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This project focuses on the basics of animation using arduino and a 16 by 2 lcd. However this project can also be extended to lcds of other dimensions.
First we will start with the wiring of the lcd to the arduino, then with simple printing of a message to the lcd. Then we are going to move on to animation.
If lcd does not light up, check your soldering, wiring(recheck) and if it still does not light up it"s highly probable your lcd is corrupt, so you need to replace it.
After this upload sample code#include
If still nothing happens, do not lose hope, if you have seen the bottom row light up in the first part, it means that your lcd screen is OK. play around with the circuit and the soldering untill it works.
If you see the message "Working", then you have succesfully wired your lcd and finished the second part of this tutorial. Leave your circuit as it is, we will not mess with it anymore, all we have to do now will be in software.
This line declares an lcd object with interface pins as provided in the arguments. Now all your lcd interfacing will be done through this "lcd" object.( note that you can name this anything you want but maintain that name all throughout).
Well, we printed a message to the screen, but it isn"t very attractive to sit staring at that same message, moreover it does not serve any purpose. Thus we will in this section print a message which will scroll from right to left as in the advertisement boards. Only the setup() and loop() functions will differ, thus I"m showing only those functions, rest all remains same.void setup(){lcd.begin(16,2);}void loop(){int n;char message[]="scrolling text!";n=15;char* ptr=message;while(n!=-14){lcd.clear();lcd.setCursor(n,1);if(n<0){ptr++;}lcd.print(ptr);n--;delay(250);}}
Then we set a pointer ptr to hold address of message. This pointer value will be incremented in order to fit the message in the lcd window even after the characters slip out of view to the left. We do this for the left extremity and not for the right as the LiquidCrystal library can handle it for the right extremity(text scrolling out) but cannot handle negative column addresses as is required for our program.
Then we have a while loop which will display the message at various locations left to right thus giving the illusion that the text is moving. Note that the delay() at the end is to make sure that we can read the text and it does not whizz right to left at unreadable speeds. If the animation seems too slow or too fast, you can change th delay value.
For all the uses oflcd.print() function, we cannot display, say a dinosaur, in the lcd screen. However we can do this using a feature of the LiquidCrystal library called Custom Characters.
This is a custom character, which will display a dinosaur in the LCD screen. You can create your own characters here:https://maxpromer.github.io/LCD-Character-Creator/
After this we need to display them. However, these characters cannot be displayed using the normallcd.printmethod; we need to use this:void setup(){lcd.createChar(0,dino);lcd.begin(16,2);lcd.setCursor(0,1);lcd.write(byte(0));}
With this code, we create a custom addressable character out of our arlier defined dino[] byte. Our custom character"s address is given by lcd.createChar() method which defines character 0 as dino[]. We will then refer to this character as byte(0) which returns the address of our custom character, and finally print it on the screen using lcd.Write() method.
This program will finally teach you how to animate using lcd screens, read this carefully.#include
Here we use three custom characters to simulate an arrow. The rest is familiar to you. While running this on your lcd, you may notice a trail behind the arrowtail making it look longer than it is, do not woory, it is only the residue of the earlier arrow position.
That"s it! You have finished your first animation with Arduino and LCDs! Play around with the code, and combine this with button inputs to transform this into a full-fledged game!
This is actually an extension of the eariler arrows animation, thus I"m going to include only the parts which have changed.byte man[] = {B01110,B01110,B00100,B01110,B10101,B00100,B01010,B10001};void setup() {// set up the LCD"s number of columns and rows:lcd.createChar(0,arrowhead);lcd.createChar(1,arrowbody);lcd.createChar(2,arrowtail);lcd.createChar(3,man);lcd.begin(16, 2);attachInterrupt(0,buttonin,CHANGE);randomSeed(analogRead(A0));// Print a message to the LCD.//lcd.print("hello, world!");}int n;void loop() {// set the cursor to column 0, line 1// (note: line 1 is the second row, since counting begins with 0)://lcd.setCursor(0, 1);// print the number of seconds since reset://lcd.print(millis() / 1000);n=15;int rnd;rnd=random(15,25);while(n!=-1){lcd.clear();delay(10);drawman();lcd.setCursor(n,1);if(n==1){if(level==1){stopgame();continue;}}lcd.write(byte(0));lcd.write(byte(1));lcd.write(byte(2));lcd.setCursor(10,0);lcd.print(score);delay(100-rnd);n--;score++;if(level==0)score--;}}void drawman(){lcd.setCursor(1,level);lcd.write(byte(3));}void buttonin(){if(digitalRead(2)==LOW){level=0;}else{level=1;}}void stopgame(){lcd.clear();lcd.setCursor(0,0);lcd.print("Game over");lcd.setCursor(10,0);lcd.print(score);level=1;score=0;n=15;delay(3000);return;}
The LiquidCrystal library makes it easy to use LCDs with Arduino. A particularly interesting function from that library is the createChar() function: you can create custom glyphs (characters), each described by an array of eight bytes, one for each row. The five least significant bits of each byte determine the pixels in that row. Writing bytes by hand to create art is not exactly an artist"s ideal process, so I have made a web tool in which you can draw the glyphs, and the code is generated for you.
In this article I will show how to create custom animations having only just any Arduino board and an LCD - which you can use to create a whole lot of projects: you can make a game, or a short story, or a music video, or decorate a status panel.
Go to the tool at https://tusindfryd.github.io/screenduino/ and create your art. Up to 8 sections can be used at once, so if you cannot select a new square, make sure you"re not using 8 sections already.
When you"re done with your first image, uncheck the box "just the function". Copy the code to clipboard and upload it onto your Arduino. At this point you should see your image on the LCD - pretty neat, right?
Ms.Josey 
Ms.Josey