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As a TFT LCD manufacturer, we import mother glass from brands including BOE, INNOLUX, and HANSTAR, Century etc., then cut into small size in house, to assemble with in house produced LCD backlight by semi-automatic and fully-automatic equipment. Those processes contain COF(chip-on-glass), FOG(Flex on Glass) assembling, Backlight design and production, FPC design and production. So our experienced engineers have ability to custom the characters of the TFT LCD screen according to customer demands, LCD panel shape also can custom if you can pay glass mask fee, we can custom high brightness TFT LCD, Flex cable, Interface, with touch and control board are all available.

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As a TFT LCD manufacturer, we import mother glass from brands including BOE, INNOLUX, and HANSTAR, Century etc., then cut into small size in house, to assemble with in house produced LCD backlight by semi-automatic and fully-automatic equipment. Those processes contain COF(chip-on-glass), FOG(Flex on Glass) assembling, Backlight design and production, FPC design and production. So our experienced engineers have ability to custom the characters of the TFT LCD screen according to customer demands, LCD panel shape also can custom if you can pay glass mask fee, we can custom high brightness TFT LCD, Flex cable, Interface, with touch and control board are all available.

TFT (Thin Film Transistor) LCD (Liquid Crystal Display) dominates the world flat panel display market now. Thanks for its low cost, sharp colors, acceptable view angles, low power consumption, manufacturing friendly design, slim physical structure etc., it has driven CRT(Cathode-Ray Tube) VFD ( Vacuum Fluorescent Display) out of market, squeezed LED (Light Emitting Diode) displays only to large size display area. TFT LCD displays find wide applications in TV, computer monitors, medical, appliance, automotive, kiosk, POS terminals, low end mobile phones, marine, aerospace, industrial meters, smart homes, handheld devices, video game systems, projectors, consumer electronic products, advertisement etc. For more information about TFT displays, please visit our knowledge base.

What we are talking about TFT LCD, it is a LCD that uses TFT technology to improve image qualities such as addressability and contrast. A TFT LCD is an active matrix LCD, in contrast to passive matrix LCDs or simple, direct-driven LCDs with a few segments without TFT in each pixel.

The TN type TFT LCD display is one of the oldest and lowest cost type of LCD display technology. TN TFT LCD displays have the advantages of fast response times, but its main advantages are poor color reproduction and narrow viewing angles. Colors will shift with the viewing angle. To make things worse, it has a viewing angle with gray scale inversion issue. Scientist and engineers took great effort trying to resolve the main genetic issues. Now, TN displays can look significantly better than older TN displays from decades earlier, but overall TN TFT LCD display has inferior viewing angles and poor color in comparison to other TFT LCD technologies.

IPS TFT LCD display was developed by Hitachi Ltd. in 1996 to improve on the poor viewing angle and the poor color reproduction of TN panels. Its name comes from its in-cell twist/switch difference compared with TN LCD panels.The liquid crystal molecules move parallel to the panel plane instead of perpendicular to it. This change reduces the amount of light scattering in the matrix, which gives IPS its characteristic of much improved wide viewing angles and color reproduction. But IPS TFT display has the disadvantages of lower panel transmission rate and higher production cost compared withTN type TFT displays, but these flaws can’t prevent it to be used in high end display applications which need superior color, contrast, viewing angle and crispy images.

The mono-domain VA technology is widely used for monochrome LCD displays to provide pure black background and better contrast, its uniformly alignment of the liquid crystal molecules makes the brightness changing with the viewing angle.

MVA solves this problem by causing the liquid crystal molecules to have more than one direction on a single pixel. This is done by dividing the pixel into two or four regions – called domains – and by using protrusions on the glass surfaces to pretilt the liquid crystal molecules in the different directions. In this way, the brightness of the LCD display can be made to appear uniform over a wide range of viewing angles.

This is an LCD technology derived from the IPS by Boe-Hydis of Korea. Known as fringe field switching (FFS) until 2003, advanced fringe field switching is a technology similar to IPS offering superior performance and color gamut with high luminosity. Color shift and deviation caused by light leakage is corrected by optimizing the white gamut, which also enhances white/grey reproduction. AFFS is developed by Hydis Technologies Co., Ltd, Korea (formally Hyundai Electronics, LCD Task Force).

In 2004, Hydis Technologies Co., Ltd licensed its AFFS patent to Japan’s Hitachi Displays. Hitachi is using AFFS to manufacture high end panels in their product line. In 2006, Hydis also licensed its AFFS to Sanyo Epson Imaging Devices Corporation. (Reference)

The AFFS is similar to the IPS in concept; both align the crystal molecules in a parallel-to-substrate manner, improving viewing angles. However, the AFFS is more advanced and can better optimize power consumption. Most notably, AFFS has high transmittance, meaning that less of the light energy is absorbed within the liquid crystal layer and more is transmitted towards the surface. IPS TFT LCDs typically have lower transmittances, hence the need for the brighter backlight. This transmittance difference is rooted in the AFFS’s compact, maximized active cell space beneath each pixel.

A TFT LCD,  or a thin film transistor liquid crystal display, is one of the fastest growing forms of display technology today. The thin film transistor (TFT) is a type of semiconductor device used in display technology to enhance efficiency, compactness, and cost of the product. In conjunction with its semiconductor properties, the TFT LCD is an active matrix display, controlling pixels individually and actively rather than passively, furthering the benefits of this semiconductor device.

The TFT LCD is built with three key layers. Two sandwiching layers consist of glass substrates, though one includes TFTs while the other has an RGB, or red green blue, color filter. The layer between the glass layers is a liquid crystal layer.

The Architecture of a TFT Pixelbelow) from the other substrate layer of the device and control the amount of voltage applied to their respective sub-pixels. This layer also has pixel electrodes between the substrate and the liquid crystal layer. Electrodes are conductors that channel electricity into or out of something, in this case, pixels.

Between the two substrate layers lie liquid crystals. Together, the liquid crystal molecules may behave as a liquid in terms of movement, but it holds its structure as a crystal. There are a variety of chemical formulas available for use in this layer. Typically, liquid crystals are aligned to position the molecules in a certain way to induce specific behaviors of passing light through the polarization of the light waves. To do this, either a magnetic or electric field must be used; however, with displays, for a magnetic field to be usable, it will be too strong for the display itself, and thus electric fields, using very low power and requiring no current, are used.

Before applying an electric field to the crystals between the electrodes, the alignment of the crystals is in a 90 degree twisted pattern, allowing a properly crystal-polarized light to pass through the surface polarizer in a display’s “normal white” mode. This state is caused by electrodes that are purposely coated in a material that orients the structure with this specific twist.

However, when the electric field is applied, the twist is broken as the crystals straighten out, otherwise known as re-aligning. The passing light can still pass through the back polarizer, but because the crystal layer does not polarize the lights to pass through the surface polarizer, light is not transmitted to the surface, thus an opaque display. If the voltage is lessened, only some crystals re-align, allowing for a partial amount of light to pass and creating different shades of grey (levels of light). This effect is called the twisted nematic effect.

The twisted nematic effect is one of the cheapest options for LCD technology, and it also allows for fast pixel response time. There are still some limits, though; color reproduction quality may not be great, and viewing angles, or the direction at which the screen is looked at, are more limited.

Fig. 3:The top row characterizes the nature of alignment in using IPS as well as the quality of viewing angles. The bottom row displays how the twisted nematic is used to align the crystals and how viewing angles are affected by it.

The light that passes through the device is sourced from the backlight which can shine light from the back or the side of the display. Because the LCD does not produce its own light, it needs to use the backlight in the OLED) have come into use as well. Typically white, this light, if polarized correctly, will pass through the RGB color filter of the surface substrate layer, displaying the color signaled for by the TFT device.

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As a TFT LCD manufacturer, we import mother glass from brands including BOE, INNOLUX, and HANSTAR, Century etc., then cut into small size in house, to assemble with in house produced LCD backlight by semi-automatic and fully-automatic equipment. Those processes contain COF(chip-on-glass), FOG(Flex on Glass) assembling, Backlight design and production, FPC design and production. So our experienced engineers have ability to custom the characters of the TFT LCD screen according to customer demands, LCD panel shape also can custom if you can pay glass mask fee, we can custom high brightness TFT LCD, Flex cable, Interface, with touch and control board are all available.

A thin-film-transistor liquid-crystal display (TFT LCD) is a variant of a liquid-crystal display that uses thin-film-transistor technologyactive matrix LCD, in contrast to passive matrix LCDs or simple, direct-driven (i.e. with segments directly connected to electronics outside the LCD) LCDs with a few segments.

In February 1957, John Wallmark of RCA filed a patent for a thin film MOSFET. Paul K. Weimer, also of RCA implemented Wallmark"s ideas and developed the thin-film transistor (TFT) in 1962, a type of MOSFET distinct from the standard bulk MOSFET. It was made with thin films of cadmium selenide and cadmium sulfide. The idea of a TFT-based liquid-crystal display (LCD) was conceived by Bernard Lechner of RCA Laboratories in 1968. In 1971, Lechner, F. J. Marlowe, E. O. Nester and J. Tults demonstrated a 2-by-18 matrix display driven by a hybrid circuit using the dynamic scattering mode of LCDs.T. Peter Brody, J. A. Asars and G. D. Dixon at Westinghouse Research Laboratories developed a CdSe (cadmium selenide) TFT, which they used to demonstrate the first CdSe thin-film-transistor liquid-crystal display (TFT LCD).active-matrix liquid-crystal display (AM LCD) using CdSe TFTs in 1974, and then Brody coined the term "active matrix" in 1975.high-resolution and high-quality electronic visual display devices use TFT-based active matrix displays.

The liquid crystal displays used in calculators and other devices with similarly simple displays have direct-driven image elements, and therefore a voltage can be easily applied across just one segment of these types of displays without interfering with the other segments. This would be impractical for a large display, because it would have a large number of (color) picture elements (pixels), and thus it would require millions of connections, both top and bottom for each one of the three colors (red, green and blue) of every pixel. To avoid this issue, the pixels are addressed in rows and columns, reducing the connection count from millions down to thousands. The column and row wires attach to transistor switches, one for each pixel. The one-way current passing characteristic of the transistor prevents the charge that is being applied to each pixel from being drained between refreshes to a display"s image. Each pixel is a small capacitor with a layer of insulating liquid crystal sandwiched between transparent conductive ITO layers.

The circuit layout process of a TFT-LCD is very similar to that of semiconductor products. However, rather than fabricating the transistors from silicon, that is formed into a crystalline silicon wafer, they are made from a thin film of amorphous silicon that is deposited on a glass panel. The silicon layer for TFT-LCDs is typically deposited using the PECVD process.

Polycrystalline silicon is sometimes used in displays requiring higher TFT performance. Examples include small high-resolution displays such as those found in projectors or viewfinders. Amorphous silicon-based TFTs are by far the most common, due to their lower production cost, whereas polycrystalline silicon TFTs are more costly and much more difficult to produce.

The twisted nematic display is one of the oldest and frequently cheapest kind of LCD display technologies available. TN displays benefit from fast pixel response times and less smearing than other LCD display technology, but suffer from poor color reproduction and limited viewing angles, especially in the vertical direction. Colors will shift, potentially to the point of completely inverting, when viewed at an angle that is not perpendicular to the display. Modern, high end consumer products have developed methods to overcome the technology"s shortcomings, such as RTC (Response Time Compensation / Overdrive) technologies. Modern TN displays can look significantly better than older TN displays from decades earlier, but overall TN has inferior viewing angles and poor color in comparison to other technology.

Most TN panels can represent colors using only six bits per RGB channel, or 18 bit in total, and are unable to display the 16.7 million color shades (24-bit truecolor) that are available using 24-bit color. Instead, these panels display interpolated 24-bit color using a dithering method that combines adjacent pixels to simulate the desired shade. They can also use a form of temporal dithering called Frame Rate Control (FRC), which cycles between different shades with each new frame to simulate an intermediate shade. Such 18 bit panels with dithering are sometimes advertised as having "16.2 million colors". These color simulation methods are noticeable to many people and highly bothersome to some.gamut (often referred to as a percentage of the NTSC 1953 color gamut) are also due to backlighting technology. It is not uncommon for older displays to range from 10% to 26% of the NTSC color gamut, whereas other kind of displays, utilizing more complicated CCFL or LED phosphor formulations or RGB LED backlights, may extend past 100% of the NTSC color gamut, a difference quite perceivable by the human eye.

Initial iterations of IPS technology were characterised by slow response time and a low contrast ratio but later revisions have made marked improvements to these shortcomings. Because of its wide viewing angle and accurate color reproduction (with almost no off-angle color shift), IPS is widely employed in high-end monitors aimed at professional graphic artists, although with the recent fall in price it has been seen in the mainstream market as well. IPS technology was sold to Panasonic by Hitachi.

IPS has since been superseded by S-IPS (Super-IPS, Hitachi Ltd. in 1998), which has all the benefits of IPS technology with the addition of improved pixel refresh timing.

In 2004, Hydis Technologies Co., Ltd licensed its AFFS patent to Japan"s Hitachi Displays. Hitachi is using AFFS to manufacture high end panels in their product line. In 2006, Hydis also licensed its AFFS to Sanyo Epson Imaging Devices Corporation.

A technology developed by Samsung is Super PLS, which bears similarities to IPS panels, has wider viewing angles, better image quality, increased brightness, and lower production costs. PLS technology debuted in the PC display market with the release of the Samsung S27A850 and S24A850 monitors in September 2011.

TFT dual-transistor pixel or cell technology is a reflective-display technology for use in very-low-power-consumption applications such as electronic shelf labels (ESL), digital watches, or metering. DTP involves adding a secondary transistor gate in the single TFT cell to maintain the display of a pixel during a period of 1s without loss of image or without degrading the TFT transistors over time. By slowing the refresh rate of the standard frequency from 60 Hz to 1 Hz, DTP claims to increase the power efficiency by multiple orders of magnitude.

Due to the very high cost of building TFT factories, there are few major OEM panel vendors for large display panels. The glass panel suppliers are as follows:

External consumer display devices like a TFT LCD feature one or more analog VGA, DVI, HDMI, or DisplayPort interface, with many featuring a selection of these interfaces. Inside external display devices there is a controller board that will convert the video signal using color mapping and image scaling usually employing the discrete cosine transform (DCT) in order to convert any video source like CVBS, VGA, DVI, HDMI, etc. into digital RGB at the native resolution of the display panel. In a laptop the graphics chip will directly produce a signal suitable for connection to the built-in TFT display. A control mechanism for the backlight is usually included on the same controller board.

The low level interface of STN, DSTN, or TFT display panels use either single ended TTL 5 V signal for older displays or TTL 3.3 V for slightly newer displays that transmits the pixel clock, horizontal sync, vertical sync, digital red, digital green, digital blue in parallel. Some models (for example the AT070TN92) also feature input/display enable, horizontal scan direction and vertical scan direction signals.

New and large (>15") TFT displays often use LVDS signaling that transmits the same contents as the parallel interface (Hsync, Vsync, RGB) but will put control and RGB bits into a number of serial transmission lines synchronized to a clock whose rate is equal to the pixel rate. LVDS transmits seven bits per clock per data line, with six bits being data and one bit used to signal if the other six bits need to be inverted in order to maintain DC balance. Low-cost TFT displays often have three data lines and therefore only directly support 18 bits per pixel. Upscale displays have four or five data lines to support 24 bits per pixel (truecolor) or 30 bits per pixel respectively. Panel manufacturers are slowly replacing LVDS with Internal DisplayPort and Embedded DisplayPort, which allow sixfold reduction of the number of differential pairs.

The bare display panel will only accept a digital video signal at the resolution determined by the panel pixel matrix designed at manufacture. Some screen panels will ignore the LSB bits of the color information to present a consistent interface (8 bit -> 6 bit/color x3).

With analogue signals like VGA, the display controller also needs to perform a high speed analog to digital conversion. With digital input signals like DVI or HDMI some simple reordering of the bits is needed before feeding it to the rescaler if the input resolution doesn"t match the display panel resolution.

Kawamoto, H. (2012). "The Inventors of TFT Active-Matrix LCD Receive the 2011 IEEE Nishizawa Medal". Journal of Display Technology. 8 (1): 3–4. Bibcode:2012JDisT...8....3K. doi:10.1109/JDT.2011.2177740. ISSN 1551-319X.

Brody, T. Peter; Asars, J. A.; Dixon, G. D. (November 1973). "A 6 × 6 inch 20 lines-per-inch liquid-crystal display panel". 20 (11): 995–1001. Bibcode:1973ITED...20..995B. doi:10.1109/T-ED.1973.17780. ISSN 0018-9383.

K. H. Lee; H. Y. Kim; K. H. Park; S. J. Jang; I. C. Park & J. Y. Lee (June 2006). "A Novel Outdoor Readability of Portable TFT-LCD with AFFS Technology". SID Symposium Digest of Technical Papers. AIP. 37 (1): 1079–82. doi:10.1889/1.2433159. S2CID 129569963.

Kim, Sae-Bom; Kim, Woong-Ki; Chounlamany, Vanseng; Seo, Jaehwan; Yoo, Jisu; Jo, Hun-Je; Jung, Jinho (15 August 2012). "Identification of multi-level toxicity of liquid crystal display wastewater toward Daphnia magna and Moina macrocopa". Journal of Hazardous Materials. Seoul, Korea; Laos, Lao. 227–228: 327–333. doi:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2012.05.059. PMID 22677053.

The first device in the series, the FT800, launched in 2013 and took the titles of British Engineering Excellence ‘Electronic Product of the Year’ and Elektra ‘Digital Semiconductor of the year’, within the same year, where the product was described as providing ‘versatility and innovation’ and ‘the technological capabilities with efficiencies that differentiate it from its competitors’. With its revolutionary EVE technology deploying an object-oriented approach, the series is capable of simplifying the implementation of intelligent displays – reducing bill of material costs, power budget, board space, and development time.

With the integration of Bridgetek’s next generation EVE3 BT815/BT816 Embedded Video Engine IC, Matrix Orbital EVE3 SPI TFT"s deliver clean, crisp, full color TFT screens for interactive menus, graphing, graphics and even video.

Point of Sales Machines, Multi-function Printers, Instrumentation, Home Security Systems, Graphic touch pad – remote, dial pad, Tele/Video Conference Systems, Phones and Switchboards, Medical Appliances, Breathalyzers, Gas chromatographs, Power meter, Home appliance devices, Set-top box, Thermostats, Sprinkler system displays, GPS / Satnav, Vending Machine Control Panels, Elevator Controls, and many more....

The current worldwide TFT-LCD display panel market is being driven by rising demand for flat panel TVs, high-quality smartphones, tablets, and car monitoring systems, as well as the expanding gaming industry. The flat panel display dominates the global display industry, with TFT-LCD display panels being the most popular flat panel type and is being driven by significant demand from growing nations, particularly those in Asia Pacific such as India, China, Korea, and Taiwan, among others. The increased demand for consumer electronics such as LCD TVs, PCs, laptops, SLR cameras, navigation devices, and others has aided the industry’s growth.

TFT-LCD displays are a type of liquid crystal display in which each pixel is connected to a thin film transistor. TFT has been used in all LCD computer screens since the early 2000s because it has a faster response time and greater colour fidelity. They are in high demand in practically all sectors where displays are required due to their advantageous qualities like as light weight, slimness, high resolution, and low power consumption. TFT-LCD display panels, despite their bigger dimensions, are more practical since they can be viewed from a broader angle, are not prone to reflection, and are lighter in weight than classic CRT TVs.

The global TFT-LCD display panel market is being pushed by rising household demand for average and large-sized flat-screen televisions, as well as rising desire for small, high-resolution smart phones with large screens. The growing demand for portable and small-sized tablets in the educational and commercial sectors has also contributed to the growth of the TFT-LCD display panel market. Expanding demand for vehicle displays, a thriving gaming industry, and the growing popularity of 3D movies are all important market drivers. Despite concerns about market oversupply, shipments of large TFT-LCD display panels increased again in 2020.

With more than one-third of the global share, North America is the largest market for TFT-LCD display panels. It is closely followed by the Asia-Pacific area, which includes nations such as India, China, Korea, and Taiwan, which are key rising markets for TFT-LCD display panels. China and India are two of the region’s fastest developing economies. The expansion of demand in these regions has been aided by the expansion of their economies, an increase in disposable incomes, and an increase in desire for consumer electronics.

The major players in the market are Samsung, LG Electronics Inc, Sharp Electronics Corporation, BOE Technology Group Co Ltd, AU Optronics Corp, among others. The report covers the market shares, capacities, plant turnarounds, expansions, investments, mergers and acquisitions, among other latest developments of these market players.

At Expert Market Research, we tailor our approach according to our clients’ needs and preferences, providing them with valuable, actionable and up-to-date insights into the market, thus, helping them realize their optimum growth potential. We offer market intelligence across a range of industry verticals which include Pharmaceuticals, Food and Beverage, Technology, Retail, Chemical and Materials, Energy and Mining, Packaging and Agriculture.

The adoption of LCD technology in vehicular displays has happened quite quickly and smart displays have by now pretty much replaced the mechanical dashboards of yesteryears in cars. In an interview with our team, Rei Tjoeng from Sharp Devices revealed some interesting information regarding automotive-grade LCDs, the recent trends, and specific characteristics that make some LCD displays different from the others available in the market.

A. Adoption of TFT in 2-wheeler cluster applications has increased in a big way. The global automotive industry is widely believed to be on the cusp of tremendous change in terms of manufacturing, sales, and the overall business model, owing to the rapid advances in new-age technologies such as autonomous driving, augmented reality, and big data.

Advanced driver-assistance systems (ADAS)—such as parking assistance, forward collision, lane-departure warnings, and blind-spot monitoring—are frequently hailed as the technologies that will usher us into an age of autonomous transportation, but drivers are still either untrusting or too trusting of these features. This has led to an evolution of sorts in the in-car user experience interfaces, and more so with the way automotive display makers are developing new products.

The future for ergonomic conformal displays, display-based dash, central console, in-door wing mirrors, and transparent displays that offer unobtrusive visual information during journeys is bright. Head-up displays are fast gaining popularity as an ideal interface for disseminating crucial information such as navigation messages, vehicle speed, and warnings.

A. Yes, reflective LCDs, which use ambient light to reflect in order to read. In 2W cluster applications, where TFT is exposed to direct sunlight, readability is a major issue. Sharp Reflective LCD is a solution as visibility is crystal clear without any glare and is available in colour too. Equipped with a backlight, it can be used at night also.

Normal TFT has to pump more power through the backlight, which results in more power consumption and backlight life also gets affected to a large extent. This reflective LCD consumes very little power and could be the best fit-in product for the EV segment.

Q. One of the first fears that come to one’s mind when we see a large tablet-like display in cars is of its breaking. But what is the actual risk of these screens breaking?

A. The market is now shifting to large-size TFT displays in the automotive segment. These displays are automotive-grade LCDs and are tested for shock, vibration, high and low temperature, etc. For more protection and safety, glass bonding is done over TFT. Glass bonding with a cover glass on the LCD protects it from shock, as the hardened adhesive behind the glass acts as a shock absorber. Shakes and shocks are less likely to damage the display and glass, making this an important benefit for transportation applications. In the unlikely event that the glass is damaged, shards of broken glass will remain stuck to the optical adhesive.

Q. Reflection or glaring sunlight sometimes makes it difficult to read the displays. Any innovation introduced recently, or underway, that may solve this issue?

A. Reflective LCD and Progressive Super View are the two technologies which are effective under high ambient light. In progressive super view technology, internal and external reflection is cut down, which results in a clear view without glare. And the beauty of this technology is that it happens without pumping more power from the backlight. This helps in more lifetime of the backlight and less power consumption.

Reflective LCD is another technology that uses ambient light to reflect in order to read, hence there is more clarity under sunlight and very less power is needed. It is more beneficial for EV applications.

A. The smartphone has become very popular in recent years and it is influencing the engineers’ design. We saw some EV companies use the smartphone LCD as the cluster or GPS display for their first-generation products. The smartphone LCD is nice but, unfortunately, it is not designed for automotive applications, especially not for 2-wheeler outdoor usage. When the 2-wheeler is under the sunshine, the driver can barely see anything from the smartphone LCD. And, also, the smartphone LCD’s lifetime becomes much shorter under the automotive application scenario.

A. Sharp Singapore has been in this region for many years. We understand our customers. First, our team will get the customer’s requirements from both the marketing and engineering sides. We will check the customer’s motherboard’s graphics capability, display interface, and other necessary technical details. We will propose the best suitable LCDs to the customer and explain the reason. We will explain what we observe from the market trend and help the customer to know the best options.

Q. Do you have some form of sampling programme for them to receive samples during their prototyping stages? Do you have development or evaluation kits for your LCD displays?