flytech touch screen monitors free sample

K750 series is Flytech"s industrial Panel PC with multiple touchscreen sizes and rich peripherals integrated that suits an array of applications. With durable die-casting housing, powerful performance, full I/O port support, and flexible mounting options, making it perfect for retail, hospitality, medical and industrial uses.

In view of this, it is important to provide a touch panel with a flat surface. Based on research, the inventor proposes the present invention to address the above issues.

A display device is provided. The display device comprises a screen body and two swipe card readers. The screen body having a front surface and a rear surface. The screen body comprises at least one display screen unit. The two swipe card readers are disposed on the front surface and the rear surface and electrically connected to the at least one display screen unit.

Referring to FIG. 1 and FIG. 2, which shows the first embodiment of the display device 1 of the instant disclosure. The display device 1 comprises a screen body 11 and two swipe card readers 13. The screen body 11 is usually a screen having a thin profile having a front surface 112 and a rear surface 114. The two swipe card readers 13 are disposed on the front surface 112 and the rear surface 114 separately. The swipe card readers 13 have different installation options on the display body 11, for example, vertically (U-shaped) installation and the laying horizontally (C-shaped) installation. The manufacturer may choose the better installation arrangement to suit the customers" particular requirements.

The screen body 11 further comprises at least one display screen unit. The at least one display screen unit may comprise a first display screen unit 116 and a second display screen unit 118 disposed on the front surface 112 and rear surface 114 separately, and electrically connected with the two swipe card readers 13. Therefore, the display device 1 has two display screen units on both two sides separately. In more detail, the display device 1 may further collaborate with the two swipe card readers 13 disposed on a front surface 112 and a rear surface 114. With this arrangement, somebody could swipes a card by the swipe card reader 13 on whether sides, and then, information may be displayed on the first display screen unit 116 and the second display screen unit 118 separately. Wherein, the information displayed on the first display screen unit 116 and the second display screen unit 118 may be individually controlled. Further, the at least one display screen unit may a first display screen unit 116, and optionally disposed the first display screen unit 116 on the front surface 112 or the rear surface 114 upon the surroundings.

Please referring to FIG. 1 and FIG. 2 again, the display device 1 further comprises a seat body 15, and the seat body 15 has a pivot 152. The screen body 11 pivotally connected to the seat body 15 by the pivot 152. Therefore, the screen body 11 may be rotationally adjusted to a desired vision fit user"s eyesight.

Referring to FIG. 3 to FIG. 4, which shows the second embodiment of the display device 1 of the instant disclosure. The display device 1 comprises a screen body 11, a seat body 15 and two swipe card readers 13. The screen body 11 comprises a front surface 112 and a rear surface 114 opposite to the front surface 112 and at least one display screen unit. The screen body 11 connects to the seat body 15. Two swipe card readers 13 are disposed on the opposite two sides along the normal direction of the front surface 112 and the rear surface 114. Therefore, users can conveniently swipe their cards by the swipe card reader 13 on the front surface 112 side or the rear surface 114 side. As the first embodiment, the swipe card reader 13 of the second embodiment has different installation options on the display body 11, for example, vertically (U-shaped) installation and the laying horizontally (C-shaped, not shown) installation. The manufacturer may choose the better installation style from the two installation ways upon the working surroundings. Wherein, there are still some difference with the first embodiment is that the swipe card reader 13 of the display device 1 is disposed on the seat body 15, and the swipe card reader 13 of the display device 1 of the second embodiment is disposed on the screen body 11. Other detailed structures are similar to the first embodiment, it is not described herein.

All faytech touch screen monitors are truly industrial grade, with optically bonded touch panels and with minimum operational temperature ranges of -20°C to 70°C.

All faytech touchscreen monitors come with standard display input ports, USB touch output port, and DC power cable. All faytech touchscreen monitor solutions feature LCD displays with LED backlight units.

Technical specifications and drawings are available to download for all of our standard touchscreen monitor modules. Our touch screen monitor lineup is divided into three major categories:

Our touchscreen monitor solutions are perfect for indoor commercial and industrial applications such as point of sale, retail advertising/signage, office, and industrial machine interfaces.

The touchscreen monitor solutions. These touchscreen monitors are excellent alternative options to PCAP for POS systems, control panel interfaces in industrial facilities, kiosk input interfaces, machine interfaces, and in numerous other commercial and industrial applications.

Faytech’s 2 brightness LCDs along with PCAP touch panels. This touchscreen monitor lineup is ideal for outdoor and semi-outdoor applications such as outdoor advertising and information systems, restaurant menus, and outdoor industrial control systems.

Faytech recognizes that many customers need more than just a touchscreen monitor. We also offer a full lineup of industrial touch screen monitors, rugged touch monitors, portable touchscreen monitor along with integrated industrial computers with installed choice of OS. Just add software. If you’re looking to build a touch screen monitor.

Even though we offer a very comprehensive portfolio of touch monitor products, sometime special requirements require special products. If you have a custom need – maybe a specific touchscreen display picked out, a custom form factor, or something larger than our standard line supports, we may still be able to help.

A touch screen monitor is more than just a fad to replace a desktop computer, multi touch displays are changing the way people expect to interact with devices.

Additionally, touch screen monitors are very versatile. They can be used for a variety of purposes, such as customer check-in, product ordering, and employee time tracking.

Another reason why touchscreen monitors are becoming more popular in commercial and industrial settings is that they are very durable. A touch screen monitor can withstand a lot of wear and tear, which is ideal for businesses that have high traffic areas.

Overall, touch screen monitors are becoming more popular in commercial and industrial settings because they are user-friendly, versatile, and durable.

There are many benefits to using touch screen monitors for both customers and employees. First, a touch screen monitor is very user-friendly and easy to use.

This makes touchscreen monitor products with prestine image quality ideal for use in businesses where customers need to be able to quickly and easily navigate through menus or options.

Second, a touchscreen monitors are very durable and can withstand a lot of wear and tear. This makes a touchscreen display ideal for use in retail, governmental or commercial settings where they will be used frequently or in high traffic areas.

Finally, touchscreen monitors offer a great deal of flexibility and can be used in a variety of ways. For example, a touch screen monitor can be used for point-of-sale systems, self-service kiosks, or even as digital signage with optimal image quality.

There are several reasons for this trend of touch screen devices growing in popularity. Touchscreen monitors are interactive and engaging, making them ideal for businesses that want to encourage customer interaction.

A touch screen monitor is also easy to use, which makes them ideal for businesses that want to streamline employee workflow. In addition, touch screen displays are durable and can withstand heavy use, making them ideal for businesses that have high traffic areas.

There are many reasons why commercial and industrial businesses are starting to use touch screen monitors. They’re easy to use, they’re efficient, they have high image quality, and they offer a great user experience.

Touch screen monitors are easy to use because they don’t require any special training or knowledge to operate. They’re also very efficient because they can be used to process transactions quickly and accurately. And finally, they offer a great user experience because they’re interactive and user-friendly.

Many types of organizations are starting to use touch screen monitors for customers and employees because they are versatile and easy to use. A touch screen monitor can help businesses save time and money.

Touch screen monitors are becoming increasingly popular in the business world because they offer a number of advantages over a traditional desktop monitor or 1080p monitor.

A touch monitor with a led backlit display is very versatile and can be used for a variety of purposes, such as customer service, order taking, and inventory management. A touch screen monitor is also very easy to use because of their HD res inputs and tilt angle high screen resolution with image quality that reduces eye strain.

There’s no doubt that touchscreen monitor developments have come a long way in recent years. We’ve seen touchscreen monitor technology become thinner, lighter and more responsive, and now a touch screen monitor is an integral part of many people’s lives.

In light of recent developments in Meta and virtual reality developments, it’s clear that the future of touchscreen monitor technology is looking very exciting.

With Meta, users will be able to interact with their computer and touch screen monitor in a whole new way, and virtual reality will allow them to immerse themselves in their work like never before.

So, what does this all mean for the future of touchscreen monitors? Well, it’s safe to say that we can expect to experience some very exciting touch screen monitor developments in the years to come.

While there are many adaptations in the works regarding NFTs and other Web 3.0 related tech, you’ll want to follow faytech North America to stay up to date with where we take touchscreen monitor devices.

Touchscreen monitor technology has evolved over the years, and the future of touchscreen monitor projects is likely to be even more advanced as image quality technology continues to improve.

Touchscreen monitor technology has been around for decades, but it has only recently become widely used in consumer electronics. Now it is fairly common to see a touch screen monitor with a stylus pen, HD webcam for video conferencing, and convenient software for multi tasking.

The first multi touch screen devices were developed for use in industrial and military applications. These early touchscreens were bulky and expensive, and they were not well suited for use in consumer products.

Touchscreen monitor technology has come a long way in recent years, and the future looks even brighter. With the development of Meta and virtual reality, the potential for touchscreen monitors is even greater.

With these new touch screen monitor technologies, users will be able to interact with a touch screen monitor in ways that were not possible before. This will open up new possibilities for how we use touchscreen monitors in the future.

With the recent developments in meta and virtual reality, it’s difficult to say for sure. However, it’s safe to say that touchscreen technology will only become more advanced and widespread in the years to come.

faytech offers 2 major touch screen monitor technologies in its standard touch monitor catalogue – Projected capacitive (PCAP) touch and Resistive touch.

(PCAP) touch technology was invented in the 1980’s. Devices featuring projected capacitive touch screen monitor first started to appear in the late 1990’s, but none truly gained real popularity during that time. The first device to truly popularize PCAP technology was the iPhone in 2007. The proliferation of the smart phone over the next 5 years made PCAP the consumer touch technology.

Today, PCAP makes up over 97% of all display touch panels worldwide. This scale of adoption has pushed the cost of PCAP technology to be very close to that of 4-wire resistive touch, and much cheaper than other forms of resistive touch.

Nearly all consumer-facing touch screen devices and touch screen monitor devices (phones, laptops, tablets, casino games, automobiles, retail kiosks) have adopted the technology exclusively.

Non-consumer industrial touch screen applications also tend to prefer PCAP due to the strength afforded by its front glass surface and superior optical clarity.

PCAP touch screens are essentially a grid of transparent capacitors typically spaced 5-12mm apart throughout the touch surface. The technology works by detecting changes in the electric field at each capacitor ‘node’ when a conductive object touches the front surface of the device. The touch controller accepts reports of the capacitance at each node every few milliseconds – if any node has a capacitance past a programmed threshold, a touch is registered.

The conductive films do not need force or motion to function, so the front surface can be a strong glass (anywhere from 0.4mm to 6mm thick), or even plastic material. For this reason, PCAP touch devices are the most rugged of all current touch technologies, and do not have the ‘overuse failure’ mechanism of 4-wire resistive touch.

They are extremely popular, in part, due to the multi-touch and gesture controls (drag, flick, pinch) afforded by the technology that open up great interactivity options for end-use applications.

Since there are no moving parts in a PCAP touch, the layers are always optically bonded, which gives PCAP a better overall look than resistive, with significantly better contrast and higher brightness.

However, PCAP touch screens only function when touched by a conductive material, such as a finger or capacitive stylus. Some PCAP touch devices can have issues with liquid spills registering as touches, or heavy gloved fingers failing to trigger a touch (though current-gen industrial devices have mostly solved these problems). faytech industrial PCAP devices have been designed for, and tested with, heavy rain and thick glove environments.

Consumer electronics: Nearly all cell phones, tablets, and laptops use PCAP touch technology. Consumers are used to precise multi-touch gesture controls and not needing to put pressure on the screen to register a touch. Additionally, they are also used to the smooth surface and clean look provided by a front glass.

Gaming: Players at casinos using a touch screen prefer PCAP, since it is what they are generally used to on every other device they own. The front screen is protected by a thick front glass. Units can be protected from spills, and drink glasses on the touch surface won’t inadvertently activate the touch.

Advertising: Public-facing touch screens should be easily accessible by the public. People are used to having PCAP touch screens in their pockets at all times, and using PCAP here provides a consistency of experience. Thick glass surfaces can additionally protect the underlying display from damage.

Outdoor: Since resistive touch always needs to include an air gap, it is not generally good, optically speaking, for usage in high ambient light environments. Optically bonded PCAP units preserve display contrast in outdoor situations, allowing units with lower brightness (and lower power consumption) to still be visible.

Resistive touch technology was invented in 1970. The technology was popularized through the 1980’s and 90’s in applications such as credit card readers with signature pens, touch interfaces for office printers, and PDAs. While resistive touch is no-longer the most common (now only around 2% of total touch panel market), there are still applications where it is the best option.

Resistive touch screens function by having 2 ITO layers separated by air and spacers. When a force causes the 2 ITO layers to touch, a circuit is completed and the location of the touch is reported. Due to the nature of the technology, just about any object can be used to touch the screen (gloved hands, long fingernails, credit cards, pens).

Resistive touch technology is also great in scenarios where spills or dirt is expected to end up on the touch surface – unless the weight is enough to push the film against the underlying glass, touch functionality will remain. Since it requires some small amount of force for a touch to register, it is less likely than other technologies for a user to inadvertently register a touch on the screen.

However, resistive touch screens are less optically clear than competing technologies due to the 2 layers being separated by air, which increases reflectivity. Lower cost 4-wire resistive touch screens are typically prone to failure after around 200,000 touches, though more rugged 5-wire versions are available which alleviate this issue (faytech offers both).

Typically, the top layer of a resistive touch panel is a thin PET film with ITO rear coating, which limits how rugged these units can be made (though some smaller units can be made with a thin glass front surface). Resistive touch screens do very well with single point touch, but tend to suffer in applications where multi-point and gesture touch controls are required.

POS Systems: Retail employees like being able to use non-conductive objects to tap on-screen buttons – pens, credit cards, long fingernails. These will work with resistive touch screens, but not with capacitive touch. Card readers frequently also come with resistive touch panels for accepting customer signatures.

Cockpit Avionics: Resistive touch panels do not rely on an electric field outside the touch panel surface to operate. Since electromagnetic noise in the cockpit of a certified aircraft must be tightly controlled, resistive touch is still a common technology. Additionally, resistive screens require some small amount of force to register a touch, making pilot errors less likely during turbulent flight.

Gloved Touch: Many applications where thick gloves are worn by operators are still including resistive touch. While capacitive technology has come a long way in allowing heavy glove touch, resistive touch still provides a surety that all gloved touches will register.

What many suppliers view as an upgrade, faytech views as a standard. We believe strongly in the benefits of direct bonding and believe it should be included in all touch products – and so it is in all of our products.

Optically bonded products sold by faytech improve the contrast of the image on the screen. This gives the image on the screen, as well as the display system itself, a crisp, professional look. It is greatly beneficial in outdoor and semi-outdoor environments.

faytech optically bonded displays have a layer of clear silicone gel between the touch panel and LCD front glass. This layer blocks dirt, dust, and moisture from getting behind the glass. This ensures that your faytech display will be visible in the harshest environments.

Touch screen monitors were initially used in point-of-sale (POS) terminals, kiosk systems, ATM’s and on PDA’s. The ever-expanding popularity of smartphones using Android and iOS operating systems, tablets, GPS systems and gaming consoles are increasing the demand for touch screen technologies.

Early touchscreen displays could only sense a single point of input at a time and only a few of them were capable of detecting the strength of the pressure. This was changed with Apple’s ongoing commercialization of the multi-touch technology with iPhone and iPod touch.

Multi-touch touch screen technology allows the user to interact with the screen with fingers, instead of a stylus. The movement of fingers creates gestures, which are then sent to the software. The initial popularity of the iPhone, has brought touch technology to many smart phones and hand-held devices which paved the way for all-in-one computer systems.

Faytech North America, as a touch screen manufacturer has realized that many companies have upgraded their products, either by adding multi-touch support to the track-pad or by making their tablet PC’s interactable without using a stylus. Both wall mounted and table mounted options have few ergonomic problems. “gorilla arm” was a side effect, that has limited wall-mounted option as a mainstream.

Developers of touch systems, failed to notice, that humans are not designed to hold their arms extended for long periods of time while making small and precise motions.

Ever since their development in 1971, touchscreen monitors have been finding their way into more and more commercial applications. They come in any number of configurations, but in the end, they all function on the same principle and that is “see and touch”.

Fast food restaurants were one of the first businesses to implement these screens on a retail level but now more and more business are discovering the benefit of having them available at their point of sale locations.

The resistive touch screen type uses a normal glass panel, that is covered by a resistive and a conductive metallic layer and a protective layer (scratch resistant) on top of all this. When you make contact with the screen, the two metallic layers are joined and the change in electrical field is detected. The circuit on the display  then calculates the coordinates and transfer them to the screen software. The driver then transfers the information about the coordinates to the OS, in a form of events similar to mouse clicks and drags.

With the capacitive touch screen type, a layer storing electrical charge, is placed on the glass. When you make contact with the layer, a small amount of the electrical charge is transferred to you, decreasing the charge on the layer. Sensors, located at the corners of the screen, detect a change in electrical charge levels and transfer the information to the software to process.

The biggest advantage of capacitive type over resistive is that it has 90% light throughput. This gives the capacitive touch screen monitors a much clearer picture. Since this type of technology uses electric charge to detect an event, you must use a conductive input, such as a finger.

These are just the most commonly used touch screen types and we at faytech North America have our own unique touch solutions. There are many other touchscreen technologies out there, such as strain gauge configuration (from 1960’s) or relatively-modern optical imaging technology. And recently, new touchscreen monitor technologies have been developed such as sunlight readable monitors,rugged monitors and open frame touch screen monitors that can withstand extreme environments.

Touch screen displays are very easy to figure out and most people will learn how to interact with them very quickly. The learning curve is very short. A recently hired employee no longer has to go through lengthy training sessions and can be found effortlessly using an intuitive touch interface within a few hours.

The touch screen technology developed by faytech North America brings significant time savings to point of sale systems in any retail establishment. The touch solutions simplify most transactions. The employee – or the customer – interacts with the screen, reviewing the potential options and makes a selection.

Products that cannot be bar coded, like perishable items, for example, or things that are small or with irregular surfaces that would hinder barcoding can now be easily processed through a point of sale with a touch screen display.

The viability as an interaction tool for the retail establishment has been established for some time now and this is why more and more businesses everywhere are implementing touch screen technologies.

Another factor is that faytech North America touch screen displays have also become more affordable in recent years and they are a technology that isn’t going to become obsolete in this lifetime.

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Resistive Touch Screen, Capacitive Touch Screen, Infrared Touch ScreenOn the basis of Application, the Global Retail Touch Screen Display Market is segmented into:

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The market for Industrial Touch Screen Display is broken down into segments, each of which is summarised in the research along with definitions, classifications, application categories, and market shares that may have an impact on the segment"s performance. Several significant market segments include the following:

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BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to a touch screen display and, more particularly, to a reflection resistant, touch sensitive display.

A touch screen display permits a user to input information to a computer system by touching an icon or other visual element displayed on a screen or by tracing a symbol on a screen to be identified and interpreted by the computer system. Direct user interaction through a touch sensitive screen is considered to be one of the most intuitive methods of computer input. As a result, touch screens have been widely applied to personal digital equipment; to public access data processing systems, such as self-service fuel pumps, automated teller machines and automated ticketing systems; and to instrumentation and controls for medical equipment, aircraft, and vehicles.

Several types of touch screens have developed to address the needs of the wide variety of potential applications. Surface Acoustic Wave (SAW) touch screens cojmprise a glass panel with acoustic transceivers attached to three corners and reflecting stripes arranged along the edges. The transceivers generate inaudible sound waves that travel across the screen. When a user"s finger makes contact with the screen, a portion of the wave"s energy is absorbed. The touch screen controller detects the energy loss and calculates the coordinates of the contact. A Near Field Imaging (NFI) touch screen comprises a base layer and a front layer of glass separated by a transparent conductive film deposited in a patterned topology. A controller applies an excitation waveform to the conductive

layer to generate a low strength electrostatic field in the front layer of glass. The field is modulated when the glass is contacted by a finger or a conductive stylus, producing a differential signal that is detected and spatially resolved by the controller to determine the location of the contact with the screen. Capacitive touch screens comprise multiple layers of glass with a thin conductive film between a pair of glass layers. A narrow pattern of electrodes is placed between glass layers. The conductive film may be, for example, patterned indium tin oxide (ITO) or a thin wire mesh. An oscillator circuit attached to each corner of the screen induces a low voltage electric field in the coating. When the glass screen is touched, the properties of the electric field change. The touch screen"s controller computes the coordinates of the point of contact with the screen by measuring the relative changes of the electric field at a plurality of electrodes.

The most popular type of touch screen is a resistive touch screen. Resistive touch screens comprise a substantially rigid substrate and a flexible cover each having a surface coated with a transparent conductive material, usually indium tin oxide (ITO). The substrate and cover are bonded together with the conductive surfaces facing each other but separated by an air gap produced by a pattern of transparent insulators deployed on one of the surfaces. When a user presses on the flexible cover, the cover is deformed and the conductive surfaces make contact. A controller measures the voltage drop in circuits resulting from contact between the conductive layers to determine the coordinates of the point at which the contact was made.

Resistive and capacitive touch sensitive systems are typically produced as a transparent, touch-sensitive panel that is placed in front of the screen or display surface of the underlying electronic display. The touch sensitive systems are commonly used in conjunction with several types of displays including cathode ray tubes (CRTs) and liquid crystal displays (LCDs). LCD-based displays are preferred for many touch screen applications because LCDs are lighter, more compact, more rugged, and use less energy than CRT displays.

While LCDs are the displays of choice for many touch screen applications, the combination of an LCD display device and a touch panel can be problematic. The principal problem is that touch panels are reflective and, when exposed to

The reflectivity of a resistive touch panel is principally the result of coating the facing surfaces of the cover and the substrate with the transparent conductive coating of ITO. ITO has a relatively high index of refraction (typically, n=1.83 for light in the green wavelengths) while the air in the gap between the resistive surfaces has an index of refraction of 1.0. The percentage of perpendicularly incident light reflected from a discontinuity in the index of refraction is, approximately:

Sawai et al., U.S. Patent No. 6,020,945, disclose an optical filter for a resistive touch panel that is intended to prevent reflection of external light and obscuration of the displayed image. The optical filter comprises, generally, a filter polarizer in front of the screen of the display. The filter polarizer may be a circular polarizer comprising a combination of a linear polarizer and a quarter wave phase difference plate. Much of the ambient light striking the front of the panel is absorbed by the filter polarizer. In addition, light passing through the filter polarizer and reflecting from the ITO layers passes twice through a quarter wave phase difference plate. The phase difference plate alters the polarization of the reflected light so that the reflected light is blocked by the filter polarizer.

On the other hand, the linear polarized light of the image from the LCD light valve is circular polarized by a second phase difference plate before passing through the touch panel. The optical axis of a circular polarizing, filter polarizer is aligned so that the circular polarized light from the LCD is transmitted through the filter polarizer to the viewer. While a touch panel filter reduces reflection of ambient light, the combination of the filter polarizer and phase difference plates substantially attenuates the light from the light valve reducing the brightness of the image, and the combination of the touch panel and filter substantially distort the image. What is desired, therefore, is a touch screen providing substantially reduced reflection of ambient light and an undistorted image.

FIG. 2 is an exploded cross-section of a touch screen comprising a resistive , touch panel of alternative construction and an associated liquid crystal display (LCD). FIG. 3 is a schematic representation of the arrangement of the conductive elements of an exemplary four-wire resistive touch panel.

FIG. 4 is an equivalent circuit of an exemplary four-wire resistive touch panel. FIG. 5 is an isocontrast plot of the output of an exemplary LCD. FIG. 6 is an isocontrast plot of the output of a touch screen comprising the exemplary LCD of FIG. 5 and a resistive touch panel.

FIG. 7 is an isocontrast plot of the output of a touch screen comprising the exemplary LCD of FIG. 5 and a resistive touch panel including a front polarizer. FIG. 8 is an exploded cross-section of a reflection resistant touch screen comprising a capacitive touch panel and an associated LCD.

TABLE 1 A is a table of alternate reflection resistant touch screen constructions indicating arrangements and characteristics of touch screen elements. TABLE 1 B is a table of the specular reflection contributions from the components of the touch screens of alternate construction described in TABLE 1A. TABLE 1 C is a table of the diffuse reflection contributions from the components of the touch screens of alternate construction described in TABLE 1A. TABLE 1 D is a table illustrating the optical performance of the touch screens of alternate construction described in TABLE 1 A.

Referring to FIGS. 1 and 2 (like elements are identified by common item numbers), a touch screen generally comprises a transparent touch sensitive panel 68 (indicated by a bracket) which is installed proximate to the display screen of a computer operated display, such as a liquid crystal display (LCD) 50 or a cathode ray tube (CRT) monitor. A user can see the displayed image through the touch panel and interact with the computer system by touching the front surface of the touch panel at a location designated by the computer with the display of an icon or other visible indicator. Typically, touch panels and displays are produced as separate units and are often supplied by different manufacturers.

observing an image displayed on the front of the panel, is controlled by the light valve 54. The light valve 54 comprises a pair of polarizers 60 and 62 separated by a layer of liquid crystals 64 contained in a cell gap between the polarizers. Light from the backlight 52 impinging on the first polarizer 62 comprises electromagnetic waves vibrating in a plurality of planes. Only that portion of the light vibrating in the plane of the optical axis of a polarizer can pass through the polarizer. In an LCD light valve, the optical axes of the first 62 and second 60 polarizers are typically arranged at an angle so that light passing through the first polarizer would normally be blocked from passing through the second polarizer in the series. However, the orientation of the translucent crystals in the layer of liquid crystals 64 can be locally controlled to either "twist" the vibratory plane of the light into alignment with the optical axes of the polarizers, permitting light to pass through the light valve creating a bright picture element or pixel, or out of alignment with the optical axis of one of the polarizers, attenuating the light and creating a darker area of the screen or pixel.

Several touch panel technologies are available. Resistive touch panels are typically the least expensive and, therefore, the most common. Referring to FIG.1 , a resistive touch panel 68 (indicated by a bracket) comprises generally a i substantially rigid, transparent substrate 70 and a flexible cover 72 that are bonded together but separated by an air gap 74 that is maintained by a plurality of transparent insulators 76 that are deployed between the substrate and the cover. The proximate surfaces 78 and 80 of the substrate 70 and flexible cover 72, respectively, are coated with a transparent conductive material, typically, indium tin oxide (ITO). Referring to FIG. 3, the conductive ITO layers 78 and 80 deposited on the cover 72 and the substrate 70, respectively, comprise resistive conductors between a pair of bus bars at the top 100 and bottom 102 edges of the cover substrate and the right 106 and left 104 edges of the other panel element

A touch screen controller 108 determines the coordinates of the point of contact by measuring voltage between points in the circuits that are completed through the conductive surface layers. Resistive touch panels are generally classified as four-wire, five-wire, and eight-wire touch panels according to the number of conductors in the resistive circuit. For example, FIG. 4 illustrates an equivalent circuit 120 of a four-wire resistive touch panel. The controller 108 compares the voltage between either the top bus bar 100 or the bottom bus bar 102 of the first layer and one of the left 104 and right 106 bus bars of the second conductive layer with a reference voltage (top bus bar 100 to bottom bus bar 102) to determine the x-coordinate of the contact point 122. The controller 108 then switches the procedure and determines the y-coordinate of the screen touch by comparing the reference voltage to the voltage between either the right 104 or left 106 bus bar of the second layer and either the top 100 or bottom 102 bus bar of the first layer. _

LCD-based touch screens are highly desirable for many applications because an LCD is lighter, more rugged, more energy efficient, and more compact than a CRT. However, a resistive touch panel 68 is very reflective and in modest to high intensity ambient lighting the luminance of the reflection from the touch panel may be sufficient to obscure the image displayed by an LCD.

The readability of an LCD is a function of the luminance (brightness) and contrast of the LCD display and the luminance of the reflected ambient light. While the brightness of the LCD can be increased by increasing the intensity of the backlight, the contrast between light and dark areas of the screen is limited by the ability of the light valve to extinguish light from the backlight to produce darkened pixels. The contrast of the screen is typically specified by the ratio of the contrast of light and dark pixels:

L = luminance of white state (lighted pixel) LB = luminance of black state (darkened pixel) The contrast ratio is typically specified for a display viewed in a darkened room because of the effect of reflected ambient light on the contrast ratio at a defined viewing angle. For example, an LCD with a white state luminance of 200 nits and a black state luminance of 0.5 nits has a contrast ratio of 400 when viewed in a darkened room. On the other hand, if the LCD is viewed in a well-lit room that produces a glare of 20 nits at the front surface, the white state luminance will be 220 nits, the black state luminance will be 20.5 nits, and the contrast ratio will be 10.7 (220/20.5) substantially less than the contrast ratio for the display in the darkened room. Since the extinction ratio of the light valve and, therefore, the contrast ratio of the LCD in a darkened room are essentially fixed, increasing the brightness of the backlight to overcome the effects of ambient light reflections produces limited improvements in the readability of the display. Reducing the reflection of ambient light from a touch panel without significantly reducing the brightness or the contrast ratio of the displayed image can significantly improve the readability of LCD displays used in environments with higher intensity ambient lighting.

Ambient light impinging on the front of a touch screen passes through the transparent layers of the touch panel and the LCD. Light is reflected when it crosses the boundary between two materials that have differing indices of refraction. For example, the high reflectivity of the resistive touch panel is principally the result of the interaction of ambient light with the resistive coating on the proximate surfaces 78 and 80 of the substrate 70 and cover 72 of the touch panel. Indium tin oxide (ITO) is commonly used to create the transparent conductive surfaces on the substrate and cover. ITO has a high index of refraction

(typically, n=1.83 for light in the green wavelengths) while the air in the gap between the resistive surfaces has an index of refraction of 1.0. As a result of transiting the air-ITO interface, a substantial portion of the ambient light impinging on the front of the panel is reflected back to the viewer 58. A polarizer 82 arranged in front of the touch screen can significantly reduce the reflection of ambient light. The ambient light randomly vibrates in all planes, but only that portion of the light vibrating in the plane of a polarizer can pass through the polarizer. As a result, a polarizer in front of the touch screen substantially reduces the light reaching the ITO interfaces for reflection back to the viewer 58. If the optical axis of the polarizer 82 on the front of the screen is aligned with the optical axis of the second polarizer 60 of the light valve 54 transmission of the image from the light valve is maximized. However, adding a polarizer 82 to the front of the touch screen distorts the image. The present inventor concluded that the image distortion is primarily the result of the interaction of the polarized light comprising the image with birefringent materials interposed between the light valve and the polarizer 82. For example, the flexible cover of resistive touch panels is typically manufactured from polyester (PET) which is birefringent as a result of its molecular structure. In addition, the birefringence of a material is altered by the effects of local strain on the molecular structure. When the flexible cover of a resistive touch panel is deformed by contact, stress causes the birefringence of the cover to vary spatially. As a result, the polarizer 82 interferes to varying degrees with the polarized light comprising the image and the image is distorted. The present inventor concluded that reflection of ambient light could be reduced by arranging a polarizer in front of the touch panel and that the image quality could be preserved by avoiding introducing birefringence in the optical path between the light valve 54 and the viewer 58.

In the LCD touch screen 20, the front surface of the touch panel 68 comprises a polarizer 82. The flexible cover 72 of the touch panel 68 comprises a substantially non-birefringent, flexible plastic material, such as polycarbonate (PC), triacetate cellulose (TAC), or polyvinyl alcohol (PVA). Since the cover 72 is

Referring to FIG. 2, the touch panel 92 of an alternative touch screen 90 incorporates a polarizer 94 (indicated by a bracket) comprising a polarizing element 95 supported by and bonded to a first surface of a flexible, non-glass, support layer 97. The support layer 97 comprises a non-birefringent material such as PVA that is bonded to the birefringent polarizing element 95 to form a polarizer 94 that can be substituted for the separate polarizer 82 and cover 72 utilized in touch panel 20. The polarizer 94 is attached to the front of the touch panel 92. The second surface of the support layer 97 proximate to the substrate 70 is coated with ITO to provide the electrical conductivity required for a resistive touch panel. The front surfaces of the polarizers 82 and 92 are typically coated with a material that reduces reflection and repels oil to minimize visual effects of finger touches.

Comparison of isocontrast plots for the output of an LCD display without a touch panel 120, see FIG. 5; the LCD equipped a resistive touch panel 122, see FIG. 6; and the LCD equipped with a resistive touch panel including a non- birefringent front cover 124, see FIG. 7, illustrate the improvement in contrast ratio (without image distortion) that can be achieved with the innovative LCD touch screen.

While the touch panels 68 and 92, including non-birefringent covers and front polarizers, substantially reduce the reflection of ambient light, extending the usefulness of LCD touch screens to environments with higher ambient light ( intensity, the touch screens have limited usefulness in outdoor applications. The plastic materials typically used in the manufacture of polarizers for LCDs and touch panels deteriorate when exposed to ultraviolet light. FIG. 8 illustrates a touch screen adapted for outdoor use comprising a capacitive touch panel 152

(indicated by a bracket), an LCD 154 (indicated by a bracket), and a plurality of additional components that can be arranged to provide exemplary touch screens 150 of alternate construction that are suitable for exposure to ultraviolet light and reduce reflection of ambient light. Capacitive touch panels are often used in outdoor applications because the touch panel can be sealed to prevent the entry of moisture or other contaminants. In addition, capacitive touch panels are typically constructed from glass panels that provide durability, resistance to scratches, and ultraviolet light (UV) protection for components underlying the glass panels of the touch panel. The LCD 154 comprises generally, a backlight 156 and a light valve 158

As illustrated in detail for the second polarizer 164 of the light valve 158, polarizers used in LCD construction typically comprise a polymer-based polarizing layer 168 that is sandwiched between a pair of carrier layers 170 and 172 that provide strength and durability to the polarizer. The carrier layer 170 typically comprise a birefringent material such as polyester and the carrier layer 172 is substantially non-birefringent. In alternative constructions of the reflection i resistant touch screen 150, the carrier layers 170 and 172 of the polarizers may comprise a substantially non-birefringent material, such as polycarbonate or triacetate cellulose (i.e., insubstantial x,y birefringence and some birefringence in the z-direction).

The capacitive touch panel 152 comprises a glass substrate 174 with a conductive coating 176 applied to the front surface of the substrate. The conductive patterned surface coating or wire mesh 176 is covered by a protective

The protective coating layer 178 for the touch panel 152 may have a glare diffusing front surface 180. Glare is the result of reflection of light at an exposed surface. The reflection from an untreated polished surface is generally specular as in a reflection from a mirror. Typically, antiglare treatments roughen or coat the surface to create a texture that scatters the incident light and cause the reflection to be distributed over a large cone or diffused. Antiglare or glare diffusing surfaces also provide some protection from finger prints and similar surface contamination that may cause readability problems. Glare diffusing surfaces reduce the intensity of the reflected light that reaches the viewer"s eyes and is particularly effective in indoor applications where ambient light typically originates from several sources. On the other hand, under direct sunlight it may be relatively easy for a viewer 182 to avoid the intense specular reflection from a single source while the somewhat less intense, but diffuse reflection from a glare diffusing surface may be sufficient to cause readability problems.

To reduce the reflection of ambient light that transits the touch screen 152, the panel may also incorporate a polarizer 184 adjacent to the back surface of the touch panel 152. The polarizer 184 is protected from exposure to ultraviolet light by the glass of the touch panel substrate 174. The polarizer 184 comprises a polarizing layer 186 supported by a pair of carrier layers 188 and 190. The carrier layer 188 of the polarizer 184 may comprise either a birefringent material, such as polyester, or a substantially non-birefringent material, such as polycarbonate or triacetate cellulose, while the carrier layer 188 comprises a substantially non- birefringent material. Ambient light transiting the touch panel 152 comprises light vibrating in a plurality of planes. Since the polarizer 184 will only pass light

vibrating in the plane of its optical axis and absorb substantially all of the light vibrating in other planes, a substantial portion of the ambient light transiting the touch panel is absorbed at the polarizer 184. The optical axis of the polarizer 184 is aligned with the optical axis of the second polarizer 164 of the light valve 158 so that the polarized light comprising the image is transmitted through the polarizer 184 to the viewer 82 at the front of the touch screen display 150 with minimum attenuation.

To further reduce reflection of ambient light impinging on the front of the touch screen 152, the touch screen may include one or more anti-reflection panels 192, 194, and 196. A first anti-reflection panel 192 may be interposed between the touch panel 152 and the second polarizer 164 of the light valve. Typically, this anti-reflection panel 192 is adhered to the front surface of the second polarizer 164. A second anti-reflection panel 194 may also be interposed between the light valve 158 and the touch panel 152. The second anti-reflection panel 194 may be proximate to the back side of the glass substrate 174 or the touch panel polarizer 184, if the touch screen is so constructed. The first 192 and second 194 anti-reflection panels may comprise a film of substantially non- birefringent material, such as polycarbonate or triacetate cellulose, coated with an anti-reflection coating and in the case that a polarizer 184 is omitted may also be birefringent material. The anti-reflection coating shifts the relative phase of the light reflected by the upper and lower boundaries of the coating film by 90° so that the reflecting beams destructively interfere and are extinguished. A third anti- reflection panel 196 can be arrayed in front of the touch panel 152 in certain alternate touch screen constructions. The third anti-reflection panel is typically an anti-reflection coating applied to a birefringent film and may have a glare diffusing front surface in some alternate constructions. It is noted that the construction is preferably free from a front polarizer exposed to the air in the front and preferably free from a,polarizer between the viewer and the touch panel elements. In this manner the display is more resistant to environmental conditions, such as ultra- violet light. Alternatively, a polarizer may be included in some locations.

TABLE 1 A tabulates the characteristics of several components that may be used in constructing several alternate reflection resistant touch screens. TABLES 1 B - 1 D tabulate the effects on the specular and diffuse reflection, the luminance,;the reflected light, and the contrast ratio of the touch screen resulting from incorporating components of alternative specification in the touch screen 150. For example, touch screen construction number 1 includes a capacitive touch panel and a second polarizer 164 having a birefringent front carrier layer 170. With no additional reflection reducing components, approximately 284 foot lamberts (fL) of light are reflected comprising specular reflection of 12.6% of the incident ambient light 2000 foot Lambert (fL) and diffuse reflection of approximately 0.4% of the incident 8000 foot candle (fC) ambient light. The touch screen transmits approximately 88% of the image light to the front of the touch screen and has a contrast ratio of 1.70.

To improve the performance of the touch screen in environments with higher levels of ambient lighting a glare diffusing surface treatment is applied to the front surface of the touch panel for alternative touch screen number 2. The glare diffusing surface of alternative touch screen construction number 2 provides a touch screen with an improved contrast ratio resulting from a substantial reduction of specular reflection that is partially offset by a slight increase in diffuse reflection.

Alternate touch screen constructions 3 and 4 include an anti-reflection panel 192, comprising an anti-reflection coated birefringent film, interposed between the light valve 158 and the touch panel 152. The anti-reflection panel 192 reduces the specular reflection of the touch screens relative to screen constructions 1 and 2. An antiglare surface treatment on the front surface of the touch panel of screen number 4, provides additional reduction of the specular reflection with a slight increase in diffuse reflection. Touch screen alternatives 3 and 4 reduce the total reflected light and increase the contrast ratio of the touch screen relative to touch screens 1 and 2. Alternate touch screen constructions 5 and 6 incorporate a second anti-

reflection panel 194 interposed between the light valve 158 and the touch panel 152." Typically, the first anti-reflection panel 192 is associated with the light valve and the second anti-reflection panel 194 is associated with the touch panel 152. The touch screens 5 and 6 further reduce specular reflection relative to touch screens 3 and 4, respectively, providing improved contrast ratios. An antiglare surface on the front of the touch panel is utilized for touch screen number 6 and further reduces specular reflection (at the cost of increased diffuse reflection) for a higher contrast ratio than the construction of screen number 5. Alternate screen construction number 7 incorporates a third anti-reflection panel in front of the front surface of the touch panel. The addition of the third anti- reflection panel substantially reduces the total light reflected by the screen principally by reducing specular reflection. The contrast ratio is improved relative to screen number 5 and can be further improved by the addition of a glare diffusing surface treatment for the front surface of the third anti-reflection panel as indicated by alternate screen construction number 8.

Alternate touch screen construction number 9 includes a polarizer interposed between the light valve 158 and the touch panel 152 and an anti- reflection panel 196 with antiglare surface treatment in front of the touch panel. The combination of components comprising alternate touch screen construction number 9, provides a fairly high contrast ratio but substantially lower transmittance of the displayed image than provided by alternate touch screen constructions 1 - 8.

Alternate touch screen constructions 10 - 25 include a light valve having second polarizer 164 comprising a carrier layer 170 of a substantially non- birefringent material, such as polycarbonate or triacetate cellulose. With no additional reflection reducing components, alternate touch screen construction number 10 provides specular and diffuse reflection and contrast ratio equivalent to screen number 1. Likewise, alternate touch screen construction number 11 which includes an antiglare treatment for the front surface of the touch panel, provides reflection performance and a contrast ratio equivalent to that of touch screen construction number 2.

A first anti-reflection panel 192 comprising a birefringent film coated with an anti-reflection coating is interposed between the light valve 164 and touch panel 152 of touch screen number 10 to produce alternative touch screen construction number 12. The effect of the anti-reflection panel 192 is a reduction in the specular reflection of the touch screen and an improvement in the contrast ratio of the touch screen. A further improvement in the contrast ratio is obtained by applying a glare diffusing surface treatment to the front surface of the touch screen as exemplified by touch screen number 13.

In touch screen numbers 14 and 15 a second anti-reflection panel 194 comprising an anti-reflection coated birefringent film is interposed between the first anti-reflection panel 192 and the