stm32f4 tft display price

Reduce the TFT GUI development time considerably with mikroC, mikroBasic or mikroPascal for ARM and mikromedia Plus for STM32 board. Buy this kit and save money.

Agreed! I will be picking one up. I’ve been happy developing for the stm32f4discovery (and other stm32 chips) with gcc, openocd and gdb. It is all free.

The STM32F4 cores are pretty well supported by libopencm3 and Code Sourcery and summon-arm-toolchain both build working toolchains and openOCD supports the stlink natively now.

A fair number of inexpensive baseboards/motherboards/accessories have also appeared for earlier versions. I hope Olimex puts out a couple nice STM32F429/427 boards.

I can see there is only a STLINK usb connector on board, so there is even no FS to expect. beside HS, I suppose does mean High Speed (480mbps). but HS anyway needs a separate physical layer USB chip for addition to STM32F4 chip and most likely this is chip is not present on this board anyway, because this is STM32F4+LCD+SDRAM demoboard and there is no need for USB at all.

The data brief bullet-points “USB OTG with micro-AB connector”. Looks like the micro-usb is on the underside, sticking out at the bottom of the photo. With matching T/H mounting tabs on the topside, labelled USB USER. But like you said, the STM32F4 requires an external PHY for HS, and it seems unlikely they’d include one on this board.

I think Farnell’s 21€ will be accurate, as ST’s suggested USD price is $24. The placeholders for the STM32F429I-DISCO on element14 (a division of Farnell) and mouser show $42, which I think predates the later ST announcement. I think the ST announced $24 will hold, and the distributor prices will match that, as they have in the past.

It’s certainly useable in any other project where you have an onboard LCD controller. Especially any other project that happens to use a STM32F4. What difference would it have made if it had an external controller? Surely it’d have been on the same PCB. Were you hoping for a removeable SPI-interfaced module?

Look in the UM1670 user manual, paragraph 4.8: the tft includes an ILI9341 controller. The ILI9341 has it’s own graphics ram inside, it is not mapped into the STM32 address space. It is connected to the STM32 via a parallel bus. The ILI9341 and similar controllers are common on cheap chinese tfts. So it is no problem to source similar tfts for your final product after developing on the discovery board.

UM1670 in paragraph 4.8 also says that “The TFT LCD is a 2.41″ display of 262 K colors. Its definition is QVGA (240 x 320 dots) and is directly driven by the STM32F429ZIT6 using the RGB protocol”. ILI9341 has multiple modes of operation including direct RGB/HSYNC/VSYNC mode which bypasses internal GRAM. I don’t have the board yet but I assume display buffer is located in external SDRAM which is also on the board. The whole point of this kit is to show TFT and SDRAM interface in new STM32F4x9.

I’ve checked this discovery board firmware available from ST’s site (“STM32F429 discovery firmware package UM1662” number: STSW-STM32138, btw. finding it is a bit difficult – ST’s site is terrible):

They are using FreeRTOS, FatFs, STemWinLibrary which is ST’s version of Segger’s emWin graphic library and STM32F4xx_StdPeriph_Driver v1.2.1 which includes F429/439 support (FMC, LTDC and DMA2D added).

Well even so that DMA2D stuff is geared towards displays with one address pointer. Try using it with displays with the x& y positions on separate addresses (like x add is 2A and y is 2B with base address of 0x6C000000 for commands and a offset of 4 for data ).. Wish there was and easy way of getting the DMA2D to work with different larger displays like the 640 by 480 of Newhaven’s http://www.newhavendisplay.com/nhd57640480wfctxl-p-2465.html

High-performance advanced line, Arm Cortex-M4 core with DSP and FPU, 1 Mbyte of Flash memory, 180 MHz CPU, ART Accelerator, Chrom-ART Accelerator, FMC with SDRAM, Dual QSPI, TFT, MIPI-DSI

High-performance advanced line, ARM Cortex-M4 core with DSP and FPU, 1 Mbyte Flash, 180 MHz CPU, ART Accelerator, Chrom-ART Accelerator, FMC with SDRAM, Dual QSPI, TFT, MIPI-DSI

High-performance advanced line, Arm Cortex-M4 core with DSP and FPU, 1 Mbyte of Flash memory, 180 MHz CPU, ART Accelerator, Chrom-ART Accelerator, FMC with SDRAM, Dual QSPI, TFT, MIPI-DSI

High-performance advanced line, Arm Cortex-M4 core with DSP and FPU, 1 Mbyte of Flash memory, 180 MHz CPU, ART Accelerator, Chrom-ART Accelerator, FMC with SDRAM, Dual QSPI, TFT, MIPI-DSI

High-performance advanced line, Arm Cortex-M4 core with DSP and FPU, 1 Mbyte of Flash memory, 180 MHz CPU, ART Accelerator, Chrom-ART Accelerator, FMC with SDRAM, Dual QSPI, TFT, MIPI-DSI

High-performance advanced line, Arm Cortex-M4 core with DSP and FPU, 2 Mbytes of Flash memory, 180 MHz CPU, ART Accelerator, Chrom-ART Accelerator, FMC with SDRAM, Dual QSPI, TFT, MIPI-DSI

High-performance advanced line, ARM Cortex-M4 core with DSP and FPU, 1 Mbyte Flash, 180 MHz CPU, ART Accelerator, Chrom-ART Accelerator, FMC with SDRAM, Dual QSPI, TFT, MIPI-DSI

High-performance advanced line, Arm Cortex-M4 core with DSP and FPU, 2 Mbytes of Flash memory, 180 MHz CPU, ART Accelerator, Chrom-ART Accelerator, FMC with SDRAM, Dual QSPI, TFT, MIPI-DSI

High-performance advanced line, Arm Cortex-M4 core with DSP and FPU, 2 Mbytes of Flash memory, 180 MHz CPU, ART Accelerator, Chrom-ART Accelerator, FMC with SDRAM, Dual QSPI, TFT, MIPI-DSI

High-performance advanced line, ARM Cortex-M4 core with DSP and FPU, 1 Mbyte Flash, 180 MHz CPU, ART Accelerator, Chrom-ART Accelerator, FMC with SDRAM, Dual QSPI, TFT, MIPI-DSI

High-performance advanced line, ARM Cortex-M4 core with DSP and FPU, 1 Mbyte Flash, 180 MHz CPU, ART Accelerator, Chrom-ART Accelerator, FMC with SDRAM, Dual QSPI, TFT, MIPI-DSI

High-performance advanced line, ARM Cortex-M4 core with DSP and FPU, 1 Mbyte Flash, 180 MHz CPU, ART Accelerator, Chrom-ART Accelerator, FMC with SDRAM, Dual QSPI, TFT, MIPI-DSI

High-performance advanced line, Arm Cortex-M4 core with DSP and FPU, 1 Mbyte of Flash memory, 180 MHz CPU, ART Accelerator, Chrom-ART Accelerator, FMC with SDRAM, Dual QSPI, TFT, MIPI-DSI, HW crypto

High-performance advanced line, ARM Cortex-M4 core with DSP and FPU, 2 Mbytes Flash, 180 MHz CPU, ART Accelerator, FMC with SDRAM, Dual QSPI, TFT,MIPI-DSI

High-performance advanced line, ARM Cortex-M4 core with DSP and FPU, 2 Mbyte Flash, 180 MHz CPU, ART Accelerator, Chrom-ART Accelerator, FMC with SDRAM, Dual QSPI, TFT, MIPI-DSI

High-performance advanced line, ARM Cortex-M4 core with DSP and FPU, 1 Mbyte Flash, 180 MHz CPU, ART Accelerator, Chrom-ART Accelerator, FMC with SDRAM, Dual QSPI, TFT, MIPI-DSI

High-performance advanced line, ARM Cortex-M4 core with DSP and FPU, 2 Mbyte Flash, 180 MHz CPU, ART Accelerator, Chrom-ART Accelerator, FMC with SDRAM, Dual QSPI, TFT, MIPI-DSI

High-performance advanced line, Arm Cortex-M4 core with DSP and FPU, 512 Kbytes of Flash memory, 180 MHz CPU, ART Accelerator, Chrom-ART Accelerator, FMC with SDRAM, Dual QSPI, TFT, MIPI-DSI

High-performance advanced line, ARM Cortex-M4 core with DSP and FPU, 2 Mbyte Flash, 180 MHz CPU, ART Accelerator, Chrom-ART Accelerator, FMC with SDRAM, Dual QSPI, TFT, MIPI-DSI

High-performance advanced line, Arm Cortex-M4 core with DSP and FPU, 2 Mbytes of Flash memory, 180 MHz CPU, ART Accelerator, Chrom-ART accelerator, FMC with SDRAM, dual Quad SPI, TFT, MIPI-DSI, HW crypto

High-performance advanced line, Arm Cortex-M4 core with DSP and FPU, 1 Mbyte of Flash memory, 180 MHz CPU, ART Accelerator, Chrom-ART Accelerator, FMC with SDRAM, Dual QSPI, TFT, MIPI-DSI, HW crypto

High-performance advanced line, Arm Cortex-M4 core with DSP and FPU, 1 Mbyte of Flash memory, 180 MHz CPU, ART Accelerator, Chrom-ART Accelerator, FMC with SDRAM, Dual QSPI, TFT, MIPI-DSI, HW crypto

High-performance advanced line, Arm Cortex-M4 core with DSP and FPU, 1 Mbyte of Flash memory, 180 MHz CPU, ART Accelerator, Chrom-ART Accelerator, FMC with SDRAM, Dual QSPI, TFT, MIPI-DSI, HW crypto

High-performance advanced line, Arm Cortex-M4 core with DSP and FPU, 512 Kbytes of Flash memory, 180 MHz CPU, ART Accelerator, Chrom-ART Accelerator, FMC with SDRAM, Dual QSPI, TFT, MIPI-DSI

High-performance advanced line, Arm Cortex-M4 core with DSP and FPU, 2 Mbytes of Flash memory, 180 MHz CPU, ART Accelerator, Chrom-ART Accelerator, FMC with SDRAM, Dual QSPI, TFT, MIPI-DSI, HW crypto

High-performance advanced line, Arm Cortex-M4 core with DSP and FPU, 2 Mbytes of Flash memory, 180 MHz CPU, ART Accelerator, Chrom-ART Accelerator, FMC with SDRAM, Dual QSPI, TFT, MIPI-DSI, HW crypto

High-performance advanced line, Arm Cortex-M4 core with DSP and FPU, 2 Mbytes of Flash memory, 180 MHz CPU, ART Accelerator, Chrom-ART Accelerator, FMC with SDRAM, Dual QSPI, TFT, MIPI-DSI, HW crypto

High-performance advanced line, Arm Cortex-M4 core with DSP and FPU, 512 Kbytes of Flash memory, 180 MHz CPU, ART Accelerator, Chrom-ART Accelerator, FMC with SDRAM, Dual QSPI, TFT, MIPI-DSI

High-performance advanced line, Arm Cortex-M4 core with DSP and FPU, 512 Kbytes of Flash memory, 180 MHz CPU, ART Accelerator, Chrom-ART Accelerator, FMC with SDRAM, Dual QSPI, TFT, MIPI-DSI

High-performance advanced line, Arm Cortex-M4 core with DSP and FPU, 2 Mbytes of Flash memory, 180 MHz CPU, ART Accelerator, Chrom-ART Accelerator, FMC with SDRAM, Dual QSPI, TFT, MIPI-DSI

High-performance advanced line, Arm Cortex-M4 core with DSP and FPU, 1 Mbyte of Flash memory, 180 MHz CPU, ART Accelerator, Chrom-ART Accelerator, FMC with SDRAM, TFT

High-performance advanced line, Arm Cortex-M4 core with DSP and FPU, 512 Kbytes of Flash memory, 180 MHz CPU, ART Accelerator, Chrom-ART Accelerator, FMC with SDRAM, TFT

High-performance advanced line, Arm Cortex-M4 core with DSP and FPU, 512 Kbytes of Flash memory, 180 MHz CPU, ART Accelerateur, Chrom-ART Accelerator, FMC with SDRAM, TFT

High-performance advanced line, Arm Cortex-M4 core with DSP and FPU, 512 Kbytes of Flash memory, 180 MHz CPU, ART Accelerator, Chrom-ART Accelerator, FSMC, TFT

High-performance advanced line, Arm Cortex-M4 core with DSP and FPU, 2 Mbytes of Flash memory, 180 MHz CPU, ART Accelerator, Chrom-ART Accelerator, FMC with SDRAM, TFT, HW crypto

High-performance advanced line, Arm Cortex-M4 core with DSP and FPU, 2 Mbytes of Flash memory, 180 MHz CPU, ART Accelerator, Chrom-ART Accelerator, FMC with SDRAM, TFT

High-performance advanced line, Arm Cortex-M4 core with DSP and FPU, 2 Mbytes of Flash memory, 180 MHz CPU, ART Accelerator, Chrom-ART Accelerator, FMC with SDRAM, TFT, HW crypto

High-performance advanced line, Arm Cortex-M4 core with DSP and FPU, 512 Kbytes of Flash memory, 180 MHz CPU, ART Accelerator, Chrom-ART Accelerator, FMC with SDRAM, TFT

High-performance advanced line, Arm Cortex-M4 core with DSP and FPU, 512 Kbytes of Flash memory, 180 MHz CPU, ART Accelerator, Chrom-ART Accelerator, FMC with SDRAM, TFT

High-performance advanced line, Arm Cortex-M4 core with DSP and FPU, 1 Mbyte of Flash memory, 180 MHz CPU, ART Accelerator, Chrom-ART Accelerator, FMC with SDRAM, TFT, HW crypto

High-performance advanced line, Arm Cortex-M4 core with DSP and FPU, 1 Mbyte of Flash memory, 180 MHz CPU, ART Accelerator, Chrom-ART Accelerator, FMC with SDRAM, TFT

High-performance advanced line, Arm Cortex-M4 core with DSP and FPU, 1 Mbyte of Flash memory, 180 MHz CPU, ART Accelerator, Chrom-ART Accelerator, FSMC, TFT

High-performance advanced line, Arm Cortex-M4 core with DSP and FPU, 2 Mbytes of Flash memory, 180 MHz CPU, ART Accelerator, Chrom-ARTAccelerator, FMC with SDRAM, TFT

High-performance advanced line, Arm Cortex-M4 core with DSP and FPU, 2 Mbytes of Flash memory, 180 MHz CPU, ART Accelerator, Chrom-ART Accelerator, FMC with SDRAM, TFT, HW crypto

High-performance advanced line, Arm Cortex-M4 core with DSP and FPU, 2 Mbytes of Flash memory, 180 MHz CPU, ART Accelerator, Chrom-ART Accelerator, FMC with SDRAM, TFT

High-performance advanced line, Arm Cortex-M4 core with DSP and FPU, 2 Mbytes of Flash memory, 180 MHz CPU, ART Accelerator, Chrom-ART Accelerator, FSMC, TFT

High-performance advanced line, Arm Cortex-M4 core with DSP and FPU, 1 Mbyte of Flash memory, 180 MHz CPU, ART Accelerator, Chrom-ART Accelerator, FMC with SDRAM, TFT, HW crypto

High-performance advanced line, Arm Cortex-M4 core with DSP and FPU, 1 Mbyte of Flash memory, 180 MHz CPU, ART Accelerator, Chrom-ART Accelerator, FMC with SDRAM, TFT

High-performance advanced line, Arm Cortex-M4 core with DSP and FPU, 1 Mbyte of Flash memory, 180 MHz CPU, ART Accelerator, Chrom-ART Accelerator, FMC with SDRAM, TFT, HW crypto

High-performance advanced line, Arm Cortex-M4 core with DSP and FPU, 1 Mbyte of Flash memory, 180 MHz CPU, ART Accelerator, Chrom-ART Accelerator, FMC with SDRAM, TFT, HW crypto

High-performance advanced line, Arm Cortex-M4 core with DSP and FPU, 1 Mbyte of Flash memory, 180 MHz CPU, ART Accelerator, Chrom-ART Accelerator, FMC with SDRAM, TFT

High-performance advanced line, Arm Cortex-M4 core with DSP and FPU, 1 Mbyte of Flash memory, 180 MHz CPU, ART Accelerator, Chrom-ART Accelerator, FSMC, TFT, HW crypto

High-performance advanced line, Arm Cortex-M4 core with DSP and FPU, 2 Mbytes of Flash memory, 180 MHz CPU, ART Accelerator, Chrom-ART Accelerator, FMC with SDRAM, TFT

High-performance advanced line, Arm Cortex-M4 core with DSP and FPU, 2 Mbytes of Flash memory, 180 MHz CPU, ART Accelerator, Chrom-ART Accelerator, FMC with SDRAM, TFT

High-performance advanced line, Arm Cortex-M4 core with DSP and FPU, 2 Mbytes of Flash memory, 180 MHz CPU, ART Accelerator, Chrom-ART Accelerator, FMC with SDRAM, TFT, HW crypto

High-performance advanced line, Arm Cortex-M4 core with DSP and FPU, 2 Mbytes of Flash memory, 180 MHz CPU, ART Accelerator, Chrom-ART Accelerator, FMC with SDRAM, TFT, HW crypto

High-performance advanced line, Arm Cortex-M4 core with DSP and FPU, 2 Mbytes of Flash memory, 180 MHz CPU, ART Accelerator, Chrom-ART Accelerator, FSMC, TFT, HW crypto

The STM32F429 Discovery helps you to discover the high-performance microcontrollers of the STM32 F4 series and to develop your applications easily. It offers everything required for beginners and experienced users to get started quickly.

Based on the STM32F429ZIT6, it includes an ST-LINK/V2 embedded debug tool, a 2.4" QVGA TFT LCD, an external SDRAM of 64 Mbits, a gyroscope ST MEMs, a USB OTG micro-AB connector, LEDs and pushbuttons.

A large number of free ready-to-run application firmware examples are available on www.st.com/stm32f4-discovery to support quick evaluation and development.

Reduce the TFT GUI development time considerably with mikroC, mikroBasic or mikroPascal for ARM and mikromedia Plus for STM32 board. Buy this kit and save money.

Agreed! I will be picking one up. I’ve been happy developing for the stm32f4discovery (and other stm32 chips) with gcc, openocd and gdb. It is all free.

The STM32F4 cores are pretty well supported by libopencm3 and Code Sourcery and summon-arm-toolchain both build working toolchains and openOCD supports the stlink natively now.

A fair number of inexpensive baseboards/motherboards/accessories have also appeared for earlier versions. I hope Olimex puts out a couple nice STM32F429/427 boards.

I can see there is only a STLINK usb connector on board, so there is even no FS to expect. beside HS, I suppose does mean High Speed (480mbps). but HS anyway needs a separate physical layer USB chip for addition to STM32F4 chip and most likely this is chip is not present on this board anyway, because this is STM32F4+LCD+SDRAM demoboard and there is no need for USB at all.

The data brief bullet-points “USB OTG with micro-AB connector”. Looks like the micro-usb is on the underside, sticking out at the bottom of the photo. With matching T/H mounting tabs on the topside, labelled USB USER. But like you said, the STM32F4 requires an external PHY for HS, and it seems unlikely they’d include one on this board.

I think Farnell’s 21€ will be accurate, as ST’s suggested USD price is $24. The placeholders for the STM32F429I-DISCO on element14 (a division of Farnell) and mouser show $42, which I think predates the later ST announcement. I think the ST announced $24 will hold, and the distributor prices will match that, as they have in the past.

It’s certainly useable in any other project where you have an onboard LCD controller. Especially any other project that happens to use a STM32F4. What difference would it have made if it had an external controller? Surely it’d have been on the same PCB. Were you hoping for a removeable SPI-interfaced module?

Look in the UM1670 user manual, paragraph 4.8: the tft includes an ILI9341 controller. The ILI9341 has it’s own graphics ram inside, it is not mapped into the STM32 address space. It is connected to the STM32 via a parallel bus. The ILI9341 and similar controllers are common on cheap chinese tfts. So it is no problem to source similar tfts for your final product after developing on the discovery board.

UM1670 in paragraph 4.8 also says that “The TFT LCD is a 2.41″ display of 262 K colors. Its definition is QVGA (240 x 320 dots) and is directly driven by the STM32F429ZIT6 using the RGB protocol”. ILI9341 has multiple modes of operation including direct RGB/HSYNC/VSYNC mode which bypasses internal GRAM. I don’t have the board yet but I assume display buffer is located in external SDRAM which is also on the board. The whole point of this kit is to show TFT and SDRAM interface in new STM32F4x9.

I’ve checked this discovery board firmware available from ST’s site (“STM32F429 discovery firmware package UM1662” number: STSW-STM32138, btw. finding it is a bit difficult – ST’s site is terrible):

They are using FreeRTOS, FatFs, STemWinLibrary which is ST’s version of Segger’s emWin graphic library and STM32F4xx_StdPeriph_Driver v1.2.1 which includes F429/439 support (FMC, LTDC and DMA2D added).

Well even so that DMA2D stuff is geared towards displays with one address pointer. Try using it with displays with the x& y positions on separate addresses (like x add is 2A and y is 2B with base address of 0x6C000000 for commands and a offset of 4 for data ).. Wish there was and easy way of getting the DMA2D to work with different larger displays like the 640 by 480 of Newhaven’s http://www.newhavendisplay.com/nhd57640480wfctxl-p-2465.html

The STM32F429 Discovery helps you to discover the high-performance microcontrollers of the STM32 F4 series and to develop your applications easily. It offers everything required for beginners and experienced users to get started quickly.

Based on the STM32F429ZIT6, it includes an ST-LINK/V2 embedded debug tool, a 2.4" QVGA TFT LCD, an external SDRAM of 64 Mbits, a gyroscope ST MEMs, a USB OTG micro-AB connector, LEDs and pushbuttons.

A large number of free ready-to-run application firmware examples are available on www.st.com/stm32f4-discovery to support quick evaluation and development.

Products are getting richer with enhanced user experiences, embedding newer larger displays, and replacing older segment displays with low and high color displays.

Selecting the right display technology can be complicated as key factors in each display are different. The following chapter is high-level addressing the different technologies, and can hopefully help you in the right direction.

Each kind of display consists of rows and columns of pixels, which can be driven in different ways, having internal and/or external display controller and RAM for framebuffers. In some technologies, each pixel needs to be updated frequently compared to other technologies where this is not necessary, as updates only happens when something changes in the GUI.

TFT stands for thin-film-transistor and is a variant of LCD displays with an active matrix. LCD-TFTs are widely used in embedded products as they are available in many different resolutions, sizes, interfaces, price ranges, etc.

Some variants of TFT-LCDs are TN and IPS panels. Examples of IPS TFT-LCDs, is the STM32F769 DISCO and STM32H747 DISCO, both running a 800*480 MIPI-DSI TFT IPS LCD display.

MIP means memory in pixels, which uses a pixel technology which only needs power/data when something changes on the screen. MIP displays are low power and runs low to full color GUIs.

eInk displays are low color displays, ideal for applications with low power consumption needs, wide viewing angles, and easy readability. TouchGFX Implementer SDATAWAY demonstrates an eInk display running an TouchGFX application on a STM32F412 here: https://www.touchgfx.com/cases/e-ink/

The display is connected to the MCU via different types of interfaces. The display interfaces vary on different parameters, and the section below addresses the graphics related parameters like number of pins needed, max bandwidth supporting different resolutions.

TouchGFX can use any display interface, and STM32 microcontrollers offer a wide range of display interfaces connecting to Motorola 6800, Intel 8080, SPI, RGB-TFT, and MIPI-DSI.Interface# of pinsTarget resolutionsMax bandwidthBenefitsDisadvantagesSPI4*Up to 480*27216 MHzSimple hardware interface, faster than I2C,

RGB-TFT (LTDC)8/18/24*Up to 1280*800High performance, low costHigh pin count, parallel communication can cause EMC issues, can require higher clock freq

Brightness is often measured in candela/m². Backlights can be the most power consuming part of the display. In sunlight one would need around 600 cd/M2. Often higher brightness increases the temperature, minimizing the lifetime of the LEDs.

When embedding a display into a product, it is important to anticipate and know which viewing positions the user can have. In some displays from certain viewing positions, a color inversion can happen. This means that installing the display in the right position, allowing the user to operate and experience the GUI while seeing the right colors designed by the graphics designer, can be tricky.

The lifetime is defined as the time until the display reaches half brightness at 25 degrees. If your product has a long life cycle, then this parameter must be taken into consideration.

Pixel density defines how many pixels are shown per inch or square inch. Choosing the right pixel density can depend on the expectations from the end user, environment, design needs etc. Putting this into perspective, a high-end mobile phone runs a 6.1” 2340x1080 with a pixel density per square inch of 178,500, while a commonly used 5” TFT display running 800x480 has 34.816 Pixels per square inch.

Some standard resolutions, display sizes and pixel densities measured in pixels per square inch (PPI2):QVGA 320*2402.4” (27,777 PPI2)3.5” (13,061 PPI2)

For some applications it can be difficult seeing any difference, unless the display is being looked at very closely. Examples of pixels densities are: STM32F476DISCO with 16,462 PPI2 and STM32F769DISCO with 54,400 PPI2.

When the pixel density is too low, a staircase effect can appear. Using anti-aliasing in the application can smooth out these staircase edges in an image. When looking at the first two blue circles, the staircase effect appears, as the pixel density does not allow the display to represent enough pixels to have a high enough color range enabling high enough anti-aliasing.

Often if the GUI is being controlled by buttons, just displaying images/video or controlled externally by another device, then adding touch to the product might not even be relevant. By not adding a touch layer to the display, this will decrease the price.

Displays with either Motorla 6800, Intel 8080, SPI, or MIPI-DSI interfaces usually embed RAM (GRAM), which has the size of 1 full framebuffer. These types of displays can connect to the MCU via SPI, FMC or DSI-host(LTDC). A second RAM (framebuffer) is required externally to the display RAM and this can be in the MCU or in external RAM.

The most common pixel shape is square, but some displays use non-square pixels. Pixel ratio is the ratio between the width of a pixel and the height of a pixel. The aspect ratio using a square pixel with 100 pixel width and 100 pixel height is therefore 1/1. But non-square pixels result in a different pixel aspect ratio.

As the display is the face of your embedded graphical user interface product, adding a cover lens could improve the look and feel. The cover lense can improve the design, scratch resistance, impact strength, colors, etc.