auo va-type lcd panel pricelist

Many TVs use LCD (Liquid Crystal Display) panels that are lit by LED backlights. There are two popular types of LCD panels: In-Plane Switching (IPS) and Vertical Alignment (VA), and there are two main differences between each type. A VA panel usually has a high contrast ratio and narrow viewing angles. However, an IPS panel has low contrast and wide viewing angles. These are the main differences between each, and for the most part, panel type doesn"t affect other aspects of picture quality, like peak brightness, color gamut, or color accuracy.

For the purposes of this article, we"re going to compare two LED-backlit LCD TVs: the Sony X800H, which has an IPS panel, and the Hisense H9G, which has a VA panel. Due to their different panel types, there are three noticeable differences in picture quality: viewing angles, contrast, and black uniformity, so we"re going to look at each one.

Viewing angle refers to the angle at which you can watch the TV without seeing a noticeable drop in picture quality. IPS TVs are the clear winner here, as the image remains accurate when viewing from the side - you can see the differences in the videos above. This is their main advantage over VA panels. Most VA panel TVs have a noticeable loss in image accuracy when viewing from the side. The narrow viewing angle of VA-type TVs is also problematic when the TV is used as a PC monitor from up close since the edges of the display look washed out.

VA panels are far superior to IPS panels when it comes to this, so if you tend to watch movies in the dark, you likely want to get a TV with a VA panel. Most TVs use VA panels due to this main advantage, and high-end models may have a local dimming feature that further enhances black levels. On the other hand, IPS panels normally have low contrast, so blacks look closer to gray, but you may not notice the difference in contrast in bright environments.

Our black uniformity tests determine how well a TV displays a dark scene with a bright image in the center. Ideally, you want to see a completely black screen with the center cross being the only part that"s lit up, and this is important for people watching movies. No LED TV has perfect uniformity, and unlike viewing angles and contrast, the panel type doesn"t completely determine its black uniformity. However, most VA panels that we"ve tested have good black uniformity, while most IPS panels have sub-par black uniformity. This doesn"t mean that every VA panel TV has good uniformity, as this can change between units, and you can also improve uniformity using the local dimming feature.

LCDs function by having liquid crystals in little groups to form the pixels. These crystals react and change position when charged with electricity and, depending on their position, they allow a certain color of light to pass through.

There"s also another type of IPS panel, called Plane-to-Line Switching (PLS), which can be seen with the Sony X800H. This panel type was designed by Samsung and technically performs the same as an IPS panel. When you compare the pixels visually, IPS panels look like chevrons, VA looks like very straight rectangles, and PLS looks like round-edged capsules. You can learn more about pixels here.

The way the pixels are laid out can also affect text clarity. Many IPS panels, like the ones on the Sony X800H or the LG SK9000, use RGB sub-pixel layouts, while many VA panels have a BGR layout, like on the Hisense H9G. The sub-pixel layout doesn"t directly affect picture quality unless you"re using it as a PC monitor. Some applications may expect an RGB layout, so if you have a BGR sub-pixel layout, text may not look clear. You may need to increase the text scaling to read it properly, but this issue isn"t common with an RGB layout. You can learn more about it here.

Unlike LED TVs, OLEDs don"t use a backlight and instead have self-emitting pixels. This allows the pixels to individually turn on and off, resulting in perfect blacks. This means that they also have perfect black uniformity as there"s no blooming around bright objects like on some LED TVs. They also have wide viewing angles, sometimes even wider than some IPS panels, so OLEDs are a good choice for wide seating arrangements.

Samsung released quantum dot TVs in 2015, which they later labeled as QLED in 2017. These TVs include a quantum dot layer between the LED backlights and the LCD panel to achieve a wider color gamut. Other companies like Vizio and TCL also use this quantum dot technology on their TVs. Adding this extra quantum dot layer doesn"t change the characteristics of the panel type; the VA panel on the TCL 6 Series/S635 2020 QLED still has a high contrast ratio and narrow viewing angles. Although most QLED TVs use VA panels, you can easily use an IPS panel as well.

Manufacturers have tried different techniques to improve the viewing angles on VA panels over the years, aiming to produce a perfect LCD panel with both wide viewing angles and high contrast. While they have yet to achieve that goal, a few TVs have hit the market that try to combine the best of both panel types. The first TVs with this viewing angle technology came out in 2018, and only a few high-end models like the Samsung Q90/Q90T QLED and the Sony X950H had this technology in 2020. These TVs are a bit unique, delivering noticeably better viewing angles than their pure VA counterparts, but still worse than true IPS panels. This comes at the expense of a lower contrast ratio, as these TVs have worse native contrast than most VA panels, but they"re still better than IPS panels. Combined with their local dimming features, they still produce deep blacks.

Between IPS and VA panels, neither technology is inherently superior to the other as they both serve different purposes. In general, IPS TVs have wide viewing angles suitable for when you want to watch the big game or your favorite show in a large seating arrangement. They"re also beneficial for use as a PC monitor since the edges remain accurate if you sit up close. However, VA panels are a better choice for watching content in dark rooms, as their improved contrast allows them to display deep blacks. Choosing between the two is a series of trade-offs and qualities, so choosing the best TV for your needs depends on your usage.

We have some updates from AU Optronics about their panel development plans which is always interesting to see. This is AUO as a panel manufacturer, as opposed to any specific monitor/display manufacturer, but it gives an indication of where monitors are likely to go in the future by looking ahead at the panel production plans. AUO make a large portion of the IPS-type panels (their ‘AHVA’ technology) in the market which is always of interest along with a range of interesting TN Film options. Please keep in mind that the production dates are not set in stone and may change, and there is then also a lag of several months before a panel is produced, then used in a display and launched to market. We will update our panel parts database with all the new information we have as well as best we can.

If you missed it, our last update from AUO was July 2021 and worth a read back. Here are the highlights from this new update. We also have updates coming soon for BOE so stay tuned for that, and have recently published updates from LG.Display here.

In our last update in July 2021 there’s wasn’t very much information listed for this new panel, but we knew AUO were developing new 24.5″ sized TN Film panel with a 360Hz native refresh rate. So far the only 360Hz panels released to market have been by AUO with their IPS-type technology, as featured in screens like the Asus ROG Swift PG259QN we tested back in Sept 2020. Some gamers still prefer TN Film panels for additional snappiness and for competitive gaming so it will be interesting to see what AUO can manage in this sector too.

We have some more details now with the panel part being the M250HTN01.J, and spec wise we know it has a 1920 x 1080 resolution, 3ms G2G response time, 1000:1 contrast ratio, 400 nit brightness and standard 72% NTSC (sRGB basically) colour gamut. The panel should have gone in to mass production now in June 2022. We may see some screens announced based on this 360Hz TN Film panel at some point soon.

If 360Hz isn’t enough for you, then we first saw a sneak peak of this even higher refresh rate panel from AUO in early May, where as part of a video promoting their new AmLED backlight technology (discussed more below) they also mentioned briefly a new 480Hz TN Film panel. We had very little information but soon after Asus announced their new ROG Swift display which was based on this panel and offered a 500Hz refresh rate.

Actually, looking at the latest AUO roadmap it seems there are aspirations to offer this panel at 540Hz, or at least that is mentioned within the specs!

Perhaps AUO are still locking down just how fast this panel will be, and it will be linked to how fast response times can reach as well to make the super-high refresh rate viable. We do know now that the panel part will be the M241HTN01.0 and will offer a 24.1″ screen size and 1920 x 1080 Full HD resolution. The response time spec from AUO is listed as “<3ms G2G” and also “2ms on/off”, and this will need to reach reliably under 2ms across the transitions to make 500Hz viable, or <1.85ms if they want to push to 540Hz. Time will tell if this is possible from their new panel. It is TN Film though which holds some promise.

In other specs interestingly AUO list HDR 1000 support meaning a peak brightness for HDR of at least 1000 nits. It also has a 96-zone AmLED backlight. That’s an unexpected but pleasant surprise. More information about AmLED and their other panels using this backlight tech below. This is a decent number of zones (not amazing, but decent) and will offer a high peak brightness capability as well. We don’t know if perhaps there will be other iterations of this panel so we can’t be certain at this stage whether announced models like the Asus ROG Swift 500Hz will offer this but it seems likely. At the moment we have very few specs for the Asus monitor. There is also a wide colour gamut with 95% DCI-P3 listed.

Panel production is scheduled for Q1 2023 so that probably means we won’t see any monitors using this panel until middle of next year sadly. In the mean time there’s the 360Hz TN Film panel discussed above which is being produced sooner.

One of the flagship offerings from AUO will be their new M270DAN10.0 panel. This is 27″ in size and combines a 2560 x 1440 resolution with a 360Hz refresh rate! It feels like we’ve only recently started to see 1440p 240Hz screens released, including for instance the Nixeus NX-EDG27240X that we’ve recently reviewed. It will be interesting to see these 360Hz options appear, and they could be sooner that you might think! Panel production is scheduled for July 2022 at the moment for this option.

Interestingly there are also a couple of versions planned with a 576-zone AmLED backlight for improved local dimming, HDR experience and peak brightness – more on that in the AmLED section below. The M270DAN10.2 andM270DAN10.3 panels will feature 1440p at 360Hz again but are not expected to go in to production until at least Q4 2022 (TBC). So these AmLED backlit versions will certainly be further out than the normal edge-lit panel.

Continuing the theme of high refresh rate panels, AUO are also planning to produce later on a 32″ sized IPS panel with a 3840 x 2160 4K resolution and a 240Hz refresh rate! This could be extremely interesting, although you’re going to need a beast of a system to power something like that. In other specs AUO list a 3ms G2G response time, 400/600 brightness, 95% DCI-P3 colour gamut and a 3-side borderless design.

You’ve got some time to start saving, or updating your PC though; this panel (M320QAN03.0) isn’t due to go in to mass production until Q3 2023 at the moment, so a long way away.

AUO are developing a range of panels with their new “AmLED” backlight technology, an update to the FALD and Mini LED backlight units you might find today on some higher end displays. There is a focus on improving the number of dimming zones which should in turn help improve HDR experience, with talk about increasing to 2000+ and even 4000+ zones.

AUO explain in some previous press material that: “AUO’s AmLED display technology, thanks to the enhanced mini LED backlight design, has achieved revolutionary performance in gaming displays. With adaptive local dimming technique, brightness, contrast ratio, colors, refresh rate and power consumption can be precisely adjusted in real time based on the images, environment, as well as users’ needs, therefore providing lifelike gaming visuals and immersive experience to meet gamers’ and content creators’ stringent demand for image quality and smooth operations.”

You can see they are promoting the high peak brightness (1400 – 2000 nits being mentioned), longer life expectancy at higher brightness levels and potential for higher frame rates (at the moment at least) in this above graphic. Keep in mind this is AUO’s marketing view of the world.

AmLED basically boils down the screen having a Mini LED backlight that has been finely tuned by AUO to allow it to work properly in gaming situations and with variable refresh rates. Optimising the backlight dimming and control to ensure, as they put it “utmost brightness and contrast”. It’s been apparently made for content creators and e-sports pros, which feels like two pretty separate target markets.

AU Optronics later added a video explaining AmLED in more detail which we’ve embedded below. Within this video AUO are also keen to promote the performance of the Mini LED backlight in various areas, although of course keep in mind this is their marketing video.

They talk about how under higher ambient lighting conditions the technology can deliver 3x higher “ambient contrast ratio” (ACR) than an OLED display which don’t perform as well in bright room conditions. AUO are also promoting the fact that AmLED displays don’t show the same brightness degradation and burn in risks of OLED in their promotional video. They have also focused on blue light reduction by shifting the blue light wavelength to the 460 nm range, something that Eyesafe promote and talk about on their website.

32″ 4K with 160Hz and 576 zones – We had a bit of information about the M320QAN02.8 in our last update, originally expected to go in to production in Q3 2021 but slipped a bit to May 2022. This should now be in production we believe. This is a 32″ sized IPS panel with 3840 x 2160 4K resolution, 160Hz refresh rate, 1000 nit peak brightness, 98% DCI-P3 / 99% Adobe RGB colour gamut (thanks to Quantum Dot coating) and a 3-side borderless design. It has 576 dimming zones.

32″ 4K panel with 2304 zones (60Hz only) – a lower refresh rate option is planned but with a significantly higher number of dimming zones. The M320QAN02.A has 2304 dimming zones and will offer a 12ms response time, 99% Adobe RGB gamut (QD) and HDR 1400 support. It’s scheduled for October 2022 production at the moment. This was originally listed in our last July 2021 roadmap as featuring a 160Hz refresh rate and lower HDR 1000 level for an August 2021 development, but it looks like the spec has been updated while production has been delayed (now 60Hz but with HDR 1400).

27″ 1440p panels with 360Hz and 576 zones – we mentioned these above when discussing the 1440p 360Hz panels. The M270DAN10.2 andM270DAN10.3 offer a 3ms response time along with HDR 1000 support and use 576 dimming zones. The 10.2 panel has a 99% Adobe RGB colour gamut listed while the 10.3 panel has a 95% DCI-P3 gamut listed. Both are pencilled in for Q4 2022 production but this is to be confirmed and only currently planned.

27″ 4K panel with 160Hz and 576 zones – The M270QAN07.5is currently in planning for a possible Q4 2022 production. It will offer a 5ms response time, 99% Adobe RGB gamut (Quantum Dot) and HDR 1000 support. This one has 576 dimming zones.

This one deserved a section of its own, but falls in to the AmLED category discussed above. A new panel, the M320MAN01.0 is planned for production from Q2 2023 which will be 32″ in size and offer a very high 8K resolution (7680×4320). This will be combined with a new AmLED backlight with an impressive 4608 dimming zones. It’s a 60Hz only panel before any gamers get too excited, but will offer 99% Adobe RGB / 99% DCI-P3 colour gamut and HDR 1000 support. Expected monitors using this to be very expensive and aimed at the professional market as and when they are announced.

Another model in the AmLED line-up deserving of a separate mention is the M340QVR01.7. This is a 34″ ultrawide panel with a 1000R curvature and 3440 x 1440 resolution. It has a 165Hz native refresh rate and 200Hz overclock support. This model has a 576-zone AmLED backlight, HDR 1000 support and a 90% DCI-P3 colour gamut. Production is scheduled for July 2022.

M315QRV02.6 that has 1000R curvature and 144Hz and should be in mass production starting June 2022. A 165Hz update of this panel is also being planned but with no firm dates yet

There are also a quite a few other high refresh rate Curved VA panels of note. The focus from AUO here seems to be with a range of curvature options, including a steep 1000R to match recent Samsung VA panel developments. New planned 240Hz VA panels look particularly interesting, if response times are sufficient to keep up. Samsung have done a great job enhancing their response times on recently tested 240Hz VA panels from their range, finally clearing up the dreaded black smearing and making panels that can actually keep up with the frame rate (e.g. Samsung Odyssey G7screens). Let’s hope AUO can do the same with their new 240Hz options.

A couple of new very large format panels have appeared on the latest update. The M490AVR01.0and M490AVR2.0panels are 49″ in size and offer a 5120 x 1440 resolution. The 1.0 panel has a 1800R curvature and a 120Hz refresh rate and is expected to go in to production in September 2022. The 2.0 version will be curved but the actual curvature is still TBC, but this panel will offer a higher 240Hz refresh rate. This is still in planning phase at the moment but with a tentative date of Q2 2023 listed.

Another newly announced panel from last time that looked interesting was the M315QVN02.0. This is flat format 31.5″ sized panel, and offers a 3840 x 2160 “4K” resolution combined with a 144Hz refresh rate. This is a VA technology panel though, unlike the wide range of IPS technology panels already announced from various manufacturers in this kind of size range (31.5 – 32″). So this is one of the first ~32″ sized panels with 4K @144Hz but with VA technology being used. Other specs listed include HDR 600 support and a 90% DCI-P3 colour gamut. Production appears to have slipped from July 2021 to April 2022 on the timelines listed, but should now already be under way.

The 34″ size is not one that AUO has previously invested in, having concentrated their efforts in the 35″ space, and leaving 34″ to Samsung (VA) and LG.Display (IPS) until now. AUO now have several new panels in production which are 34″ in size, offering a 21:9 ultrawide aspect ratio and a 3440 x 1440 resolution. There are 3 panel variants listed:

M340QVR01.7– 165Hz refresh rate (with 200Hz overclock support) and 1000R curvature, discussed above already as this is the panel with a 576-zone AmLED backlight, HDR 1000 and 90% DCI-P3 colour gamut. This one is planned for July 2022 production

Also discussed in the latest AUO roadmap are some new “commercial” products which seem to be IPS-type panels (AHVA technology) with an increased and improved contrast ratio of 2000:1. This could be a rival to LG.Display’s “IPS Black” perhaps, although not much information is provided at this stage on the technology behind the improved contrast ratio. There are two 27″ sized panels listed:

We have some updates from AU Optronics about their panel development plans which is always interesting to see. Our last update was Oct 2020. This is AUO as a panel manufacturer, as opposed to any specific monitor/display manufacturer, but it gives an indication of where monitors are likely to go in the future by looking ahead at the panel production plans. AUO make a large portion of the IPS-type panels (their ‘AHVA’ technology) in the market which is always of interest along with a range of interesting TN Film options. Please keep in mind that the production dates are not set in stone and may change, and there is then also a lag of several months before a panel is produced, then used in a display and launched to market. We will update our panel parts database with all the new information we have as well as best we can.

AU Optronics plan to push this in the coming years, with listings now of 1080p @ 480Hz, 1440p @ 360Hz and UHD (4K) @ 240Hz!The 1440p 360Hz option looks like it will be the first to go in to production sometime in 2021, with the others planned for 2022 sometime. No details on panel sized or other specs at the moment, only that these are the plans to drive refresh rates.

An interesting new addition in our last update was the M315QVR02.0. This is 31.5″ in size and is a VA technology panel with a steep 1000R curvature. It offers a 3840 x 2160 (“4K”) resolution along with a 144Hz refresh rate. Production was not planned until Q2 2021 at the time although this seems to have been brought forward slightly and should now be in production and expected to be available around Q3 2021.

While not listed last time for some reason, an alternative panel had the same specs but a less steep 1500R curvature instead. This has now re-appeared and again should be in production and expected to be available around Q3 2021.

There are also a quite a few other high refresh rate Curved VA panels of note. The focus from AUO here seems to be with a range of curvature options, including a steep 1000R to match recent Samsung VA panel developments. New planned 240Hz VA panels look particularly interesting, if response times are sufficient to keep up. Samsung have done a great job enhancing their response times on recently tested 240Hz VA panels from their range, finally clearing up the dreaded black smearing and making panels that can actually keep up with the frame rate (e.g. Samsung Odyssey G7screens). Let’s hope AUO can do the same with their new 240Hz options.

No sooner have these screens started to finally appear, do we have news from AUO that they are looking to boost that refresh rate a little up to 160Hz in the next generation of these 4K panels. These are still in planning phase with a tentative Q3/Q4 2021 date listed for now, but we’d expect this to slip a bit.

AUO have various panels planned with FALD backlights and Mini LED backlights (even more zones) for excellent HDR performance on an LCD panel. Some also have high refresh rates included:

M320QAN02.7– 32″ in size with a 576 zone LED backlight (AUO refer to this as Mini LED, although it’s a bit more like FALD options we’ve seen to date given the more limited number of zones). This panel has a 3840 x 2160 resolution, 60Hz refresh rate only, wide gamut with 99% Adobe RGB coverage, 8-bit colour depth, 600 cd/m2 brightness, 1000 cd/m2 peak brightness for HDR 1000. Originally expected to go in to production in Dec 2020 which slipped a bit but should be in production now since May 2021.

An additional 32″ sized panel with a 576 zone LED backlight is also now listed (M320QAN02.8) but this time with an expected 160Hz refresh rate. Again with 99% Adobe RGB gamut and HDR 1000 support. This one is in planning phase only, but listed for now at Q3 2021.

Another similar panel (M320QAN02.9) is listed with the same 4K at 160Hz specs but an HDR 600 capability only (but still with a 576 zone Mini LED backlight). This one is again in planning phase and penciled in for Q3 2021 at the moment.

Most exciting perhaps is a new 32″ panel (M320QAN02.A) that is currently in development with a 2304 zone Mini LED backlight and high 160Hz refresh rate. This is listed with 99% Adobe RGB gamut and HDR 1000 support again, and expected to be in production around August 2021.

M270QAN02.6 – 27″ in size with a 576 zone LED backlight. This panel has a 3840 x 2160 resolution, high 144Hz refresh rate, wide gamut with 99% Adobe RGB coverage, 8-bit colour depth, 600 cd/m2 brightness, 1000 cd/m2 peak brightness for HDR. Originally expected to go in to production in Dec 2020 but now listed for Q3 2021.

There’s not very much information listed for this at the moment, but AUO are also developing now a 24.5″ sized TN Film panel with a 360Hz native refresh rate. So far the only 360Hz panels released to market have been by AUO with their IPS-type technology, as featured in screens like the Asus ROG Swift PG259QN we tested last Sept 2020. Some gamers still prefer TN Film panels for additional snappiness and for competitive gaming so it will be interesting to see what AUO can manage in this sector too.

Another newly announced panel that looks interesting is the M315QVN02.0. This is flat format 31.5″ sized panel, and offers a 3840 x 2160 “4K” resolution combined with a 144Hz refresh rate. This is a VA technology panel though, unlike the wide range of IPS technology panels already announced from various manufacturers in this kind of size range (31.5 – 32″). So this is one of the first ~32″ sized panels with 4K @144Hz but with VA technology being used. Other specs listed include HDR 600 support and a 90% DCI-P3 colour gamut. It’s expected to be available quite soon actually with production supposedly under way since July 2021.

The 34″ size is not one that AUO has previously invested in, having concentrated their efforts in the 35″ space, and leaving 34″ to Samsung (VA) and LG.Display (IPS) until now. AUO now have several new panels in production which are 34″ in size, offering a 21:9 ultrawide aspect ratio and a 3440 x 1440 resolution. There are 4 panel variants planned:

The other two have a steeper 1000R curvature to rival what Samsung are doing at the moment with their VA panels. Again there is a 100Hz version (M340QVR01.5) and a 165Hz version (M340QVR01.6). Both slipped back from Jan/Feb 2021 slightly to March 2021 but should now be in production.

LG Electronics is exhibiting its latest lineup of premium UltraGear OLED gaming monitors - LG 27GR95QE and LG 45GR95QE - at CES 2023. Equipped with the world"s first 240Hz OLED panel, which is exclusively manufactured by LG, the new 27- and 45-inch models deliver a record-breaking GTG response time of fewer than 0.03 ms, not to mention superior self-lit picture quality complete with accurate, lifelike colors and...

A number of 2023 LG TVs from its OLED, QNED, and LCD series have bagged certification from the NRRA in Korea. For starters, there are two models from the 2023 LG G3 OLED series: LG OLED77G3 LG OLED55G3 It is complemented by four models from the 2023 LG C3 OLED series: LG OLED77C3 LG OLED55C3 LG OLED48C3 LG OLED42C3 The 2023 LG OLED models are also complemented by two models from the LG B3 and one model from the LG...

Samsung Electronics" first OLED gaming monitor Samsung Odyssey OLED G8, which attracted attention from all over the world, appeared for the first time at G-Star 2022. The Samsung Odyssey OLED G8 uses an OLED panel with quantum dot technology to show off the highest level of graphic quality that can be realized with an OLED panel. With specialized OLED technology, it supports a 175Hz refresh rate close to real-time...

The LG 27GR95QE UltraGear gaming monitor is a new offering by the brand that most probably features LG"s own WOLED 26.5" display panel - LW270AHQ. The 27-inch OLED gaming monitors by LG presented so far, feature JOLED"s solution. LG will start the production of 27-inch (26.5) and 32-inch (31.5) by the end of this year and a 42-inch WOLED display panel will enter production at a later stage. The upcoming LG 45GR95QE...

Because OLED TVs are newer and generally more expensive, the average buyer is looking at LED/LCD TVs right now. And although there are several features and specifications to consider while shopping—the brand name, HDR compatibility, and refresh rate, just to name a few—there’s one important hardware spec that isn’t widely advertised: LCD panel type.

LED/LCD TVs are so called because of the two things that make up their displays: an LED (Light Emitting Diode) backlight and an LCD (Liquid Crystal Display) panel for that backlight to shine through. LED backlights vary between a variety of implementations, but modern LCDs generally come in one of two panel technologies: IPS (In-Plane Switching) and VA (Vertical Alignment).

Unlike other hardware specifications (which are usually listed on the side of a TV box or on the manufacturer’s website), information about a TV’s LCD panel type is a bit more inside baseball. But panel type has a far greater impact on a TV’s performance than you might expect—it affects contrast, color, and viewing angle as well.

Individual pixels in an LCD display are made up of liquid crystals activated by voltage. How the display arranges its crystals is part of what sets IPS panels apart from VA panels.

IPS (In-Plane Switching) panels are a common display type for both the best computer monitors and TVs. Without getting too far down the rabbit hole, let’s talk a little about how IPS panels distinguish themselves from other types.

Every non-OLED TV on the market today is an LCD TV powered by LED lighting. Individual pixels in an LCD display are made up of liquid crystals activated by voltage—this is what produces color. An IPS panel aligns its crystals horizontally, parallel to the glass substrate.

IPS technology was developed in part to improve the color and wide viewing angle performance of a display. There"s also a range of variations under the IPS umbrella, including ADS, S-IPS, H-IPS, e-IPS, P-IPS, and PLS (Plane-to-Line Switching). But, while they all differ marginally from one another in operation, their core functionality (as compared to VA panels) is the same.

VA (Vertical Alignment) panels represent another common display type, used for both computer monitors and TVs, but especially for the latter where they greatly outnumber their IPS counterparts. Most LED/LCD TVs you"ll find on the market use a VA panel. While IPS panels align their liquid crystals horizontally, VA panels align them—you guessed it—vertically. They run perpendicular to the glass substrate rather than parallel to it. When met with voltage, the crystals tilt, letting light through and producing color.

This positioning changes how the liquid crystals behave. Without any voltage, the liquid crystals in a VA panel do not tilt, which is a better outcome if your goal is to block light and create image depth. Like with IPS, VA panels also come in a few varieties: PVA, S-PVA, and MVA, though again, their core functionality (as compared to IPS panels) is the same.

TN (Twisted Nematic) is an older LCD display type. They"re still relatively common display types for computer monitors—thanks to their lightning fast response times and excellent handling of motion blur. TN panels aren"t typically used in TV production anymore, though.

The cornerstone of picture quality, contrast ratio refers to the range between a display’s darkest black levels and brightest highlights. Because VA-style panels excel at producing deep, dark black levels, this is arguably their biggest strength. VA panels almost always feature deeper black levels than their IPS counterparts, and this goes a long way in creating a detail-rich picture. An IPS panel can mitigate this by serving up an exceptionally bright image to offset relatively shallow black levels.

A TV’s total viewing angle describes how much a viewer can move away from an ideal, head-on viewing position before the contrast and color of the picture begins to deteriorate. Due to the positioning of their liquid crystals, IPS panels excel in this department; they typically offer significantly more viewing flexibility than TVs with VA-style panels. In other words, IPS panels are more reliable for group viewings (or any situation where a viewer might need to sit at an off-angle).

While impressive color production is possible on both display types, IPS panels tend to offer wider colors, given the nature of their hardware. While a wider range of colors tends to spell better color accuracy, the advent of additional TV technologies like quantum-dot color have evened the playing field considerably. In other words, you’re far more likely to notice the benefits of an IPS TV’s wider viewing angle than you are to notice its tendency for wider color.

Here’s the final takeaway: IPS panels are significantly better than VA panels when it comes to viewing angle and somewhat better than VA panels when it comes to color. VA panels, however, almost always offer deeper black levels and better overall contrast. And because they block light better, TVs and monitors using VA panels tend to have better backlight uniformity regardless of LED backlight type.

Unfortunately, not only is it rare to find a TV’s panel type listed on a manufacturer’s website, but it’s increasingly rare for a brand to reveal a TV’s panel type at all—even when we contact brands directly for information. The reason for this caginess has everything to do with marketing; it’s better to keep shoppers focused on the bells, whistles, and impressive performance specs of a TV rather than its potential shortcomings.

Fortunately, it’s relatively easy to determine panel type if you have the proper equipment and you know what to look for. Certain test results and viewing characteristics act as tell-tale signs. This is why my colleagues and I make a point of discussing panel type in just about every TV review we publish, and why you should make a point of reading reviews before making a purchase.

Panel type is not the end-all-be-all for LED/LCD TVs. Many other factors, most of them related to the style and intensity of the LED backlight, can have a major impact on factors like contrast, viewing angle, and color intensity. Ultimately, you need to see a TV in person (and ideally in the space it’s going to live in) to get the best idea of how well it creates an image. But by knowing the core differences of IPS vs VA LCD panels, you can at least make some good guesses before you buy.

Unlike the best gaming monitors, IPS and VA TV panels are on an even playing field. TVs with both technologies are capable of high refresh rates of 120Hz, or occasionally 240Hz (although it usually comes at a premium).

If you’re buying a large screen and intend to host movie nights with friends and family, a TV with an IPS-style panel is far more accommodating thanks to its superior viewing angle. Just be aware that certain content—particularly dark content—won’t pop as much on account of the panel’s shallower black levels.

On the other hand, if you want the best possible picture overall, we recommend investing in a TV with a VA-style panel. They’re not always ideal candidates for group viewings, but the vast majority of the best non-OLED TVs you can buy feature this display type.

So, why is this important? A monitor’s panel technology is important because it affects what the monitor can do and for which uses it is best suited. Each of the monitor panel types listed above offer their own distinctive benefits and drawbacks.

Choosing which type of monitor panel type to buy will depend largely on your intended usage and personal preference. After all, gamers, graphic designers, and office workers all have different requirements. Specific types of displays are best suited for different usage scenarios.

The reason for this is because none of the different monitor panel types as they are today can be classified as “outstanding” for all of the attributes mentioned above.

Below we’ll take a look at how IPS, TN, and VA monitors affect screen performance and do some handy summaries of strengths, weaknesses, and best-case uses for each type of panel technology.

IPS monitors or “In-Plane Switching” monitors, leverage liquid crystals aligned in parallel to produce rich colors. IPS panels are defined by the shifting patterns of their liquid crystals. These monitors were designed to overcome the limitations of TN panels. The liquid crystal’s ability to shift horizontally creates better viewing angles.

IPS monitor variations include S-IPS, H-IPS, e-IPS and P-IPS, and PLS (Plane-to-Line Switching), the latter being the latest iteration. Since these variations are all quite similar, they are all collectively referred to as “IPS-type” panels. They all claim to deliver the major benefits associated with IPS monitors – great color and ultra-wide viewing angles.

With regard to gaming, some criticisms IPS monitors include more visible motion blur coming as a result of slower response times, however the impact of motion blur will vary from user to user. In fact, mixed opinions about the “drawbacks” of IPS monitor for gaming can be found all across the web. Take this excerpt from one gaming technology writer for example: “As for pixel response, opinions vary. I personally think IPS panels are quick enough for almost all gaming. If your gaming life is absolutely and exclusively about hair-trigger shooters, OK, you’ll want the fastest response, lowest latency LCD monitor. And that means TN. For the rest of us, and certainly for those who place even a modicum of importance on the visual spectacle of games, I reckon IPS is clearly the best panel technology.” Read the full article here.

IPS monitors deliver ultra-wide 178-degree vertical and horizontal viewing angles. Graphic designers, CAD engineers, pro photographers, and video editors will benefit from using an IPS monitor. Many value the color benefits of IPS monitors and tech advances have improved IPS panel speed, contrast, and resolution. IPS monitors are more attractive than ever for general desktop work as well as many types of gaming. They’re even versatile enough to be used in different monitor styles, so if you’ve ever compared an ultrawide vs. dual monitor setup or considered the benefits of curved vs. flat monitors, chances are you’ve already come into contact with an IPS panel.

TN monitors, or “Twisted Nematic” monitors, are the oldest LCD panel types around. TN panels cost less than their IPS and VA counterparts and are a popular mainstream display technology for desktop and laptop displays.

Despite their lower perceived value, TN-based displays are the panel type preferred by competitive gamers. The reason for this is because TN panels can achieve a rapid response time and the fastest refresh rates on the market (like this 240Hz eSports monitor). To this effect, TN monitors are able to reduce blurring and screen tearing in fast-paced games when compared to an IPS or VA panel.

On the flip side, however, TN panel technology tends to be ill-suited for applications that benefit from wider viewing angles, higher contrast ratios, and better color accuracy. That being said, LED technology has helped shift the perspective and today’s LED-backlit TN models offer higher brightness along with better blacks and higher contrast ratios.

The greatest constraint of TN panel technology, however, is a narrower viewing angle as TN monitors experience more color shifting than other types of panels when being viewed at an angle.

Today’s maximum possible viewing angles are 178 degrees both horizontally and vertically (178º/178º), yet TN panels are limited to viewing angles of approximately 170 degrees horizontal and 160 degrees vertical (170º /160º).

TN monitors are the least expensive panel technology, making them ideal for cost-conscious businesses and consumers. In addition, TN monitors enjoy unmatched popularity with competitive gamers and other users who seek rapid graphics display.

Vertical alignment (VA) panel technology was developed to improve upon the drawbacks of TN. Current VA-based monitors offer muchhigher contrast, better color reproduction, and wider viewing angles than TN panels. Variations you may see include P-MVA, S-MVA, and AMVA (Advanced MVA).

These high-end VA-type monitors rival IPS monitors as the best panel technology for professional-level color-critical applications. One of the standout features of VA technology is that it is particularly good at blocking light from the backlight when it’s not needed. This enables VA panels to display deeper blacks and static contrast ratios of up to several times higher than the other LCD technologies. The benefit of this is that VA monitors with high contrast ratios can deliver intense blacks and richer colors.

MVA and other recent VA technologies offer the highest static contrast ratios of any panel technology. This allows for an outstanding visual experience for movie enthusiasts and other users seeking depth of detail. Higher-end, feature-rich MVA displays offer the consistent, authentic color representation needed by graphic designers and other pro users.

There is another type of panel technology that differs from the monitor types discussed above and that is OLED or “Organic Light Emitting Diode” technology. OLEDs differ from LCDs because they use positively/negatively charged ions to light up every pixel individually, while LCDs use a backlight, which can create an unwanted glow. OLEDs avoid screen glow (and create darker blacks) by not using a backlight. One of the drawbacks of OLED technology is that it is usually pricier than any of the other types of technology explained.

When it comes to choosing the right LCD panel technology, there is no single right answer. Each of the three primary technologies offers distinct strengths and weaknesses. Looking at different features and specs helps you identify which monitor best fits your needs.

LCD or “Liquid Crystal Display” is a type of monitor panel that embraces thin layers of liquid crystals sandwiched between two layers of filters and electrodes.

While CRT monitors used to fire electrons against glass surfaces, LCD monitors operate using backlights and liquid crystals. The LCD panel is a flat sheet of material that contains layers of filters, glass, electrodes, liquid crystals, and a backlight. Polarized light (meaning only half of it shines through) is directed towards a rectangular grid of liquid crystals and beamed through.

Note: When searching for monitors you can be sure to come across the term “LED Panel” at some point or another. An LED panel is an LCD screen with an LED – (Light Emitting Diode) – backlight. LEDs provide a brighter light source while using much less energy. They also have the ability to produce white color, in addition to traditional RGB color, and are the panel type used in HDR monitors.

Early LCD panels used passive-matrix technology and were criticized for blurry imagery. The reason for this is because quick image changes require liquid crystals to change phase quickly and passive matrix technology was limited in terms of how quickly liquid crystals could change phase.

Thanks to active-matrix technology, LCD monitor panels were able to change images very quickly and the technology began being used by newer LCD panels.

Ultimately, budget and feature preferences will determine the best fit for each user. Among the available monitors of each panel type there will also be a range of price points and feature sets. Additionally, overall quality may vary among manufacturers due to factors related to a display’s components, manufacturing, and design.

Alternatively, if you’re into gaming and are in the market for TN panel these gaming monitor options may be along the lines of what you’re looking for.

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