tft lcd ppt factory

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Presentation on theme: "TFT LCD. What is TFT LCD –Flat Panel Display What is TFT LCD  TFT-LCD stands for Thin-Film Transistor Liquid- Crystal Display  It is an advanced display."— Presentation transcript:

• TFT is made by depositing thin films on semiconductor.

• A common substrate is glass since the primary application of TFT’s are Liquid Crystal Displays.

• Silicon

WHAT IS TFT LCD ?

• TFT LCD is a sandwich like structure with crystal filled between two glass plates.

• It is common in notebook computers , that it has transistor for each pixel.

HOW DO THEY WORK ?

• A display is composed of matrix of picture elements .

• Millions of pixels create an image on the display.

• TFT’s act as switches to individually turn ‘on’ and ‘off’ for each pixel.

• Active elements

DISADVANTGES

• The general comment from the people is that the LCD TFT gets switched off after sometime .

• The liquid crystals inside the display are poisonous

• Spills off from a cracked display should be washed with soapwater.

PARK founded in 1979 .1980"s – Computer Manufacturing (EMS) (ACER, ASUS, QUANTA, FOXCONN etc) .1990"s – Semiconductor Foundries (TSMC, UMC, etc) .2000"s – TFT-LCD panel makers (INNOLUX, AUO, etc) Fabless IC Design Houses (MEDIATEK, MSTAR, NOVATEK, REALTEK, etc)

When compared to the ordinary LCD, TFT LCD gives very sharp and crisp picture/text with shorter response time. TFT LCD displays are used in more and more applications, giving products better visual presentation.

TFT is an abbreviation for "Thin Film Transistor". The colorTFT LCD display has transistors made up of thin films of Amorphous silicon deposited on a glass. It serves as a control valve to provide an appropriate voltage onto liquid crystals for individual sub-pixels. That is why TFT LCD display is also called Active Matrix display.

A TFT LCD has a liquid crystal layer between a glass substrate formed with TFTs and transparent pixel electrodes and another glass substrate with a color filter (RGB) and transparent counter electrodes. Each pixel in an active matrix is paired with a transistor that includes capacitor which gives each sub-pixel the ability to retain its charge, instead of requiring an electrical charge sent each time it needed to be changed. This means that TFT LCD displays are more responsive.

To understand how TFT LCD works, we first need to grasp the concept of field-effect transistor (FET). FET is a type of transistor which uses electric field to control the flow of electrical current. It is a component with three terminals: source, gate, and drain. FETs control the flow of current by the application of a voltage to the gate, which in turn alters the conductivity between the drain and source.

Using FET, we can build a circuit as below. Data Bus sends signal to FET Source, when SEL SIGNAL applies voltage to the Gate, driving voltage is then created on TFT LCD panel. A sub-pixel will be lit up. A TFT LCD display contains thousand or million of such driving circuits.

Topway started TFT LCD manufacturing more than15 years ago. We produce color TFT LCD display from 1.8 to 15+ inches with different resolutions and interfaces. Here is some more readings about how to choose the right TFT LCD.

TOKYO, June 15, 2020 - Mitsubishi Electric Corporation (TOKYO: 6503) announced today that it will end the production of TFT-LCD modules manufactured by its wholly owned subsidiary Melco Display Technology Inc. (MDTI), aiming at June, 2022. The production termination is due to the changes of business environment. The company will shift its and MDTI"s operating resources from LCD business to its business growth drivers such as power devices, and will aim further growth and development.

The company"s LCD business, currently focusing on small and medium-sized TFT-LCD modules for industrial and automotive use, has been expanding its business by developing and launching high value products with advanced technologies in the specific market segments based on the market needs. However, the company has decided to end the TFT-LCD modules production and terminate the business based on the consideration that the company is no longer able to maintain the products" competitiveness under the situation that the global competition involving the company"s focusing segment of high display performance and high reliability expands and intensifies with significant falling in price.

There is no significant impact on the company"s consolidated business performance. The consolidated business forecast for the current fiscal year (ending March 31, 2021) announced on May 11, 2020 reflects the influence of the TFT-LCD modules" manufacturing termination.

A liquid crystal display (LCD) has liquid crystal material sandwiched between two sheets of glass. Without any voltage applied between transparent electrodes, liquid crystal molecules are aligned in parallel with the glass surface. When voltage is applied, they change their direction and they turn vertical to the glass surface. They vary in optical characteristics, depending on their orientation. Therefore, the quantity of light transmission can be controlled by combining the motion of liquid crystal molecules and the direction of polarization of two polarizing plates attached to the both outer sides of the glass sheets. LCDs utilize these characteristics to display images.

An LCD consists of many pixels. A pixel consists of three sub-pixels (Red/Green/Blue, RGB). In the case of Full-HD resolution, which is widely used for smartphones, there are more than six million (1,080 x 1,920 x 3 = 6,220,800) sub-pixels. To activate these millions of sub-pixels a TFT is required in each sub-pixel. TFT is an abbreviation for "Thin Film Transistor". A TFT is a kind of semiconductor device. It serves as a control valve to provide an appropriate voltage onto liquid crystals for individual sub-pixels. A TFT LCD has a liquid crystal layer between a glass substrate formed with TFTs and transparent pixel electrodes and another glass substrate with a color filter (RGB) and transparent counter electrodes. In addition, polarizers are placed on the outer side of each glass substrate and a backlight source on the back side. A change in voltage applied to liquid crystals changes the transmittance of the panel including the two polarizing plates, and thus changes the quantity of light that passes from the backlight to the front surface of the display. This principle allows the TFT LCD to produce full-color images.

A thin-film transistor (TFT) is a special type of field-effect transistor (FET) where the transistor is thin relative to the plane of the device.substrate. A common substrate is glass, because the traditional application of TFTs is in liquid-crystal displays (LCDs). This differs from the conventional bulk metal oxide field effect transistor (MOSFET), where the semiconductor material typically is the substrate, such as a silicon wafer.

TFTs can be fabricated with a wide variety of semiconductor materials. Because it is naturally abundant and well understood, amorphous or polycrystalline silicon was historically used as the semiconductor layer. However, because of the low mobility of amorphous siliconcadmium selenide,metal oxides such as indium gallium zinc oxide (IGZO) or zinc oxide,organic semiconductors,carbon nanotubes,metal halide perovskites.

Because TFTs are grown on inert substrates, rather than on wafers, the semiconductor must be deposited in a dedicated process. A variety of techniques are used to deposit semiconductors in TFTs. These include chemical vapor deposition (CVD), atomic layer deposition (ALD), and sputtering. The semiconductor can also be deposited from solution,printing

Some wide band gap semiconductors, most notable metal oxides, are optically transparent.electrodes, such as indium tin oxide (ITO), some TFT devices can be designed to be completely optically transparent.head-up displays (such as on a car windshield).The first solution-processed TTFTs, based on zinc oxide, were reported in 2003 by researchers at Oregon State University.Universidade Nova de Lisboa has produced the world"s first completely transparent TFT at room temperature.

The best known application of thin-film transistors is in TFT LCDs, an implementation of liquid-crystal display technology. Transistors are embedded within the panel itself, reducing crosstalk between pixels and improving image stability.

As of 2008LCD TVs and monitors use this technology. TFT panels are frequently used in digital radiography applications in general radiography. A TFT is used in both direct and indirect capturemedical radiography.

The most beneficial aspect of TFT technology is its use of a separate transistor for each pixel on the display. Because each transistor is small, the amount of charge needed to control it is also small. This allows for very fast re-drawing of the display.

In February 1957, John Wallmark of RCA filed a patent for a thin film MOSFET in which germanium monoxide was used as a gate dielectric. Paul K. Weimer, also of RCA implemented Wallmark"s ideas and developed the thin-film transistor (TFT) in 1962, a type of MOSFET distinct from the standard bulk MOSFET. It was made with thin films of cadmium selenide and cadmium sulfide. In 1966, T.P. Brody and H.E. Kunig at Westinghouse Electric fabricated indium arsenide (InAs) MOS TFTs in both depletion and enhancement modes.

The idea of a TFT-based liquid-crystal display (LCD) was conceived by Bernard J. Lechner of RCA Laboratories in 1968.dynamic scattering LCD that used standard discrete MOSFETs, as TFT performance was not adequate at the time.T. Peter Brody, J. A. Asars and G. D. Dixon at Westinghouse Research Laboratories developed a CdSe (cadmium selenide) TFT, which they used to demonstrate the first CdSe thin-film-transistor liquid-crystal display (TFT LCD).electroluminescence (EL) in 1973, using CdSe.active-matrix liquid-crystal display (AM LCD) using CdSe in 1974, and then Brody coined the term "active matrix" in 1975.

A breakthrough in TFT research came with the development of the amorphous silicon (a-Si) TFT by P.G. le Comber, W.E. Spear and A. Ghaith at the University of Dundee in 1979. They reported the first functional TFT made from hydrogenated a-Si with a silicon nitride gate dielectric layer.research and development (R&D) of AM LCD panels based on a-Si TFTs in Japan.

By 1982, Pocket TVs based on AM LCD technology were developed in Japan.Fujitsu"s S. Kawai fabricated an a-Si dot-matrix display, and Canon"s Y. Okubo fabricated a-Si twisted nematic (TN) and guest-host LCD panels. In 1983, Toshiba"s K. Suzuki produced a-Si TFT arrays compatible with CMOS integrated circuits (ICs), Canon"s M. Sugata fabricated an a-Si color LCD panel, and a joint Sanyo and Sanritsu team including Mitsuhiro Yamasaki, S. Suhibuchi and Y. Sasaki fabricated a 3-inch a-SI color LCD TV.

The first commercial TFT-based AM LCD product was the 2.1-inch Epson ET-10Hitachi research team led by Akio Mimura demonstrated a low-temperature polycrystalline silicon (LTPS) process for fabricating n-channel TFTs on a silicon-on-insulator (SOI), at a relatively low temperature of 200°C.Hosiden research team led by T. Sunata in 1986 used a-Si TFTs to develop a 7-inch color AM LCD panel,Apple Computers.Sharp research team led by engineer T. Nagayasu used hydrogenated a-Si TFTs to demonstrate a 14-inch full-color LCD display,electronics industry that LCD would eventually replace cathode-ray tube (CRT) as the standard television display technology.notebook PCs.IBM Japan introduced a 12.1-inch color SVGA panel for the first commercial color laptop by IBM.

TFTs can also be made out of indium gallium zinc oxide (IGZO). TFT-LCDs with IGZO transistors first showed up in 2012, and were first manufactured by Sharp Corporation. IGZO allows for higher refresh rates and lower power consumption.polyimide substrate.

Kawamoto, H. (2012). "The Inventors of TFT Active-Matrix LCD Receive the 2011 IEEE Nishizawa Medal". Journal of Display Technology. 8 (1): 3–4. Bibcode:2012JDisT...8....3K. doi:10.1109/JDT.2011.2177740. ISSN 1551-319X.

Morozumi, Shinji; Oguchi, Kouichi (12 October 1982). "Current Status of LCD-TV Development in Japan". Molecular Crystals and Liquid Crystals. 94 (1–2): 43–59. doi:10.1080/00268948308084246. ISSN 0026-8941.

Mimura, Akio; Oohayashi, M.; Ohue, M.; Ohwada, J.; Hosokawa, Y. (1986). "SOI TFT"s with directly contacted ITO". IEEE Electron Device Letters. 7 (2): 134–6. Bibcode:1986IEDL....7..134M. doi:10.1109/EDL.1986.26319. ISSN 0741-3106. S2CID 36089445.

Sunata, T.; Yukawa, T.; Miyake, K.; Matsushita, Y.; Murakami, Y.; Ugai, Y.; Tamamura, J.; Aoki, S. (1986). "A large-area high-resolution active-matrix color LCD addressed by a-Si TFT"s". 33 (8): 1212–1217. Bibcode:1986ITED...33.1212S. doi:10.1109/T-ED.1986.22644. ISSN 0018-9383. S2CID 44190988.

Sunata, T.; Miyake, K.; Yasui, M.; Murakami, Y.; Ugai, Y.; Tamamura, J.; Aoki, S. (1986). "A 640 × 400 pixel active-matrix LCD using a-Si TFT"s". IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices. 33 (8): 1218–21. Bibcode:1986ITED...33.1218S. doi:10.1109/T-ED.1986.22645. ISSN 0018-9383. S2CID 6356531.

Nagayasu, T.; Oketani, T.; Hirobe, T.; Kato, H.; Mizushima, S.; Take, H.; Yano, K.; Hijikigawa, M.; Washizuka, I. (October 1988). "A 14-in.-diagonal full-color a-Si TFT LCD". Conference Record of the 1988 International Display Research Conference: 56–58. doi:10.1109/DISPL.1988.11274. S2CID 20817375.

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BOE was the leading manufacturer of large-area TFT LCD display units worldwide in 2020, accounting for approximately 27.7 percent of global unit shipments. LG Display and Innolux Corp. rounded out the top three manufacturing companies that year, with a shipment share of 14.1 and 13.7 percent, respectively.

Thin-film transistor (TFT) displays are flat-panel LCD displays in which each pixel on the screen is individually controlled by one or multiple transistors. These transistors act as individual electronic switches that allow pixels to change state more quickly, resulting in faster response rates, clear resolution, and easily controlled vibrant colors. Global shipments of TFT LCD displays have increased in recent years, reaching an all-time high of over 771 million units in 2019. However, recent data projects a growing oversupply in the years to come, as consumer demand for large TFT LCD TV and monitor devices is not expected to meet production capacity.

BOE Technology has shipped the largest quantities of large-area TFT LCD displays worldwide since 2018. The Chinese company provides interface devices, smart IoT systems and smart medicine technologies, but it is its work in the display industry that has helped the panel maker build a global reputation. With the commissioning of the world’s first gen 10.5 TFT LCD production line in 2018, BOE accelerated the mass production of large TFT LCD panels and surpassed its biggest competitor LG Display for the first time.Read moreShare of global large-area TFT LCD display unit shipments from 2016 to 2020, by manufacturerCharacteristicBOELG DisplayInnolux Corp.AUOSamsungChina StarOthers--------

IHS, & Website (Display Daily). (March 30, 2020). Share of global large-area TFT LCD display unit shipments from 2016 to 2020, by manufacturer [Graph]. In Statista. Retrieved January 01, 2023, from https://www.statista.com/statistics/612991/global-large-area-tft-lcd-display-share/

IHS, und Website (Display Daily). "Share of global large-area TFT LCD display unit shipments from 2016 to 2020, by manufacturer." Chart. March 30, 2020. Statista. Accessed January 01, 2023. https://www.statista.com/statistics/612991/global-large-area-tft-lcd-display-share/

IHS, Website (Display Daily). (2020). Share of global large-area TFT LCD display unit shipments from 2016 to 2020, by manufacturer. Statista. Statista Inc.. Accessed: January 01, 2023. https://www.statista.com/statistics/612991/global-large-area-tft-lcd-display-share/

IHS, and Website (Display Daily). "Share of Global Large-area Tft Lcd Display Unit Shipments from 2016 to 2020, by Manufacturer." Statista, Statista Inc., 30 Mar 2020, https://www.statista.com/statistics/612991/global-large-area-tft-lcd-display-share/

IHS & Website (Display Daily), Share of global large-area TFT LCD display unit shipments from 2016 to 2020, by manufacturer Statista, https://www.statista.com/statistics/612991/global-large-area-tft-lcd-display-share/ (last visited January 01, 2023)