yet as effective. Conversely, conference room system visual equipment such as screens and charts are designed to be as big as possible to ensure adequate visibility. DCS conferencing equipment is equipped with various accessories such as replacement pieces.

Teams room system is another name for conference room systems. The wholesale e-ink display offered here comes with various equipment. The design of any particular AV room equipment or web conference system is done to minimize costs while making sure that the system is as effective and secured as possible. Wireless conference microphones are sometimes preferred because they help reduce the amount of cable in the conference room while providing quality sound. Logitech group video conferencing provides the venue with various accessories. Bigbluebutton video conferencing equipment is known as a fast-selling product and can be purchased with amazing bargains.

Alibaba.com offers all sorts of these e-ink display for various meeting needs. Get notable deals on all your purchases. You can stop searching now and get your conferencing solutions here.

E-Ink displays are screens that display text and graphics digitally without losing the positive characteristics of paper. They do not consume much power and, thanks to e-paper technology, are easy on the eyes. Due to the viewing angle stability and high contrast, text can be read very well, especially over a longer period of time, whereas conventional LCD displays lead to eye fatigue in the long run. Since sunlight has little effect on the readability of the E-Ink screen, E-Ink displays can be used both indoors and outdoors. E-Paper displays in sizes from 13 inches upwards are therefore particularly suitable for use in manufacturing or public transport.

Low power consumption: E-Ink is "bistable", which means that the screen display usually does not require a constant power supply. The display of the E-Paper-Labels remains legible even if there is no power supply. This is because power is only consumed when the content of the display changes.

Good readability: Even in bright sunlight, the displays are easy to read. In addition, the matte display prevents reflections or flickering, thus protecting the eyes of the viewer.

Very good viewing angle stability: Since the colour pigments of electronic ink are located directly behind the top layer, a high contrast is produced. As a result, the display can be read even at a very weak angle.

Although E-Ink displays are passive, i.e. non-glowing displays, there is the possibility of integrated backlighting. This way, our greyscale and full colour E-Paper Displays are ready for use during the day and nighttime.

E-Ink technology is related to the manufacturer of the same name, E Ink Corporation, and is mainly used in e-book readers. However, E-Ink displays can also be used in other areas and thus in different industries. While our electronic price tagsand electronic labelsonly reach up to 12 inch display size, you can choose larger screens for our E-Ink displays. The range goes from 13 to 48 inches.

In addition, the larger e-paper labels offer the possibility of displaying grey scales or colour, while the digital labels can only display BWR or BWY. Thus, E-Ink displays guarantee more freedom of design overall when displaying images and text. They act as multifunctional digital signage systems in offices, hospitals, hotels and airports or as timetables and information boards for public transport.

No matter for what purpose - E-Ink technology can be used in many ways. Depending on your needs, you can choose between HD Grayscale E-Ink displays and full colour E-paper screens.

Grayscale screens display content in 16 different gray scales and are suitable as signage systems for many areas where the most important display information is text. Full-colour displays, on the other hand, display 4096 colour levels and thus offer even more possibilities for displaying content. E-Ink displays are also partly equipped with backlighting and therefore have a fixed power supply.

Whether you want to use the e-paper products in your office, a retail outlet or an airport counter, we offer you complete solutions from a single source. From initial information and contact to post-processing, including installation, commissioning and comprehensive support, e-shelf-labels is your reliable partner. Of course, we are also happy to help with the development of tailor-made interfaces and software solutions.

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A: Good Display develops Segmented displays for its customers based upon the minimum quantity per order commitment of 10,000 units. Pricing is dependent upon volume, including a minimum quantity per order commitment of 10,000 units, overall display size, and the number of segments required for the display. Segmented epaper displays are generally more expensive than traditional TFT LCD and LED displays.

A: For those customers who are investigating an Segmented epaper display application, we provide a prototype development program. Good Display works with customers to finalize the specifications for the desired display. Based on the specifications Good Displat will provide a quote for the prototype design. Upon completion of the specifications and quote acceptance, first working samples can typically be delivered in 5 weeks. At the completion of the prototype, per unit mass production pricing is finalized.

A: Segmented e-ink epaper displays are bi-stable; they do not consume power after an update. It takes of the order of microwatts to switch from one display state to another.

When the city of Brisbane, California, decided to upgrade their billboards for parks and other community spaces they sought out E Ink for its unique advantages: Download this free case study to learn how E Ink"s customer Digital View enabled this unique request!

Many e-readers, devices meant to replace traditional books, utilize electronic paper for their displays in order to further resemble paper books; one such example is the Kindle series by Amazon.

Electronic paper, also sometimes electronic ink, e-ink or electrophoretic display, are display devices that mimic the appearance of ordinary ink on paper.flat panel displays that emit light, an electronic paper display reflects ambient light like paper. This may make them more comfortable to read, and provide a wider viewing angle than most light-emitting displays. The contrast ratio in electronic displays available as of 2008 approaches newspaper, and newly (2008) developed displays are slightly better.

Many electronic paper technologies hold static text and images indefinitely without electricity. Flexible electronic paper uses plastic substrates and plastic electronics for the display backplane. Applications of electronic visual displays include electronic shelf labels and digital signage,smartphone displays, and e-readers able to display digital versions of books and magazines.

Electronic paper was first developed in the 1970s by Nick Sheridon at Xerox"s Palo Alto Research Center.Gyricon, consisted of polyethylene spheres between 75 and 106 micrometers across. Each sphere is a Janus particle composed of negatively charged black plastic on one side and positively charged white plastic on the other (each bead is thus a dipole).polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) as the material for the spheres, dramatically improving the video speed and decreasing the control voltage needed.

In the simplest implementation of an electrophoretic display, titanium dioxide (titania) particles approximately one micrometer in diameter are dispersed in a hydrocarbon oil. A dark-colored dye is also added to the oil, along with surfactants and charging agents that cause the particles to take on an electric charge. This mixture is placed between two parallel, conductive plates separated by a gap of 10 to 100 micrometres. When a voltage is applied across the two plates, the particles migrate electrophoretically to the plate that bears the opposite charge from that on the particles. When the particles are located at the front (viewing) side of the display, it appears white, because the light is scattered back to the viewer by the high-indexpixels), then an image can be formed by applying the appropriate voltage to each region of the display to create a pattern of reflecting and absorbing regions.

An electrophoretic display - also known as an EPD - are typically addressed using MOSFET-based thin-film transistor (TFT) technology. TFTs are requiredactive matrix displays used in the Amazon Kindle, Barnes & Noble Nook, Sony Reader, Kobo eReader, and iRex iLiad e-readers. These displays are constructed from an electrophoretic imaging film manufactured by E Ink Corporation. A mobile phone that used the technology is the Motorola Fone.

Electrophoretic Display technology has also been developed by SiPix and Bridgestone/Delta. SiPix is now part of E Ink Corporation. The SiPix design uses a flexible 0.15 mm Microcup architecture, instead of E Ink"s 0.04 mm diameter microcapsules.Bridgestone Corp."s Advanced Materials Division cooperated with Delta Optoelectronics Inc. in developing Quick Response Liquid Powder Display technology.

Electrophoretic displays can be manufactured using the Electronics on Plastic by Laser Release (EPLaR) process developed by Philips Research to enable existing AM-LCD manufacturing plants to create flexible plastic displays.

In the 1990s another type of electronic ink based on a microencapsulated electrophoretic display was conceived and prototyped by a team of undergraduates at MITBarrett Comiskey, Joseph Jacobson, Jeremy Rubin and Russ Wilcox co-founded E Ink Corporation in 1997 to commercialize the technology. E ink subsequently formed a partnership with Philips Components two years later to develop and market the technology. In 2005, Philips sold the electronic paper business as well as its related patents to Prime View International."It has for many years been an ambition of researchers in display media to create a flexible low-cost system that is the electronic analog of paper. In this context, microparticle-based displays have long intrigued researchers. Switchable contrast in such displays is achieved by the electromigration of highly scattering or absorbing microparticles (in the size range 0.1–5 μm), quite distinct from the molecular-scale properties that govern the behavior of the more familiar liquid-crystal displays. Micro-particle-based displays possess intrinsic bistability, exhibit extremely low power d.c. field addressing and have demonstrated high contrast and reflectivity. These features, combined with a near-lambertian viewing characteristic, result in an "ink on paper" look. But such displays have to date suffered from short lifetimes and difficulty in manufacture. Here we report the synthesis of an electrophoretic ink based on the microencapsulation of an electrophoretic dispersion. The use of a microencapsulated electrophoretic medium solves the lifetime issues and permits the fabrication of a bistable electronic display solely by means of printing. This system may satisfy the practical requirements of electronic paper."

This used tiny microcapsules filled with electrically charged white particles suspended in a colored oil.circuitry controlled whether the white particles were at the top of the capsule (so it looked white to the viewer) or at the bottom of the capsule (so the viewer saw the color of the oil). This was essentially a reintroduction of the well-known electrophoretic display technology, but microcapsules meant the display could be made on flexible plastic sheets instead of glass.

One early version of the electronic paper consists of a sheet of very small transparent capsules, each about 40 micrometers across. Each capsule contains an oily solution containing black dye (the electronic ink), with numerous white titanium dioxide particles suspended within. The particles are slightly negatively charged, and each one is naturally white.liquid polymer, sandwiched between two arrays of electrodes, the upper of which is transparent. The two arrays are aligned to divide the sheet into pixels, and each pixel corresponds to a pair of electrodes situated on either side of the sheet. The sheet is laminated with transparent plastic for protection, resulting in an overall thickness of 80 micrometers, or twice that of ordinary paper.

The network of electrodes connects to display circuitry, which turns the electronic ink "on" and "off" at specific pixels by applying a voltage to specific electrode pairs. A negative charge to the surface electrode repels the particles to the bottom of local capsules, forcing the black dye to the surface and turning the pixel black. Reversing the voltage has the opposite effect. It forces the particles to the surface, turning the pixel white. A more recent implementation of this concept requires only one layer of electrodes beneath the microcapsules.

Electrowetting display (EWD) is based on controlling the shape of a confined water/oil interface by an applied voltage. With no voltage applied, the (colored) oil forms a flat film between the water and a hydrophobic (water-repellent) insulating coating of an electrode, resulting in a colored pixel. When a voltage is applied between the electrode and the water, the interfacial tension between the water and the coating changes. As a result, the stacked state is no longer stable, causing the water to move the oil aside. This makes a partly transparent pixel, or, if a reflective white surface is under the switchable element, a white pixel. Because of the small pixel size, the user only experiences the average reflection, which provides a high-brightness, high-contrast switchable element.

Displays based on electrowetting provide several attractive features. The switching between white and colored reflection is fast enough to display video content.

This results in the availability of two-thirds of the display area to reflect light in any desired color. This is achieved by building up a pixel with a stack of two independently controllable colored oil films plus a color filter.

The colors are cyan, magenta, and yellow, which is a subtractive system, comparable to the principle used in inkjet printing. Compared to LCD, brightness is gained because no polarisers are required.

Electrofluidic display is a variation of an electrowetting display. Electrofluidic displays place an aqueous pigment dispersion inside a tiny reservoir. The reservoir comprises <5-10% of the viewable pixel area and therefore the pigment is substantially hidden from view.

The core technology was invented at the Novel Devices Laboratory at the University of Cincinnati. The technology is currently being commercialized by Gamma Dynamics.

The technology used in electronic visual displays that can create various colors via interference of reflected light. The color is selected with an electrically switched light modulator comprising a microscopic cavity that is switched on and off using driver integrated circuits similar to those used to address liquid-crystal displays (LCD).

Other research efforts into e-paper have involved using organic transistors embedded into flexible substrates,triads, typically consisting of the standard cyan, magenta and yellow, in the same way as CRT monitors (although using subtractive primary colors as opposed to additive primary colors). The display is then controlled like any other electronic color display.

E Ink Corporation of E Ink Holdings Inc. released the first colored E Ink displays to be used in a marketed product. The Ectaco Jetbook Color was released in 2012 as the first colored electronic ink device, which used E Ink"s Triton display technology.

Several companies are simultaneously developing electronic paper and ink. While the technologies used by each company provide many of the same features, each has its own distinct technological advantages. All electronic paper technologies face the following general challenges:

Electronic ink can be applied to flexible or rigid materials. For flexible displays, the base requires a thin, flexible material tough enough to withstand considerable wear, such as extremely thin plastic. The method of how the inks are encapsulated and then applied to the substrate is what distinguishes each company from others. These processes are complex and are carefully guarded industry secrets. Nevertheless, making electronic paper is less complex and costly than LCDs.

There are many approaches to electronic paper, with many companies developing technology in this area. Other technologies being applied to electronic paper include modifications of liquid-crystal displays, electrochromic displays, and the electronic equivalent of an Etch A Sketch at Kyushu University. Advantages of electronic paper include low power usage (power is only drawn when the display is updated), flexibility and better readability than most displays. Electronic ink can be printed on any surface, including walls, billboards, product labels and T-shirts. The ink"s flexibility would also make it possible to develop rollable displays for electronic devices.

In December 2005, Seiko released the first electronic ink based watch called the Spectrum SVRD001 wristwatch, which has a flexible electrophoretic displayPebble smart watch (2013) uses a low-power memory LCD manufactured by Sharp for its e-paper display.

In 2019, Fossil launched a hybrid smartwatch called the Hybrid HR, integrating an always on electronic ink display with physical hands and dial to simulate the look of a traditional analog watch.

In 2004, Sony released the Librié in Japan, the first e-book reader with an electronic paper E Ink display.Sony Reader e-book reader in the USA. On October 2, 2007, Sony announced the PRS-505, an updated version of the Reader. In November 2008, Sony released the PRS-700BC, which incorporated a backlight and a touchscreen.

In late 2007, Amazon began producing and marketing the Amazon Kindle, an e-book reader with an e-paper display. In February 2009, Amazon released the Kindle 2 and in May 2009 the larger Kindle DX was announced. In July 2010 the third-generation Kindle was announced, with notable design changes.

In 2020, Onyx released the first frontlit 13.3 inch electronic paper Android tablet, the Boox Max Lumi. At the end of the same year, Bigme released the first 10.3 inch color electronic paper Android tablet, the Bigme B1 Pro. This was also the first large electronic paper tablet to support 4g cellular data.

The French daily iRex iLiad. Two different processing platforms were used to deliver readable information of the daily, one based on the newly developed GPP electronic ink platform from

Flexible display cards enable financial payment cardholders to generate a one-time password to reduce online banking and transaction fraud. Electronic paper offers a flat and thin alternative to existing key fob tokens for data security. The world"s first ISO compliant smart card with an embedded display was developed by Innovative Card Technologies and nCryptone in 2005. The cards were manufactured by Nagra ID.

The Samsung Alias 2 mobile phone incorporates electronic ink from E Ink into the keypad, which allows the keypad to change character sets and orientation while in different display modes.

On December 12, 2012, Yota Devices announced the first "YotaPhone" prototype and was later released in December 2013, a unique double-display smartphone. It has a 4.3-inch, HD LCD on the front and an electronic ink display on the back.

On May and June 2020, Hisense released the hisense A5c and A5 pro cc, the first color electronic ink smartphones. With a single color display, with toggable front light running android 9 and Android 10.

E-paper based electronic shelf labels (ESL) are used to digitally display the prices of goods at retail stores. Electronic-paper-based labels are updated via two-way infrared or radio technology.

E-paper displays at bus or trams stops can be remotely updated. Compared to LED or liquid-crystal displays (LCDs), they consume lower energy and the text or graphics stays visible during a power failure. Compared to LCDs, it is well visible also under full sunshine.

Typically, e-paper electronic Tags integrate e-ink technology with wireless interfaces like NFC or UHF. They are most commonly used as employees" ID cards or as production labels to track manufacturing changes and status. E-Paper Tags are also increasingly being used as shipping labels, especially in the case of reusable boxes.

An interesting feature provided by some e-paper Tags manufacturers is batteryless design. This means that the power needed for a display"s content update is provided wirelessly and the module itself doesn"t contain any battery.

Other proposed applications include clothes, digital photo frames, information boards, and keyboards. Keyboards with dynamically changeable keys are useful for less represented languages, non-standard keyboard layouts such as Dvorak, or for special non-alphabetical applications such as video editing or games.

Heikenfeld (2011). "A critical review of the present and future prospects for electronic paper". J. Soc. Inf. Display. 19 (2): 129. doi:10.1889/JSID19.2.129. S2CID 18340648.

Crowley, Joseph M.; Sheridon, Nicholas K.; Romano, Linda (2002). "Dipole moments of gyricon balls". Journal of Electrostatics. 55 (3–4): 247–259. doi:10.1016/S0304-3886(01)00208-X.

"53.4: Ultra-Thin Flexible OLED Device". SID Symposium Digest of Technical Papers -- May 2007 -- Volume 38, Issue 1, pp. 1599-1602. Retrieved 2007-12-03.

Journal, Alec Klein Staff Reporter of The Wall Street. "A New Printing Technology Sets Off a High-Stakes Race". Wall Street Journal. ISSN 0099-9660. Retrieved 2015-11-27.

Comiskey, B.; Albert, J. D.; Yoshizawa, H.; Jacobson, J. (1998). "An electrophoretic ink for all-printed reflective electronic displays". Nature. 394 (6690): 253–255. Bibcode:1998Natur.394..253C. doi:10.1038/28349. S2CID 204998708.

Comiskey, Barrett; Albert, J. D.; Yoshizawa, Hidekazu; Jacobson, Joseph (1998-07-16). "An electrophoretic ink for all-printed reflective electronic displays". Nature. 394 (6690): 253–255. Bibcode:1998Natur.394..253C. doi:10.1038/28349. ISSN 0028-0836. S2CID 204998708.

Rogers, John A; Bao, Zhenan; Baldwin, Kirk; Dodabalapur, Ananth; Crone, Brian; Raju, V R; Kuck, Valerie; Katz, Howard; Amundson, Karl; Ewing, Jay; Drzaic, Paul (24 April 2001). "Paper-like electronic displays: Large-area rubber-stamped plastic sheets of electronics and microencapsulated electrophoretic inks". PNAS. 98 (9): 4835–4840. doi:PMC PMID 11320233.

Xiong, Kunli; Emilsson, Gustav; Maziz, Ali. "Plasmonic Metasurfaces with Conjugated Polymers for Flexible Electronic Paper in Color"Advanced Materials: sid. n/a–n/a. doi:10.1002/adma.201603358. ISSN 1521-4095. 28 October 2016.

Huitema, H. E. A.; Gelinck, G. H.; van der Putten, J. B. P. H.; Kuijk, K. E.; Hart, C. M.; Cantatore, E.; Herwig, P. T.; van Breemen, A. J. J. M.; de Leeuw, D. M. (2001). "Plastic transistors in active-matrix displays". Nature. 414 (6864): 599. Bibcode:2001Natur.414..599H. doi:PMID 11740546. S2CID 4420748.

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While most people may think that a keyboard is just a board with keys, those who read Hackaday will no doubt know that there’s an infinite variety of beautiful designs to suit any use case. [Peng Zhihui] is the latest to impress us withan excellent custom keyboard that packs several unusual features (video in Chinese, with English subtitles, embedded below). What started out as a simple lockdown project turned into what [Zhihui] imagines to be the ultimate keyboard for his daily tasks. At first glance it might look like just another custom keyboard with mechanical switches, but when you look inside you’ll find it full of clever design tricks and neat features.

When he started on the design of the main key area, [Zhihui] could have used any of the open-source keyboard frameworks. Instead, he decided to do everything himself in order to obtain maximum performance and configurability. This went all the way down to the readout circuitry: rather than wiring the switches in a matrix, as most keyboards do, he used a set of shift registers. This enables the main ARM controller to read out every key separately, eliminating ghosting and allowing any number of keys to be pressed simultaneously. The shift registers are driven by a 4 MHz SPI clock, which means that a full scan of all keys takes just 40 microseconds.

Next to the big E-ink screen is a tiny OLED display that works in tandem with a haptic feedback knob. Based on a brushless DC motor, this knob can be configured in various ways to perform several different tasks. It can be set to friction-less spinning mode, which is useful for quickly scrolling through long documents. It can become a multi-level switch to enable or disable features, or a volume knob with virtual end stops. There’s even an option to use it as a physical indicator for things like the current CPU usage.

The keyboard also houses a USB hub to attach other gadgets, as well as a lithium battery to power the haptic knob, since it uses more power than a standard USB 2.0 port can deliver. There’s even a little capacitive touch strip below the space bar, which allows you to use one of your thumbs to switch between different tabs or to use quick copy/paste functions.

If all of this sounds like your idea of a perfect keyboard, then you’ll be pleased to hear that [Zhihui] plans to open-source all hardware and software designs once he’s cleaned up his code. Until that time, you may want to read up on the working principle of a haptic smart knob, or find out what’s the most efficient way to read out a certain number of buttons with a microcontroller.

If you"re looking to buy an e-reader, you should wait a little longer. Color e-reader screens, like E Ink"s Advanced Color e-Paper version 2 (ACeP v2 or Gallery 4100) and TCL"s Nxtpaper technologies, may revolutionize how we read ebooks in 2022 and beyond. So, if you"re wondering why you should wait, here are the top six backlight-free technologies that will change how we read in the near future.

E Ink"s Gallery 4100 e-paper technology is unusual because it has vibrant colors and can quickly refresh black-and-white text. However, many unanswered questions remain regarding its availability, technical specifications, and cost. Fortunately,

E Ink"s Associate Vice President, Timothy O"Malley, shared details on E Ink"s upcoming Gallery 4100 color E Ink display during a January 2022 interview.

While E Ink refers to its color E Ink technology as Advanced Color ePaper (ACeP v2), its working title is Gallery 4100. Gallery 4100"s name will likely change in the future when it reaches consumers. Currently, Gallery 4100 is only available as a development kit.

As of 2022, the closest you can get to Gallery 4100 is the 13.3-inch Atelier development kit, which costs $800. Otherwise, there"s no information on when ACeP v2 technology will reach ereaders.

Interestingly, O"Malley mentioned that E Ink sells Gallery 4100 development kits. However, there"s a long lag time between when hardware development begins and when a final product reaches consumers. So while E Ink is actively working to reduce ACeP"s barriers to market, there"s still a ways to go.

The big revelation is that a four-color pigment E Ink system is coming to ereaders. While E Ink declined to state any upcoming product release date, they did confirm specific features. The most important feature is fast-refresh:

"The refresh rate is impacted by the number of particles being moved within a capsule or Microcup®. In the video you referenced, the black and white images are only requiring the black and white particles to move, not the full four that are contained within the capsule."

The video mentioned in the quote refers to a now-removed clip demonstrating ACeP v2"s color and black-and-white capabilities. The missing video showed that ACeP v2 can turn black-and-white pages similar in speed to Carta panels.

In 2022, Tim O"Malley further elaborated on ACeP"s fast refresh capabilities. While Gallery 4100 uses four pigments to generate color images, it only uses two colors to generate blacks. In other words, Gallery 4100 can rapidly increase refresh speeds by computationally simplifying the image it"s drawing. A black-and-white image has less complexity relative to color, so Gallery 4100 can render it more quickly.

The added complexity causes the slower refresh speeds since whenever a color image is displayed on screen, the hardware arranges cyan, magenta, yellow, and white (CMYW) in elaborate and complicated combinations, which constitute an image. A black-and-white panel only needs to arrange two pigments on the screen. The reduced complexity means faster page turns, although color refreshes take considerably longer to refresh.

The added complexity may mean that ACeP v2 requires beefier hardware and more expensive manufacturing processes. As a result, early ACeP panels could cost a significant amount more than black-and-white E Ink. ACeP development kits, which are already available in digital signage products, cost hundreds of dollars.

If that"s an indication of what a consumer e-reader would cost, then it may remain unaffordable. However, if any color reflective screen ever makes its way into a Kindle, it"ll likely be ACeP because of its high color saturation and fast refreshes for black-and-white text. These characteristics make ACeP perfect for reading textbooks and comic books.

Gallery 4100 consumes slightly more power than E Ink Carta. However, according to O"Malley, Gallery 4100"s power consumption is infinitesimally smaller than the Wi-Fi power drain. In other words, most users won"t notice any difference in battery life. So while the Gallery 4100"s complex, four-pigment system may require additional power, it"s a trivial amount.

O"Malley declined to comment on the price, dimensions, or release date. However, we know that Gallery 4100 will cost more than a black and white E Ink display due to its complexity. The exact price difference, unfortunately, remains unknown.

https://www.anrdoezrs.net/links/7251228/type/dlg/sid/UUmuoUeUpU35312/https://www.youtube.com/supported_browsers?next_url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3DN1BAYfzCzu4

E Ink Kaleido uses color-filter array (CFA) technology to generate color. A CFA is a thin layer of colored polymer filter stretched over another panel, usually an electrophoretic panel, like E Ink. The multiple layers create a full-color display, although with diminished resolution compared to a standard E Ink panel. Unfortunately, CFA"s colors also aren"t visually appealing and have the appearance of Jet-Puffed Fruity Marshmallows.

Today"s best CFA panels have a color depth of somewhere around 4,096 colors, or High Color. However, besides having a limited color palette, Kaleido Plus panels have low color saturation. In other words, colors look washed out. However, in our review of the Onyx Boox Nova 3 Color, even with reduced resolution and weak color saturation, the e-reader isn"t bad. Unfortunately, it lacks the vibrancy you"d expect of a Kindle.

DES technology looks an awful lot like E Ink Kaleido, except its color saturation is higher, and it costs less. DES uses a novel latticework of "cofferdams" for its black-and-white layer and a red-blue-green CFA layer to generate color. Because DES technology uses fewer elements in its display stack, it also has higher color saturation. Furthermore, because it"s simpler compared to E Ink, it"s also less expensive.

We reviewed an early color DES panel on the Reinkstone R1 color e-reader in 2021. While the color saturation is markedly richer than Kaleido, the DES panel suffered from numerous teething issues, namely a serious problem with image artifacts and ghosting. In fact, Reinkstone dropped the DES panel in the R1 and moved on to a second-generation version of the panel. As such, we don"t know what the final product will look like.

Other devices are slated to receive a DES panel, such as the Topjoy Butterfly. However, since DES technology is essentially a variation on Kaleido, it"s unlikely to make its way into the Amazon Kindle.

TCL announced a new reflective LCD (RLCD) technology at IFA 2020 called Nxtpaper. Unfortunately, TCL"s RCLD technology was delayed numerous times. Thanks to the pandemic"s impact on global supply chains, it seems to have been cast into Limbo. TCL declined to comment on the future availability of the Nxtpaper Mid tablet. Although video of the technology indicates good color saturation, even with the backlight turned off.

While TCL announced the TCL Nxtpaper 10s at CES 2022, the 10s isn"t an RLCD unit. It instead uses a standard LCD screen with reduced blue-light emissions.

ClearInk"s reflective technology is based on electrophoretic technology, just like E Ink"s panels. Also, like E Ink"s Kaleido, it uses a CFA layer to generate color. However, unlike E Ink, it uses a single black pigment instead of a two-pigment system. ClearInk first announced its technology in 2016 but has since picked up partners such as Lenovo and display manufacturing giant Tianma.

ClearInk manages to do a few things that its competitors cannot: cost-efficient color video without requiring a backlight. Unfortunately, ClearInk seems to have fallen silent online despite its manufacturing partners. It has remained quiet since 2019, and as of 2022, it appears it hasn"t released a single product while E Ink has released several refinements of its Kaleido technology. Even so, ClearInk has several advantages over its competitors.

E Ink"s Triton was a first-generation color e-paper technology, but it never stood a chance of reaching Amazon"s Kindle. The Triton panel cost a fortune and suffered from a weak contrast ratio and slow refresh rates. In other words, it didn"t look good and couldn"t play video.

ClearInk, on the other hand, displays color at around 4,096 colors (High Color). This means it"s less vibrant compared to LCD and OLED panels. However, its video refresh rate of 33Hz (equivalent to broadcast television or YouTube) allows full-motion video. Here"s an example I shot at Display Week 2019:

The video and high clarity of ClearInk comes down to the type of black pigment it uses. Both ClearInk and E Ink create images using electrophoresis. However, there"s a big difference between the two. E Ink uses two pigments. The additional overhead of dealing with two pigments causes slower refresh speeds and choppy video.

ClearInk uses a single, smaller-sized pigment to create black and whites. The ink used in ClearInk, co-developed with Merck, is sharper and clearer than E Ink panels. According to Sri Peruvemba, former Head of Marketing at ClearInk:

"E Ink uses a two particle system to generate black and white. To generate white, E Ink uses a white particle to reflect light. Whereas, CLEARink only uses one particle---black---to generate [a] black state. To generate white, CLEARink uses a TIR (Total Internal Reflection) film on the front surface."

While ClearInk"s video variant consumes more energy than E Ink, its power consumption relative to LCD comes in around 80 to 90 percent less. In addition, it can display motion video with a refresh rate of around 33 Hz. A little choppy, but good enough.

ClearInk isn"t a perfect technology. It suffers from issues with image retention, or ghosting, where portions of the display do not refresh. You can see a small amount of ghosting in the picture above. In 2019, ClearInk"s engineering team explained that issues with early prototypes caused the display imperfections.

Additionally, ClearInk panels have the same color accuracy as Kaleido Plus. It"s good enough for textbooks and comics but not enough for enterprise-class purposes.

And finally, like E Ink, ClearInk panels require special software and hardware to create and draw images on its screen. In other words, the hardware-level infrastructure and software techniques used in LCD technology are not fully compatible with ClearInk panels. ClearInk screens cannot just be dropped into a computer without writing special software.

However, Peruvemba mentioned that they are working on drop-in panel solutions for LCD screens. Meaning if they pull it off, manufacturers could simply swap out an LCD for a ClearInk panel without any added costs.

Tianma Micro-Electronics, one of the world"s largest display manufacturers, announced a reflective color LCD panel, known by its project name as Electrical Bag (almost certainly a mistranslation). Like most e-paper technologies, it doesn"t require a backlight but is compatible with the front lights used in most ereaders.

The panel is aimed at the educational market. As such, it comes in a 10.5-inch form factor, designed to read color textbooks. Unlike E Ink, reflective LCDs can display full color and video. But the trade-off is a limited color range and weak contrast ratio. For example, Electrical Bag has a 12:1 contrast ratio and a PPI of 191. It can also only do 11% of the NTSC color range, about half of its competitors. However, the price is low, and they can be dropped into almost any device with little effort.

An engineer at Tianma quoted a price similar to an emissive LCD for a 10.5-inch panel. The educational market, which caters to children, is an ideal product for reducing eyestrain.

Tianma claimed that, if any manufacturer were interested, the Electrical Bag would be available in 2020. Unfortunately, as of 2022, it seems to have never made its way into any products.

Without question, the color E Ink technology most likely to reach Amazon"s ereaders is E Ink"s Gallery 4100. While E Ink Kaleido Plus and Wuxi WeiFeng Technology"s DES can display color, those colors are washed out and unsuitable for high-end devices. As such, Gallery 4100 is the only technology that seems to stand a chance of making its way into an Amazon e-reader.

While Amazon hasn"t shown any interest in color e-paper since it dumped LiquaVista, color ereaders could expand Amazon"s reach to the lucrative education market. Amazon has already tried to expand its reach to children with its Kindle Fire for Kids.

A backlight-free Kindle aimed at children may soon become a reality. But until then, we"ll have to wait and see what new color e-reader tech hits the market.

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YotaPhone with dual E Ink and LCD displays. Not sure what to think about this just yet. E Ink is the way to read for me, but this is a little smaller than my trusty Kindle Keybo…

Electronic paper, AKA E Ink, displays are amazing devices, capable of holding an image in place without the application of power. Unfortunately, their refresh rate tends to be quite low, and they are typically limited to showing shades of black and white, so their applications tend to be somewhat niche.

One place where such a display is really useful if when showing text that changes only intermittently, such as price data at a store, or as Hamed Taha demonstrates in hisE Ink Pen Holderproject, for revealing a quote of the day. His build embeds a 3.7" E Ink screen inside of a pen holder made with epoxy resin, along with an ESP32 module for control. The result, so far, is a pen holder that can be updated using a cell phone and a wireless charger/receiver, and something that can hopefully be enhanced software-wise in the future

It’s a neat idea, and a concept that others may be able to take and “mold” to their own purposes. Of course, one hazard of working with such a permanent structure is that you can’t really fix things once the epoxy has cured. Taha went through several iterations, losing display and control hardware in the process, before producing a functional device.